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(rpwg;g[ mDkjp kD (c)©vz; 21091-2010?ypUe;J vGfpwJ)
KUfd; kw;Wk; gyh; /// nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs;
?vjph;? nfrt ft[z;lh; (,we;jth;) rl;lg;goahd rhh;ghsh;fs; kw;Wk; gyh; /// vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; jPh;g;g[iu khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ mnrhf; g{c&d;:
,J. thjpfs;?nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l ,uz;lhk; nky;KiwaPl;ilj; js;Sgo bra;j bkl;uh!; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuia vjph;j;J thjpapd; nky;KiwaPlhFk;/
2/ tHf;fpd; RUf;fkhd bghUz;ikfshtd:-
2/1/ chpik tHf;Fr; brhj;jhdJ. bgj;j ft[z;lh; vd;gtUf;Fr; brhe;jkhdjhFk;/ bgj;j ft[z;lUf;F fz;zd;. gyuhkd; vd;w
,U kfd;fSk;. K:d;W kfs;fSk; ,Ue;jdh;/ br';fdp mk;khs; bgj;j ft[z;lhpd; kidtpahthh;/ 17/05/1971 md;W brhj;J
KGtija[k; bgj;j ft[z;lh; jd;Dila kfd;fshd fz;zd; kw;Wk; gyuhkDf;Fk;. mjd;gpd; mtUila ,U kfd;fspd; ,U
Mz; thhpRfs; mtw;iw vLj;Jf;bfhs;s capy;tHp Ma[s; ghj;jpaij vGjpf;bfhLj;jhh;/ xUntis. mtUila kfd;fspy; xUtUf;F Mz; thhpR ,y;iybadpy;. kw;w kfDila Mz; thhpRfs; brhj;ij vLj;Jf;bfhs;th; vd capypy; nkYk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ bgj;j ft[z;lh;. jd;Dila kidtp.
,Ukfd;fs; gyuhkd;. fz;zd; kw;Wk; K:d;W kfs;fis tpl;Ltpl;L 28/11/1971 md;W ,we;Jtpl;lhh;/ bgj;j ft[z;lhpd; kidtp br';fdp mk;khs; 02/02/1982 md;W kuzKw;whh;/ gyuhkDf;F gHdpnty; vd;Dk; xU kfd; ,Ue;jhh;/
2/2/ gyuhkd; jdf;fhft[k;. jdJ ,sth; kfDf;fhft[k;
15/12/1981?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l fpiuag; gj;jpuj;jpd;
K:ykhf tHf;Fr; brhj;Jfspd; ,dbtz; 1 Kjy; 3 tiuapyhdtw;iw tpw;Wtpl;lhh;/ gyuhkd; 30/03/1981 kw;Wk;
31/03/1981?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l ,U fpiuag; gj;jpu';fs; K:yk;
Kjyhk; gpujpthjpapd; rhh;gpyhd ,dbtz; 6?Ia[k; kw;Wk;
,dbtz; 7?,d; xU gFjpiaa[k; tpw;Wtpl;lhh;/ gyuhkd;.
29/03/1982?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l fpiuag; gj;jpuk;
K:yk; ,uz;lhk; gpujpthjp rhh;ghf ,dbtz; 6?I tpw;Wtpl;lhh;/ gyuhkd; 1983?Mk; Mz;oy; ,we;jhh; kw;Wk; 02/12/1984 md;W fz;zd; ,we;jhh;/ gyuhkDila kidtp ,yc&;kp Mthh;/ thjpfs; fz;zDila kfd;fshth;/ 11/02/1986 md;W gyuhkdpd; kfdhd gHdpnty; ,stuhfnt ,we;Jtpl;lhh;/ gHdpntypd; jhahuhd
,yc&;kp mk;khs; xU kWgaDf;fhf thjpfspd; rhh;ghf
24/03/1986?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l tpLjiyahtzk; xd;iw vGjpf;bfhLj;jhh;/ thjpfs; gpd;tUk; ghpfhu';fSf;fhf ntz;Liuj;J. chpik tHf;F vz; 229-1992?I jhf;fy; bra;jdh;:-
@VI/ thjpfs; khz;g[kpF ePjpkd;wj;jplk; jat[Th;e;J ntz;LtJ ahbjdpy;:-
(m) thjpfs; tHf;Fr; brhj;JfSf;F chpika[ilath;fs; vd;W mwptpf;ft[k;;
//3//
(M) tHf;Fr; brhj;Jfspd; cilikia gpujpthjpfsplk; xg;gilf;f gzpf;ft[k;. jtWk;gl;rj;jpy; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fl;lis
K:yk; cilikia xg;gilf;f cj;jutplt[k;;
(,) chpik tHf;fpd; bryt[j;bjhifia brYj;j gpujpthjpfSf;F Mizaplt[k; ;
(<) khz;g[kpF ePjpkd;wk; tHf;fpd; N:H;epiyfSf;nfw;g. cfe;jbjdf; fUJk; mj;jifa kw;w ghpfhu';fisa[k; tH';fyhk;/@
2/3/ tHf;FiuapYs;s thjpfspd; tHf;fhtJ. gyuhkd; jd;Dila
,sth; kfd; gHdpntypd; epkpj;jk; fpiuag; gj;jpuk; vGjpf;bfhLf;f mjpfhuk; bfhz;ltuy;yh; kw;Wk; gyuhkdhy; vGjpf;bfhLf;fg;gl;l fpiuag; gj;jpu';fs; bry;yhjitahFk;/ thjpfs; fz;zdpd; kfd;fshjyhy;. gpujpthjpfsplkpUe;J brhj;Jfspd; tpsk;g[iff;Fk;. cilikf;Fk; chpika[ilatuhthh;fs;/ nkYk;. K/t/ vz; 447-1973?,y; flY}h;. rhh;g[ ePjpkd;wj;jhy; 17/05/1971?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l capypd; bry;Ye;jd;ik cWjpbra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ vdt[k; thjplg;gl;lJ/
2/4/ gpujpthjp vjph;tHf;Fiu jhf;fy; bra;jhh;/ gpujpthjpfspd; tHf;fhtJ. gyuhkd; jd;Dila fld;fisj; jPh;f;Fk;bghUl;Lk;.
FLk;gj; njitf;fhft[k;. jdf;fhft[k; kw;Wk; jd;Dila
,sth; kfd; epkpj;jkhft[k; 15/12/1981 md;W fpiuag; gj;jpuk; epiwntw;wpdhh;/ fpiuag; gj;jpuk; ,sth; gHdpntiy fl;Lg;gLj;JfpwJ/ 24/03/1986 md;W ,yc&;kp mk;khshy; vGjpf;bfhLf;fg;gl;l tpLjiyahtzk; thjpfSf;F ve;j
//4// chpikiaa[k; mspf;fhJ/ gHdpnty; kuzKw;w njjp. mjhtJ
11/02/1986?ypUe;J 3 Mz;LfSf;Fs;shf chpik tHf;F jhf;fy; bra;ag;glhjjhy;. ,t;t[hpik tHf;F fhytuk;gpd; bgauhy; jilbra;ag;glyhkh> rl;lg;goahd chpik tHf;F epiyepw;;fj;jf;fjy;y/ gpujpthjpfs; rl;ltpnuhjkhd cilikapy;
,y;iy/ gpujpthjpfs; kjpg;g[f;fhf ey;byz;zj;Jld; th';fpath;fshthh;fs;/ thjpfs; fpiuag; gj;jpuj;ij ePf;fwt[ bra;tjw;fhf ntz;Liuf;fhky;. tpsk;g[iff;fhd chpik tHf;ifj; jhf;fy; bra;a ,ayhJ/
2/5/ tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk; gj;J tHf;bfG tpdhf;fis tide;jJ/
@chpik tHf;if fhytuk;gpd; bgauhy; jil bra;ayhkh>@ vd;gJ
7?Mk; tHf;bfGtpdhthFk;/ @thjpfs; tHf;Fr; brhj;Jfs; bjhlh;ghd chpikK:y tpsk;g[if nfhu chpika[ilath;fsh>@ vd;gJ 8?Mk; tHf;bfGtpdhthFk;/ 9?Mk; tHf;bfGtpdh. thjpfs; cilik kPsg;bgWtjw;fhf nfhu chpika[ilath;fsh> vd;gjhFk;/ tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk; tHf;bfGtpdh vz; 7?I jPh;khdpf;ifapy;. chpik tHf;F fhytuk;gpd; bgauhy; jil bra;ag;gltpy;iy vd;W jPh;g;gspj;jJ/ thjp. gpd;dil chpikauhf chpik tHf;ifj; jhf;fy; bra;jpUg;gjhy;. fhytiuaiwr; rl;lj;jpd; tFKiwf;TW 65 bghUe;Jk; vd tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk; jPh;g;gspj;jJ/ tFKiwf;TW 65?,d;go fhytiuaiwf;fhd fhyk; 12 Mz;LfshFk;. vdnt. chpik tHf;F Fwpj;j fhyj;jpw;Fs;shfnt cs;sJ/ 17/05/1971?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l capyhdJ. bry;yj;jf;f capyhf ,Uf;fntz;Lbkd jPh;g;gspf;fg;? gl;lJ/ gyuhkdhy; vGjpf;bfhLf;fg;gl;l fpiuag; gj;jpu';fs; bry;yj;jfhjit/ ,yc&;kp mk;khSf;F tHf;Fr; brhj;Jfspy; chpikapy;iy vd;wKiwapy;. tpLjiyahtzj;jpypUe;J g[jpa
//5// chpik vija[k; thjpfs; bgwkhl;lhh;fs; vd tpLjiy
Mtzj;jpd;nghpy; tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk; jPh;g;gspj;jJ/
24/03/1986?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l tpLjiyahtzj;jpd; cz;ikiaa[k;. bry;Ye;jd;ikiaa[k; jPh;khdpf;fj; njitapy;iybad tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk; jPh;g;gspj;jJ/ nkYk;. mjid ePf;fwt[ bra;a ntz;Liuj;J. jdpahf Xh; chpik tHf;ifj; jhf;fy; bra;antz;oajpy;iy. Vbddpy;. mf;fpiuag; gj;jpu';fs; bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;fit vd;gjhy; mtw;iw g[wf;fzpf;fyhk; vdt[k; tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk; jPh;khdpj;jJ/ thjpfs;. gpujpthjpfsplkpUe;J cilikia kPsg;bgw jFjpa[ilath;fs; vd jPh;g;gspf;fg;gl;lJ/ tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk;. mjDila 13/08/1997?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; jPh;g;ghiz K:yk; chpik tHf;ifj; jPh;g;ghizapl;lJ/
2/6/ tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuahy; ghjpg;gile;j gpujpthjpfs; nky;KiwaPl;ilj; jhf;fy; bra;jdh;/ Kjd;ik khtl;l ePjpgjp. jd;Dila 31/08/1999?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iu K:yk; chpik tHf;ifj; js;Sgo bra;J nky;KiwaPl;il mDkjpj;jhh;/
11/02/1986 md;W gHdpnty; ,we;Jtpl;ljhy;. mtUila
,wg;gpypUe;J 3 Mz;LfSf;Fs;shf fpiuag; gj;jpu';fis
,uj;Jbra;J cilikia vLj;Jf;bfhs;tjw;fhd chpik tHf;F jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;oUf;fntz;Lbkd nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk; jPh;khdpj;jJ/ 1992?Mk; Mz;oy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l chpik tHf;fhdJ fhytuk;gpd; bgauhy; jilbra;ag;gl;lJ/ nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk; fhytiuaiwr; rl;lj;jpd; tFKiwf;TW
60?,d; kPJ rhh;t[w;wJ/ Kjyhk; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuahy; ghjpg;gile;J. thjpfs; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; ,uz;lhk; nky;KiwaPl;ilj; jhf;fy; bra;jdh;/ cah; ePjpkd;wk; jd;Dila
//6//
21/04/2010?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iu K:yk; ,uz;lhk; nky;KiwaPl;ilj; js;Sgo bra;jJ/ cah; ePjpkd;wk; ghprPyidf;fhf gpd;tUk; rhukhd rl;lg;gpur;ridia tide;jJ :-
@i) kuzKw;w ,sth; gHdpntYf;F brhe;jkhd brhj;Jfspd;
24/03/1986?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l th/rh/M/15?Md tpLjiyahtzkhdJ. ,ay;g[ fhg;ghsuhd fhy";brd;w gyuhkdhy; vGjpf;bfhLf;fg;gl;l th/rh/M/9=gp/rh/M/9. th/rh/M/10=gp/rh/M/7. th/rh/M/11=gp/rh/M/2 kw;Wk; th/rh/M/12=gp/rh/M/9 Mfpatw;wpd; fPHhd fpiua';fspd; K:yk; chpikkhw;wj;ij jtph;f;ftpy;iy vd;W fw;wwpe;j Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpgjp jPh;g;gspj;jJ rhpjhdh>/ ii) ,sthpd; brhj;Jfis ,sthpd; ,ay;g[ fhg;ghsuhd fhy";brd;w gyuhkdhy; vGjpf;bfhLf;fg;gl;l fpiuag; gj;jpu';fs;. ,e;J ,sth;epiy kw;Wk; fhg;ghz;ikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 8(2)(m)?I xl;Lbkhj;jkhf kPwp vGjpf;bfhLf;fg;? gl;Ls;snghJ. Fwpg;ghf ,sthpd;fPH; nfhhpa jhahh;. ,sthpd;
,wg;gpd;nghpy; cldoahf tpw;gidiaj; jtph;j;jpUf;Fk;nghJ. nkw;go fpiuag; gj;jpu';fs; rl;lg;go bry;Ye;jd;ik ciladth> iii) ,sth; gHdpnty; kiwe;j njjpapypUe;J K:d;whz;LfSf;Fs; tpw;gidia ePf;fwt[ bra;a chpik tHf;F jhf;fy; bra;ahjjhy; chpik tHf;F epiyepw;fj;jf;fjy;y vd;W
Kjyhk; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpgjp jPh;g;gspj;jJ rhpjhdh>
2/7/ gyuhkdhy; bra;ag;gl;l cilikkhw;w';fs; bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;f cilikkhw;w';fshfj;jhd; bghUs;bfhs;sg;gLnkad;wp bry;yhj
//7// cilikkhw;w';fshf my;y vd cah; ePjpkd;wk; jPh;g;gspj;jJ/ fhytiuaiwr; rl;lk; tFKiwf;TW 60?,d;go thjpfs;
JUDGMENT
3 Mz;LfSf;Fs; chpik tHf;ifj; jhf;fy; bra;jpUf;fntz;Lk; vd cah; ePjpkd;wk; jPh;khdpj;jJ/ midj;J rhukhd rl;lg;gpur;rpidfSk; gpujpthjpfs;?vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; rhh;ghf jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd/ cah; ePjpkd;wk;,uz;lhk; nky;KiwaPl;ilj; js;Sgo bra;jJ/ jPh;g;g[iuf;bfjpuhf kdf;Fiwa[w;W.,k;nky;KiwaPL jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ/ 3/ nky;KiwaPl;ow;F Mjuthf. nky;KiwaPl;lhsUf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ tp/ gpughfh; thjpl;ljhtJ. fhytiuaiwr; rl;lj;jpd; tFKiwf;TW 60 bghUe;jhJ kw;Wk; chpik tHf;F tFKiwf;TW 65?My; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLtjhft[k;. mJ ed;F Fwpj;j fhyj;jpw;Fs;shfnta[s;sJ vd;Wk; tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jhy; rhpahfnt jPh;g;gspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gjhFk;/,sthpd; rhh;gpyhd eltof;ifia kWj;jypf;Fk; tpUg;g[hpikahdJ,sthpd; jhahuhy; braw;gLj;jg;gl;oUg;gjhy;. gyuhkdhy; vGjpf;bfhLf;fg;gl;l fpiuag; gj;jpuk; bjhlf;fj;jpypUe;nj bry;yhjJ vd gzpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ gyuhkdhy; vGjpf;bfhLf;fg;gl;l fpiuag; gj;jpu';fSf;F ePjpkd;wk; mDkjpa[k;. rl;lg;goahd njita[kpy;yhjjhy;. mJ mtUila jhahh;,yc&;kp mk;khshy; rhpahfnt kWjypf;fg;gl;lJ/,yc&;kp mk;khshy; cilikkhw;wk; kWjypf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ vd;w thjtypikapd;nghpy;. fpiuag; gj;jpu';fs; bry;yhjjhfptpLk;. nkYk;. fpiuag; gj;jpu';fis ePf;fwt[ bra;tjw;fhf ntz;Liuf;F mtrpaKk;,y;iy. tpsk;g[if kw;Wk; cilikf;fhd chpik tHf;F KGtJkhf epiyepw;fj;jf;fjhFk;/ fpiuag; gj;jpu';fis ePf;fwt[ bra;tjw;fhf chpik tHf;F jhf;fy; bra;jpUe;jhy;jhd; tFKiwf;TW 60 bghUe;Jk;/ 4/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsUf;fhd tHf;Fiu"hpd; gzpe;Jiufis kWj;J. vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsUf;fhf Kd;dpiyahd fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpUkjp-bry;tp tp/ nkhfdh thjpl;ljhtJ.,sthpd;,wg;g[ njjpapypUe;J //8//
3 Mz;LfSf;Fs; chpik tHf;F jhf;fy; bra;ag;glhjjhy;. mJ bjspthfnt fhytiuaiwapd; bgauhy; jilbra;ag;gl;lJ vd;gjhFk;/ fpiuag; gj;jpu';fs; kWjypf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhy; 24/03/1986?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l tpLjiyahtzkhdJ. vw;Wf;bfhs;sg;glKoahJ vdt[k; gzpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ fpiuag; gj;jpu';fis ePf;fwt[ bra;tjw;fhf ntz;Liuf;fhky;. thjpfshy; cilikf;fhd jPh;g;ghizia nfhug;gl;oUf;ff;TlhJ vd rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ fhytiuaiwahdJ. fhytiuaiwr; rl;lj;jpd; tFKiwf;TW 60?My; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhFk;/ 5/ jug;gpdh;fSf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h; gy;ntW jPh;g;g[iufisr; rhh;t[w;Ws;shh;. gzpe;Jiufis tphpthfg; ghprPypf;ifapy;. mtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpl;L ghprPypf;fntz;Lk;/ 6/ jug;gpdh;fSf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h;fspd; gzpe;JiufspypUe;Jk;. gjpthtzj;jpYs;s thJiufspypUe;Jk; gpd;tUk; tHf;bfGtpdhf;fs;,k;nky;KiwaPl;oy; ghprPypidf;fhf vGfpd;wd:-
(i) thjpfshy;?nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l chpik tHf;F fhytuk;gpd; bgauhy; jil bra;ag;gl;ljh>
(ii) gyuhkdhy; vGjpf;bfhLf;fg;gl;l fpiuag; gj;jpu';fis ePf;fwt[ bra;tjw;fhf ntz;Liuf;fhky;. tpsk;g[if kw;Wk; cilikf;fhd chpik tHf;F epiyepw;fj;jf;fjh> (iii),yc&;kp mk;khshy; vGjpf;bfhLf;fg;gl;l 24/03/1986?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l tpLjiyahtzj;jpd; K:yk; gyuhkdhy; vGjpf;bfhLf;fg;gl;l fpiuag; gj;jpu';fs; kWjypf;fg;gl;ld vd;W thjpfs; rpwg;g[w thjplKoa[kh> //9// tHf;bfGtpdh vz;/1 7/ chpik tHf;F Fwpj;jfhyj;jpw;Fs; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;Ls;sbjd tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk; tFKiwf;TW 65?I rhh;t[w;W jPh;g;gspj;jpUf;ifapy;. nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wKk;. cah; ePjpkd;wKk; tFKiwf;TW 60?I rhh;t[w;W chpik tHf;F fhytuk;gpd; bgauhy; jilbra;ag;gl;lJ vd jPh;g;gspj;jJ/ fhytiuaiwr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ IV. tFKiwf;TWfs; 59 kw;Wk; 60?,y; ml';fpa[s;s @jPh;g;ghizfs; kw;Wk; Kiwahtz';fs;@ bjhlh;ghd chpik tHf;Ffisg;gw;wp tpthjpf;fpwJ:- @ chpik tHf;fpd; tptuk; fhytuk;gpd; mst[ ve;jr; rkaj;jpypUe;J fhyk; Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ 60/ ghJfhg;gpy; cs;sth; xUthpd; fhg;ghsuhy; bra;ag;gl;Ls;s brhj;Jhpik khw;wk; xd;iw ePf;fwt[ bra;a ?
(m) chpiktaij mile;j ghJfhg;gpy; cs;stuhy;/
3 Mz;Lfs; ghJfhg;gpy; cs;sth; chpiktajpid milfpwbghGJ
(M) ghJfhg;gpy; cs;sthpd; rl;lg;gpujpepjpahy; ?
(i) chpiktajpid mile;j njjpapypUe;J K:d;whz;LfSf;Fs; ghJfhg;gpy; cs;sth;,wf;fpwbghGJ/ chpiktajpid milfpwbghGJ
(ii) chpiktaij miltjw;F
Kd;dnu ghJfhg;gpy; cs;sth;,wf;fpwbghGJ/@,wf;fpwbghGJ //10// 8/ gFjp V?,y; ml';fpa[s;s tFKiwf;TW 65 (mirahr; brhj;Jfs; bjhlh;g[ila chpik tHf;Ffs;) gpd;tUkhW:- @65/ chpik K:yj;ij mog;gilahff;bfhz;L mirahr; brhj;J my;yJ mjpYs;s ntW ghj;jpaj;jpd; cilikf;fhf/ gd;dpuz;L Mz;Lfs; vjph;thjpapd; cilik thjpf;F vjpuhf MfpwbghGJ/ tpsf;fk;:-,t;tFKiwf;Twpd; nehf;f';fSf;fhf ?
(m) Xh; v";Rhpikahsh;. xU gpd;dil chpikahsh; (xU epyf;fpHhh; my;;yhjth;) my;yJ capy;tHp bgWgth; Mfpnahuhyhd chpik tHf;fhfpwtplj;J. neh;tpw;? nfw;g v";Rhpikahsh;. gpd;dil chpikahsh; my;yJ capy;tHp bgWgthpd; brhj;J cilikf;Fs; tUfpwbghGJ kl;Lnk vjph;thjpapd; cilik vjph;epiy Mfpa[s;sjhf fUjg;glntz;Lk;;
(M) Xh;,e;J my;yJ K!;yPk; bgz;zpd;,wg;gpd;nghpy; mirahr; brhj;jpd; cilika[hpikf;F chpik bgw;Ws;s Xh;,e;J my;yJ K!;yPkhyhd chpik tHf;fhfpw? tplj;J. mg;bgz;,wf;fpwbghGJ kl;Lnk vjph;thjpapd; cilik vjph;epiyahfp cs;sjhff; fUjg;gl ntz;Lk;; (,) jPh;g;ghiz xd;wpd; epiwntw;wypyhd tpw;gidapy; xU th';Fgtuhyhd chpik tHf;fhfpwtplj;J. mt;tpw;gidapd; njjpapy; jPh;g;g[f; fldhsp cilikapy;,y;yhjbghGJ. cilikapypy;yhj jPh;g;g[f; fldhspapd; xU gpujpepjpahf th';Fgth; fUjg;glntz;Lk;/@..11.. 9/ tFKiwf;TW 60(gp)(ii) chpiktaij mila[k;Kd;dnu ghJfhg;gpy; cs;s xUth;,wf;Fk;bghGJs;s chpik tHf;F gw;wp Fwpg;gpLfpwJ/ gHdpnty; chpiktaij mila[k; Kd;dnu 11/02/1986 md;W,we;Jtpl;lhh; vd;gJ jw;nghija tHf;F/ mtUila gpwe;j njjp 16/07/1978?Mf,Uj;jjhy;. mth; chpiktaij mila[k; Kd;dnu,we;jpUf;fpwnghJ. ghJfhg;gpy; cs;sthpd; fhg;ghsuhy; Kiwahtzk; bra;tijj; jtph;f;Fk; fhytiuaiwahdJ ghJfhg;gpy; cs;sth;,we;jjpypUe;J 3 Mz;LfshFk;/ chpiktaij milahj xUthpd; epfH;t[epiy fhg;ghsuhy; bra;ag;gl;l cilikkhw;wk; Fwpj;J fhytiuaiwr; rl;lj;jpd; tFKiwf;TWfs; 60 kw;Wk; 65?I ghprPypf;f,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F tha;g;g[ fpilj;jJ/ kJfh; tp!;tehj; ?vjph;? khjt; kw;Wk; gyh;. (1999) 9 v!;/rp/rp/ 446 vd;w tHf;fpy; nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; jha;khkd; fpiuag; gj;jpuk; vGjpf;bfhLj;Js;shh;/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; 22/08/1966 md;W chpiktaij mile;jgpwF brhj;ij khw;wpf;bfhLg;gth;fs; brhj;jpd; cilikia xg;gilf;fntz;Lk; vd;W ntz;Liuj;J. 07/02/1973 md;W chpik tHf;ifj; jhf;fy; bra;jhh;/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; rhh;gpy; fhytiuaiw nehf;f';fSf;fhf tFKiwf;TW 65 rhh;t[wg;gl;lJ/ tFKiwf;TW 60?jhd; bghUe;jj;jf;fnjad;wp tFKiwf;TW 65 my;y vd,e;ePjpkd;wk; jPh;g;gspj;jJ/ jPh;g;g[iuapd; 4 kw;Wk; 5?MtJ gj;jpfs; bghUj;jkhdit/ mit fPnH Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd:- @4/ xxx xxx xxx mjhtJ gpujpthjp. ghg[uht; khnjhuht; g[uhepf; vd;gth; nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; epfH;t[epiy fhg;ghsh; vd;gJ epiyehl;lg;gl;oUe;jJ. Mfnt. mtuhy; jPh;t[ bra;ag;gl;l nkw;go brhj;J bry;yhjjhFk;/ mJ bry;yhjjhy;. nkw;go brhj;jpd; cilikf;fhd chpik tHf;ifj; jhf;fy; bra;a nky;KiwaPl;lhsUf;F tHptif,Ue;jJ kw;Wk; nkw;go chpik tHf;fpw;fhd fhytiuaiw tFKiwf;TW 65?,y; tFj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ //12// 5/ ////////thjpl;lthW chpik tHf;if Vw;Wf;bfhz;lhY';Tl. cilikkhw;wkhdJ rl;lg;goahd njitf;fhdjy;y vd Kjypy; fz;lwpahky; cilikf;fhd jPh;g;ghizia gpwg;gpj;jpUf;ff;TlhJ. Mifahy; rl;ltifapy;,J jtwhdjhFk;/ mj;jifabjhU chpik tHf;fpw;F tFKiwf;TW 60?,d; tifa';fs; bghUe;Jk;/ tFKiwf;TW 60 ghJfhg;gpy; cs;sthpd; fhg;ghsuhy; bra;ag;gl;l brhj;J khw;wj;ij ePf;fwt[ bra;a chpiktaij mile;Jtpl;l ghJfhg;gpy; cs;stuhyhd chpik tHf;F rk;ge;jg;gl;lJ kw;Wk; tFj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l fhyk; chpiktaij mile;j njjpapy; bjhl';fp K:d;W Mz;LfshFk;/ ///////////@ 10/ ehuhaz; ?vjph;? ghghrhcwpg; kw;Wk; gyh; (2016) 6 v!;/rp/rp/ 725 vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wk; kPz;Lk; fhytiuaiwr; rl;lj;jpd; tFKiwf;TW 60?I ghprPypf;Fk; tha;g;igg;bgw;wJ/ nkw;go tHf;fpy;. chpiktaij milahjthpd; brhj;jhdJ. mtUila fhg;ghsuhy; tpw;gid bra;ag;gLtij ePf;fwt[ bra;tjw;fhd chpik tHf;F fhytiuaiwr; rl;lj;jpd; tFKiwf;TW 60?My; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwbjd,e;ePjpkd;wk; jPh;g;gspj;Js;sJ/ gj;jp vz;fs; 25 kw;Wk; 26?,y; gpd;tUkhW tFj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sd:- @25/ gphpt[ 60?,d; bkhHpeiliaf; Th;e;jhuha;e;jhy;. chpiktaij mile;j,stuhYk;. nkYk; mth; chpiktaij mile;jgpwF,we;JtpLfpwnghJ my;yJ,stuha;,we;JtpLfpwnghJ. mthpd; rl;lg;goahd gpujpepjpfshYk;,lg;gLk; chpik tHf;FfSf;F,J bghUe;Jk; vd;gijr; Rl;of;fhl;LfpwJ/ fhg;ghsuhy; mirahr; brhj;jpd; chpikkhw;wk; bra;ag;gLtij ePf;fwt[ bra;tw;fhfnt vd;gJ gy;tif njhw;wk; bfhz;l chpik tHf;fpd;,ay;ghFk; kw;Wk;,jd;tpisthf. 1956?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 8(2)?I kPwp fhg;ghsuhy; chpikkhw;wk; bra;ag;gLtij jtph;g;gjd; K:yk; cilikf;fhd chpik tHf;fplg;glyhk;/ Kjd;ikahf. //13// chpikkhw;wj;ij ePf;fwt[ bra;J. cilikf;fhd gpd;bjhlh; ghpfhuj;ij tH';ff;nfhUtijj;jtpu ntbwhd;Wkpy;iy/ 26/ Kd;dhisa,sthpd; fhg;ghsuhy;,shpd; brhj;ij cilikkhw;wk; bra;tij ePf;fwt[ bra;tjw;fhd chpik tHf;F tFKiwf;TW 60?My; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ vd;gjpy; VbjhU Iag;ghLk;,Uf;fKoahJ/ fhg;ghsuhy; mirahr; brhj;ij khw;wk; bra;jij vjph;g;gjw;F,stuhdth; chpiktaij mile;jgpwF tFj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l K:d;W Mz;L fhyj;jpw;Fs;shf chpik tHf;ifj; jhf;fy; bra;jhfntz;Lk;/@ 11/ jw;bghGJ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"uhy; rhh;t[wg;gl;Ls;s tFKiwf;TW 65?I ghh;g;nghk;/ chpikK:yj;ij mog;gilahff; bfhz;L mjpYs;s VnjDk; ghj;jpaijapd;nghpy; mirahr; brhj;jpd; cilikf;fhf chpik tHf;F jhf;fy; bra;fpd;wnghJjhd; nkw;goahd fhytiuaiw fpilf;fj;jf;fjhFk;/ jug;gpdhpd; bgauhy;,sthpd; je;ijahuhy; gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l fpiua Mtz';fspd; K:yk; brhj;jhdJ chpikkhw;wspf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gnj jw;nghija tHf;fhFk;/ vdnt. gyuhkdhy; fpiuag; gj;jpuk; vGjpf;bfhLf;fg;gl;lnghJ. mth;,sthpd; chpikiaa[k; khw;wpf;bfhLj;jjhfnt bfhs;sg;gLk;/ fpiuag; gj;jpu';fs; bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;fnjad;wp bry;yhjitay;y vd;gjhy; thjpfs; tFKiwf;TW 65?,d;kPJ rhh;t[w,ayhJ/ Mjyhy;. chpik tHf;fpw;fhd fhytiuaiw tFKiwf;TW 60?My; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ vd;Wk;. chpik tHf;F fhytiuaiwahy; bjspthfnt jilbra;ag;gl;Ls;sbjd Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wKk;. cah; ePjpkd;wKk; rhpahf jPh;g;gspj;Js;sd vd;Wk; eh';fs; fUJfpnwhk;/ 12/ vd;d chpik khw;wspf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gij fpiuag; gj;jpu';fspypUe;J fz;lwptJ Kf;fpakhFk;/,sthpd; je;ijf;F Ma[s; ghj;jpaij mspf;fg;gl;lJ //14// vd;gJk;. mtuJ,wg;gpw;Fg; gpd;dnu,sth; chpikbgWthh; vd;gJk; nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; tHf;bfd ehk;,ijf; TWfpnwhk;/,JFwpj;J. ehk; nrh;e;jil chpik kw;Wk; epfH;tilthd chpikf;fpilnaahd ntWghl;ilf; Fwpg;gplyhk;/ nrh;e;jil chpik vd;gJ brhj;Jhpik khw;Wr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 19?,d; tplag;bghUshFk;. mnjntisapy; brhj;Jhpik khw;Wr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 21 epfH;tilthd chpikf; Fwpj;J ifahSfpwJ g{uz chpikiaj; bjhlh;e;JtUk; Ma[s; ghj;jpar; brhj;jhdJ Xh; capy;K:yk; njhw;Wtpf;fg;gLtjhy;.,jDld; bjhlh;g[ila tifak;,e;jpa thhpRhpikr; rl;lk;. 1925?,d; gphpt[ 119 MFk;/ gphpt[ 119 gpd;tUkhW vLj;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ: @119/ gzk; bfhLf;fpwnghJ my;yJ cilik bfhs;tJ js;sp itf;fg;gLfpwnghJ capy;tHpr; brhj;J nrh;e;jila[k; ehs; ? capy;tHpr; brhj;jpd; thrf';fspd;go. capy;tHpaspf;fg;gl;l bghUis capy;tHp chpikahsh; cldoahfg; bgwKoahjpUf;Fk;bghGJ. capypy; Kuz;ghlhd nehf;fk; vJt[k; njhd;wpdhyd;wp. mjid mth; chpa neuj;jpy; bgWtjw;F chpikahfpwtplj;J. capy; vGjpitj;jthpd;,wg;gpd;nghpy;. mJ capy;tHp chpikahsiur; brd;wile;J. mth; capy;tHpr; brhj;ij chpa fhyj;jpy; bgwhknyna,we;JnghapypUe;jhy;. me;j capy;tHp chpikahshpd; thhpRfisr; brd;wila[k; kw;Wk;,j;jifa N:H;epiyfspy; capy; vGjpitj;jthpd;,wg;gpd;nghpy; fpilf;Fk; capy;tHpr; brhj;jhdJ nrh;e;jil chpikahFk;/ tpsf;fk; ? egh; vtUf;Fk; Xh; capy;tHpr; brhj;jspf;Fk; vz;zkhdJ. mthpd; nrh;e;jil chpikahfhJ vd;gjid xU tifaj;jpypUe;J kl;Lnkh. capy;tHpaspf;fg;gl;l bghUisf; bfhLg;gJ my;yJ cilikbfhs;tJ xj;jpitf;fg;gLtijf; bfhz;nlh my;yJ mjpYs;s Ke;ija chpikia ntbwhU egUf;F capy;tHpahf mspf;fg;gLtijf; bfhz;nlh my;yJ capy;tHpaspf;fg;gl;l epjpapypUe;J fpilf;Fk; tUthia. me;j //15// bjhifiar; brYj;Jtjw;fhd fhyk; tUk;tiuapy; nrh;j;J itg;gjw;F gzpf;fg;gl;oUg;gijf; bfhz;nlh my;yJ xU tifaj;jpypUe;J xU Fwpg;gpl;l epfH;t[ eilbgWk;bghGJ. me;j capy;tHpr; brhj;J kw;bwhU egiu brd;wilantz;Lk; vd;gijf;bfhz;nlh Cfpj;jy; TlhJ/@ vLj;Jf;fhl;L vz; (iii)?I eh';fs; Fwpg;gpLtJ bghUj;jkhdjhFk;. mJ gpd;tUkhW vLj;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ: @(iii) epjpahdJ @m@?,d; thH;ehs; tiuapy; mtUf;F capy;tHpaspf;fg;gl;L. mtuJ,wg;gpw;Fg;gpwF @M@?f;F brd;wilantz;Lk;/ capy; vGjpitj;jth;,we;jjd;nghpy; @M@?f;fhd capy;tHpr;brhj;J @M@?,d; nrh;e;jil chpikahfptpLfpwJ/@ Mifahy;. bgj;j ft[z;lh;,we;jjd;nghpy; gHdpntypd; rhh;ghf capy;tHpaspf;fg;gl;l KGt[hpikahdJ mtUila nrh;e;jil chpikahfpaJ/ tHf;bfGtpdh vz; 2 13/ jw;nghija tHf;fpy;. gyuhkd; jdJ rhh;gpYk;. jdJ,sth; kfd; gHdpnty; epkpj;jKk; epiwntw;wpa fpiuag; gj;jpu';fs; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mDkjpiag;bgwhky; epiwntw;wg;gl;ld vd;gjpy; fUj;JntWghL,y;iy/ 1956?Mk; Mz;L,e;J,sth;epiy kw;Wk; fhg;ghz;ikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 8 fPH;f;fz;lthW bjhlh;g[ilajhFk;:- 8/,ay;g[ fhg;ghshpd; mjpfhu';fs; ? (1) Xh;,e;J,sthpd;,ay;g[ fhg;ghsh;.,e;jg; gphptpd; tifa';fSf;Fl;gl;L.,sthpd; eyDf;F ntz;oa my;yJ,sthpd; chpikr; brhj;jpidf; iftug;gw;wt[k;. //16// ghJfhf;ft[k; my;yJ gaDilajhf;ft[k; njitahd my;yJ jFkhd. chpabray;fisg; g[hptjw;F mjpfhuKilatuhthh;. Mdhy; fhg;ghsh;. ve;neh;tpYk; jdpKiw xg;ge;jk; thapyhf,stiu fl;Lg;gLj;j,ayhJ/ (2),ay;g[ fhg;ghsh;. ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;mDkjpapd;wp ? (m),sthpd; mirahr; brhj;jpd; gFjp vjida[k; milkhdk; itj;jnyh. gw;Wg;bghWg;g[f;F cl;gLj;jnth. tpw;gid. bfhil. ghpkhw;wk; my;yJ gpwtif chpikkhw;wk; bra;jnyh MfhJ/
(M) mj;jifa brhj;jpd; gFjp vjida[k; Ie;jhz;LfSf;F nkw;gLk; xU fhytiuf;F my;yJ,sth; chpiktaij mila[k; njjpfle;J Xuhz;Lf;F nkw;gLk; xU fhytiuf;F Fj;jiff;F tpLjy; MfhJ/ (3) cl;gphpt[ (1) my;yJ cl;gphpt[ (2)?I kPWfpwtifapy;,ay;g[ fhg;ghsh; xUtuhy; mirahr; brhj;J vJt[k; jPh;t[ bra;ag;gLkhapd;. mJ,stnuh. mth;K:yk; chpiknfhUk; xUtnuh vLf;Fk; eltof;ifahy; bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;f mayilthFk;/ (4) ePjpkd;wk; vJt[k;,stUf;Fj; njitg;ghL vGk; neh;tpnyh. mtuJ bjspepiyahd eyg;ghl;ow;fhfntad;wp. cl;gphpt[ (2)?,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s bray;fspy; vjida[k; g[hptjw;F,ay;g[ fhg;ghsUf;F mDkjp mspj;jy; MfhJ/ (5) fhg;ghsh;fs; kw;Wk; fhg;g[hpikah;fs; rl;lk;. 1890 (8-1890) vt;thW mjd; gphpt[ 29?,d;go ePjpkd;wj;jpy; mDkjp //17// bgWtjw;fhd tpz;zg;gijg; bghWj;J bghUe;JWnkh. mt;thnw,e;jr; rl;lj;jpd; cl;gphpt[ (2)?,d;go ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mDkjp bgWtjw;fhd tpz;zg;gj;ijg; bghWj;Jk; vy;yh epiyfspYk; bghUe;JWk;. Fwpg;ghf ?
(m) mt;tpz;zg;gj;jpw;F,izt[ila eltof;iffs; me;jr; rl;lj;jpd;go. me;j rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 4?m?,d; bghUs;tiuapDs; mika[k; eltof;iffshff; bfhs;sg;gLk;/
(M) ePjpkd;wk; me;j rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 31?,d; cl;gphpt[fs;
(2). (3). (4) Mfpatw;wpy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;s bewpKiwfisg; gpd;gw;WtJld; mtw;wpy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;s mjpfhu';fisa[k; cilajhFk;/ (,),e;j gphptpd; cl;gphpt[ (2)?,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s bray;fspy; vjida[k;,ay;g[ fhg;ghsh; g[hptjw;fhd mDkjpia kWf;Fk; ePjpkd;wj;J MizapypUe;J vGk; nky;KiwaPL. me;j ePjpkd;wj;J Kot[fspypUe;J nky;KiwaPLfs; tHf;fkhfr; bra;ag;gLk; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F,lg;gLk;/ (6),e;jg; gphptpy; @ePjpkd;wk;@ vd;gJ mj;jifa tpz;zg;gk; bra;Jbfhs;tjw;Fhpa mirahr; brhj;J mike;Js;s,lj;ijj; jd; mjpfhutuk;gpw;Fs; bfhz;Ls;s khefu chpikapay; ePjpkd;wk;. khtl;l ePjpkd;wk; my;yJ fhg;ghsh;fs; kw;Wk; fhg;g[hpikah;fs; rl;lk;. 1890 (8-1890)?,d; gphpt[ 4?m?,d;go mjpfhuk;bgw;w xU ePjpkd;wk; vd;W bghUs;gLk;; nkYk; mj;jifa ePjpkd;w';fspy; xd;Wf;F nkw;gl;l ePjpkd;w mjpfhu tuk;gpDf;Fs; me;j mirahr; brhj;J mike;jpUf;Fkplj;J. //18// ve;j ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mjpfhutuk;gpw;Fs; mr;brhj;jpd; gFjp vJt[k; mike;Js;snjh. me;ePjpkd;wk; vd;Wk; bghUs;gLk;@/ 14/ 1956?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 8 kw;Wk; gphpt[ 8(2)?,d; kPWfpd;wtifapy;,ay;g[ fhg;ghsuhy; bra;ag;gl;l chpikkhw;wk; Fwpj;j tHf;Ffis,e;ePjpkd;wk; gd;Kiw ghprPypj;jJ/ gphpt[ 8(1) kw;Wk; 8(2)?I kPWk;tifapYs;s fpiuag; gj;jpuk; xU bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;f fpiuag; gj;jpukhFbkd,e;ePjpkd;wk; jPh;g;gspj;jJ/ bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;fJ vd;gJ gpshf;fpd; rl;l mfuhjp gj;jhtJ gjpg;gpy; fPH;f;fz;lthW bghUs; tiuaWf;fg;;gl;Ls;sJ:- @bry;Ygoahfhjtiu bry;Ye;jd;ika[ilaJ; Fwpg;ghf. (xg;ge;jk; xd;wpy;) jug;gpdh;fSs; xUthpd; tpUg;gj;jpd;nghpy; cWjpbra;anth. epuhfhpf;fnth,ay;tJ/ Vw;g[Wjp bra;ag;glyhk; vd;fpw bry;Ygoahfhj xU braiytpl bry;yhjjhf;fg;glyhk; vd;fpw xU bry;Ye;jd;ika[ila braiy,r;brhy; tpthpf;fpwJ/@ 15/ rhy;kz;L mth;fspd; rl;ltpay;. gd;dpuz;lhtJ gjpg;gpy; bry;Ye;jd;ik. bry;yhj;jd;ik. bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;fj;jd;ik Mfpatw;wpw;fpilnaahd ntWghl;il gpd;tUk; gj;jpapy; bjhptpj;Js;sJ:? @/// bry;Ye;jd;ikahd Xh; cld;gof;if vd;gJ jug;gpdh;fspd; fUj;jpw;fpz';f Kw;wpYk; braw;glj;jf;f xd;whFk;/ xU bry;yhj cld;gof;if vd;gJ jug;gpdh;fspd; cWjpf;Twg;gl;l capyhdJ. rl;lg;goahf braw;gLj;Jk; jpwid Kw;wpYk;,He;Jtpl;l epiyapy; rl;l m';fPfhuj;ijnah my;yJ rl;l xg;gspg;ignah bgw Kw;wpYk; jtwptpLfpwJ/ xU bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;f cld;gof;ifahdJ,t;tpU epiyfSf;Fk;,ilg;gl;lepiyapy; epw;fpwJ/,J,y;yh epiyajy;y/ Mdhy;,jDila braw;ghL epge;jidf;F //19// cl;gl;lnjad;wp KGikahdjy;y/ mjDila njhw;wepiyapnyna xUrpy Fiwg;ghl;od; fhuzkhf. mjd; jug;gpdh;fSs; xUthpd; tpUg;gg;go mJ mHpf;fg;glnth my;yJ,uj;J bra;ag;glnth jf;fjhFk;/,t;tjpfhuj;ijr; braw;gLj;Jtjd;nghpy;. cld;gof;ifahdJ VbjhU braw;gLj;Jk; jpwd;bgWtij Kot[f;F bfhz;LtUtnjhly;yhky; bjhlf;fj;jpnyna bry;Ygoahfhjjhff; fUjg;gLk;/ mjid jtph;g;gJ vd;gJ mJ bra;ag;gl;Ltpl;lgpd;ghd epiyiaf; Fwpg;gjhFk;/,JtiuapYk; mjw;Fhpa gz;ghf Twg;gl;Ls;s fw;gidahd my;yJ epfHf;Toa braw;gLj;Jk; jpwdhdJ. mJ xUnghJk;,y;yhjijg;nghd;W Kw;wpYkhf kiwe;JtpLfpwJ/ mjhtJ. xU bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;f cld;gof;if vd;gJ mjDila jug;gpdh;fSs; xUthpd; njh;t[f;nfw;g bry;yhjjhfnth. bry;Ye;jd;ikahdjhfnth bra;af;Toa xd;whFk;/@ 16/ Jue;jh; gpurhj; rp'; ?vjph;? b$a; gpufhc&; a{dpth;rpl;o kw;Wk; gyh;. (2001) 6 v!;/rp/rp/ 534 vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wkhdJ bry;Ygoahfhepiy. bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;fepiy,tw;Wf;fpilnaahd ntWghl;il Fwpg;gpl;oUe;jJ/ gj;jp vz; 22?,y; gpd;tUkhW tFj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ:- @22/,t;thwhf. bry;Ygoahfhepiya[k;. bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;fepiya[k; vd;w brhw;bwhlh;fs;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; kpfg;gy re;jh;g;g';fspy; ghprPyidf;Fhpa thjg;bghUshf,Ue;Jte;Js;sd/ @bry;Ygoahfhj@ vd;Dk; brhy; gd;Kff;TWfisf; bfhz;lJ/ eltof;iffs;. Kw;wpYk; Ms;tiuaw;w xUtifahd bry;Ygoahfh bray;fs;. jPh;g;ghizfs; aht[k; bjhlf;fj;jpnyna bry;Ygoahfhjit kw;Wk; mtw;iw jtph;g;gjw;fhd tpsk;g[ifnaJk; njitapy;iy. rl;lk; mtw;iwf; ftdj;jpy; vLj;Jf;bfhs;shJ mjid Jiz eltof;iffspnyh. ntWtifapnyh g[wf;fzpf;fyhk;/ //20// kw;bwhUtifahd bry;Ygoahfh bray; vd;gJ vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf tHf;Fj; Jiztuhyhd gpujpepjpj;Jtkpy;yhky; Xh;,stUf;bfjpuhd eltof;ifahf,Uf;fyhk;/ mj;jifabjhU eltof;if cyfk; KGtJk; vjph;nehf;Fk; xU ey;y eltof;ifahFk;/,stiug; bghWj;jkl;oy;. mth; mjid jtph;g;gjw;F jPh;khdpj;J. chpa eltof;ifapd; Jizbfhz;L mjid jtph;g;gjpy; btw;wpfz;oUe;jhy;. me;eltof;ifahdJ. bjhlf;fj;jpnyna bry;yhjjhfptpLfpwJ/ ntbwhUtifahd bry;Ygoahfh brayhdJ. bry;yhjjhf,y;yhky;. mjidj; jtph;g;gjw;fhf,Uf;Fkhdhy; tpsk;g[if bra;ag;glntz;Lk;/ bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;f bray; vd;gJ jtph;f;fg;glhjtiuapy; mJ rpwe;j brayhFk;/ vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf. Xh; Mtzk; nkhroahdJ kw;Wk;-my;yJ bgha;ahdJ kw;Wk; g[idag;gl;lJ vd;w tpsk;g[iff;fhd Xh; chpik tHf;F jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;oUf;Fkhapd;. mjd; btspg;gilahd tpla';fs;. cz;ikahd tpla';fshf,Ug;gjhy;.,J bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;fjhFk; kw;Wk; mjw;F khwhf mjidr; rhl;Liuf;Fk; xU jug;gpdh; mjid bka;g;gpf;Fk; flg;ghLilatuhthh;/ Mtzk;. bgha;ahdJ vd;nwh. g[idag;gl;lJ vd;nwh bka;g;gpf;fg;gl;L mjw;fhd tpsk;g[if bra;ag;gl;Ltpl;lhy;. eltof;ifahdJ kpf bjhlf;fj;jpypUe;nj bry;yhjjhfptpLfpwJ/ mJ bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;f eltof;ifahf,Uf;Fkhdhy;. ePf;fwt[ bra;ag;glntz;oajhFk; kw;Wk; mJ mt;thW ePf;fwt[ bra;ag;gl;l ehspypUe;nj jtph;f;fg;glntz;Lnkad;wp. mjw;F Kd;djhf VbjhUehspYk; my;y/ Mtzj;ij ePf;fwt[ bra;ahky; mjd; rl;ltpisitr; braw;gLj;jtpayhj neh;t[fspy;. mjid bry;yhjjhff; fUjg;glKoahJ/ Mdhy;. bjspthfnt mJ bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;fjhapUf;Fk;/@ //21// 17/ tpc&;thk;gh; kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? yc&;kpehuhaz; (,we;jth;) rl;lg;goahd rhh;ghsh;fs; K:ykhf kw;Wk; xUth;. (2001) 6 v!;/rp/rp/ 163 vd;w tHf;fpy; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mDkjpapd;wpa[k;. rl;lg;goahd njitapd;wpa[k; cilikkhw;wk; bra;ag;gl;lij vjph;f;fpd;w xU tHf;fhFk;.,ay;g[ fhg;ghsuhy; bra;ag;gl;l cilikkhw;wk; bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;fJ vd,e;ePjpkd;wk; jPh;g;gspj;jJ/ nkw;Twg;gl;l tHf;fpy;.,uz;L,sth;fspd;,ay;g[ fhg;ghsuhd jhahdth;.,sth; chpiktaij mila[k; Kd;dnu fpiuag; gj;jpuk; vGjpf;bfhLj;Js;shh;/,sth;fs; chpiktaij mile;jgpwF fpiuag; gj;jpu';fs; thjpfspd; chpikfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jhJ vd;Wk;. mit braw;glhjit vd;Wk; thJiuj;J chpik tHf;ifj; jhf;fy; bra;J. j';fSila g';fpw;Fhpa mstpw;F nkw;go fpiuag; gj;jpu';fis ePf;fwt[ bra;at[k;. epyj;jpd; cilikf;fhd chpik tHf;ifj; jPh;g;ghizaplt[k; ntz;odh;/ nkw;go tHf;fpy;. gphpt[ 8?I ghprPypj;jg;gpwF. thjpapd; ntz;Lnfhspd;go fpiuag; gj;jpu';fs; bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;fit vd,e;ePjpkd;wk; jPh;g;gspj;jJ/ nkYk;. tpw;fg;gl;l chpik tHf;Fr; brhj;Jfs;Fwpj;J thjpfs; VbjhU nfhhpf;ifa[k; bra;tjw;F Kd;dnu fpiuag; gj;jpu';fis ePf;fwt[ bra;antz;Lbkd thjpfs; nfhhpapUe;jhy;. mj;jifa ntz;Liuapdhy; thjpfSf;F xU gaDkpy;iy vd,e;ePjpkd;wk; jPh;g;gspj;jJ/ gj;jp vz; 9?,y; gpd;tUkhW jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ:- @9/ //////////mj;jifa N:H;epiyfspy;. cilikkhw;wk; bry;yhjjh> bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;fjh> vd;gnj nfs;tpahFk;/,e;J,sth; epiy kw;Wk; fhg;ghz;ikr; rl;lk;. 1956?,d; gphpt[ 8(2)?,y;.,ay;g[ fhg;ghsh;. ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;mDkjpapd;wp,sthpd; mirahr; brhj;jpd; gFjpbajida[k; chpikkhw;wk; bra;jyhfhbjd kw;wtw;Wf;fpilna tFj;Jiuj;Js;sJ/ nkw;go gphptpd; cl;gphpt[ (3)?,y;. cl;gphpt[ (2)?I kPWfpwtifapy;,ay;g[ fhg;ghsh; xUtuhy; mirahr; brhj;J vJt[k; jPh;t[ bra;ag;gLkhapd;.,sthpd; my;yJ mth;K:yk; chpiknfhUk; vtbuhUthpd; nfhhpf;ifapd;nghpy; mJ bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;fjhFk; vdj; bjspthf tifbra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ/ Mfnt.,';F chpik tHf;fpy; vjph;g;gpYs;s,yc&;kpgha; mth;fshy; //22// bra;ag;gl;l chpikkhw;w';fs; thjpfspd; ntz;Lnfhspd;go bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;fit vd;gjpy; Iankw;gLtjw;F rpwpJ tha;g;g[s;sJ kw;Wk; thjpfs; chpikkhw;w';fisj; jtph;f;ft[k;. th';fpath;fsplkpUe;J brhj;Jfis kPz;Lk;bgw tpUk;gpdhy; chpikkhw;w';fis ePf;fwt[ bra;at[k; ntz;LWj;jg;gLfpd;wdh;/ jpUj;jiktpw;F Kd;g[ cs;sthwhd tHf;Fiuapy; Kd;djhf Fwpg;gplg;gl;lthW. mjpy; fpiuag; gj;jpu';fis ePf;fwt[ bra;tjw;fhd ntz;Liu,y;iy/ mj;jifabjhU ntz;LiuahdJ. chpik tHf;fpd; thj';fisf; nfl;Fk;nghJ jpUj;jikt[ thapyhf,ilr;brUfg;gl;Ls;sjhfj; njhd;WfpwJ kw;Wk; tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk; jpUj;jpa ntz;Liuiag; ghprPypj;J. mjd; mog;gilapy; chpik tHf;if jPh;khdpj;jJ/ tpw;gid bra;ag;gl;l brhj;Jfs; Fwpj;J VnjhU nfhhpf;ifa[k; bra;a[k;Kd;dnu fpiuag; gj;jpu';fis ePf;fwt[ bra;a thjpfs; rl;lg;go nfhug;gLthh;fshapd;. mj;jifabjhU ntz;Liuapy;yhj Xh; chpik tHf;fhy; thjpfSf;F ve;jg; gaDkpy;iy/ thjpfs; midj;Jtpj';fspYk;.,e;j rpukj;ij czh;e;J. fpiuag; gj;jpu';fis ePf;fwt[ bra;tjw;fhd ntz;Liuia,ilr;brUFtjw;Fnfhhp tHf;Fiuapd; jpUj;jiktpw;fhd tpz;zg;gj;ijj; jhf;fy; bra;jdh;/ JujpUc&;ltrkhf.,t;t[zh;t[ kpft[k; jhkjkhf te;Js;sJ/ xj;Jf;bfhz;lgona. 2?Mk; thjpahd jpfk;gh; 05/08/1975 md;W chpiktaij mile;jhh; kw;Wk; 1?Mk; thjpahd tpc&;thk;gh; 20/07/1978 md;W chpiktaij mile;jhh;/ chpik tHf;F 30/11/1980 md;W jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;oUe;jhYk;. fpiuag; gj;jpu';fis ePf;fwt[ bra;af;nfhhp 1985?Mk; Mz;L ork;gh; jp';fspy; ntz;Liu bra;ag;gl;lJ/ fhg;ghsuhy; bra;ag;gl;Ls;s brhj;Jhpik khw;wj;ij chpiktaij mile;j ghJfhg;gpy; cs;stuhy; ePf;fwt[ bra;ag;gLtjw;fhd fhyk; K:d;W Mz;LfshFk; vd fhytiuaiwr; rl;lj;jpd; tFKiwf;TW 60 tiuaWj;Js;sJ kw;Wk; me;jf; fhyk; ghJfhg;gpy; cs;sth; chpiktaij mile;j njjpapypUe;J //23// fzf;fplg;glntz;Lk;/ thjpfs; chpiktaij mile;j njjpapypUe;J fhytiuaiw bjhl';fptpl;ljhy;. jpfk;giu bghWj;jkl;oy;. tHf;Fiuj; jhf;fy; bra;j njjpad;W tiuaWf;fg;gl;l fhykhdJ fle;Jtpl;lJ/ Mifahy;. jpfk;guhy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l chpiktHf;if tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk; rhpahfnt js;Sgo bra;jJ/ chpik tHf;ifj; js;Sgo bra;j tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuahdJ mtuhy; vjph;f;fg;gltpy;iy/ thjpfSs; xUtuhy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l chpik tHf;F fhytiuaiwf;Fs;,Ue;jJ vd mDkhdpj;jhY';Tl chpik tHf;F KGtija[k; fhytiuaiw vd;w fhuzj;jpd;nghpy; js;Sgo bra;aKoahJ; jpfk;guhy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l chpik tHf;fpd; js;Sgoia vjph;j;Jiuf;fhjepiyapy;. Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk;. tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mg;gFjpapd; Kotpy; jiyapl;oUf;ff;TlhJ/ tpc&;thk;guhy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l chpik tHf;ifg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. mJ tiuaWf;fg;gl;l fhytiuaiwf;Fs; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;oUe;Jk;. mjpy; fpiuag; gj;jpu';fis ePf;fwt[ bra;tjw;fhd ntz;Liuapy;iy/ fpiuag; gj;jpu';fis ePf;fwt[ bra;ahky;. chpikkhw;wg;gl;l brhj;Jfspd; cilikia kPl;lspg;gjw;fhd nfhhpf;if bra;ag;gl;oUf;ff;TlhJ vd;gjhy;. bjhlf;fj;jpy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l chpik tHf;F epiyf;fj;jf;fjy;y/ tHf;Fiuiaj; jpUj;jpajd;K:yk; mj;jifabjhU ntz;Liuia,ilr;brUfpajhy; me;j njjpapd;go (ork;gh; 1985) FiwghL rhpbra;ag;gl;Ltpl;ljhy;. mj;jifa ghpfhuj;ijf; nfhUtjw;fhd eph;zapf;fg;gl;l fhytiuaiwahdJ fle;Jtpl;lJ/,r;N:H;epiyapy; tHf;Fiuapd; jpUj;jkhdJ. thjpiaf; fhg;ghw;w tuKoahJ/@ 18/ mnj tpistpidf; bfhz;l,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuahd khnjft[lh (,we;jth;) rl;lg;goahd rhh;ghsh;fs; K:ykhf ?vjph;? m';nfft[lh (,we;jth;) rl;lg;goahd rhh;ghsh;fs; K:ykhf kw;Wk; gyh;. (2002) 1 v!;/rp/rp/ 178 vd;w tHf;fpd; 25?Mk; gj;jpapy; gpd;tUkhW jPh;g;gspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ:- //24// @25/ //////////////,stuhdth; chpiktaij mile;jgpd;g[. chpikkhw;wj;jpw;fhd tha;g;g[ vGfpd;wnghbjy;yhk; VbjhU tpjj;jpYk; mjid kWj;jypf;fyhk;/ mtd;-mts; chpiktaij mile;jgpd;g[ brhj;jpy; me;j MQqf;F-bgz;Qqf;F,Uf;Fk; ghj;jpaijia rl;lhPjpahdKiwapy; chpikkhw;wk; bra;thuhapd;. mjw;F me;j MQqila-bgz;Qqila chpikK:yj;ij cWjpbra;jny.,sth;. epfH;epiy fhg;ghsh;-nkyhsuhy; bra;ag;gl;l chpikkhw;wj;ij kWjypj;Js;shh; vd;gijf; fhz;gpf;f nghJkhdjhFk;/@ 19/ nkYk;,e;ePjpkd;wk; e';fhsp mk;kh gthdp mk;kh ?vjph;? nfhghyfpUc&;zd; ehah; kw;Wk; gyh;. (2004) 8 v!;/rp/rp/ 785 vd;w tHf;fpy; gphpt[ 8(2)?I kPWfpd;wtifapy; cilikkhw;wk; bra;jJ bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;fjhFk; vd;W jPh;g;gspj;Js;sJ. mjid bry;yhjjhf jPh;g;gspg;gJ.,aw;Wr; rl;lj;jpd; bjspthd thh;j;ijfSf;F mJ Kuz;ghlhf,Ug;gnjhld;wp.,sth; chpiktaij miltjd;nghpyhd me;eltof;ifia cWjpbra;anth. bry;Ygoahf;fnth bra;a[k;,sthpd; chpikia gwpg;gjhfptpLk;/ gj;jp vz; 8?,y; gpd;tUkhW jPh;g;gspf;fg;gl;lJ:- @8/ gad;gLj;jg;gl;l bjspthd bkhHpeiliaf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;L. cl;gphpt[ (2)?I kPwp.,ay;g[ fhg;ghsuhy; epiwntw;wg;gl;l eltof;ifahdJ bry;yhjjy;ybad;whYk;.,sthpd; ntz;Lnfhspd;go mJ bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;fnjahFk;/ gphpt[ 8(2)?I kPwpa eltof;if bry;yhjbjd jPh;g;gspg;gJ.,aw;Wr; rl;lj;jpd; bjspthd thh;j;ijfSf;F mJ Kuz;ghlhf,Ug;gnjhld;wp.,sth; chpiktaij miltjd;nghpy; me;eltof;ifia cWjpbra;anth. bry;Ygoahf;fnth bra;a[k;,sthpd; chpikiag; gwpg;gjhfptpLk;//////////@ //25// 20/ thjpfshy; cilikf;fhd ghpfhuk; nfhug;gLtjw;F Kd;g[.,sth; my;yJ mthpd; rhh;ghsh;fspd; ntz;Lnfhspd;go. bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;fjhd chpik khw;w';fs; ePf;fwt[ bra;ag;glntz;oa[s;sJ/ fpiuag; gj;jpu';fis ePf;fwt[ bra;tjw;fhd ntz;Liuapd;wp thjpfs; rhh;gpy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l chpik tHf;fhdJ. Kiwahf mikf;fg;glhjjhy; jPh;g;ghiz gpwg;gpj;jpUf;ff;TlhJ/ tHf;bfGtpdh vz; 3 21/ thjpfs; rhh;ghf 24/03/1986?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;L vGjpf;bfhLf;fg;gl;l tpLjiyahtzj;jpd; K:yk;. gyuhkdhy; bra;ag;gl;l chpikkhw;wk; kWjypf;fg;gl;ljh> vd;gnj tpdhthFk;/ tpLjiyahtzk; gpd;dpizg;g[ gp/1?Mf gjpthtzj;jpy; bfhz;Ltug;gl;Ls;sJ/ gpujpthjpfspd; rhh;ghf gyuhkdhy; bra;ag;gl;l chpikkhw;wj;jpd; Fwpg;g[iu vJt[k;,Ue;jJ vd;gJ tpLjiyahtzj;ijg; ghh;itapl;ljpypUe;J VJk; bjhpatpy;iy/,sthpd; rhh;ghf gyuhkdhy; bra;ag;gl;l chpikkhw;wk; gw;wpa Fwpg;g[iu VJkpy;iy vd;w epiyapy;.,sthpd; rhh;ghd nfhhpf;if kWjypf;fg;gl;Ltpl;ljhy; tpLjiyahtzj;ij gof;Fk; tha;g;gpidg; bgwtpy;iy/ gphpt[ 8(3).,stUf;nfh my;yJ mth; K:yk; chpiknfhUk; xUtUf;nfh chpik mspf;fpwJ. @,sthpd; my;yJ mth; K:yk; chpiknfhUk; xUthpd; ntz;Lnfhspd;go@ vd;gJ gphpt[ 8(3)?,y; cs;s bjhlh;g[ila thh;j;ijfshFk;/,t;thwhf.,sthpd; rhh;ghf bra;ag;gLk; chpikkhw;wkhdJ,stuhnyh my;yJ mth; K:yk; chpiknfhUk; xUtuhnyh jtph;f;fg;gltplyhk;/ xUntis chpiktaij mila[k;Kd;g[,sth;,we;Jtpl;lhy;. re;njfnkapd;wp. mtUila rl;lg;goahd thhpRfs; chpikkhw;wj;ij jtph;f;Fk; chpikiag; bgWthh;fs;/ 22/ gphpt[ 8?,d; cl;gphpt[ (3)?,d; fUj;jpd;go. Xh;,stUila mirahr; brhj;jpd; tpw;gidiaj; jLg;gjw;fhf.,sth; my;yJ mth;K:yk; chpiknfhUk; xUth; tHf;F eltof;ifiaf; bfhz;Ltuntz;Lk;. mjhtJ. tiuaWf;fg;gl;l //26// fhytiuaiwf;Fs; chpik tHf;ifj; jhf;fy; bra;antz;Lk; vd;gJ vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsUf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"uhy; vGg;gg;gl;l thjkhFk;/ 23/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h; mt;thjj;ij kWj;J mirahr; brhj;jpd; tpw;gidia Xh;,stuhy; ve;jKiwapYk; jtph;f;fg;glyhk; vd thjpl;lhh;/,sth; my;yJ mth;K:yk; chpiknfhUk; xUth; fpiuag; gj;jpuj;ij jtph;g;gjw;fhd chpik tHf;if bfhz;LtUtjw;fhd mtrpakpy;iy vd rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ 24/ gphpt[ 8?,d; cl;gphpt[ (1) my;yJ cl;gphpt[ (2)?I kPWfpwtifapy;,ay;g[ fhg;ghsh; xUtuhy; mirahr; brhj;J vJt[k; jPh;t[ bra;ag;gLtJ bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;fbjd eh';fs; fz;nlhk;/ xU gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l fpiuag; gj;jpuk; bry;yhjjhf;fg;gLfpwnghJ. rl;lg;go mJ bry;yhjjhf;fg;gLk;tiu mJ bry;Ye;jd;ika[ilajhFk;/ xU gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l fpiuag; gj;jpuj;jhy; mspf;fg;gl;l chpikfshdit xl;Lbkhj;j kf;fSf;Fk; kpft[k; eyk;gag;gdthFk; kw;Wk;,sthpd; my;yJ mth;K:yk; chpiknfhUk; xUthpd; ntz;Lnfhspd;go.,stUila brhj;ij,ay;g[ fhg;ghsh; tpw;whbudpy;. tpw;gidia kWjypf;fyhk;/ bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;fjhd Xh; Mtzj;ij mjDila rl;ltpisit epiwntw;Wtjw;F Kd;ng cs;sgona ePf;fwt[ bra;ag;glntz;Lk;/ nfhuf; ehj; Jng ?vjph;? cwhp enud; rp'; kw;Wk; gyh;. (1973) 2 v!;/rp/rp/ 535. vd;w tHf;fpy; bry;yhj kw;Wk; bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;f Mtzj;Jf;fpilnaahd ntWghl;il mwpa[k;tifapy;,e;ePjpkd;wk; jPh;g;gspj;jjhtJ: @5/ /////////Xh; Mtzk; Kw;wpYkhf my;yJ gFjpahf bry;yhjjhf,Uf;Fkplj;J VnjDk; ePjpkd;wj;jhnyh my;yJ mjpfhu Maj;jhnyh mJ bghUl;gLj;jg;glhjpUf;Fk; neh;tpYk; kw;Wk; mJ rl;ltpisit bgWtjw;FKd;dnu cs;sgoahf ePf;fwt[ bra;ag;gl;L Kot[f;F bfhz;Ltuntz;Lkplj;Jk; vd;gdtw;Wf;fpilnaahd ntWghlwpayhk;/ chpikkhw;wk; bra;tjw;fhf mjpfhuj;ij kPwp //27// bra;ag;gLk; cilikkhw;wk; mjpfhuj;ij kPwpa mstpw;F bry;yhjjhFk;/ mj;jifabjhU bray;nehf;fj;Jld; bra;ag;gLk; cilikkhw;wj;jpd; tpisthf tH';fg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iuahdJ. xU';fpize;j eltof;iffspd; thjg;bghUshf,Uf;fpd;w epyj;jpd; chpikfs; my;yJ ghj;jpaijf;fhd Kuzhd nfhhpf;iffs; rk;ge;jg;gl;l xU gpur;rpidapd; jPh;Kotpy; mtrpak; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;//////////@ 25/ mkph;jk; FLk;gh ?vjph;? rh;zk; FLk;gd;. (1991) 3 v!;/rp/rp/ 20 vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;J,sth;epiy kw;Wk; fhg;ghz;ikr; rl;lk; 1956?,d; gphpt[ 8(3)?,d; tifaj;ijg; ghprPypf;f,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F tha;g;gpUe;jJ/ gj;jp 5?,y; tHf;fpd; bghUz;ikfs; ftdj;jpy; vLj;Jf;bfhs;sg;gl;lJ. mit gpd;tUkhW: @5/ bjhlh;g[ila bghUz;ikfshtd. tHf;Fr; brhj;J tPuk;khs; vd;gtUf;F brhe;jkhdJ/ mtUf;F fhspak;khs; vd;w bgaUila xU kfs;,Ue;jhs;/ tPuk;khs; 1948?Mk; Mz;oy; brhj;ij th';fpa gpd;g[ FWfpa fhyj;jpnyna,we;Jtpl;lhh;/ mtUila fzth; fe;ja;ahita[k; mth;fSila kfs; fhspak;khisa[k; mth; tpl;Lr;brd;whh;/ gpd;dpl;L. fe;ja;ah. mtUila kfs; fhspak;khs;,stuhf,Uf;Fk;nghJ.,uz;lhtJ jpUkzk; g[hpe;Jbfhz;lhh;/ mjw;Fg;gpd;dh;. mts;. mtSila je;ijapd; tPl;iltpl;lfd;W jha;tHp ghl;ldhU[ld; trpj;Jte;jhs;/ mth; mtisg; ghJfhj;J ngzpte;jhh;/ mts;,stuhapUe;jnghJ. fe;ja;ah. 1959?Mk; Mz;L mf;nlhgh; jp';fs; 29?Mk; ehsd;W b$a;Eyht[jPd; vd;gtUf;F brhj;ij tpw;whh;/ b$a;Eyht[jPd; 1966?Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; jp';fs; 25?Mk; ehsd;W mjid gpujpthjp? nky;KiwaPl;lhsUf;F tpw;Wtpl;lhh;/ gpd;dpl;L. 1966?Mk; Mz;L nk jp';fs; 26?Mk; ehsd;W thjp. fhspak;khsplkpUe;J jd; rhh;ghf tHf;Fr; brhj;jpd; fpiuag; gj;jpuj;ij bgw;Wf;bfhz;lnghJ. fhspak;khs; chpiktaij //28// mile;Jtpl;lhs;/ mjd;gpwF. thjp fe;ja;ahthy; bra;ag;gl;l brhj;jpd; chpikkhw;wj;ij ePf;fwt[ bra;tjw;fhft[k; kw;Wk; mjDila cilikia kPsg;bgWtjw;fhft[k; nky;KiwaPl;lhsUf;F vjpuhf jw;nghija chpik tHf;F (K/t/ vz; 491-1968)?I bjhLj;jhh;/@ 26/ nkw;go tHf;fpy; ghprPyidf;Fhpa tpdhf;fSs; xd;W.,sth; chpiktaij mile;jgpd;g[. mthplkpUe;J chpikkhw;wk; bgWgth;.,sthpd; fhg;ghsuhy; bra;ag;gl;l cilikkhw;wj;ij ePf;fwt[ bra;a chpik tHf;ifj; jhf;fy; bra;ayhkh> my;yJ mt;t[hpikahdJ,stuhy; kl;Lnk bray;;gLj;jg;glntz;Lkh> vd;gnjahFk;/ mj;jifabjhU fpiuaj;ij kWjypf;f chpika[ila xU egh;,stnuh my;yJ mth;K:yk; chpiknfhUk; xUtuha;jhd;,Ug;gh;/,stnuh my;yJ mtUila,wg;g[ epfH;tjd;nghpy; mthpd; rl;lg;goahd rhh;ghsnuh my;yJ kug[hpikahftd;wp ed;bfhilahd chpikkhw;wj;jpd; fhuzkhf,sthpd; K:yk; chpiknfhUk; mthpd; chpikg; gpd;dtnuh. mj;jif Xh; chpik tHf;fpw;fhd tiuaWf;fg;gl;l fhyj;jpw;Fs; mjhtJ. K:d;W Mz;LfSf;Fs; tHf;F eltof;if bfhz;Ltug;glntz;Lk;/ gj;jp 9?,y; gpd;tUkhW tFj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ: @9/,sthpd; ed;ikf;fy;yhj ntnwjw;fhfnth my;yJ ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;mDkjpia bgwhknyh,ay;g[ fhg;ghsuhy; mirahr; brhj;J vJt[k; jPh;t[ bra;ag;gLtJ bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;fjhFk; vd;gJ,t;t[l;gphptpd; gad;tpisthFk;/ mj;jifabjhU fpiuaj;ij kWjypf;Fk; chpika[ila xU egh;,stnuh my;yJ mth; K:yk; chpik nfhUgtnuhjhd;,Ug;gh;/,jd; bghUs; vd;dbtdpy;.,sth; my;yJ mthpd;,wg;g[ epfG';fhy; mthpd; rl;lg;goahd rhh;ghsh; my;yJ kug[hpikahftd;wp ed;bfhilahd chpikkhw;wj;jpd; fhuzkhf,sth;K:yk; chpiknfhUk; chpikg; gpd;dth; Mfpnahh;fs; mj;jifa //29// Xh; chpik tHf;fpw;fhf tiuaWf;fg;gl;l fhyj;jpw;Fs; mjhtJ. epytuj;jpw;nfw;g,sth; kuzkile;j my;yJ chpiktaij mile;j njjpapypUe;J K:d;W Mz;LfSf;Fs; tHf;F eltof;if bfhz;Ltu ntz;Lk;/ jw;nghija tHf;fpy; fPHik ePjpkd;w';fshy; fz;lwpag;gl;lthW chpik tHf;fhdJ.,sth; chpiktaij mile;jgpwF K:d;W Mz;LfSf;Fs; bfhz;Ltug;gl;Ls;sJ/@ 27/ nkw;go tpc&;thk;gh; kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;?,yl;Rkpehuhaz; (,we;jth;) rl;lg;goahd rhh;ghsh;fs; K:ykhf kw;Wk; xUth; vd;w tHf;fpy; thjpfs;. tpw;fg;gl;l brhj;Jfs; Fwpj;j nfhUhpikfs; vJt[k; bra;tjw;F Kd;ghf. rl;lg;go fpiuag; gj;jpu';fis ePf;fwt[ bra;ag;glntz;Lkhjyhy;. mj;jifa ntz;Liuaw;w chpik tHf;fhy; thjpfSf;F ve;jg; gaDkpy;iy vd,e;ePjpkd;wk; fUj;jwptpj;Js;sJ/ 28/ gphpt[ 8(3)?,d; fPH; bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;f xU fpiuaj;ij ePf;fwt[ bra;tJ vd;gJ gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l fpiuag; gj;jpuj;ij kWjypg;gjw;F njitahFk; vd,e;ePjpkd;wk; gd;Kiw jPh;g;gspj;jJ/ midj;J tHf;FfspYk;,sth;. mirahr; brhj;ij jPh;t[ bra;tij kWjypf;Fkplj;jhd midj;J tHf;FfspYk; chpik tHf;iff; bfhz;LtUtJ mtrpakhFk; vd eh';fs; jPh;g;gspj;jpUg;gpDk;. eh';fs; mij g[hpe;Jbfhs;shkypUf;fpnwhk;/ m';F mirahr; brhj;jpd; bghUl;gpizia njhw;Wtpj;jnyh my;yJ Fj;jifianah gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l Mtzj;jpd; K:ykhf bra;ahky; nghfyhk;/ mirahr; brhj;ij jPh;t[ bra;tij kWjypg;gjw;fhd chpik tHf;iff; bfhz;LtUtJ mtrpakh> my;yJ mJ ntnwnjDk; tpjj;jpy; bra;ag;glyhkh vd;gJ xt;bthU tHf;fpd; bghUz;ikiar; rhh;e;jpUf;fyhk;/ jw;nghija tHf;fpy; xU gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l fpiua Mtzj;jpd; K:yk;,sthpd;,ay;g[ fhg;ghsuhy; mirahr; brhj;J jPh;t[ bra;jiyf; Fwpj;J mf;fiwbfhz;Ls;sjhy;. eh';fs;.,sthpd;,ay;g[ fhg;ghsuhy; gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l Mtzj;jpd; K:yk; mirahr; brhj;ij chpikkhw;wk; bra;tJFwpj;J kl;Lnk v';fsJ ghprPyid kw;Wk; tpthjj;ij tiuaWj;Jf;bfhs;fpnwhk;/ //30// 29/,e;J,sth;epiy kw;Wk; fhg;ghz;ikr; rl;lk;. 1956?I,aw;wpa gpd;g[ ehlhSkd;wj;jhy; fhytiuaiwr; rl;lk;. 1963,aw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ/ fhytiuaiwr; rl;lk;. 1963?,d; tFKiwf;TW 60 @jPh;g;ghizfs; kw;Wk; Kiwahtz';fs; Fwpj;j chpik tHf;FfSf;fhd@ fhytiuaiw Fwpj;J tifbra;fpwJ/ ghJfhg;gpYs;s xUthpd; fhg;ghsuhy; bra;ag;gLk; brhj;jpd; chpikkhw;wj;ij ePf;fwt[ bra;tjw;fhd chpik tHf;F Fwpj;J fhytiuaiwiar; rl;lk; fUj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. mjw;fhd fhytiuahdJ K:d;W Mz;Lfs; vd fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ chpik tHf;F xd;wpd; fhytiuaiwia. fhytiuaiwr; rl;lj;jpd; tFKiwf;TW 60 tifbra;jpUe;jhY';Tl. ghJfhg;gpYs;s xUthpd; fhg;ghsuhy; bra;ag;gl;l brhj;jpd; chpikkhw;wj;ij ePf;fwt[ bra;a[k; chpik tHf;F fUj;jpw;bfhs;sg;gLfpwJ vd;gija[k; bjspthf Rl;of;fhl;LfpwJ/ 30/ khnjft[lh (,we;jth;) rl;lg;goahd rhh;ghsh;fs; K:ykhf ?vjph;? M';nfft[lh (,we;jth;) rl;lg;goahd rhh;ghsh;fs; K:ykhf kw;Wk; gyh;. (2002) 1 v!;/rp/rp/ 178 vd;w tHf;fpy; mwpf;ifaplg;gl;l,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuia eh';fs; fz;nlhk;/,e;ePjpkd;wk; nkw;go tHf;fpy;.,e;J,sth;epiy kw;Wk; fhg;ghz;ikr; rl;lk;. 1956?,d; gphpt[ 11?I ghprPypf;Fk; tha;g;g[ bgw;wpUe;jJ/ nkw;go tHf;fpy;,sthpd; fhg;ghsuhf bray;glf;Toa mtuJ rnfhjhp gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l Mtzj;jpd; K:yk; mirahr; brhj;ij tpw;Wtpl;lhh;/ nkw;go Fwpg;gPl;oy;,e;ePjpkd;wk; gpd;tUk; fUj;Jiuj;jpUe;jJ: @25/ //////////Iag;ghl;ow;fplkpd;wp.,sthpd; rnfhjhpahd jpUkjp khjk;kh rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 4(gp)?,y; bghUs;tiuaWf;fg;gl;lthwhd @fhg;ghsh;@ my;y/ Mfnt. mtiu @epfH;t[epiy fhg;ghsuhf@ kl;Lnk my;yJ kpft[k; bghUj;jkhfr; brhd;dhy; @epfH;t[epiy nkyhsh;@?Mfj;jhd; vLj;Jf;bfhs;sg;glKoa[k;/ mj;jifabjhU tHf;fpy; Xh; chpikkhw;wj;jpw;F rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 11 ed;F //31// bghUe;JfpwJ/ Mfnt.,g;gphptpd; fPH; tifbra;ag;gl;Ls;s btspg;gilahd jilapid kPwp epfH;t[epiy fhg;ghsh;-nkyhsuhy; bra;ag;gLk;,sthpd; ghf;fpaijapd; chpikkhw;wnk bry;yhJ vd;gjpy; re;njfkiltjw;F rpwpJ tha;g;gpUf;fpwJ/ mj;jifa bry;yhj chpikkhw;wk; bra;ag;gLk; tHf;Ffspy;. rl;lj;njitg;ghL cs;sjh.,y;iyah vd;gJ bjhlh;g[ilajy;y/ mj;jifabjhU cilikkhw;wj;jpid bgWgth; brhj;jpd; ghj;jpaij vJt[k; bgwkhl;lhh;/ mj;jifabjhU bry;yhj eltof;ifahdJ. chpiktHf;F xd;iwj; jhf;fy; bra;tjhnyh my;yJ ePjpKiw eltof;ifbaLg;gjhnyh ePf;fwt[ bra;ag;glntz;oajpy;iy/ Xh;,sth;. chpiktaij mile;jgpd;g[. chpikkhw;wj;jpid kWjypg;gjw;fhf re;jh;g;gk; fpilf;Fk;nghJ mjid vt;tpjj;jpYk; kWjypf;fyhk;/ chpiktaij mile;j gpd;g[. Xh; Mnzh-bgz;nzh brhj;jpy; jdJ chpikK:yj;ij cWjpbra;J. rl;lhPjpahd Kiwapy; mjpy; jd;Dila ghj;jpaijia khw;wpapUg;ghuhdhy;. @epfH;epiy fhg;ghsh;-nkyhsh;@?My; bra;ag;gl;l chpikkhw;wj;ij,sth; kWj;jypj;Js;shh; vd fhz;gpf;f,J nghJkhdjhFk;/@ 31/ nkw;go fUj;Jiufs;. 1956?Mk; Mz;L rl;lg;gphpt[ 11?,d;goahf,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; tH';fg;gl;lJ/,sthpd; brhj;ij jPh;t[ bra;tjpypUe;J,sthpd; @epfH;t[epiy fhg;ghsh;@ kPJ xU rl;lhPjpahd jil tpjpj;jiy rl;lg;gphpt[ 11 bfhz;Ls;sJ/ Mjyhy;. epfH;t[epiy fhg;ghsuhy; bra;ag;gl;l chpikkhw;wkhdJ bry;yhJ. mJ vt;tpjj;jpYk; kWjypf;fg;glyhk;/,stnuh my;yJ mth; K:yk; chpiknfhUk; xUtnuh. xU bry;yhj Mtzj;ij ePf;fwt[ bra;tjw;fhd chpik tHf;F xd;iwj; jhf;fy; bra;tjw;fhd mtrpakpy;iy vd;gJ ed;F mWjpaplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ xU bry;yhj Mtzj;ijg; g[wf;fzpf;fyhk;/ rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 8(3)?d; fPH;,ay;g[ fhg;ghsuhy; bra;ag;gLk; chpikkhw;wj;jpw;F nkw;go fUj;Jiufs; bghUe;jf;Toaitahf jPh;g;gspf;fg;gl,ayhJ/ / //32// 32/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"uhy; rhh;t[wg;gl;l,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; kw;WbkhU jPh;g;g[iuia eh';fs; fz;nlhk;. mjhtJ $p/ mz;zhkiy gps;is ?vjph;? khtl;l tUtha; mYtyh; kw;Wk; gyh;. (1993) 2 v!;/rp/rp/ 402/ nkw;go tHf;fpy; ghprPyidf;fhf vGk; tpdhthdJ gpd;tUk; thrf';fspy; jPh;g;g[iuapd; 1?Mk; gj;jpapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ: @1/,k;nky;KiwaPl;oy; ghprPyidf;fhd RUf;fkhd nfs;tp ahbjdpy;.,e;J,sth;epiy kw;Wk; fhg;ghz;ikr; rl;lk;. 1956 (rl;lk;) gphpt[ 8(3)?,d;go bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;f gpur;rpidf;Fhpa Fj;jif MtzkhdJ Kiwg;goahf kWjypf;fg;gLfpwnghJ. me;eltof;ifia bry;yhjjhf;ft[k; kw;Wk; bjhlf;f epiyapypUe;nj braw;gLj;jj;jfhjjhf;ft[k; Fj;jif Mtzj;jpd; njjpapypUe;J mJ braw;ghl;oy;,Ue;Jte;jjh>/@ 33/ gpur;rpidf;Fhpa epyk; $dhh;j;jdd; vd;gtUf;F brhe;jkhdjhFk;/ mtUila je;ij g[Unc&hj;jkd; 12/12/1971 md;W nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; rhh;gpy; gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l Fj;jif Mtzj;ij vGjpf;bfhLj;j njjpad;W mjd; chpikahsh;,stuhapUe;jhh;/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;. jd;id Fj;jifjhuuhf gjpt[ bra;af;nfhhp. tl;lhl;rpah; Kd;g[ tpz;zg;gj;ijj; jhf;fy; bra;jhh;. mJ $dhh;j;jddhy; vjph;f;fg;gl;lJ/ epyk; bjhlh;ghd eltof;ifbaLf;Fk; chpiknah my;yJ chpikK:ynkh jdJ je;ijf;F,y;iy vd;Wk; jdJ je;ijahy; vGjpf;bfhLf;fg;gl;l Fj;jif,e;J,sth;epiy kw;Wk; fhg;ghz;ikr; rl;lk;. 1956?,d; gphpt[ 8?I kPwpatifapy; cs;sJ vd;Wk; $dhh;j;jdd; thjpl;lhh;/ mJ bry;yj;jf;f Fj;jif,y;iybad tl;lhl;rpah; jPh;khdpj;J mt;t[j;jut[ cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; cWjp bra;ag;gl;lJ. mj;jPh;g;g[iuf;F vjpuhf nky;KiwaPL jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;lJ/ gj;jpfs; 5 kw;Wk; 6?,y; gpd;tUkhW tFj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ: //33// @5/ jug;gpdh;fSf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiufspd; thj';fis eh';fs; nfl;lwpe;njhk;/ tUtha; mYtyh;fspd; MizfSk;. ePjpg;nguhiz nky;KiwaPl;oy; fw;wwpe;j jdpePjpaurhpd; jPh;g;g[iua[k;. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; ePjpah; <uhaj;jpd; jPh;;g;g[iua[k; v';fsplk; tphpthf vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ Muk;gj;jpy; v';fshy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l ? nfs;tpf;F cah; ePjpkd;w ePjpah; <uhak;. xU jPh;g;gpy; bjspthd tifapy; cld;ghlhft[k; ? nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd mz;zhkiy gps;isf;F vjpuhft[k; gpd;tUk; fhuz';fspd;nghpy; gjpYiuj;jJ: @,e;J,sth;epiy kw;Wk; fhg;ghz;ikr; rl;lk;. 1956?,d; gphpt[ 8?,d; rl;lf;TW (3) me;j eltof;ifia jpl;ltl;lkhf bry;yhjjhf;FfpwJ vd;gij Vw;bfdnt fz;Ls;nshk;/,t;tHf;fpy; fhg;ghsuhy; vGjpf;bfhLf;fg;gl;l Fj;jif jil bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. mjhtJ mJ mjpfhuk; VJkw;wJ/ rl;l braw;jpwdpd;nghpYk;. bry;Ye;jd;ikahd. bry;yhjjhd kw;Wk; bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;fjhd cld;gof;iffSf;fpilnaahd ntWghl;od;nghpYk; rhy;kz;l; mth;fspd; rl;ltpay;. gd;dpuz;lhtJ gjpg;g[ gf;fk; 341?,y; gpd;tUk; gj;jpapy; eh';fs; fz;lwpe;jjhtJ: */// bry;Ye;jd;ikahd Xh; cld;gof;if vd;gJ. jug;gpdh;fspd; fUj;jpw;fpz';f. Kw;wpYk; braw;glj;jf;f xd;whFk;/ xU bry;yhj cld;gof;if vd;gJ jug;gpdh;fspd; cWjpf;Twg;gl;l capyhdJ. rl;lg;goahf braw;gLj;Jk; jpwid Kw;wpYk;,He;Jtpl;lepiyapy; rl;l m';fPfhuj;ijnah my;yJ rl;l xg;gspg;ignah bgw Kw;wpYk; jtwptpLfpwJ/ xU bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;f cld;gof;ifahdJ,t;tpUepiyfSf;Fk;,ilg;gl;lepiyapy; epw;fpwJ/,J,y;yhepiyajy;y. Mdhy;,jDila //34// braw;ghL epge;jidf;Fl;gl;lnjad;wp KGikahdjy;y/ mjDila njhw;wepiyapnyna xUrpy Fiwg;ghl;od; fhuzkhf. mjd; jug;gpdh;fSs; xUthpd; tpUg;gg;go mJ mHpf;fg;glnth my;yJ,uj;J bra;ag;glnth jf;fjhFk;/,t;tjpfhuj;ijr; braw;gLj;Jtjd;nghpy;. cld;gof;ifahdJ VbjhU braw;gLj;Jk; jpwd;bgWtij Kot[f;F bfhz;LtUtnjhly;yhky; bjhlf;fj;jpnyna bry;Yk;goahfhjjhff; fUjg;gLk;/ mjid jtph;g;gJ vd;gJ mJ bra;ag;gl;Ltpl;lgpd;ghd epiyiaf; Fwpg;gjhFk;/,JtiuapYk; mjw;Fhpa gz;ghf Twg;gl;Ls;s fw;gidahd my;yJ epfHf;Toa braw;gLj;Jk; jpwdhdJ. mJ xUnghJk;,y;yhjijg;nghd;W Kw;wpYkhf kiwe;JtpLfpwJ/ mjhtJ. xU bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;f cld;gof;if vd;gJ mjDila jug;gpdh;fSs; xUthpd; njh;t[f;nfw;g bry;yhjjhfnth. bry;Ye;jd;ikahdjhfnth bra;af;Toa xd;whFk;/* nkYk;.,t;ntWghlhdJ. rj;Fh; gpurhj; ?vjph;? cwhpenud; jh!;?,y; mwpf;ifaplg;gl;l,';fpyhe;J muritf; FGtpd; jPh;g;g[iuapYk; kw;Wk; v!;/vd;/Mh;/ Re;ju uht; kw;Wk; rd;!;. kJiu ? vjph;? rp/I/o/?,y; ePjpah; <uhaj; jPh;g;g[iuapYk; ePjpaKiwapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ ePjpah; <uhakhdJ. nkw;go,';fpyhe;J muritf; FGtpd; jPh;g;g[iuia bjhlh;e;J. gpd;tUkhW jPh;khdpj;jJ: *cilikkhw;wj;ij vjph;g;gjw;F chpika[ila xU egh;. mt;thW vjph;f;fpwnghJ. me;j vjph;g;ghdJ mt;tifapyhd eltof;if bjhlh;ghf,Uf;fntz;Lnkad;wp. mjw;F vjph;g;g[ bjhptpj;j ehspypUe;J chpikkhw;wk; bgw;wthpd; RthjPdj;jpw;fhdjhf,Uf;ff;TlhJ/ //35// Mfnt rhd;wpd; tpist[ vd;gJ. rl;lg;go me;eltof;if xUnghJk; eilbgwtpy;iy vd;wthwhd Kot[ld; me;eltof;ifia mfw;WtnjahFk;/* Ie;jhk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;. jd;Dila je;ijahd ehd;fhk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhy; vGjpf;bfhLf;fg;gl;l Fj;jifia kWjypf;fpwnghJ. Fj;jifahdJ mjDila bjhlf;fj;jpypUe;nj bry;yhjjhfptpLfpwJ. Mfnt. rl;lg;goahd chpikfs; vJt[k;,jpYs;s nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; rhh;ghf nrh;e;jilahJ vd;gjpy; v';fSf;F Iag;ghL VJkpy;iy/ 6/ cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; ePjpah; <uhaj;jhy; bfhLf;fg;gl;l fhuz tpsf;fj;JlDk;. vLf;fg;gl;l Kot[fSlDk; eh';fs; cld;gLfpnwhk;/ mjd;go,k;nky;KiwaPL js;Sgo bra;ag;glntz;Lk;/@ 34/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsUf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h;. nkw;go jPh;Kotpd;kPJ rhh;e;Jepd;W gyuhkdhy; bra;ag;gl;l fpiuak; tpLjiyahtzj;jpd;K:yk; kWjypf;fg;gl;Ls;snghJ,,J bjhlf;fj;jpnyna bry;yhjjhfptpLfpwJ vd;W thjpl;Ls;shh;/ (nkw;go) $p/ mz;zhkiy gps;is ?vjph;? khtl;l tUtha; mYtyh; kw;Wk; gyh; vd;w tHf;fpy; tFf;fg;gl;l Kd;bkhHpt[iuf; Fwpj;J rr;runtJk;,Uf;fKoahJ/ jw;nghija tHf;fpy;,sthpd; rhh;ghd fpiuag; gj;jpuk; kWjypf;fg;gl;ouhjjhy; bry;yhjjhf;fj;jf;f fpiuag; gj;jpuk; bry;yhjjhfptpLfpwJ vd;w gpur;rpid vHhJ/ 35/ vdnt.,t;tHf;fpy; gyuhkdhy; vGjpf;bfhLf;fg;gl;l fpiuag; gj;jpuj;ij ePf;fwt[ bra;a[k;bghUl;L.,sth;K:yk; chpiknfhUk; egh;.,sthpd;,wg;g[ njjpapypUe;J K:d;W Mz;LfSf;Fs; eltof;ifiaf; bfhz;LtUtJ mtrpakhdjhFk; vd;gJ v';fsJ Ma;e;jwpe;j fUj;jhFk;/ Mjyhy;. eh';fs;. gyuhkdhy; vGjpf;bfhLf;fg;gl;l fpiuag; gj;jpu';fs; rl;lg;go //36// tiuaWf;fg;gl;lthwhd fhytiuaiwf;Fs; kWj;jypf;fg;gltpy;iy my;yJ bry;yhjjhf;fg;gltpy;iy vdj; jPh;khdpf;fpnwhk;/ mjw;fpz';f tHf;bfGtpdh vz; 3 gjpyspf;fg;gLfpwJ/ 36/ Kd;brhd;d tpthj';fisf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;L.,k;nky;KiwaPl;oy; VbjhU jFjpg;ghLk; eh';fs; fz;lwpatpy;iy/ mjd;go,k;nky;KiwaPL js;Sgo bra;ag;gLfpwJ/ khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ mnrhf; g{c&d; khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ nf/vk;/ n$hrg; g[J bly;yp. 25/02/2019/ ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? bghWg;g[j;Jwg;g[ @tl;lhu bkhHpapy; bkhHpahf;fk; bra;ag;gl;l,j;jPh;g;g[iuahdJ. tHf;fho. jd;Dila bkhHpapy; g[hpe;Jbfhs;tjw;F gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;tjw;Fl;gl;lnjad;wp. ntbwe;j nehf;fj;jpw;fhft[k; gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;syhfhJ/ midj;J eilKiwahd kw;Wk; mYty;Kiwahd nehf;f';fSf;Fk; kw;Wk; jPh;g;g[iuia epiwntw;wYf;Fk;. braw;gLj;jYf;Fk; mjd; M';fpyg; gjpg;ng mjpfhug;g{h;tkhdjhFk;/@