Supreme Court of India

8,182 judgments

Year:

Samadhan S/o Sitaram Manmothe v. State of Maharashtra & Another

24 Nov 2025 · B. V. Nagarathna; R. Mahadevan · 2025 INSC 1351

The Supreme Court quashed rape charges against an advocate, holding that a prolonged consensual relationship without mala fide promise of marriage does not constitute rape under Section 376(2)(n) IPC.

criminal appeal_allowed Significant Section 376 IPC Section 376(2)(n) IPC Section 507 IPC Section 528 BNSS

Inder Chand Bagri v. Jagadish Prasad Bagri & Another

24 Nov 2025 · B. V. Nagarathna; R. Mahadevan · 2025 INSC 1350
Cites 0 · Cited by 1

The Supreme Court quashed criminal proceedings against the appellant for lack of prima facie case and mala fide prosecution in a partnership property dispute involving alleged criminal breach of trust and cheating.

criminal appeal_allowed Significant criminal breach of trust cheating Section 482 CrPC quashing of criminal proceedings

2 Million Lives at Risk v. State of Rajasthan

21 Nov 2025 · Vikram Nath; Sandeep Mehta · 2025 INSC 1341

The Supreme Court affirmed the constitutional right to a healthy environment, modified the stay on the NGT’s pollution control order, and constituted a high-level committee to oversee restoration of Rajasthan’s polluted river system.

constitutional appeal_allowed Significant environmental pollution right to life Article 21 National Green Tribunal

Balaji Steel Trade v. Fludor Benin S.A.

21 Nov 2025 · Pamidighantam Sri Narasimha; Atul S. Chandurkar · 2025 INSC 1342

The Supreme Court dismissed the Section 11 petition, holding that Indian courts lack jurisdiction to appoint arbitrators for foreign-seated arbitration under the principal contract governed by Benin law, and upheld issue estoppel and separateness of contracts against composite arbitration claims.

arbitration appeal_dismissed Significant international commercial arbitration foreign seat Section 11 Arbitration and Conciliation Act issue estoppel

P.U. Sidique & Ors. v. Zakariya

21 Nov 2025 · Rajesh Bindal; Manmohan · 2025 INSC 1340

The Supreme Court held that a fresh application under Section 12(1) of the Kerala Buildings (Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1965 is not mandatory in appeals challenging eviction orders under Section 12(3), restoring the landlords’ eviction orders and emphasizing pragmatic statutory interpretation.

property appeal_allowed Significant Kerala Buildings (Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1965 Section 12 procedure eviction arrears of rent

Presidential Reference No. 1 of 2025

20 Nov 2025 · B.R. GAVAI; SURYA KANT; VIKRAM NATH; PAMIDIGHANTAM SRI NARAS... · 2025 INSC 1333
Cites 1 · Cited by 0

The Supreme Court clarified the constitutional options and limits of the Governor's and President's powers under Articles 200 and 201, affirming justiciability and the binding nature of ministerial advice, while rejecting deemed assent and upholding the maintainability of the Presidential Reference.

constitutional petition_allowed Significant Article 200 Constitution of India Governor's powers Presidential Reference Article 143 advisory jurisdiction

C.M. MEENAKSHI v. ARCHBISHOP OF BANGALORE

20 Nov 2025 · B.V. Nagarathna; R. Mahadevan · 2025 INSC 1363

The Supreme Court upheld the High Court's order restoring a suit rejected at the threshold, holding that issues like limitation and res judicata require trial and cannot be decided on a summary rejection of the plaint.

civil appeal_dismissed Significant rejection of plaint Order VII Rule 11 CPC cause of action law of limitation

Robert Lalchungnunga Chongthu v. State of Bihar

20 Nov 2025 · Sanjay Karol; Nongmeikapam Kotiswar Singh · 2025 INSC 1339

The Supreme Court held that the prosecution sanction under Section 197 CrPC must be a speaking order reflecting application of mind, and inordinate delay violates the right to speedy trial, thus quashing the cognizance order against the appellant for alleged irregular arms license issuance.

criminal appeal_allowed Significant Section 13(2A) Arms Act Section 197 CrPC sanction right to speedy trial police verification

Jalgaon District Central Coop. Bank Ltd. v. State of Maharashtra and Ors.

20 Nov 2025 · B. R. GAVAI; K. VINOD CHANDRAN · 2025 INSC 1335
Cites 0 · Cited by 1

The Supreme Court held that provident fund dues have a statutory first charge and must be paid before secured creditors under the SARFAESI Act, overruling the latter's priority provisions.

civil appeal_allowed Significant SARFAESI Act Section 26E Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act Section 11(2)

Bharat Kantilal Dalal v. Chetan Surendra Dalal & Ors.

20 Nov 2025 · Sanjay Kumar; Alok Aradhe · 2025 INSC 1334
Cites 1 · Cited by 0

The Supreme Court held that Letters Patent Appeals are not maintainable against execution orders under the Arbitration Act and mandated issuance of notice under Order 21 Rule 22 CPC before execution against legal representatives.

civil appeal_allowed Significant Arbitral award execution Letters Patent Appeal maintainability Order 21 Rule 22 CPC Legal representatives

T.N. Godavarman Thirumalpad v. Union of India and Others

20 Nov 2025 · B.R. Gavai; K. Vinod Chandran; N.V. Anjaria · 2025 INSC 1338
Cites 0 · Cited by 10

The Supreme Court mandated a uniform scientific definition and sustainable regulation of mining in the Aravali Hills and Ranges, directing preparation of a comprehensive management plan to balance ecological conservation with mining activities.

environmental appeal_allowed Significant Aravali Hills mining regulation environmental conservation sustainable mining

All India Judges Association v. Union of India

19 Nov 2025 · B.R. Gavai; Surya Kant; Vikram Nath; K. Vinod Chandran; Joym... · 2025 INSC 1328
Cites 0 · Cited by 1

The Supreme Court ruled that seniority in Higher Judicial Services must be determined by continuous service and merit within a uniform roster system, rejecting preferential treatment based on recruitment source.

administrative appeal_dismissed Significant Higher Judicial Services Seniority determination Regular Promotees Limited Departmental Competitive Examination

The Government of Tamil Nadu, Transport Department v. P.R. Jaganathan

19 Nov 2025 · M. M. Sundresh; Nongmeikapam Kotiswar Singh · 2025 INSC 1332

The Supreme Court held that a concluded compensation agreement under Section 7(2) of the Tamil Nadu Acquisition of Land for Industrial Purposes Act, 1997 excludes the applicability of Section 12 interest, disallowing further claims beyond the agreed terms.

civil appeal_allowed Significant land acquisition Tamil Nadu Acquisition of Land for Industrial Purposes Act, 1997 Section 7 agreement Section 12 interest

Madras Bar Association v. Union of India

19 Nov 2025 · B.R. Gavai; K. Vinod Chandran · 2025 INSC 1330
Cites 0 · Cited by 1

The Supreme Court struck down provisions of the Tribunals Reforms Act, 2021 that compromised tribunal independence by excessive executive control, reaffirming judicial primacy in appointments and safeguarding the basic structure of the Constitution.

constitutional appeal_allowed Landmark tribunals judicial independence separation of powers appointments

TALLI GRAM PANCHAYAT v. UNION OF INDIA

19 Nov 2025 · PAMIDIGHANTAM SRI NARASIMHA; ATUL S. CHANDURKAR · 2025 INSC 1331

The Supreme Court held that the limitation period for appealing an environmental clearance under Section 16(h) of the NGT Act begins from the earliest communication by any duty bearer, dismissing the appeal as barred by limitation.

administrative appeal_dismissed Significant environmental clearance limitation period Section 16(h) National Green Tribunal Act communication

Indian Society of Organ Transplantation v. Union of India & Ors.

19 Nov 2025 · B.R. Gavai; K. Vinod Chandran · 2025 INSC 1361
Cites 0 · Cited by 3

The Supreme Court directed uniform adoption of organ transplantation laws and policies across India, emphasizing equitable access, donor welfare, and cooperative federalism to enhance organ donation and transplantation.

constitutional petition_allowed Significant organ transplantation Transplantation of Human Organs Act, 1994 2011 amendment 2014 Rules

Nur Islam & Ors. v. The State of Assam & Ors.

18 Nov 2025 · Ahsanuddin Amanullah; Vipul M. Pancholi · 2025 INSC 1506

The Supreme Court held that teachers recommended for provincialisation under the Assam Venture Educational Institutions Act, 2011 have a vested right enforceable by writ of mandamus, directing the State to provincialise their services without reopening verification.

administrative appeal_allowed Significant provincialisation vested right writ of mandamus Article 226

Jeyasingh v. The State

18 Nov 2025 · B. V. Nagarathna; R. Mahadevan · 2025 INSC 1422

The Supreme Court discharged a Forest Ranger accused of criminal negligence in deaths caused by a forest fire, holding that natural calamities without negligence do not attract Sections 304 Part II, 326, 338, or 304A IPC liability.

criminal appeal_allowed Significant vis major forest fire culpable homicide not amounting to murder negligence

Confederation of Real Estate Developers of India (CREDAI) v. Vanashakti and Another

18 Nov 2025 · B. R. Gavai · 2025 INSC 1326

The Supreme Court upheld the invalidity of ex post facto environmental clearances under the 2017 Notification and 2021 OM, reaffirming the mandatory nature of prior environmental clearance and striking down retrospective regularization of environmental violations.

administrative appeal_dismissed Significant Environmental Clearance Ex post facto clearance Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 2017 Notification

Ashok s/o Vitthalrao Jagtap v. The State of Maharashtra

18 Nov 2025 · B. R. Gavai; K. Vinod Chandran · 2025 INSC 1348

The Supreme Court enhanced compensation for landowners whose lands acquired near Jintur town were undervalued, aligning with prior precedent and granting consequential benefits while denying interest for delay in appeal.

property appeal_allowed Significant land acquisition compensation enhancement Maharashtra Industrial Development Act, 1961 Land Acquisition Act, 1894