d066c3b19d3216b91d56adcae9a2464cd9229dfae83dd0df7e57166f16412a3b

915. There can be no dispute with these propositions. However if the existing provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code permit recording of evidence by video conferencing then it could not be said that "procedure established by law" has not been followed. 20- Recording of evidence by video conferencing also satisfies the object of providing, in Section 273, that evidence be recorded in the presence of the Accused. The Accused and his pleader can see the witness as clearly as if the witness was actually sitting before them. In fact the Accused may be able to see the witness better than he may have been able to if he was sitting in the dock in a crowded Court room. They can observe his or her demeanour. In fact the facility to play back would enable better observation of demeanour. They can hear and rehear the deposition of the witness. The Accused would be able to instruct his pleader immediately and thus cross- examination of the witness is as effective, if not better. The facility of play back would give an added advantage whilst cross-examining the witness. The witness can be confronted with documents or other material or statement in the same manner as if he/she was in Court. All these objects would be fully met when evidence is recorded by video conferencing. Thus no prejudice, of whatsoever nature, is caused to the Accused. Of course, as set out hereinafter, evidence by video conferencing has to be on some conditions. c- lk{kh cuke Hkkjr la?k bl U;k;ky; ds;g fu"d"kZ Fks 27. The other aspect which has been highlighted and needs consideration relates to providing protection to a victim of sexual abuse at the time of recording this statement in court. The main suggestions made by the petitioner are for incorporating special provisions in child sexual abuse cases to the following effect:

(i) permitting use of a videotaped interview of the child's statement by the judge (in the presence of a child support person).

(ii) allow a child to testify via closed circuit television or from behind a screen to obtain a full and candid account of the acts complained of.

(iii) The cross examination of a minor should only be carried out by the judge based on written questions submitted by the defense upon perusal of the testimony of the minor.

(iv) Whenever a child is required to give testimony, sufficient breaks should be given as and when required by the child. l- orZeku esa bl U;k;ky; }kjk egsUnz pkoyk o vU; cuke Hkkjr la?k esa;g dFku fd;s gS &

29. As pointed out above, in Sakshi’s case, the Court had insisted about the need to come up with a legislation for the protection of witnesses. It had even requested the Law Commission to examine certain aspects, which resulted to 172nd review of rape laws by the Law Commission. However, the Court specifically rejected the suggestion of the Law Commission regarding examination of vulnerable witnesses in the absence of accused. Having regard to the provisions of Section 273 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which is based on the tenets of principle of natural justice, that the witness must be examined in the presence of the accused, such a principle cannot be sacrificed in trials and in inquiries regarding sexual offences. In such a Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 156 of 2016 scenario examination of these witnesses through video conferencing provides the solution which balances the interest of the accused as well as vulnerable witnesses. 30- vc ge laf{kIRk rkSj ij /kkjk 273 ds izko/kkukas dk o.kZu djsxsaA vfHkO;Dr:Ik ls tSlk micaf/kr gS mlds flok;] fopkj.k;k vU; dk;Zokgh ds vuqdze esa fy;k x;k lc lk{; vfHk;qDr dh mifLFkfr esa;k tc mls oS;fDrd gkftjh ls vfHkeqDr dji fn;k x;k gS] rc mlds IyhMj dh mifLFkfr eas fy;k tk;sxkA 327 1- og LFkku] ftlesa dksbZ n.M U;k;ky; fdlh vijk/k dh tkap;k fopkj.k ds iz;kstu ls cSBrk gsS] [kqyk U;k;ky; le>k tk;sxk] ftleas turk lk/kkj.k izos’k dj ldsxh tgka rd fd lqfo/kkiwoZd os mlesas lek ldsA 327 2- mi/kkjk 1 esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk 1860 dk 45 dh /kkjk 376&d] /kkjk 376&[k] /kkjk 376&x] /kkjk 376&?k;k /kkjk 376&M] ¼/kkjk 376&?k;k /kkjk 376 M½ ds v/khu cykRlax;k fdlh vijk/k dh tkap;k mldk fopkj.k can dejs eas fd;k tk;sxkA ijUrq ihBklhu U;k;k/kh’k];fn og Bhd le>rk gS] rks;k nksuksa eas ls fdlh i{kdkj }kjk vkosnu fd;s tkus ij] fdlh fof’k"V O;fDr dks] ml dejs esa;k Hkou esa] tks U;k;ky; }kjk mi;ksx esa yk;k tk jgk gS] izos’k djus] gksus;k jgus dh vuqKk ns ldrk gSA;g cM+k pkS[kkus okyk rF; gS fd fo/kkf;dk }kjk mDr /kkjk 2 /kkjk 327 dk cnyko vf/kfu;e 43 ] 1983 dk us;g Hkwy dh fd /kkjk 354,oa 377 vkbZihlh,oa mDr izko/kkuksa dks gnk fn;k x;kA et: ds dFkuksa varxZr /kkjk 354 vkSj 377 vR;f/kd 'keZukd gks ldrk gSA 31- U;k;ky; }kjk tkap dk mn~ns’; lR; dk irk yxkuk gSA /kkjk 273 lhvkjihlh esa eqfYte ds lkeus c;ku gksus dk fy[kk gqvk gS ijUrq;g /kkjk;g ugha dgrh gS fd eqfYte dks iw.kZ vfHkyksdu lk{kh dh vko’;drk ugha gSA 16- bl U;k;ky; }kjk t;sUnz fo".kq Bkdqj cuke egkjk"Vª jkT; dk voyksdu fd;k x;k ftl Ikj Jh gsxM+s us vR;f/kd tksj fn;kA

18. The right of an accused to watch the prosecution witnesses deposing before a court of law indisputably is a valuable right. The Sixth amendment of the United States Constitution explicitly provides therefor, which reads as under:- " In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favour, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence." We may, however, notice that such a right has not yet been accepted as a fundamental right within the meaning of Article 21 of the Constitution of India by the Indian courts. In absence of such an express provision in our constitution, we have to proceed on a premise that such a right is only a statutory one. 22- We may, however, notice that even in the United States of America, the accused's right under the Sixth Amendment is not absolute. The right of confrontment of an accused is subject to just exceptions, including an orderly behaviour in the courtroom. In case of disruptive behaviour an accused can be asked to go outside the court room so long he does not undertake to behave in an orderly manner. It was so held in State of Illinois v. William Allen. 17- Jh gsxM+ ofj"B vf/koDrk us dkuwuh izko/kkuksa ds viokn dks /kkjk 273 eas lfEefyr djus dh dh dksf’k’k djh vc ge /kkjk 273] 299] 317 n.M lafgrk izfdz;k ds mica/kksa dks uhps of.kZr djsxsaA 273 vfHkO;Dr:Ik ls tSlk micaf/kr gS mlds flok;] fopkj.k;k vU; dk;Zokgh ds vuqdze esa fy;k x;k lc lk{; vfHk;qDr dh mifLFkfr esa;k tc mls oS;fDrd gkftjh ls vfHkeqDr dj fn;k x;k gS] rc mlds IyhMj dh mifLFkfr eas fy;k tk;sxkA Ikjarq tgka vBkjg o"kZ ls de vk;q dh L=h dk] ftlls cykRlax;k fdlh vU; ySafxd vijk/k ds fd;s tkus dk vfHkdFku fd;k x;k gS] lk{; vfHkfyf[kr fd;k tkuk gS] ogka U;k;ky;;g lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, fd,slh L=h dk vfHk;qDr ls lkeuk u gks vkSj lkFk gh vfHk;qDr dh izfrijh{kk d vf/kdkj dks lqfuf’pr djrs gq,] leqfpr mik; dj ldsxkA 299- vfHk;qDr dh vuqifLFkfr esa lk{; dk vfHkys[k & 1-;fn;g lkfcr dj fn;k tkrk gS fd vfHk;qDr O;fDr Qjkj gks x;k gS vkSj mlds rqjUr fxj¶rkj fd;s tkus dk dksbZ laHkkouk ugha gS rks ml vijk/k ds fy,] ftldk ifjokn fd;k x;k gS ml O;fDr dk fopkj.k djus ds fy,;k fopkj.k ds fy, lqiqnZ djus ds fy;s l{ke½ U;k;ky; vfHk;kstu dh vksj mudk vfHklk{; vfHkfyf[kr dj ldrk gS,slk dksbZ vfHklk{; ml O;fDr ds fxj¶rkj gksus ij] ml vijk/k dhu tkap;k fopkj.k esa] ftldk ml ij vkjksi gS] mlds fo#) lk{; esa fn;k tk ldrk gS;fn vfHklk{kh ej x;k gS];k lk{; nsus ds fy;s vleFkZgS;k fey ugha ldrk gS;k mldh gkftjh brus foyEc] O;;;k vlqfo/kk ds fcuk] ftruh fd ekeys dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vuqfpr gksxh] ugha djkbZ tk ldrh gSA 2-;fn;g izrhr gksrk gS fd e`R;q;k vkthou dkjkokl ls n.Muh; dksbZ vijk/k fdlh vKkr O;fDr;k fdUgha vKkr O;fDr;ksa }kjk fd;k x;k gS rks mPp U;k;ky;;k ls’ku U;k;k/kh’k funs’k ns ldrk gS fd dksbZ izFke oxZ eftLVªsV tkap djs vkSj fdUgha lkf{k;ksa dh tks,sls O;fDr ds fo#) ftl ij vijk/k dk rRi’pkr~ vfHk;ksx yxk;k tkrk gS] lk{; eas fn;k tk ldrk gS;fn vfHklk{kh ej tkrk gS;k lk{; nsus ds fy;s vleFkZ gks tkrk gS;k Hkkjr dh lhekvksa ls ijs gSA 317 dqN ekeyksa eas vfHk;qDr dh vuqifLFkfr esa tkap vkSj fopkj.k fd;s tkus ds fy;s mica/kd & 1- bl lafgrk ds v/khu tkap;k fopkj.k ds fdlh izdze eas;fn U;k;k/kh’k;k eftLVªsV dk mu dkj.kksa ls] tks vfHkfyf[kr fd;s tk;sxas] lek/kku gks tkrk gS fd U;k;ky; ds le{k vfHk;qDr dh oS;fDrd gkftjh U;k; ds fgr esa vko’;d ugha gS;k vfHk;qDr U;k;ky; dh dk;Zokgh eas ckj&ckj fo?u Mkyrk gS],sls vfHk;qDr dk izfrfuf/kRo IyhMj } kjk fd;s tkus dh n’kko esa] og U;k;k/kh’k;k eftLVªsV mldh gkftjh ls mls vfHkeqfDr ns ldrk gS vkSj mldh vuqifLFkfr esa,slh tkap;k fopkjk djus ds fy, vxzlj gks ldrk gS vkSj dk;Zokgh ds fdlh Ik’pkr~orhZ izdze esa,sls vfHk;qDr ds oS;fDrd gkftjh dk funs’k ns ldrk gSA 2-;fn,sls fdlh ekeys eas vfHk;qDr dk izfrfuf/kRo IyhMj }kjk ugha fd;k tk jgk gS vFkok;fn U;k;k/kh’k;k eftLVªsV dk;g fopkj gS fd vfHk;qDr dh oS;fDrd gkftjh vko’;d gS];fn og Bhd le>s rks] mu dkj.kksa ls] tks mlds }kjk ys[kc) fd;s tk;sxsa] og;k rks,slh tkap;k fopkj.k dj ldrk gS;k vkns’k ns ldrk gS fd,sls vfHk;qDr dk ekeyk vyx ls fy;k tk;s;k fopkfjr fd;k tk;sA 18- /kkjk 273 ^^vfHkO;Dr:Ik ls tSlk micaf/kr gS mlds flok;] blds viokn blh n.M izfdz;k eas crk;s x;s gSaA Jh gsxM+s vius rdZ esa lgh gSA /kkjk 299,oa 317 blds viokn gSA mu fLFkfr;ksa eas tSls fd /kkjk 299,oa 317 esa of.kZr gS vU; ifjfLfkfr;ksa eas dksVZ vfHk;qDr ds vuqifLFkfr esa c;ku ntZ dj ldrk gSA /kkjk 273 esa;g Hkh of.kZr gS fd oS;fDrd gkftjh ls vfHkeqDr dj fn;k x;k] rc mldh IyhMj dh mifLFkfr eas fy;k tk;sxkA vihykFkhZ us dksbZ,slh bPNk tkfgj dh rks c;ku mldh mifLFkfr esa gks uk dksbZ vkns’k;k funsZ’k fopkj.kh; U;k;ky; fn;k x;k fd lk{; vihykFkhZ dh vuqifLFkfr eas yh tk;sA vr%;g ekeyk 273 ds fdlh Hkkx dk ugha gSA ge vkxs bl fo’okl ds lkFk c<+sxsa fd vfHkeqfDr dk dksbZ vkns’k ugha gS fQj Hkh lk{; vfHk;qDr dh vuqifLFkfr eas ntZ dh x;hA mPp U;k;ky; vius bl fu"d"kZ esa fcYdqy lgh Fkk fd /kkjk 273 dk mYya?ku bl ekeys eas gqvk gSA Jh lat; gsxM+s }kjk izLrqr U;kf;d n`"Vkar t;sUnz fo".kq Bkdqj cuke egkjk"V~ jkT; ds vfHk;qDr ds le{k lk{; gksuk mldk,d vewY; vf/kdkj gSA ge;g ikrs gSa fd bl izdj.k eas vfHk;qDr ds bl vf/kdkj dk guu gqvk gSA 19- Jh euh"k fla?koh gkWeZtSl,sjj tks fd QkStnkjh U;k;’kkL= dk o.kZu fd;k gS,oa mlds mipkj dk Hkh o.kZu fd;k gSA v/;k; 35 tks vfu;fer dk;Zokfg;ksa ls Mhy djrk gS flok;s tks mica/k /kkjk 461 esa fn;s x;s vU; dksbZ vfu;ferrk;k mYya?ku vuoh{kk dks vfu;fer ugha cukrk tc rd fd mldks mlls uqdlku uk igqapsA Jh gsxM+s }kjk U;kf;d n`"Vkar t;sUnz fo".kq Bkdqj ds iSjk 57 o 58

57. Mr. Nafade would submit that the appellant did not suffer any prejudice. We do not agree. Infringement of such a valuable right itself causes prejudice. In S.L. Kapoor v. Jagmohan, [ (1980) 4 SCC 379 ], this Court clearly held:-

24. "In our view the principles of natural justice know of no exclusionary rule dependent on whether it would have made any difference if natural justice had been observed. The nonobservance of natural justice is itself prejudice to any man and proof of prejudice independently of proof of denial of natural justice is unnecessary. It ill comes from a person who has denied justice that the person who has been denied justice is not prejudiced."

58. In A.R. Antulay v. R.S. Nayak and another, [ (1988) 2 SCC 602 ] a seven Judge Bench of this Court has also held that when an order has been passed in violation of a fundamental right or in breach of the principles of natural justice, the same would be nullity. { See also State of Haryana v. State of Punjab, [(2004) 12 SCC 673] and Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation and others v. Zakir Hussain 20- vfHk;qDr t;sUnz dqN ekeys fnYyh dh vnkyr esa fopkjk/khu gS,oa,d ekeyk VkMk,DV esa fopkjk/khu Fkk t;sUnz,d Qjkj vfHk;qDr Fkk vr% iwuk U;k;ky; }kjk mldh vuqifLFkfr eas xokgh yh x;hA,d fnYyh ds eqdnesa eas mls ltk gks x;h mlds Ik’pkr iwuk U;k;ky; eas mlds fo#) iwjd pktZ’khV is’k dh x;h vkSj pktZ lquk;s x;sA yksd vfHk;kstd }kjk;g rdZ fn;k x;k fd dqN xokg dh xokgh bl eqdnes eas i<+h tkos D;ksafd dqN xokg dh e`R;q gks pqdh gSA;g izkFkZuk iwuk ds U;k;ky; }kjk Lohdkj dj yh x;hA bl U;k;ky; }kjk;g ik;k x;k gS fd /kkjk 299 dk mYya?ku gqvkA D;ksafd vfHk;qDr Qjkj ugha Fkk vfHk;qDr fdlh vU; izdj.k esa vfHkj{kk eas Fkk D;ksafd /kkjk 299 dh vko’;drk;sa iwjh ugha gqbZ D;ksafd iwoZ esa yh x;h lk{; vfHk;qDr ds f[kykQ ugha i<+h tk ldrhA vxj iwoZ dh xokgh vfHk;qDr ds f[kykQ i<+h x;h rks mls ftjg dk volj ugha fey ik;sxkA;g fLFkfr orZeku eqdnes esa ugha gS mPPk U;k;ky;;g vkns’k fn;k x;k fd tks xokg vfHk;qDr ds le{k ftudh xokgh ugha gqbZ mUghsa ds c;ku iqu% ys[kc) djk;s tk;s bl funsZ’k ls vfHk;qDr lk{;ksa dh ftjg dj ldrs gSaA

19. U;k;fe= }kjk v/;k; 28,oa 29 ij fjykbZ fd;k x;k muds }kjk;g dgk x;k fd bl izdj.k eas mPp U;k;ky; }kjk v/;k; 28 ds izko/kkuksa dk T;knk /;ku j[kk x;kA /kkjk 366 ls 368,oa /kkjk 386,oa 391 dks uhps fy[kk tk jgk gSA 366- ls’ku U;k;ky; }kjk e`R;q n.Mkns’kksa dk iqf"V ds fy;s izLrqr fd;k tkuk & 1- tc ls’ku U;k;ky; e`R;q n.Mkns’k nsrk gS rc dk;Zokgh mPp U;k;ky; dks izLrqr dh tk;sxh vkSj n.Mkns’k rc rd fu"ikfnr uk fd;k tk;sxk tc rd og mPp U;k;ky }kjk iq"V u dj fn;k tk;sA 2- n.Mkns’k ikfjr djus okyk U;k;ky; okjaV ds v/khu nks"kfl) O;fDr dks tsy dh vfHkj{kk ds fy;s lqiqnZ djsxkA 367- vfrfjDr tkap fd;s tkus ds fy,;k vfrfjDr lk{; fy;s tkus ds fy, funs’k nsus dh 'kfDr & 1-;fn,slh dk;Zokgh ds izLrqr fd;s tkus ij mPp U;k;ky;;g Bhd le>rk gS fd nks"kfl) O;fDr dks nks"kh;k funsZk"k gksus ls lacaf/kr fdlh iz’u ij vfrfjDr tkap dh tk,;k vfrfjDr lk{; fy;k tk, rks og Lo;a,slh tkap dj ldrk gS;k,slk lk{; ns ldrk gS;k ls’ku U;k;ky; }kjk mlds fd;s tkus;k fy;s tkus ds le; mifLFkr gksus ls vfHk;qfDr nh tk ldrh gSA 368- n.Mkns’k dks iq"V djus;k nks"kflf) dks okfyr djus dh mPp U;k;ky dh 'kfDr & mPp U;k;ky /kkjk 366 ds v/khu izLrqr fdlh ekeys esa & d- n.Mkns’k dh iqf"V dj ldrk gS;k fof/k }kjk lefFkZr dksbZ vU; n.Mkns’k ns ldrk gS vFkok [k- nks"kflf) dks okfry dj ldrk gS vkSj vfHk;qDr dks fdlh,sls vijk/k ds fy, nks"kfLk) dj ldrk gS ftlds fy, ls’ku U;k;ky; mls nks"kflf) dj ldrk Fkk];k mlh;k la’kksf/kr vkjksi ij u;s fopkj.k dk vkns’k ns ldrko gS vFkok x- vfHk;qDr O;fDr dks nks"keqDr dj ldrk gSA 386- vihy U;k;ky; dh 'kfDr;ka &,sls vfHkys[k ds ifj’khyu vkSj;fn vihykFkhZ;k mldk IyhMj gkftj gS rFkk mls;fn yksd vfHk;kstd gkftj gS rks mls /kkjk 377;k /kkjk 378 ds v/khu vihy dh n’kk esa;fn vfHk;qDr gkftj gS rks mls lquus ds Ik’pkr~ vihy U;k;ky; ml n’kk esa ftleas mldk;g fopkj gS fd gLr{ksi djus dk Ik;kZIr vk/kkji ugha gS vihy dks [kkfjt dj ldrk gS vFkok & d- nks"keqfDr ds vkns’k ls vihy eas,sls vkns’k dks myV ldrk gS fd vfrfjDr tkap dh tk, vFkok vfHk;qfDr;FkkfLFkfr] iqu%fopkfjr fd;k tk,;k fopkjkFkZ lqiqnZ fd;k tk,] vFkok mls nks"kh Bgjk ldrk gS vkSj mls fof/k ds vuqlkj n.Mkns’k ns ldrk gSA [k- nks"kflf) ls vihy esa & 1- fu"d"kZ vkSj n.Mkns’k dks myV ldrk gS vkSj vfHk;qfDr dks nks"keqDr;k mUeksfpr dj ldrk gS;k,sls vihy U;k;ky; ds v/khuLFk l{ke vf/kdkfjrk okys U;k;ky; }kjk mlds iqu% fopkfjr fd;s tkus dk;k fopkj.kkFkZ lqiqnZ fd;s tkus dk vkns’k ns ldrk gS vFkok 2- n.Mkns’k dks dk;e j[krs gq, fu"d"kZ esa ifjorZu dj ldrk gS vFkok 3- fu"d"kZ esa ifjorZu djds;k fd;s fcuk n.M ds Lo:Ik;k ifjek.k eas vFkok Lo:Ik vkSj ifjek.k esa ifjorZu dj ldrk gS fdUrq bl izdkj ugha fd mlls n.M esa o`f) gks tk, x- n.Mkns’k dh o`f) ds fy, vihy eas & 1- fu"d"kZ vkSj n.Mkns’k dk myV ldrk gS vkSj vfHk;qDr dks nks"keqDr;k mUeksfpr dj ldrk gS;k,sls vijk/k dk fopkj.k djus ds fy, l{ke U;k;ky; }kjk mldk iqufoZpkj.k djus dk vkns’k ns ldrk gS;k 2- n.Mkns’k dks dk;e j[krs gq, fu"d"kZ esasa ifjorZu dj ldrk gS;k 3- fu"d"kZ esa ifjorZu djds;k fd;s fcuk] n.M ds Lo:Ik;k ifjek.k esa vFkok Lo:Ik vkSj ifjek.k esa ifjorZu dj ldrk gS ftlls mleas o`f);k deh gks tk;sA 391- vihy U;k;ky; vfrfjDr lk{; ys ldsxk;k mlds fy;s tkus dk dk funs’k ns ldrk gS & 1- bl v/;k; ds v/khu fdlh vihy ij fopkj djus esa;fn vihy U;k;ky; vfrfjDr lk{; vko’;d le>rk gS rks og dkj.kksa dks vfHkfyf[kr djsxk vkSj,slk lk{;;k rks Lo;a ys ldrk gS;k eftLVªsV }kjk tc vihy U;k;ky; mPp U;k;ky gS rc ls’ku U;k;ky;;k eftLVªsV }kj fy;s tkus dk funs’k ns ldrk gSA 2- tc vfrfjDr lk{; ls’ku U;k;ky;;k eftLVªsV }kkjk ys fy;k tkrk gS rc og,slk lk{; izekf.kr djds vihy U;k;ky; dks Hkstsxk vkSj rc rc,slk U;k;ky vihy fuiVkus ds fy, vxzlj gksxkA 3- vfHk;qDr;k mlds IyhMj dks ml le; mifLFkr gksus dko vf/kdkj gksxk tc vfrfjDr lk{; fd;k tkrk gSA 4- bl /kkjk ds v/khu lk{; dk fy;k tkuk v/;k; 23 ds mica/kkas ds v/khu gksxk ekuks og dksbZ tkap gksA 22- /kkjk 366 ds vuqlkj ls’ku U;k;ky; }kjk e`R;q n.Mkns’k dh iqf"V gsrq mPp U;k;ky; esa tkrk gSA /kkjk 367 ds vuqlkj mPp U;k;ky; vfrfjDr tkap fd;s tkus ds fy;s;k vfrfjDr lk{; fy;s tkus ds lk{; ds funsZ’k ns ldrk gSA /kkjk 368 n.Mkns’k dks iq"V djus;k nks"kflf) dks okfry djus dh 'kfDr mPp U;k;ky; dks nsrk gSA;gkW;g mYys[k djuk mfpr gksxk fd mPp U;k;ky; fcuk vihy ds Hkh vfHk;qDr }kjk nks"kflf) okfry dj ldrk gSA v/;k; 28 e`R;q n.Mkns’kksa dh iqf"V ds fy;s dk;Zokgh gS vuoh{kk ds cknA bu izko/kkuksa ls mPp U;k;ky; vfrfjDr lk{; ds vkns’k ns ldrk gS;k vfrfjDr tkap ds vkns’k ns ldrk gS vkSj vfHk;qDr dks cjh Hkh dj ldrk gSA v/;k; 29 tks vihykas ls Mhy djrk gS /kkjk 391 vihyh; U;k;ky; dks vfrfjDr lk{; ysus dh 'kfDr iznku djrh gSA /kkjk 386 fu"d"kZ dks iyV ldrh gS,oa iqu% vuoh{kk ds vkns’k dj ldrh gSA izLrqr izdj.k esa U;k;ky; nksuksa v/;k; 28 o 29 nksuksa dh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx dj jgk gS mlds ikl og 'kfDr gS fd iw.kZ:Ik ls vuoh{kk 'kq: djus ds vkns’k ns ldrh gS;k 12 xokgksa ds iqu% lk{; ysus ds vkns’k dj ldrh gSA vr% mPp U;k;ky; }kjk viuk {ks=kf/kdkj dk dksbZ Hkh mYYka?ku ugha fd;k x;k gSA 23- iqu% vuoh{kk dk vkns’k dqN vioknksa esa gh fd;k tk ldrk gSA An order for retrial of a criminal case is made in exceptional cases, and not unless the appellate Court is satisfied that the Court trying the proceeding had no jurisdiction to try it or that the trial was vitiated by serious illegalities or irregularities or on account of misconception of the nature of the proceedings and on that account in substance there had been no real trial or that the Prosecutor or an accused was, for reasons over which he had no control, prevented from leading or tendering evidence material to the charge, and in the interests of justice the appellate Court deems it appropriate, having regard to the circumstances of the case, that the accused should be put on his trial again. An order of re-trial wipes out from the record the earlier proceeding, and exposes the person accused to another trial which affords the prosecutor an opportunity to rectify the infirmities disclosed in the earlier trial, and will not ordinarily be countenanced when it is made merely to enable the prosecutor to lead evidence which he could but has not cared to lead either on account of insufficient appreciation of the nature of the case or for other reasons. Harries, C. J.,in Ramanlal Rathi v. The State (1), observed: "If at the end of a criminal prosecution the evidence leaves the Court in doubt as to the guilt of the accused the latter is entitled to a. verdict of not guilty. A retrial may be ordered when the original trial has not been satisfactory for particular reasons, for example, if evidence had been wrongly rejected which should have been admitted, or admitted when it should have been rejected, or the Court had refused to hear certain witness who should have been heard. But retrial cannot be ordered on the ground that, the prosecution did not (1) A.I.R. (1951) Cal. 305. produce the proper evidence and did not know how to prove their case." 24- izLrqr ekeys esa mPp U;k;ky; }kjk;g vkns’k yksd vfHk;kstd dh deh dh iwfrZ ds fy;s ugha fd;k x;kA mDr 12 xokgksa dh lk{; yh x;h,oa mudh ftjg Hkh dh x;hA blesa cl;gh deh gS fd vihykFkhZ }kjk ftjg ugha ns nh x;hA tks mipkj bl deh dks iwjh djus ds fy;s crk;s x;s gSa uk fd yksd vfHk;kstd dks deh nwj djus ds fy;sA 25- bl izdj.k eas pkj yksxksa dh gR;k gqbZ gS;g lekt ds fgr esa gks fd bUgsa ltk gks,oa vfHk;qDrksa dks Hkh leqfpr volj iznku fd;k tk;sA;fn dksbZ deh gS ftlls fd dk;Zokgh vfu;fer uk gks rks;g iz;kl fd;k tkuk pkfg;s fd lekt dk fgr vkSj vfHk;qDr ds fgr dh lqj{kk dh tk;s vxj bu lk{;ksa dk iqu% lk{; yh tkrh gS rks vfHk;qDr dks bu lk{;ksa dks ns[kus dk iwjk volj feysxk,oa ftjg djus dk iwjk volj feysxkA bl rjg vfHk;qDr ds vf/kdkjksa dh lqj{kk gksxhA vxj ge;g eku ts fd dk;Zokgh nwf"kr gS vkSj mPp U;k;ky; ds ikl;g 'kfDr ugha gS fd os iqu% lk{; ds vkns’k dj lds rks;g U;k; dk vijk/k gksxkA mPp U;k;ky; dk vkns’k lgh izfdz;k viuk;s xokgksa ds dFkuksa dk] mlds Ik’pkr mldh ftjg tks fd lk{; eas i<+h tk ldsA 26- vr% ge mPp U;k;ky; ds vkns’k ls iw.kZr% lger gSA vr%;g vihy [kkfjt dh tkrh gSA vuoh{kk U;k;ky; dks fu.kZ; iznku djus dh NwV nh tkrh gS rkfd;g ekeyk vius fu"d"kZ rd igqap ldsA bl vkns’k dh dkWih rqjar vuoh{kk U;k;ky; dks Hksth tkosA 27- ge izdj.k ds xq.kksa,oa voxq.kkas ij dksbZ fVIi.kh ugha djsA vkf[kj esa ge U;k;fe= }kjk iznku dh x;h lgk;rk dk /kU;okn,oa vuqeksnu djrs gSaA mn; mes’k yfyr bUnq eYgks=kA ubZ fnYyh] vizSy 11] 2019 vLohdj.k & bl fu.kZ; dh vuqokn LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa fd;k tk jgk gS,oa bldk iz;ksx dsoy i{kdkj bldks le>us ds fy;s mudh Hkk"kk eas dj ldsxsa,oa;g fdlh vU; iz;kstu esa dke ugha yh tk;sxhA gj vf/kdkfjd,oa O;kogkfjd mn~ns’;ksa ds fy;s mDr fu.kZ;ksa dk vaxzsth laLdj.k gh fo’oluh; ekuk tk;sxk,oa fdz;kUo;u esa Hkh blh dks mi;ksx esa fy;k tk;sxkA