Civil Appeal No. 1524-1525 of 2019

vLohdj.k% {ks=h; Hkk’kk esa vuqokfnr fu.Zk; ls vk”k; dsoy i{kdkjksa dks mudh viuh Hkk’kk esa le>us ds fy, gS ,oa bldk iz;ksx fdlh vU; m)s”; ds fy, ugha fd;k tk ldsxkA lHkh O;ogkfjd ,oa dk;kZy;hu m)s”;ksa ds fy, fu.kZ; dk vaxzsth laLdj.k gha izekf.kr gksxk rFkk fu’iknu vkSj fdz;kUo;u ds m)s”; ds fy, izHkkoh ekuk tk,xk A fjiksZV ;ksX;
Hkkjr ds l
Hkkjr ds loksZPp U;k;ky; esa oksZPp U;k;ky; esa flfoy vihyh; {ks=kf/kdkj flfoy vihy ua0 1524&1525 vkW¶ 2019
¼++,l
¼++,l
¼++,l
¼++,l,yih ¼lh½ ua0 15576&15577 vkW¶
,yih ¼lh½ ua0 15576&15577 vkW¶ 2015
2015½
½
½
½ f ff fryd jkt cD”kh ryd jkt cD”kh vihykFkhZ cuke vfouk”k pan “kekZ ¼e`r½ }kjk ,yvkjl vkSj vU; mRrjnkrk fu.kZ; ds ds ds ds----,e tkslQ]
,e tkslQ] U;k;k/kh”k
1- ;g vihysa fo”ks’k vuqefr ;kfpdk ls mRiUu gksrh gSa vkSj iatkc vkSj gfj;k.kk ds mPp U;k;ky; ds bEI;wu QSlys ds f[kykQ funsZf”kr gksrh gS] ftlds }kjk lwV esa nwljs izfroknh }kjk nk;j nwljh vihy dh vuqefr nh xbZ gS vkSj blesa vihydrkZ }kjk nk;j flfoy lwV dks [kkfjt dj fn;k x;kA ikfVZ;ksa dks
Vªk;y dksVZ esa mudh fLFkfr ds lanHkZ esa lanfHkZr fd;k tk,xkA
2- paMhx<+ esa fLFkr lwV esa vuwlwfpr laifÙk dk LokfeRo fdjik jke c[“kh ds ikl FkkA mUgksaus oknh] igys izfroknh vkSj nwljs csVs] tks eqdnesa esa rhljk izfroknh Fkk ds uke ,d olh;r dks 04-09-74 dks iathd`r djk;k FkkA mlds ckn] ,LVsV vkWfQlj }kjk mDr rhu O;fDr;ksa ds i{k esa fookfnr ?kj dks
LFkkukarfjr dj fn;k FkkA oknh us orZeku lwV nk;j fd;k ftlesa ls vihy mRiUu gqbZ ;g vkjksi yxkrs gq,s fd 31-03-1982 rhuksa HkkbZ;ksa ds chp ,d le>kSrk gqvk Fkk] ;kfu fd ,d [kqn] igys izfroknh vkSj NksVs
HkkbZ ds chp gqvk FkkA le>kSrs dk [kaM ¼5½ fuEukuqlkj iznku djrk gS%&

ÞubZ fnYyh vkSj paMhx<+ ds O;fDrxr fgLls vkSj d`f’k Hkwfe dks fyf[kr :Ik esa rhuksa dh lgefr ds fcuk cspk ugha tk ldrk vkSj vxj ;g rhu ds le>kSrs ij cspk x;k] rks nksuksa vU; HkkbZ;ksa dks igyh izkFkfedrk nh tk,xhA la;qDr ns[kHkky dh lekfIr ds ckn dksbZ fo”ks’k uohdj.k ge esa ls fdlh ,d }kjk fd;k tkrk gS vkSj iw.kZ [kkrs cuk, j[ks tkrs gSa] rks fdlh Hkh bdkbZ dk dqy fcdzh dh fLFkfr esa] fo”ks’k uohdj.k ij [kpZ dh xbZ vfrfjDr jkf”k ¼c”krsZ fd mfpr voeqY;u@o`f)½ O;fDr dks fcdzh ds vk; ds ⅓ ls vf/kd fgLls ij ns; gksxhAß
3- ;g vkjksi yxk;k x;k Fkk fd muds HkkbZ ¼ igys izfroknh½ }kjk mDr [kaM dk mYya?ku fd;k x;k
Fkk vkSj mldh fyf[kr lgefr izkIr fd, fcuk djk x;k FkkA igys izfroknh us nwljs izfroknh dks nkok gtk esa n”kkZ;h xbZ laifRr csphA ;g vkjksi yxk;k x;k Fkk fd blls ml lkbV ds VqdM+s gks tk,axs] tks oftZr gS vkSj ;g Hkh vkjksi yxk;k x;k Fkk fd fcdzh vekU; FkhA nkok dks nwljs izfroknh ds i{k esa fd;s x;s cSukek dks vekU; ?kksf’kr djus ds fy, vkSj rdehy eqgkbZnk (specific performance) }kjk igys izfroknh dks funsZf”kr djus ds fy, fd;k x;k gS fd og ,d frgkbZ fgLls dks cSukek oknh ds i{k esa djsA
4- nwljs izfroknh us ekeys dks yM+k A ;g vU; ckrksa ds lkFk dgk x;k gS fd ifjokj dk le>kSrk tkyh vkSj eux<+ar gSA oknh ds ikl dksbZ rjthgh vf/kdkj ugha FkkA nwljk izfroknh ,d vlyh [kjhnkj
FkkA oknh dks laifRr [kjhnus dk dHkh bjknk ugha FkkA igys izfroknh dk fgLlk nwljs izfroknh dks paMhx<+ ds ,LVsV vkWfQlj }kjk mlds vkosnu ij gLrkarfjr dj fn;k FkkA
5- Vªk;y dksVZ us ik;k fd ifjokj dh O;oLFkk okLro esa fu’ikfnr dh xbZ FkhA ;g okLrfod nLrkost gS vkSj tkyh ;k eux<+ar ugha gSA nkok fnukad 03-02-1998 dks nk;j fd;k x;k Fkk ftlesa cSukek rkjh[k 12-11-1997 dks le; ds Hkhrj pqukSrh nh xbZ FkhA nwljs izfroknh dks vly [kjhnkj ugha ik;k x;k gSA og vihydrkZ dks igys izfroknh }kjk ojh;rk nsus ds ckjs esa tkurk FkkA ;g ik;k x;k gS fd oknh dks igys izfroknh ds fgLls dks [kjhnus dh is”kd”k ugha dh xbZ FkhA Vªk;y dksVZ us ik;k fd oknh fof”k’V jkgr dk gdnkj Fkk vkSj fcdzh dks vekU; ?kksf’kr dj fn;kA oknh igys izfroknh ds fgLls dks [kjhnus ds fy, 31-03-1982 ds le>kSrs ds fu;eksa vkSj “krksZa ds vuqlkj *rdehy eqgkbZnk eq[kfrl*
(specific performance) dk gdnkj FkkA

6- nwljss izfroknh us fu.kZ; ds f[kykQ vihy dhA izFke vihyh; us ik;k fd ifjokj dh O;oLFkk okLrfod FkhA ;g oknh vkSj igys izfroknh dh iRuh ds chp i=kpkj dk mYys[k djrk gSA og ;g irk yxkus ds fy, c<+s fd ,dek= fookn ;g Fkk fd D;k igys izfroknh us oknh dks viuk ,d frgkbZ fgLlk
[kjhnus dh is”kd”k dh Fkh ;k fQj oknh dHkh Hkh blds fy, vkxs ugha vk;k A igyh vihyh; vnkyr us ik;k fd dksbZ Hkh nLrkost ;g fn[kkus ds fy, is”k ugha fd;k x;k Fkk fd igys izfroknh us [kqn is”k fd;k gksA vnkyr igys izfroknh dh iRuh dh i=ksa ds [kkst ds fy, vkxs c<+rh gS tks ;g [kqyklk djrh gS fd oknh dks [kjhn ds fy, izLrko fn;k x;k FkkA ifjokj dh O;oLFkk ds [kaM ¼5½ ds vuqlkj] oknh dh lgefr nwljs izfroknh dks cspus ls igys fyf[kr esa ugha yh xbZ FkhA tgka rd izLrko dk laca/k gS] vihyh; vnkyr us i=kpkj dks lanfHkZr fd;kA izfroknh uacj 1 c;kuk dks Lohdkj djus ds fy, rS;kj ugha FkkA ?kj paM+hx<+ esa fLFkr FkkA fcdzh dsoy paMhx<+ esa gh gks ldrh gSA oknh dk fHkykbZ tkuk] tgka igyk izfroknh jgrk Fkk] fdlh Hkh m|s”; dks iw.kZ ugha djrkA fcdzh ds laca/k esa mlds vkSj igys izfroknh ds chp lapkj dks lkfcr djus ds fy, oknh ds VsyhQksu fcy dk lanHkZ fn;k x;k gSA nwljs izfroknh ds i{k esa fcdzh dks ikoj vkWQ vVkWuhZ ds ek/;e izekf.kr fd;k x;k FkkA ikoj vkWQ vVkWuhZ ds ek/;e ls igys izfroknh }kjk oknh dks cspus ds fy, dksbZ izLrko ugha fd;k x;k FkkA ;g ik;k x;k gS fd gkykafd ih 19 ls ;g fn[krk gS fd ,d lkSnk gqvk Fkk] ysfdu D;ksafd igys izfroknh dh iRuh oknh ds fy, fHkykbZ vkus ds fy, tksj yxk jgh Fkh] ij ;g dke uk vk;kA oknh rS;kj vkSj bPNqd FkkA igys izfroknh us ifjokj ds le>kSrs dk mYya?ku fd;k gSA nwljs izfroknh dks igys izfroknh dh iRuh ls irk Fkk fd og oknh dks cspuk pkgrh gS A nwljk izfroknh ,d fdjk;snkj Fkk] tks ifjokj dh O;oLFkk ds ckjs esa tkurk
FkkA nwljs fgLlsnkj dks dksbZ uksfVl tkjh ugha fd;k x;k FkkA nwljs izfroknh dh vihy [kkfjt dj nh xbZA blds vykok vihyh; vnkyr us oknh }kjk nk;j dzkWl vihy dh Hkh vuqefr nh vkSj oknh dks dCtk lkSaius ds fy, nwljs izfroknh dks funsZf”kr fd;k A mPp U;k;ky; ds le{k dk;Zokgh
7- mPp U;k;ky; us nksuksa i{kksa ds chp i=kpkj dk mYys[k djus ds ckn ik;k fd igys izfroknh us okLro esa oknh dks viuk fgLlk cspus dh is”kd”k dh gSA oknh ,d elkSnk Hkst ldrk FkkA igys izfroknh dh vfuf”pr fLFkfr ] mls LokLFk ds laca/k esa] oknh dks Kkr FkhA

8- mPp U;k;ky; us ik;k fd ikfVZ;kas ds chp dksbZ oS/k vkSj ck/;dkjh vuqca/k ugha FkkA dksbZ dher r; ugha dh xbZ gS vkSj uk gh dksbZ isuYVh DykWt gS] ;kfu fd foQyrk ds ekeys esa] nksuksa i{kksa esa ls dksbZ
Hkh ,d le>kSrs dks ykxw dj ldrk gS ¼ tkfgj gS fd [kaM 5 geus igys gh m)r fd;k gS½A vihydrkZ dh is”kd”k ij dkjZokbZ djus dh pwd ds eÌsutj] mlus fgLlk [kjhnus ds vius fu.kZ;kRed vf/kdkj dks
[kks fn;k gS vkSj blls nwljs izfroknh ds i{k esa fcdzh gks xbZ A mPp U;k;ky; ;g ekuus ds fy, vkxs c<+rk gS fd oknh }kjk fuHkZj fd;s x;s [kaM ¼5½ u dsoy vLi’V gS] cfYd vfuf”pr vkSj “kwU; gS A i=ksa esa n”kkZ;s x;s izLrko dks [kks nsus ds ckn oknh dks foyac ls bLrseky djus dh btktr ugha nh tk ldrh ] ftldks ge ;gk¡ ds ckn lanfHkZr djsaxsA
9- ;g Hkh ik;k x;k gS fd fdjk;snkj gksus ds ukrs] nwljs izfroknh dks dsoy fdjk;snkjksa ls lacaf/kr dkuwu ds rgr fudkyk tk ldrk gSA
10- mPp U;k;ky; us ;g uksV fd;k fd fo[kaMu laHko ugha gks ldrk gS] ysfdu foHkktu vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 2] 3 vkSj 4 esa lek/kku ik;k x;k gS vkSj cktkj ewY; dk irk yxkdj os ,d nwljs dk fgLlk
[kjhn ldrs gSaA fganw mRrjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 22 dks bl vnkyr }kjk vlaoS/kkfud djkj fn;k tkuk ik;k x;k gSA vihydrkZ us izLrko Lohdkj ugha fd;k FkkA fof”k’V jkgr vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 20 dk lanHkZ fn;k x;k Fkk vkSj ;g ik;k x;k fd ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa] vihykFkhZ foosdk/khu jkgr dk gdnkj ugha FkkA
11- geus vihydrkZ dh rjQ ls is”k gq, odhy Jh fu/ks”k xqIrk vkSj igys mRrjoknh ¼nwljs izfroknh½ dh rjQ ls is”k gq, ofj’B odhy Jh /kzqo esgrk dks lqukA
12- vihykFkhZ ds ofj’B odhy dk rdZ gksxk fd ;g ikfjokfjd cankscLrh dk Li’V ekeyk gSA ifjokj ds cankscLr esa nks vyx&vyx “krsZa gSA u dsoy izkFkfedrk nwljs fgLlsnkjksa dks nh tkuh pkfg,] igyk izfroknh nwljs fgLlsnkjksa dh fyf[kr lgefr izkIr djus dks ck/; FkkA og is”k djsxk fd vnkyrksa dk ikfjokfjd le>kSrs dh rjQ >qdko gksrk gS vkSj mls cuk;s j[krk gSA bl ekeys esa] mlds fgLls dh fcdzh ds f[kykQ dksbZ iw.kZ fu’ks/k ugha gSA ;g dsoy ,d vkaf”kd fu’ks/k gSA igyk izfroknh vius HkkbZ;ksa dks viuk fgLlk csp ldrk gSA [k.M ¼5½ ds ihNs ds m|s”; ij izdk”k Mkyk x;k fd rhljs i{k dks ikfjokfjd laifRr dk gdnkj ugha ekuk x;k gSA bl rjg ds vkaf”kd fu’ks/k dks nksuks afizoh ifj’kn vkSj bl
U;k;ky; ds }kjk eatwj fd;k x;k gSA bl laca/k esa] mUgksaus gekjk /;ku bl dksVZ ds fu.kZ;ksa dh rjQ fnyk;k] tks gS Þds uSuk eksgEen ¼e`r½ ,yvkj,l cuke , ,e oklqnsou psfÍ;kj ¼e`r½ ek/;e ls ,yvkj,l

vkSj vU;1
] gfj “kadj fla?kkfu;k vkSj vU; cuke xkSj gjh fla?kkfu;k vkSj vU;ß vkSj lkFk esa fizoh ifj’kn dk dsl ck vuqeku ÞeqgEen jtk ¼e`r½ vkSj vU; cuke vCckl canh chch3
ß esa fu.kZ;A mUgksaus gfj “kadj fla?kkfu;k ¼lqizk½ esa bl vnkyr ds QSlys dh vksj gekjk /;ku fnyk;k fd ifjokj ds fuiVkjs dks fdlh vU; vkSipkfjd O;kolkf;d fuiVku ls vyx ekuk tkrk gSA dksVZ us ;g ik;k gS%&
Þifjokj ds fuiVku dks fdlh Hkh vU; vkSipkfjd okf.kfT;d fuiVku ls vyx ekuk tkrk gS D;ksafd dkuwu dh utj esa bl rjg dk le>kSrk ifjokj ds lnL;ksa ds chp “kkafr vkSj ln~Hkkouk lqfuf”pr djrk gSA bl rjg ds ikfjokfjd le>kSrs vkerkSj ij vnkyr dh eatwjh ls gksrs gSA bl rjg ds le>kSrs ,d fo”ks’k bfDoVh fl)kar }kjk “kkflr gksrs gSa] tgk¡ ij ifjokj dh HkykbZ dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,] fu;e fu’i{k vkSj U;k;laxr gSA
Lke; lhek vkfn dh rduhdh;ksa dks ,d ifjokj }kjk rS;kj fd, x, fuiVku ds dk;kZUo;u dks tksf[ke esa ugha Mkyk tkuk pkfg,] tks ,d ifjokj esa “kkafr vkSj ln~Hkko cuk, j[kus ds fy, vko”;d gSA
13- vxyk] og dgsxk fd paMhx<+ ,LVsV :Yl] 2007 ds fu;e 16 ds rgr] fdlh Hkh lkbV dk dksbZ fo[kaMu ;k lekesyu tk;t ugh gSA blfy,] nwljs izfroknh ds i{k esa cSukek ds laca/k esa mPp U;k;ky; us vuns[kh dh fd mijksDr :y mldh ihB esa lquk tk,xkA vkxs og gekjs lkeus iznf”kZr djus ds fy, tksj yxk jgk Fkk fd oknh ges”kk igys izfroknh ds fgLls dks ysus ds fy, bPNqd vkSj rS;kj FkkA gkykafd] i=kpkj ls ;g irk pyk gS fd igys izfroknh dh iRuh tksj ns jgh Fkh fd iwjh jkf”k dk Hkqxrku fHkykbZ esa fd;k tk;s] tgka igys izfroknh us fuokl fd;k] tcfd ‘Conveyance’ ¼gLrkUrj.k½ dsoy paMhx<+ esa gh ykxw fd;k tk ldrk gS] tgk¡ ij nkok laifRr fLFkr gSA oknh igys izfroknh dh mfpr ekaxksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, rS;kj Fkk] ysfdu laifRr dks nwljs izfroknh dks ‘Conveyed’ ¼gLrkUrj.k½ dj fn;k x;k FkkA
14- vihydrkZ ds ofj’B vf/koDrk Jh funs”k xqIrk us rdZ fn;k fd Hkys gh oknh dks ojh;rk nh xbZ gks] mUgsa bl vk/kkj ij dke;kc gksuk gksxk fd igys izfroknh }kjk oS/k fcdzh fd;s tkus ls igys ifjokj ds le>kSrs dk [kaM ¼5½ nwljs fgllsnkjksa ls fyf[kr lgefr dh ifjdYiuk djrk gSA

15- blds foijhr] igys izfroknh dh vksj ls is”k gq, ofj’B vf/koDrk /kzqo esgrk us mPp U;k;ky; ds vkns”k dk leFkZu fd;kA og gesa i=kpkj dh rjQ ys x;s vkSj igys izfroknh dh nqnZ”kk dh vksj b”kkjk fd;k] ftldk LokLF; vfuf”pr fLFkfr esa Fkk vkSj og rqjar iSls pkgrk FkkA ,d izLrko fn;k x;k FkkA ik¡p yk[k :Ik;s dk tks izLrko fn;k x;k Fkk] og vuqfpr ugha Fkk] ysfdu oknh izLrko ij dkjZokbZ djus ds fy, rS;kj ugha Fkk vkSj nwljs izfroknh dks “ks;j cspus ds vykok igys izfroknh ds ikl dksbZ fodYi ugha gSA og vkxs crk,axs fd nwljk izfroknh okLro esa laifRr dk ,d vly [kjhnkj FkkA Vªk;y dksVZ vkSj izFke vihyh; vnkyr us xyr rjhds ls ik;k fd og bl vk/kkj ij okLrfod [kjhnkj ugha Fkk fd mlus xokgh nh Fkh fd igys izfroknh dh iRuh us vihydrkZ dks fd, x, izLrko ds ckjs esa mls crk;k A og ;g /;ku fnykrs gSa fd bl ckrphr ls ;g ugha LFkkfir fd;k tk ldrk fd izfroknh ifjokj dh
O;oLFkk ds ckjs esa tkurs Fks vkSj blfy,] nwljk izfroknh okLro esa ,d vlyh [kjhnkj gSA og vkxs f”kdk;r fd igyh vihyh; vnkyr Vªk;y dksVZ dh rqyuk esa ,d dne vkxs pyk x;k gS vkSj ;g Hkh vkns”k fn;k fd nwljk izfroknh oknh dks dCts esa j[ks] Hkys gha fufoZokn :Ik ls og ,d fdjk;snkj Fkk] tks dkuwu dks NksM+dj fu’dklu ds f[kykQ dkuwu ds laj{k.k dk gdnkj FkkA
16- gekjs fu.kZ; ds fy, fuEufyf[kr fcanw mRiUu gksrs gS%&
¼d½ D;k dksbZ ikfjokfjd le>kSrk Fkk\
¼[k½ D;k gkbZdksVZ lgh Fkk] ,d nyhy ds fcuk Hkh] ;g ekurs gq, fd ikfjokfjd le>kSrk vLi’V] vizorZuh; vkSj “kwU; gS\
¼x½D;k igys izfroknh }kjk nwljh izfroknh dks laifRr dh fcdzh ls igys oknh dks izLrko fn;k x;k Fkk \
¼?k½ D;k mPp U;k;ky; ;g ekuus esa lgh Fkk fd vnkyrsa fof”k’V jkgr vf/kfu;ee] 1963 dh /kkjk 20 ds rgr Lofoosd dk iz;ksx ugha dj ldrh gS D;ksafd vuqca/k fo”ks’k :Ik ls ykxw djus ;ksX; ugha gSA
¼M-½ fcdzh ds fy, HkkbZ;ksa }kjk fyf[kr lgefr ds vHkko esa D;k izHkko gS \
¼p½ iatkc dh jkt/kkuh ¼fodkl vkSj fofu;eu½ vf/kfu;e] 1952 ds rgr fopkjk/khu laifRr ds fo?kVu ds f[kykQ fu’ks?k dk D;k izHkko gS \ fu’d’kZ
D;k dksbZ ikfjokfjd le>kSrk Fkk \
17- tgka rd igys loky dk laca/k gS] pkgs nkos ds iSjk 6 esa ifjokj dk le>kSrk Fkk] ifjokj ds fuiVku dk vuqjks/k fd;k x;k FkkA nwljs izfroknh }kjk mlh dk mRrj ;g gS fd fnukafdr 31-03-1982 dk

dfFkr ifjokj fuiVku ,d tkyh vkSj >wBh dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij cuk;k x;k nLrkost gSA ,slk dksbZ ekeyk ugha gS fd ;g ikfjokfjd le>kSrk ugha gSA oknh] mlds HkkbZ ¼igys izfroknh½ vkSj nwljs HkkbZ ¼rhljs izfroknh½ ds chp le>kSrk gks x;kA blfy,] ge bl vk/kkj ij vkxs c<+ ldrs gSa fd ogk¡ ,d ikfjokfjd le>kSrk gSA
D;k ikfjokfjd le>kSrk vLi’V Fkk \
18- mPp U;k;ky; }kjk ;g fu’d’kZ ds laca/k esa fd D;k ikfjokfjd fuiVku vLi’V] vizorZuh; vkSj
“kwU; gS] oknh dh f”kdk;r ;g gS fd ifjokj dk fuiVkjk vLi’V vkSj ykxw uk djus ;ksX; ckjs dksbZ fuosnu ugha gSA Hkkjrh; vuqca/k vf/kfu;e] 1872 dh /kkjk 29 ¼blds ckn bls *vuqca/k vf/kfu;e* la{ksi esa lanfHkZr fd;k x;k gS½ fuEukuqlkj gS%&
Þ29- vfuf”prrkvksa ds pyrs le>kSrs vekU; gS& le>kSrsa] ftldk vFkZ fuf”pr ughaa gS]
;k dqN fuf”pr fd, tkus esa l{ke gS] vekU; gSA&le>kSrsa] ftldk vFkZ fuf”pr ugha gS&;k dqN fuf”pr fd, tkus esa l{ke gS] vekU; gSAß mnkgj.k
¼d½ A, B dks ÞlkS Vu rsyß cspus ds fy, lger gSA ;g fn[kkus ds fy, dqN Hkh ugha gS fd fdl rjg ds rsy dk bjknk fd;k x;k FkkA le>kSrk vfuf”prrk ds pyrs vekU; gSA
¼[k½ ,d fuf”pr fooj.k dk A, B dks lkS Vu rsy cspus ds fy, lger gksrk gS ] tks okf.kT; dh oLrq ekuh tkrh gSA le>kSrs dks “kwU; cukus ds fy, ;gka dksbZ vfuf”prrk ugha gSA
¼x½ A, tks dsoy ukfj;y&rsy dk Mhyj gS] B dks ÞlkS Vu rsyß dks cspus ds fy, lger gksrk gSA , ds O;kikj dh izd`fr “kCnksa ds vFkZ dks iznku djrh gS vkSj , us Þ,d lkS Vu ukfj;y &rsyß dh fcdzh ds fy, vuqca/k fd;k gSA
¼?k½ A, B dks Þjkeuxj esa esjs vukt ds HkaMkj esa iM+s vuktß dks cspus ds fy, lger gksrk gSA
¼M-½ A, B dks Þ lh }kjk r; dh xbZ jde ij ,d gtkj e.k pkoy ß nsus dks lger gSA tSlk fd ewY; dqN fuf”pr djus esa l{ke gS] le>kSrs dks vekU; cukus ds fy, ;gka dksbZ vfuf”prrk ugha gSA

¼p½ A, B dks Þ esjs lQsn ?kksM+s dks ik¡p lkS ;k ,d gtkj :Ik;s esa ß cspus ds fy, lger gSAß ;g fn[kkus ds fy, dqN Hkh ugha gS fd nksuksa esa ls dkSu lh dher nh tkuh FkhA le>kSrk vekU; gSAß
19- Hkkjrh; lk{; vf/kfu;e] 1872 dh /kkjk 93 bl izdkj gS%&
Þ93- vLi’V nLrkost dks le>kus ;k la”kks/ku djus ds fy, lk{; dk cfg’dj.k%& tc fdlh nLrkost esa bLrseky dh tkus okyh Hkk’kk mlds psgjs ij] vLi’V ;k nks’kiw.kZ gksrh gS] lk{; rF;ksa dk ugha fn;k tk ldrk gS] tks bldk vFkZ fn[kk,xk ;k blds nks’kksa dh vkiwfrZ djsxkA mnkgj.k%&
¼d½ A, B dks 1000@& :Ik;s ;k 1500@& :Ik;s esa ?kksM+k fyf[kr :Ik esa cspus dks lger gks x;k gSA izek.k ;g fn[kkus ds fy, ugha fn;k tk ldrk gS fd D;k ewY; fn;k tkuk pkfg, Fkk A
¼[k½ ,d MhM esa fjfDr;ka gksrh gSA lk{; rF;ksa dk ugha fn;k tk ldrk gS] tks
;g n”kkZrs gSa fd os dSls Hkjs tkus okys FksA
20- Ikz”u ‘Res Integra’ ugha gSA bl vnkyr ds rhu fo}ku U;k;k/kh”kksa dh ,d casp us ds”koyky yYywHkkbZ iVsy cuke ykyHkkbZ f=dqey feYl fyfeVsM esa ,d gh loky ij fopkj fd;k vkSj bl rjg ik;k gS%&
Þ10- ,d vkSj ckr ftl ij fopkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A vihydrkZvksa }kjk gekjs lkeus tksjnkj rjhds ls vkxzg fd;k x;k Fkk fd] Vªk;y dksVZ esa] izfroknh }kjk dksbZ nyhy ugha yh xbZ Fkh le; ds foLrkj ds fy, le>kSrk vLi’V vkSj vfuf”pr FkkA bl rjg dh dksbZ nyhy ckWEcs mPp U;k;ky; esa izfroknh }kjk ojh;rk nh xbZ vihy ds vk/kkj ij Hkh ugha yh xbZ gSA ysfdu Li’V :Ik ls mPp U;k;ky; esa ;kfpdk dks djus dh vuqefr nh xbZ vkSj vihydrkZ us ml Lrj ij bl ij dksbZ vkifRr ugha yhA ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk gS fd bl rjg dh nyhy dks igyh ckj ;kfpdk esa mBkus ds fy, vuqefr nsus ds fy, mPp U;k;ky; ds ikl NwV ugha FkhA vkf[kjdkj] tks nyhy nh xbZ] og dkuwu dh nyhy gS] tks iwjh rjg ls i= ds fuekZ.k ij vk/kkfjr gS] tks vuqca/k ds dk;Z ds fy, ekeys dk vk/kkj gS vkSj blfy, ;g vihy vnkyr ds fy, l{ke Fkh fd og bl rjg dh
;kfpdk dks ukxfjd izfdz;k ds dksM 41 fu;e 2 ds rgr mBk, tkus dh vuqefr nsA

;fn] ,d mfpr fuekZ.k ij] nLrkost esa mfYyf[kr “krZ vLi’V ;k vfuf”pr gS] rks fdlh
Hkh lk{; dks mDr vLi’Vrk ;k vfuf”prrk dks nwj djus ds fy, Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA Hkkjrh; lk{; vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 93 ds izko/kku bl fcanq ij Li’V gSaA ;g vdsys nLrkost dh Hkk’kk gS] tks loky r; djsxkA ;g i{k ;k vnkyr ds fy, [kqyk ugha gksxk fd fdlh Hkh ckgjh lcwr ij Hkjkslk djds og vLi’Vrk ;k vfuf”prrk ds nks’k dks nwj djus dk iz;kl djsA bl rjg ds iz;kl dk okLro esa ikfVZ;ksas ds chp ,d u;k vuqca/k cukus dk eryc gksxkA blfy, gesa ugha yxrk fd vihydrkZ vc bl ckr dks izHkkoh <ax ls mBk ldrs gSa fd mPp U;k;ky; esa vLi’Vrk dh nyhy dks lquuk ugha pkfg, FkkAÞ
¼tksj fn;k x;k ½
21- blfy,] bruk gh rF; fd nyhy dks Lohdkj ugha fd;k x;k fd iz”u dk [kaM vLi’V gS] vkSj blfy, ] vizkI; vkSj vekU; vuqca/k dh rjQ vihyh; vnkyr ds jkLrsa esa [kM+k ugha gksxk vkSj] ;fn bldh “krksZa ij ] ;g vLi’V vkSj vizkI; ik;k tkrk gS] rks bls blh rjg ekuk tk;sxkA

22---- iz”u ;g gS fd [kaM ¼5½ tks loky esa gS D;k vLi’V vkSj vizkI; gSA geus ;g ik;k fd ;g iznku djrk gS fd laifRr tks iz”u esa gS] mls fyf[kr :Ik esa rhu HkkbZ;ksa dh lgefr ds fcuk cspk ugha tk ldrk gSA ;g rhu HkkbZ;ksa ds le>kSrs ij cspk tkrk gS] igyh izkFkfedrk nksuksa vU; HkkbZ;ksa dks nh tkrh gSA tc
;g dgk x;k fd laifRr dks fyf[kr :Ik esa rhuksa HkkbZ;ksa dh lgefr ds fcuk cspk ugha tk ldrk gS] rks blds vFkZ ds ckjs esa dksbZ lansg ugha gks ldrk gSA bldk eryc ;g gS fd ;g tks dgrk gS og ;g dgrk gS fd vxj fdlh HkkbZ dks laifRr cspuh gS] rks mls vU; nks HkkbZ;ksa dks fyf[kr :Ik eas lger gksuk gksxk A bl [kaM dks vLi’V ugha dgk tk ldrkA ;g bl igyw ls vyx gS fd D;k ;g LokfeRo ij vo:) gS ;k ;g vU;Fkk vey uk fd;k tk ldus ;ksX; gS] ysfdu bls vLi’V ugha of.kZr fd;k tk ldrk gSA nwljk fookn ;g gS fd tc HkkbZ;ksa }kjk rhljs HkkbZ }kjk fcdzh dh vuqefr nsus dk fu.kZ; fy;k tkrk gS] rc igyh izkFkfedrk nksuksasa vU; HkkbZ;ksa dks nh tkuh gSA ;g bjknk fd;k x;k gS fd fyf[kr lgefr izkIr djus ds ckn rkfd ml laifRr dks rhljs i{k@vtuch dks ugha cspk tk;s] vU; nks HkkbZ;ksa dks ml laifRr dks [kjhnus dks volj fn;k tk;sA [k.M ds bl Hkkx dks bl izdkj vLi’V Hkh ugha dgk tk ldrk gSA fu%lansg] ;g rdZ fn;k tk ldrk gS fd ftl dher ij is”kd”k dh tkuh gS og Li’V :Ik ls mYysf[kr ugha gSA geus ik;k gS fd ;g [kaM HkkbZ;ksa ds chp ,d ikfjokfjd le>kSrs dk fgLlk gSA vnkyrsa

ikfjokfjd le>kSrs ds i{k esa >qd tkrh gSA DykWt ¼5½ [kqn esa bZdjkjukek cS ugha gSA ;g dsoy ,d rjthgh izLrko ij fopkj djrk gS] tks ifjokj ds ckgj ,d fcdzh dks izHkkfor djus okys HkkbZ ds fy, ,d
“krZ ds :Ik esa O;ogkj djsxkA dher dks dsoy cktkj ewY; ds :Ik esa le>k tk ldrk gS] tks mfpr ewY; gksxkA blfy,] gekjk fopkj gS fd vuqca/k dk vLi’V gksus dk mPp U;k;ky; ds fu’d’kksZa dks dk;e ugha j[kk tk ldrk gSA
D;k izfroknh uacj 1 }kjk oknh dks izLrko fn;k x;k Fkk

23---- ge igys i=kpkj ls irk yxk,axs tks Lohd`r :Ik esa oknh vkSj igyh izfroknh dh iRuh ds chp esa gqvk] mlesa okLro esa D;k gqvkA ,fDtfcV ih 16 dks 16-02-1996 dks igys izfroknh dh iRuh “;kek esgrk
}kjk fy[kh xbZ Fkh] og bl izdkj gS%&
Þvknj.kh; larks’k vkSj fryd th] ueLdkj eSa mEehn djrh gwW fd vki yksx [kq”k gksaxsA eq>s gou ds lac/k esa ,d i= feyk Fkk] ftls cqvkth }kjk djok;k x;k FkkA eSaus Hkh igys gou djok;k FkkA Hkxoku vkRek dks “kkafr nsA Hkxoku mls mlds Ikkl txg nsA og vius dfBukbZ;ksa ls NqVdkjk ik pqdh gSa A eS ,d ckj fQj vkidks fy[k jgh gwW fd ;fn vki ;k dqdw gekjs fgLls dh [kjhn esa
:fp j[krs gSa] rks gesa lkSns dks vafre :Ik nsuk pkfg,A gekjh rjQ ls ]lkSnk [kRe gks ldrk gSA gekjh vksj ls 5]00]000@& : vafre gS vkSj eS vafre vuqjks/k dj jgh gwWA eS vafre vuqjks/k Hkst jgh gWw vkSj eS pkgrh gWw fd blls igys fd laifRr cPpksa ds gkFkksa esa pyh tk,] HkkbZ dks fuiVku dj ysuk pkfg,A esgrkth dk LokLFk fnu&c&fnu fcxM+rk tk jgk gSA og ;k=k djus dh fLFkfr esa ugha gSA eq>s mEehn gS fd vki Hkh pkgsaxs fd vkidk csVk vkids lkFk jgs] blfy, igyk izLrko vkidks fn;k tk jgk gS vkSj nwljk izLrko dqdw dks fn;k tk,xk vkSj mlds ckn gh] eS vius fgLls dh fcdzh ckgj d:axhA larks’k dh vkW[kksa dh fLFkfr D;k gSA eq>s mEehn gS fd lq/kkj gksxkA d`I;k crk,a fd eerk bu fnuksa D;k dj jgh gS \ eSa mEehn djrh gwW fd dqN lq/kkj gksxkA mlus viuh fMxzh iwjh dj yh gksxhA d`I;k ef.k] yf{erk vkSj /kzqo dks esjk I;kj nsukA d`I;k /kzqo vkSj yf{erk vkSj uSuh dh rLohjsa HkstsA bu fnuksa] /kqzo dkQh ckrwuh gksxkA d`I;k fHkykbZ vk,aA ge cgqr [kq”k gksaxsA esgrk th us vkidks ueLdkj vkSj cPpksa dks I;kj nsus dks dgk gSA vkids tokc ds bartkj esa] vkidh “;kek

24---- 10-03-1996 dks] ,fDtfcV }kjk] igys izfroknh dh iRuh us bl izdkj fy[kk%&
Þfiz; fryd th vkSj larks’k th ueLdkj ge ;gka vPNs gSa vkSj eq>s mEehn gS fd lc dq”ky eaxy gksaxsA eSaus larks’k th dh HkkHkh dh e`R;q ds ckjs esa lqukA ;g csgn pkSadkus okyk gSA Hkxoku mls “kkafr nsA eaSus frydth ls ckr dh Fkh vkSj muds }kjk iwNs x, fcanqvksa ij izfrfdz;k ns jgh gWaw%&
1- Ck;kuk D;k gksxk \
2- Hkqxrku dSls fd;k tk,xk \
3- D;k nj gksxh \
4- Hkqxrku dgka fd;k tk,xk vkSj cSukek dc iathd`r fd;k tk;sxk \
5- ?kj dSls [kkyh djk;k tk;sxk \
1½ c;kuk jkf”k dk Hkqxrku 1 yk[k ;k nks yk[k :Ik;s dh tk ldrh gS( ;gka rd fd laiw.kZ
Hkqxrku fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj gLrk{kj fd, tk ldrs gSA
2½ vk/kk Hkqxrku Mªk¶V ds ek/;e ls gksxk vkSj “ks’k vk/kk udn esa gksxkA
3½ njksa ds laca/k esa] geus igys gh dkQh de njksa dk gokyk fn;k gS vkSj ;g vafre gSA eSa euq dks crk, fcuk lkSns dks vafre :Ik nsuk pkgrh gwW D;ksafd mlds djds ge bls vafre :Ik ugha ns ik jgs gSa] rks vxyh is”kd”k ,d ckgjh O;fDr dks ns tk;sxhA ;fn lkSnk 1 vizSy rd vafre gks tkrk gS] 15 ds ckn euq vk tk,xk vkSj ;fn vkrk gS] rks og
?kj dks cspus ugha nsxkA
4½ fHkykbZ vkus ij Hkqxrku fHkykbZ esa djuk gksxk D;ksafd Jh esgrk ;k=k djus dh fLFkfr esa ugha gSaA
5½ c;kuk nsus ds ckn] og ?kj dks [kkyh djokus ds fy, uksfVl tkjh djsxk ;k dksbZ vU; rjhdk viuk,xk ¼i<+us ;ksX; ugha½------- ge ns[ksaxsA
Ekq>s vk”kk gS fd vkidks lHkh fcanqvksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh feyh gksxhA d`I;k rqjar fyf[kr esa nsa ;k eq>s Qksu djsaA d`Ik;k cPpksa dks esjk I;kj nsa vkSj vki nksuksa dks esjk lEekuA gLrk{kj@& “;kekÞ

25- Okknh }kjk i= ij fQj ls dksbZ izfrfdz;k ugha dh xbZ gS] gkykafd mlus nkok fd;k fd mlus
23-02-1996 vkSj 22-03-1996 ds i= }kjk izfrfdz;k djh FkhA 01-04-1996 dks iqu% oknh }kjk ihMCYkw&18 dks igys izfroknh vkSj mldh iRuh dks lacksf/kr fd;k Fkk] tks vU; ckrksa ds lkFk] fuEukuqlkj gS%&
ÞQSDl u0 0788324339
QSDl QkWj Jh oh Mh esgrk]
48@6] usg: uxj ¼osLV½] fHkykbZ ¼,e ih½ fjgkbZ”k]
VsfyQksu ua0 324651
13@19&,]paMhx<+
01-04-1996 vknj.kh; HkkbZ vkSj “;kek HkkHkh] ueLdkj] lanHkZ%& lqcg Qksu ij ckrphrA HkkHkh ds i= fnukad 10-03-1996 ds tokc esa]
22-03-1996 dks tokc fn;k x;kA eq[; fcanq gSa ¼1½ vkidk mRrj fcanqokj izkIr gqvk vkSj ifjokj ds lkFk mlij ppkZ dh xbZ vkSj eqy :Ik ls vkidk izLrko gesa eksVs rkSj ij
Lohdk;Z gSA d`Ik;k bl ekeys ij iqufoZpkj djsa vkSj vki nksuksa paMhx<+ vkus dk iz;kl djsaA blds vykok] ge HkkbZ ds LokLFk ds ckjs esa tkurs gSa] vxj vki ;gk¡ ij vk ldrs gSa] rks ge ,d ;k nks dk;Zfnolksa esa vkSipkfjdrk,¡ iwjh dj ysaxs vkSj ,d yk[k :Ik, c;kuk ds lkFk ge bdjkjuke cS Hkh dj ysaxsA orZeku esa] eerk dh oSokfgd ckrphr 4@5 txgksa ij py jgh gS vkSj mudk ,d nwljs ds ?kj vkuk tkuk py jgk gSA gekjh loksZPp izkFkfedrk eerk dh “kknh gS vkSj nwljh izkFkfedrk vkids fgLls ds ckjs esa vkSj uSuh dks
LFkkukarfjr djuk gSA vkidk mfpr izLrko ,sls le; esa vk;k gS fd fu.kZ; ysuk esjs fy, dfBu gSA viuh rjQ ls] eSa bl lkSns dks iwjk djus dh iwjh dksf”k”k d:axkA ckdh ;g
Hkxoku dh ethZ gSA eSa vkSj larks’k nksuksa yxHkx 60 o’kZ ds gSa vkSj gekjk LokLFk Hkh Bhd ugha gSA eSa bl lky vxLr esa lsokfuo`Rr gksus okyk gwaA d`I;k dqN xaqtkb”k gksus ij dqy ewY; dks de djus dk iz;kl djsaA ;fn vki paMhx<+ ugha vkus dk QSlyk djrs gSa] rks eSa vkids ikl ,d ;k nks dk;Zfnolksa esa vkids ikl vkÅaxkA d`I;k fnYyh ls mi;qDr Vªsuksa ds ckjs esa lwfpr djs vkSj okilh dh ;k=k ds fy, Lyhij AA dks fnYyh@vackyk rd vkjf{kr djus dk iz;kl djsaA vk”kk gS fd HkkbZ ds LokLF; esa lq/kkj gks jgk gksxk vkSj lHkh cPps vius LFkkuksa ij [kq”k gksaxsA d`I;k “kh?kz gh mRrj nsa ;k esjs dk;kZy; uacj 0172703603 ij
Qksu ;k QSDl djsaA Þfryd jkt cD”khßA

26- mlh ih 19 dks igys izfroknh dh iRuh }kjk Hkstk tkrk gS] tks bl izdkj gS%&
Þfiz; fryd] ueLdkj eq>s vkidk i= vkSj QSDl feyk gSA eSa vius cPpksa ls lykg ys jgh Fkh] blfy, dqN nsjh gqbZA ekfud vkidks ?kj dk fgLlk nsus ds fy, rS;kj ugha gSA og dkQh xqLls esa gS ysfdu eSus jktho ls ckr dh gSA mUgksaus eq>ls dgk gS fd ;fn vki [kjhnkjh djus esa :fp j[krs gS] rks vkils vuqjks/k gS fd ,d ckj esa iqjh Hkqxrku jkf”k ds lkFk fHkykbZ vk,a vkSj lHkh dkxtkr ij gLrk{kj djok,aA ge mls lwfpr ugha djuk pkgrs D;ksafd og vatw ds lkFk
,d eghus ds fy, nqcbZ esa gSA mlus viuk ohtk ,d eghus ds fy, c<+ok fn;k gS vkSj vxj rc rd mldh ukSdjh yx tkrh gS] rc og ogk¡ jgsxk vU;Fkk og okil vk tk;sxk vkSj ;gk¡ dqN djsxkA eSa vc c;kuk izkIr djuk ugha pkgrhA d`I;k vafre Hkqxrku djsa
D;ksafd paMhx<+ esa dhersa dkQh rsth ls c<+ jgh gS vkSj vkids }kjk r; fd;k x;k nj dkQh iqjkuk gSA blfy,] eSaus vkidks izLrko fn;k gS D;ksafd eq>s iSls dh l[r t:jr FkhA vc t:jr vkidh gSA vxj euq ds okil vkus ls igys lkSnk Qkbuy gks tkrk ] rks ;g
Bkd gS D;ksafd esgrkth dk LokLFk Hkh dkQh uktqd gSA fdlh Hkh fLFkfr esa] eS fdlh Hkh rjhds ls fLFkfr dks laHkkywaxh] ysfdu ckn esa ;g laHko ugha gksxkA fHkykbZ vkus ds fy,] vki vEckyk ls NRrhlx<+ ,Dlizsl idM+ ldrs gSa ;k vki egkek;k lqij QkLV idM+ ldrs gSa] tks fnYyh ls fnu esa 02-20 cts “kq: gksrh gSA futkeqÌhu ls ,d vkSj Vªsu gS] tks lIrkg esa rhu fnu pyrh gS] tks ,d vPNh Vªsu gSA tc Hkh vki vkuk pkgsa] eq>s VsyhQksu ij crk,aA eSa lhV cqd djok yw¡xh D;ksafd xehZ dh NqÍh ds nkSjku Hkkjh HkhM+ gksrh gSA cPpksa dks I;kj djukA vki nksuksa dks ueLdkjA gLrk{kj@& “;kekÞ
27- oknh }kjk bl i= dk dksbZ tokc ugha fn;k A blds ckn ;g gS fd fcdzh 12-11-1997 dks nwljs izfroknh ds i{k esa iathd`r gqbZ FkhA ;g fuLlansg lp gS fd oknh ds odhy us fjdkWMZ ij VsyhQksu fcy dh rjQ gekjk /;ku vkdf’kZr fd;k] tks ;g crkrk gS fd vihykFkhZ izfroknh uacj 1 ;k mldh iRuh ds lkFk mudh laifRr ds laca/k esa vkSj laifRr [kjhnus esa mudh :fp ds laca/k esa muds lkFk lapkj esa FkkA i=kpkj ls] ge ;g ikus esa izo`r gksrs gSA

16-02-1996 ds i= esa] mUgksaus fy[kk fd ;fn oknh ;k dqdw Hkkx [kjhnus esa fnypLih j[krs gSa] rks lkSns dks vafre :Ik nsaA 5 yk[k :Ik, dk Hkqxrku vafre Fkk vkSj og laifRr dks cPpksa ds gkFkksa esa tkus ls igys vkf[kjh ckj izkFkZuk dj jgh gSA esgrkth ¼igys izfroknh½ dk LokLFk fnu cj fnu fcxM+rk tk jgk FkkA og ;k=k djus dh fLFkfr esa ugha FkkA oknh cM+s gS vkSj Hkwry ij jgus okys gS] mUgsa izLrko fn;k x;k Fkk vksj nwljh is”kd”k gj d`’.k yky mQZ dqdw ¼izFke izfroknh dk nwljk
HkkbZ½ dks nh xbZ Fkh vkSj mlds ckn gh ;g izLrko ckgj okys dks feysxkA
28- 10-03-1996 ds nwljs i= esa mlus oknh vkSj mldh iRuh dks fy[kkA ;g mYys[k fd;k x;k Fkk fd c;kuk jkf”k dk ,d ;k nks yk[k :Ik;s dk Hkqxrku fd;k tk ldrk gS] vk/kk Hkqxrku Mªk¶V ds ek/;e ls fd;k tkuk Fkk vkSj “ks’k vk/ks jde dk Hkqxrku udn esa fd;k tkuk FkkA ;g fo”ks’k :Ik ls dgk x;k gS fd njksa ds laca/k esa] mUgksaus igys gh de nke yxk;k gS vkSj ;g vafre gSA ;g /;ku fnyk;k x;k gS fd ;fn
1 vizsSy rd vafre :Ik ugha fn;k tkrk gS] rks 15 vizSy ds ckn] euq ¼igys izfroknh dks csVk½ vk tk;sxk vkSj tkfgj rkSj ij laifRr dks cspus dh vuqefr ugha nsxkA fHkykbZ tkus ij Hkqxrku fHkykbZ esa fd;k tkuk
Fkk] D;ksafd igys izfroknh ;k=k djus dh fLFkfr esa ugha FksA
29- 01-04-1996 ds vafre i= esa] oknh }kjk igys izfroknh vkSj mldh iRuh dks ;g fy[kk gS A mUgksaus igys izfroknh ds LokLFk ds ckjs esa tkx:drk fn[kkbZ gSA blds ckn mUgksaus eerk ¼csVh½ dh fj”rs dh ckrphr dh vksj b”kkjk fd;k] tks mUur voLFkk esa Fkh vkSj 4@5 i{kksa ds chp ckrphr FkhA “kknh loksZPp izkFkfedrk Fkh vkSj nwljh izkFkfedrk igys izfroknh ds fgLls ds ckjs esa FkhA blds ckn] ;g dgk tkrk gS fd igys izfroknh dk Åfpr izLrko ,sls le; esa vk;k gS fd mlds fy, fu.kZ; ysuk dfBu gSA mUgksaus lkSns dks iwjk djus ds fy, viuk iwjk tksj yxk;kA blds ckn] og dgsxk fd dqN xaqtkb”k gksus ij dqy ewY; dks de djus dk iz;kl fd;k tk ldrk gSA
30- i=kpkj okLro esa LFkkfir gksrk gS] blfy,] fd igys izfroknh dk LokLFk [kjkc Fkk vkSj ;g fcxM+ jgk Fkk vkSj mls iSls dh rRdky vko”;drk FkhA ;g fcYdqy Li’V gS fd igys izfroknh us vihydrkZ dks :Ik;k ikap yk[k ds fy, viuk fgLlk cspus ds fy, izLrko fn;k FkkA ;g Hkh Li’V gS fd oknh us fnukad 01-04-1996 ds i= esa Lo;a Lohdkj fd;k gS fd ik¡p yk[k :Ik;s dk izLrko mfpr FkkA Li’V :Ik ls] vihydrkZ us vius csVh dh “kknh ds fy, viuh izkFkfedrk dks Li’V fd;k gSA bldk eryc ;g gS fd

mldks iSls ds fy, mlus l[r tksj fn;k FkkA vU;Fkk igys izfroknh ls vuqjks/k djus ds fy, izLrko gksus ds ckn mldh dksbZ vko”;drk ugha FkhA igys izfroknh dh iRuh }kjk fy[ks x, i= fnukad 15-04-1996 ls irk pykrk gS fd og rc C;kuk izkIr ugha djuk pkgrh Fkh vkSj mlus varr% ekax dh fd vafre Hkqxrku fd;k tk, D;ksafd paMhx<+ esa dhers dkQh rsth ls c<+ jgh Fkha vkSj oknh }kjk r; nj dkQh iqjkuh FkhA mlus bl ckr ij tksj fn;k fd izLrko blfy, fn;k x;k D;ksafd mls iSlksa dh l[r t:jr FkhA vc t:jr oknh dh gSA ;g i=kpkj ;g Hkh n”kkZrk gS fd ik¡p yk[k dh nj oknh dks okLro esa Lohdk;Z Fkh]
D;ksafd oknh }kjk fu/kZkfjr nj ls lanfHkZr i= dkQh iqjkuk gSA ysfdu tehuh rkSj ij dqN Hkh ugha gks jgk
FkkA ;g igyh izfroknh dh iRuh dks ;g crkus ds fy, izsfjr djrk gS fd og dsoy fLFkfr dks fdlh Hkh rjg ls laHkky ysxh] ysfdu ckn esa ;g laHko ugha gksxkA fcdzh ,d o’kZ ls vf/kd le; ds ckn gqbZA ,d ckr Li’V gS fd oknh dks igys izfroknh dh vksj ls ,d izLrko fn;k x;k FkkA
31- ge ihMCyw 4 ds :Ik esa muds c;ku esa Hkh ns[k ldrs gSa] ftlesa oknh us dgk gS fd ;g lgh gS fd rhuksa HkkbZ;ksa us ?kj ds rhu fgLls ,] ch vkSj Hkkx cukdj vkil esa ck¡V pqds FksA fQj og dgrk gS] ;g lq>ko nsuk xyr gS fd izR;sd ekfyd vius lacaf/kr fgLls ds dCts eas Fks] tks foHkktu ij mldks feys FksA
Hkkx , tkfgj rkSj ij oknh ds i{k esa vk;kA mldks ;kn ugha gS fd ch fdlds fgLls esa vk;kA mls ;kn ugha gS fd Hkkx lh dk ekfyd dkSu cuk A og foHkktu ds ckn iwjs ?kj ds dCts esa gksus dk nkok djrk gSA igyk izfroknh vius fgLls dk Hkkx 15&16 lky igys nwljs izfroknh dks ns nsrk gS] mlus c;ku fn;kA mlus c;ku fn;k fd ;g lgh gS fd mls ,fDtfcV ih 16 ds ek/;e ls igys izfroknh dk ,d frgkbZ fgLlk [kjhnus dh is”kd”k dh xbZ FkhA izLrko ds vuqlkj le>kSrs dks fu’ikfnr ugha fd;k tk ldk D;ksafd izfroknh paMhx<+ esa dHkh ugha vk;kA fcdzh jkf”k ds :Ik esa 5 yk[k :Ik;s dk le>kSrk fd;k x;k FkkA ;g
/;ku fn;k tk ldrk gS fd ihMCyw 18 i= esa oknh fy[krs gSa Þ;kfpdk esa dqy ewY; dks de djus dh dksf”k”k dh tkrh gS] vxj dqN xaqtkb”k gSßA og vkxs dgrs gSa] ;gh lgh gS fd mUgksaus fHkykbZ esa Hkqxrku izkIr djus ds fy, ml i= ,fDtfcV ih 19 esa is”kd”k fn;k Fkk vkSj Hkqxrku ds ckn nLrkostksa dks fu’ikfnr fd;k tk;sA mlus LosPNk ls dgk fd pwafd nLrkostksa dks fHkykbZ esa fu’ikfnr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS D;ksafd laifRr loky esa paMhx<+ esa gS] mUgksaus fHkykbZ esa igys izfroknh dks dHkh dksbZ vafre
Hkqxrku ugha fd;kA
32- tkfgj gS] ifjokj ds fuiVku dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,] okLro esa ,d izkFkfedrk fn[kkbZ xbZ FkhA dher oknh ds fy, mfpr vkSj Lohdk;Z Fkh] ftlesa og deh pkgrk FkkA igys izfroknh ds LokLFk vkSj

igys izfroknh vkSj mldh iRuh dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,] ge ,d iy ds fy, ugha eku ldrs fd mUgksaus ifjokj ds le>kSr esa “krZ dk ikyu djus ds fy, izkFkfedrk nsus dk iz;kl ugha fd;k FkkA
D;k mPp U;k;ky; ;g /kkj.k djus esa lgh Fkk fd vnkyrsa fof”k’V jkgr vf/kfu;e 1963 dh /kkjk 20 ds rgr foosd dk iz;ksx ugha djsxh D;ksafd vuqca/k fo”ks’k :Ik ls ykxw djus ds fy, ck/; ugha Fkk \
33- vxyk iz”u gesa djuk pkfg, vkSj mRrj gS fd D;k mPp U;k;ky; ;g ekuus esa lgh Fkk fd vnkyrsa fof”k’V jkgr vf/kfu;e] 1963 dh ?kkjk 20 ds rgr foosd dk iz;ksx ugaha djsaxh] D;ksafd vuqca/k fo”ks’k :Ik ls ykxw ugha fd;k x;k FkkA
34- bl laca/k esa] igyh txg esa ;g loky mBsxk fd dkSu lk vuqca/k gS] ftls ykxw djus dh ekax dh xbZ gSA nkos esa ;g nyhy nh xbZ gS fd igys izfroknh dks vius fgLls ds fuiVku esa :fp Fkh vkSj oknh igys izfroknh ds fgLls dks [kjhnus ds fy, bPNqd vkSj rS;kj FkkA ;g [kkl rkSj ij mYys[k fd;k x;k gS fd rhljs izfroknh ¼nwljk HkkbZ½ us igys izfroknh ds fgLls dks [kjhnus esa dksbZ :fp ugha fn[kkbZA var esa] tks jkgr ekaxh xbZ gS] og gS specific performance ¼rdehy eqvkgnk½ vkSj ;g dgk x;k gS fd ,d fMdzh ikl dh tk, vkSj izfroknh dks ;g vknsf”kr fd;k tk, fd og ?kj ds ,d rhgkbZ fgLls dks okfn dks csps rFkk vacant possession of the demised portion dks oknh ds gokys djsA ;g nwljs izfroknh ds i{k esa fcdzh ds f[kykQ jkgr ds vykok gSA
35- vc vkbZ, Vªk;y dksVZ ds QSlys ij fopkj djrs gSaA vU; ckrksa ds lkFk lkFk] Vªk;y dksVZ us ;g
Hkh ekuk gS fd ,d ifjokfjd le>kSrk gqvk gS] ,d i=kpkj gS] ,oa VsyhQksu ds fcy Hkh gSaA mUgksaus ekeyk bl izdkj cuk;k fd ifjokfjd le>kSrs dh “krksZa ds vuqlkj okfn dks izFke izfroknh ds fgLls dks [kjhnus ds fy, dHkh Hkh vkWQj ugha fd;k x;k A vr% }hfr; izfroknh ds gd esa fd xbZ fcdzh null and void gS] D;ksafd og bonafide [kjhnkj ugha gSA oknh dk ;g gd gS fd mls [kjhnkjh ds fy, first preference fn;k tk,A lsdaM izfroknh ds gd esa fd, x, fcdzh fd jk”kh 4-80 yk[k gS] ysfdu izFke izfroknh bl jkf”k esa viuh laiÙkh ¼fgLlk½ cspus ds fy, ck/; ugha gSA ysfdu og bl ckr ds fy, ck/; gS fd og viuh laifÙk ¼fgLlk½ dks fdlh vU; lnL; ds gkFk cspus ls igys oknh ,oa izfroknh u0 3 dks vkWQj djs] D;ksafd ifjokfjd le>kSrs esa fcfdz jkf”k ds rkSj ij dksbZ Hkh [kkl jkf”k dk o.kZu ugha fd;k x;k

FkkA bu fu’d’kksZa dh cqfu;kn ij Vªk;y dksVZ us ;g QSlyk fn;k fd oknh] izfroknh u0 1 ds fgLls dks
[kjhnus ds fy, 31-03-1982 ds le>kSrs dh “krksZa ds vuqlkj ‘specific performance’ dk gdnkj gSA bl izdkj ;g ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd ifjokfjd le>kSrs dks bdjkjukek ds rkSj ij fy;k x;k gS] rFkk oknh rdehy eqvkgnk (specific performance of the agreement) dk gdnkj gSA
36- igyh vihyh; vnkyr us ;g ekuk gS fd bl ckr dks lc us Lohdkjk gqvk gS] fd ?kj] oknh] izFke izfroknh] ,oa rhljs izfroknh ds firk dk gSA mUgksaus viuh lEifÙk;ksa ,oa bl ?kj ds gokys ls ,d iathd`r olh;r ukek fy[k fn;k FkkA ;g ik;k x;k fd >xM+k flQZ bl ckr ij gS fd D;k ,d&frgkbZ fgLls dks
[kjhnus ds fy, izLrko fn;k x;k Fkk] rFkk D;k oknh bls eatwj djus dks vkxs vk, \ ;g Hkh ik;k x;k fd lsdaM izfroknh dks laifÙk LFkkukarfjr djus ls igys fyf[kr :Ik esa oknh ls eatwjh ugha yh xbZA oknh rS;kj ,oa bPNqd FkkA ysfdu izFke izfroknh us ifjokfjd le>kSrs dh “krksZa dk vYya?ku fd;k A vihyh; vnkyr us Vªk;y dksVZ ls vkxs tkdj oknh dh cross-appeal dks eatwj fd;k rFkk ;g vkns”k ikfjr fd;k fd lsdaM izfroknh] oknh dks vacant possession gSaM vksoj djsxk] ;g ikrs gq, fd relief of delivery ,d vuqofrZ jkgr gS tks eatwj djus ;ksX; gSA ;g Hkh /;ku j[kus okyh ckr gS fd Vªk;y dksVZ us eqdnes dk QSlyk specific relief ds fy, fd;k gS vkSj mudk rdZ ;g gS fd ifjokfjd le>kSrs ds vuqlkj] izFke izfroknh dks igyh rjthg oknh dks nsuh Fkh rFkk ;g Hkh ik;k x;k fd izFke izfroknh
Rs. 4.80 yk[k :Ik;s esa fcdzh djus ds fy, ck/; ugha Fkk] ftl ij izFke izfroknh us lsdaM izfroknh dks cspk gSA mls tks djuk Fkk og ;g gS fd og bl ckr ds fy, ck/; Fkk fd og laifÙk dks fdlh Hkh vU; lnL; dks cspus ls igys oknh dks t:j vkWQj djrk A
37- bu QSlyksa ds v/;u ls fuEufyf[kr ckrsa lkeus vk,axhA
1- vihyh; vnkyr us ;g ik;k gS fd IyasV dh izksiVhZ ds ekfyd firk [kqn FksA rhuksa yM+dksa
¼csVksa½ dks cjkcj fgLlk feyk A
2- Vªk;y dksVZ us ;g ik;k gS fd izFke izfroknh }kjk oknh dks dksbZ vkWQj ugha fd;k x;k A ;g specific performance dk vkns”k ikfjr djrk gS] bl cqfu;kn ij fd izFke izfroknh dks oknh dks rFkk r`rh; izfroknh dks ,d vkWQj djuk iM+sxk] ;g ikus ds ckn fd izFke izfroknh
Rs. 4.80 yk[k :Ik;s ij laifÙk cspus ds fy, vkWQj djus ds fy, ck/; ugha FkkA nwljh

rjQ] vihyh; vnkyr us Hkh specific performance dk vkns”k ikfjr dj fn;k gS ,oa ;g dgk gS fd izkiZVh dk dCtk lsdaM izfroknh }kjk oknh dks fn;k tk,A bdjkjukek fnuk¡d
31-03-1982 dh “krksZa ds vuqlkj] fu’d’kksZa ,oa funsZ”kksa esa nks lkQ =qfV;kWa gSa A ;g Lohd`r ckr gS fd lsdaM izfroknh crkSj tenant igys ls gh laifÙk ij dkfct FkkA vxj lc dqN oknh ds gd esa vkrk gS] ml ds ckn Hkh] mls ¼lsdaM izfroknh½ dkuwu ds vuqlkj gh ckgj fd;k tk ldrk gSA nwljs “kCnksa esa] vxj ;g ik;k Hkh tkrk gS fd izFke izfroknh }kjk lsdaM izfroknh ds gd esa assignment xSj dkuwuh gS] mlds ckotwn mls viuk dCtk cjdjkj j[kus dk gd gS] tc rd fd mls relevant dkuwu ds rgr (relevant law for the eviction of tenants) fudkyk u tk,A vr% dCtk deliver djus dk vkns”k lkQ rkSj ij unsustainable gSA nwljh =qfV ftlus vihysV dksVZ ds QSlys dks fu’izHkkfor dj fn;k og
;g fd bl us ;g ekuk fd bdjkjukek fnukad 31-03-1982 dh “krksZa ds vuqlkj oknh specific performance dk gdnkj gSA vihyh; vnkyr us rc xyrh dj nh tc bl us specific performance dk vkns”k ikfjr dj fn;k] bl cqfu;kn ij fd ifjokfjd le>kSrs esa vpy laifÙk dks cspus dk contract Fkk vkSj dqN bl esa fufgr ugha FkkA le>kSrs dh “krsZa tSls fd& dher ftl ij laifÙk [kjhnh ,oa csph tkuh gS] ifjokfjd le>kSrs esa bldk o.kZu ugha gS] ftls Vªk;y dksVZ us Bhd fpfUgr fd;k gSA vihyh; vnkyr us ;g ugha ekuk gS fd oknh Rs.4.80 yk[k :Ik;s esa laifÙk dks [kjhnus dk gdnkj gS] ftl dher ij izFke izfroknh us bls lsdaM izfroknh dks cspk gSA vxj ;g ekuk tk, fd ;g vkns”k Vªk;y dksVZ ds vkns”k dks duQeZ djrk gS] rks dher ftl ij bls cspk tkuk gS] mls flQZ ml vkWQj ¼tks Vªk;y dksVZ ds QSlys ds vuqlj.k esa fd;k x;k gSA½ dh cqfu;kn ij fuf”pr fd;k tkrk A bl izdkj] specific performance dk dksbZ Hkh QSlyk] tSlk fd izFke vihyh; vnkyr }kjk ikfjr fd;k x;k gS] ikl ugha fd;k tk ldrk FkkA
38- blls ,d vkSj loky iSnk gksrk gSA D;k ifjokfjd le>kSrs dh “krksZa esa right of preemption
“kkfey gS ,oa right of preemption rFkk bdjkjukek cS; ds rgr laifÙk [kjhnus ds vf/kdkj ds chp
D;k varj gS \

39- K.Naina Mohamed (supra) esa bl dksVZ dk QSlyk ,d olh;r ukek ij eq”krfey Fkk] tks olh;rdrkZ dh nks cguksa ds gd esa iathd`r fd;k x;k FkkA vU; ckrksa ds vykok] bl clh;r ukek esa ;g fy[kk Fkk fd mu nksuksa cguksa ¼tks viuh ftUnxh esa laifÙk;ksa dk bLrseky dj ldrh Fkha½ dh ekSr ds ckn] iq:’k mÙkjkf/kdkjhx.k dks crkSj ekfyd dkfey fopkjk/khu nksuksa laifÙk;k¡ feysxhA nksuks laifÙk;k¡ crkSj
‘A’ ,oa ‘B’ ds :Ik esa o.kZu fd;k x;k FkkA blds ckn og [k.M (11) fuEu :Ik ls of.kZr gS%
Þ(11) tc lkfo=h vEey ds iq:’k mÙkjkf/kdkjh laifÙk ‘A’ izkIr dj ysaxs] blh izdkj tc :deuh vEey ds vÙkjkf/kdkjh laifÙk ‘B’ izkIr dj ysrs gSa] vkSj rc vxj muesa ls dksbZ viuk fgLlk cspuk pkgrs gSa] rks mUgsa nwljs fgLlsnkjks dks flQZ ml oDr ds ekdsZV jsV ij cspuk gksxk] fdlh vtuch dks fcYdqy ughaAÞ
40- vihydrkZ ds odhy us eq[; :Ik ls ;g rdZ fn;k Fkk fd izFke izfroknh le>kSrs ds v/khu vius nkf;Roksa dk lEeku ¼ikyu½ t:j djs vkSj bl ekeys dks right of preemption ¼gd “kqQk½ ds :Ik esa fy;k tkuk pkfg,A ;gh dkj.k gS fd bl dksVZ ds mi;qZDr QSlys esa ;g dgk x;k gS fd clause(11) gd “kqQk dh izd`fr esa Fkk] ftls nksuksa cgu ds iq:’k mÙkjkf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk] nwljs cgu ds mÙkjkf/kdkjh }kjk laifÙk dh fcfdz dh fLFkfr esa ykxw djok;k tk ldrk gSA
“kCn ÞvU; fgLlsnkjÞ Þnwljh cgu ds iq:’k mÙkjkf/kdkjhß ds fy, FkkA bl igyw ij ge dqN dgsa] blls igys ge gd “kqQk ds ekStw ij t:j fopkj djsaA
41- Bishan Singh V. Khazan Singh esa dksVZ us ekeys dks Li’Vrk ds lkFk j[kk gSA blfy, geus dkuwu ds fuEufyf[kr dFku dks is”k djrs gSa%
Þ7- mBk, x, iz”u dk larks’ktud mÙkj nsus dk iz;kl djus ls igys] “kq: esa gh gd
“kqQk dks felky nsdj le>uk gksxkA Plowden, J us 136 P.R.1894 esa ist u0 511 ij laf{kIr ,oa Li’V statement of law is”k fd;k gS] tks bl izdkj gS%
“A preferential right to acquire land, belonging to another person upon the occasion of a transfer by the latter, does not appear to me to be either a right to or a right in that land. It is jus ad rem alienum acquirendum and not a jus in re aliena….. A right to the offer of a thing about to be sold is not identical with a right to the thing itself, and that is the primary

right of the pre-emplor. The secondary right is to follow the thing sold, when sold without the proper offer to the pre-emptor, and to acquire it, if he thinks fit, is spite of the sale, made in disregard of his preferential right.” mi;qZDr dFku ;g n”kkZrk gS fd ,d pre-emptor ds nks jkbZV gSaA%&
¼1½ varfuZfgr ;k izkFkfed vf/kdkj ;kuh csph tkus okyh pht ds izLrko dk gd vkSj
¼2½ }hrh; csph xbZ pht dks QkWyks djus dk mipkjkRed vf/kdkjAÞ
42- ge ;g Hkh lksprs gSa fd iSjkxzkQ 11 dh rjQ roTtg nsuk Hkh equkflc jgsxkA
Þ11- oknh u flQZ lkfcr djus ds fy, ck/; gS fd mldk vf/kdkj u flQZ mruk gS ftruk fd [kjhnkj dk cfYd ml [kjhnkj ls T;knk Hkh gSA r; fd, x, ekeyksa us ;g ekuk gS fd ;g Js’B vf/kdkj ml le; t:j ekStwn gksuk pkfg,] tc pre-emptor vius vf/kdkj dk iz;ksx djrk gS rFkk og vf/kdkj [kRe gks tkrk gS vxj ml le; rd nwljk vkneh] leku ;k Js’B vf/kdkj ds lkFk vly [kjhnkj dh txg ys ysrk gSA vnkyrksa us bl vf/kdkj ij cgqr xgurk ls /;ku ugha fn;k gS] laHkor% bl dkj.k ls fd og viuh laifÙk dks vyx djus ds fy, ekfyd ds vf/kdkj ij jksd ds :Ik esa dk;Z djrk gSA vr% fodzsrk ,oa [kjhnkj nksuksa dks ;g vf/kdkj gS fd os dkuwuh :Ik ls ,lh fLFkfr;ksa ls [kqn dks cpk,¡] ftlds dkj.k gd “kqQk dh laHkkouk curh gSA [kjhnkj bl vf/kdkj dks /oLr dj ldrk gS] ,d rival pre-emptor dks laifÙk cspdj] ftlds ikl cjkcj ;k Js’B vf/kdkj gSA la{ksi esa&¼1½ gd “kqQk dk laca/k fcfd gqbZ pht ls ugha gS] cfYd tks pht fcdus okyh gS ml ds fy, mls vkWQj feys] blls gSA ;g vf/kdkj primary ;k inherent vf/kdkj dgykrk gSA ¼2½ pre-emptor ds ikl fcdh gqbZ pht dks QkWyks djus ds fy, secondary ;k remedial vf/kdkj gSA ¼3½ ;g substitution dk vf/kdkj gS u fd re-purchase dk tSls fd pre-emptor chp esa vk tk, rFkk vlyh [kjhnkj ds gd dks gM+Ik ysA ¼4½ ;g fcdh gqbZ iwjh laifÙk dks gkfly djus dk vf/kdkj gS] u fd fcfd gqbZ laifÙk ds ,d fgLls dks gklfy djus dk A¼5½ pw¡fd bl vf/kdkj dk ewy rRo rjthg gS] blfy, oknh dk vf/kdkj [kjhnkj ;k mldh txg

izfrLFkkfir O;fDr dh cfuLcr vko”;d :Ik ls Js’B gksA ¼6½ pw¡fd ;g vf/kdkj cgqr detksj vf/kdkj gS] vr% bls lHkh cS/; :Ik ls /oLr fd;k tk ldrk gS] tSls fd [kjhnkj fdlh Js’B ;k cjkcj vf/kdkj ds nkosnkj dks viuh txg ij izfrLFkkfir dj nsA
(emphasis supplied)
43- gd “kqQk dk vf/kdkj vke rkSj ij izFkk ;k oS/kkfud izko/kku ls mRiUu gksrk gSA bl dsl esa( ge gd “kqQk ;k izFkk ds oS/kkfud vf/kdkj ij cgl ugha djsaxsA gesa vko”;d :Ik ls gd “kqQk ds igys fl)kar ij ykSVuk gksxk] ftls Bishan Singh (supra) esa o.kZu fd;k x;k gS ,oa ftls ge us fu/kkZfjr fd;k gSA ge bl cqfu;kn ij vkxs c<+saxs fd ,d ifjokfjd le>kSrk gd “kqQk ds vf/kdkj dks tUe ns ldrk gSA ysfdu D;k ;g dsl gd “kqQk ds vf/kdkj ds iz;ksx dh ek¡x djrk gS \ vihydrkZ us viuh
;kfpdk esa tks jkgr ekaxh gS] og bl izdkj gS%&
“14. That the suit for the purposes of court fee and jurisdiction for relief of declaration is Rs. 19-50 paise declaration and accordingly court fee i.e Rs. 19-50 paise is affixed on the plaint. The value of the suit for the jurisdiction or court fee for specific performance is Rs. 4,80,000/- and accordingly court i.e Rs. ------- if affixed on the plaint. vr% ;g izkFkZuk gS fd oknh ds gd esa rFkk izfroknh u0 1 ,oa 2 ds f[kykQ fMdzh ?kksf’kr dh tk,] rFkk cS; ukek fnuk¡d 12-11-1997 dks izkjEHk ls gh null and void djkj fn;k tk,] ,oa izfroknh dks vknsf”kr djrs gq, rdehy eqvkgnk (specific performance) dh fMdzh ikl dh tk,A gkml u0 13] lsDVj 19-A paMhx<+ ¼lkbV Iyku esa yky jax ls n”kkZ;k gqvk½ dk ,d &frgkbZ fgLlk cS; ukek }kjk oknh dks u cspk tk,] rFkk vacant possession of demised portion dks oknh dks gSUM vksoj u fd;k tk,A ;k dksbZ vkSj jkgr ftldk oknh dkuwuh :Ik ls gdnkj gS] mls xzkUV fd;k tk,A nkok dks dkWLV ds lkFk fMdzh dh tk,A
44- ge ;g ns[krs gSa fd ;kfpdk esa ;g Li’V ugha fd;k x;k gS fd vihydrkZ us tks ekax dh gS og gd “kqQk dk vf/kdkj gSA vxj nkos dk lacU/k gd “kqQk ds vf/kdkj ls Fkk] vkSj bl vk/kkj ij dk;Zokgh djrs gq, fd vihydrkZ fcfd gqbZ laifÙk ds fy, viuh lsdaMjh jkbZV dk bLrseky dj jgs Fks] rks jkgr ;g

gksrk fd [kqn dks [kjhnkj@lsdaM izfroknh dh txg ij izfrLFkkfir dj ysA tSlk fd bl dksVZ us ekuk gS] gd “kqQk dk vf/kdkj] nqckjk [kjhnkjh djus dk vf/kdkj ugha gSA ;gk¡ rd fd gd “kqQk dk ekeyk gksus ds ukrs] bl vk/kkj ij dk;Zokgh ds pyrs] tSlk fd gkbZ dksVZ ,oa gekjs }kjk ekuk x;k gS] igyh rjthg oknh dks nh xbZA tgkW rd K.Naina Mohamed (supra) ds QSlys dk rkYyqd gS] mDr dsl ds olh;r dk [k.M ¼11½ vtuch;ksa ds i{k esa gLrkukarj.k dks oftZr dj fn;kA bl dsl esa] tks clause gekjs fopkj esa gS] og fuf”pr :Ik ls fdlh vtuch ds i{k esa gLrkukarj.k (alienation) ij iw.kZ izfrca/k ugha yxkrk gSA ;g cl bruk fopkj djrk gS fd tc fcdzh ds fy, HkkbZ;ksa }kjk fyf[kr esa lgefr igys dne ds :Ik esa izkIr dj yh tkrh gS rc HkkbZ;ksa dks vkWQj is”k dh tkrh gSA blfy, ge ;g ugha lksprs gSa fd oknh }kjk gd “kqQk ds fl)karksa dk gokyk nsuk mfpr gksxkA fcfdz ds fy, HkkbZ;ksa dh fyf[kr lgefr dk u gksus dk vlj
45- vihydrkZ ds vuqlkj] fooknLin clause ds nks ikVZ gaS] igyk] vxj rhljk HkkbZ viuk fgLlk cspuk pkgrk gS] rks nks HkkbZ;ksa dh vksj ls fyf[kr lgefr dk gksuk t:jh gSA nwljk ikVZ ;g gS fd vtuch “k[l dks VªkUlQj djus ls igys] nwljs HkkbZ;ksa dks vko”;d :Ik ls vkWQj fd;k tk,A eq[; ckr
;g gS fd ,d ifjokfjd le>kSrk fd;k x;k Fkk] rkfd dksbZ vtuch laifÙk esa nkf[ky u gks ldsA
46- bu lokyksa dk tokc nsus ds fy,] ifjokfjd le>kSrs ls lacfU/kr case law ij Hkh fopkj djuk t:jh gksxk rFkk mu izfrca/kksa ij Hkh /;ku nsuk gksxk] ftls bl rjg ds le>kSrs ds rgr laifÙk vf/kdkj ij yxk;k tkrk gSA Muhammad Raza (supra) esa] ftl ij oknh fuHkZj gS] nks f”k;k eksgeMuksa ds chp ,d le>kSrs ds rgr] izfroknh] oknh ls “kknh djus dks lger gks x;kA izfroknh igys ls gh
“kknh”kqnk FkkA le>kSrs ds rgr] vU; ckrksa ds vykok] ;g iznku fd;k x;k fd oknh] izfroknh dh igyh iRuh ds lkFk laifÙk ds vk/kk fgLlk dk ekfyd cu tk,xhA ysfdu ;g Hkh dgk x;k fd oknh] igyh iRuh dh rjg gh] laifÙk dks fdlh vtuch dks LFkkukUrj.k djus ds fy, Hkh l”kDr ugha gksaxsA ekydkuk gd nksuksa ifRu;ksa ds dkuwuh mÙkjkf/kdkjf;ksa dks] ih<+h nj ih<+h] eqUrfdy gksuk FkkA fookn rc mRiUu gqvk tc igyk oknh fiNys dsl esa@nwljh iRuh }kjk ejus ls igys vius fgLls dks cspus@fx<+oh j[kus dh ckr lkeus vk;hA iRuh ds eqUrfdy vySg (transferees) }kjk mBk, x, ,d nyhyksa esa ls ,d nyhy
¼ tks igys ds eqdnesa esa oknh Fkh] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:Ik le>kSrk gqvk Fkk½ vtufc;ksa dks laifÙk dh fcfdz

ds f[kykQ izfrca/k dh oS?krk ds ckjs esa FkhA mi;qZDr igyw ls fuiVus ds fy, privy council dk ;g dguk Fkk%&
Ekuuh; U;k;k/kh”kx.k dks bu eksfdQksa dh vgfe;r dk ,glkl gSA mUgsa ;g ekuus esa eqefdu gS ijs”kkuh Hkh gqbZ gksxh fd lqxjk chch dks mudh ftUnxh ds vykok dqN Hkh ugha feykA ysfdu vihydrkZvksa dh ekusa rks mlus ¼lqxjk chch½ fojklr dh ,d laifÙk yh Fkh] exj blds ckotwn mu ij izfrca/k Hkh yxk gqvk Fkk ¼nLrkost ds O;Dr “kCnksa ds rgr½ fd og tkbnkn fdlh vtuch dks VªkUlQj ugha dj ldrhA ekuuh; U;k;k/kh”kx.k dks blesa dksbZ lansg ugha gS fd Þvtuchß dk eryc ml fdlh Hkh O;fDr ls gS] tks ifjokj dk lnL; ugha gS] rFkk vihydrkZx.k fu%lansg bl lanHkZ esa vtuch gSaA vr% tc rd fdlh dkj.k ls bl izfrca/k dks vLohd`r ugha fd;k tkrk gS] laifÙk ij mudk dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha curk gSA bl /kkj.kk ij fd lqxjk chch us nLrkost dh “krksZa ds rgr ,d fuckZ/k laifÙk (absolute estate) yh rFkk ftl ij ;g izfrca/k tqM+k Fkk] ekuuh;
U;k;k/kh”kksa dk ;g lkspuk gS fd izfrca/k ije ugha gS cfYd vkaf”kd gSA ;g flQZ fdlh vtuch dks VªkUlQj djus ls jksdrk gSA ifjokj ds fdlh lnL; dks VªkUlQj djus ds fy, og LorU= gSaA blfy, loky ;g gS fd D;k VªkUlQj djus ds vf/kdkj ij bl rjg ds vkaf”kd izfrca/k] vU;Fkk fuckZ/k laifÙk ds lkFk brus vlaxr gSa fd bls vko”;d :Ik ls fujLr ,oa O;FkZ le>k tk,A bl loky ij] ekuuh; ttksa dk [;ky gS fd j?kqukFk izlkn flag dk dsl vihydrkZx.k ds fy, dksbZ lgk;rk okyk ugha gS] D;ksafd VªkUlQj djus ds vf/kdkj ij yxk izfrca/k ije Fkk rFkk
;g clh;r ds tfj, fn;s x, migkj ¼fx¶V½ ls lacaf/kr FkkA vr% ekuuh; ttksa dh jk; esa bl dsl esa ;g le>uk egRoiq.kZ gS fd nLrkost ftlds rgr vihydrkZvksa us viuk nkok cuk;k gS] og ,d fgCck ukek (Gift deed) ;k nLrkost bUrsdky tk;nkn ¼,d ikVhZ }kjk nwljh ikVhZ ds gd esa½ ugha Fkk] cfYd bldk Li:Ik muds chp dkWUVªSDV ds :Ik esa Fkk] mu “krksZa ij ftu ij efgykvksa dks ysuk FkkA feyfd;r ftls lqxjk chch us fy;k og muds ,oa vQty gqlSu ds chp fooknkLin FkkA vius ijLij fojksf/k nkoksa ds le>kSrs esa ¼tks fd ,d ikfjokfjd le>kSrk Fkk½] ;g lgefr gqbZ fd mls (she) ogh ysuk pkfg, tks mlus fuf”pr “krksZa ij nkok fd;k FkkA bu “krksZa esa ,d “krZ ;g Fkh fd og ifjokj ls ckgj ds fdlh lnL; dks laifÙk VªkUlQj ugha djsxhA vihydrkZvksa }kjk ekuuh; ttksa dks ;g vkxzg fd;k x;k fd ;g dgk tk, fd ;g “krZ ml ij
(she) vfuok;Z ugha Fkk rFkk mlus tks fy;k mls og mudks (applants) VªkUlQj djus ds fy, LorU= gSaA

47- ;g fpfUgr fd;k tk,xk fd privy council us bl rF; dh fu”kkUnsgh dh fd oknh dks igys ds eqdnesa esa le>kSrs ds rgr ekydkuk gd feyk] ftlesa vtufc;ksa dks fcdzh ds f[kykQ izfrca/k FkkA ;g fgck ukek@nLrkost bUrsdky tk;nkj ugha Fkk] cfYd ;g ,d dkWUVªsDV ds :Ik esa FkkA muds ijLij fojksf/k nkoksa ij gq, le>kSrs ds ckn] og (she) dqN “krksZa ij jkth gqbZ] muesa ls ,d ;g Fkk fd laifÙk dks vtufc;ksa dks ugha cspk tk ldrk A dksVZ us bl vk/kkj ij Hkh ekeys dks ns[kk fd Transfer of property Act. 1882 ds ikl gksus ds ckn] ,d vkaf”kd izfrca/k inter vivos transfer ¼,d O;fDr dh ftUnxh esa fd;k x;k laifÙk dk LFkkukUrj.k ½ ds ekeys esa mfpr ugha gksxkA
48- K.Naina Mohamed (supra) ekeys esa] laifÙk ds ekfyd us] ,d iathd`r olh;r }kjk viuh nks cguksa ds gd esa ykbZQ bUVªsLV tksM+ fn;kA olh;r esa ;g ntZ fd;k x;k fd cguksa dh e`R;w ds ckn] muds iq:’k mÙkjkf/kdkjh dk laifÙk ij iw.kZ vf/kdkj gksxk] bl “krZ ds lkFk fd os fdlh vtuch dks laifÙk ugha cspasxsA cguksa us laifÙk dks vkil esa ck¡V fy;k A ,d cgu ¼vkSj mlds csVs us½ viuh laifÙk ¼fgLlk½ vihydrkZ ds gd esa csp nhA bl lsy dks bl vk/kkj ij pSysat dj fn;k x;k fd ;g ofl;r dh “krZ dk mYya?ku gSA vius QSlys esa bl dksVZ us fuEu izdkj ls viuh jk; j[kh%
Þ38- tc ge bl dsl ij okil ykSVrs gSa( rks ge ;g ikrs gSa fd olh;r fnukad
22-9-1951 dks iathd`r dj ds] Jhefr jkekDdy vEey us viuh nks cguksa ds gd esa ykbZQ bUVªsLV tksM+ fn;k] rFkk ;g “krZ yxk nh fd mudh e`R;w ds ckn] muds iq:’k mÙkjkf/kdkjh laifÙk A ,oa B ij dze”k% iw.kZ vf/kdkj izkIr dj ysaxs] bl “krZ ds lkFk fd vxj muesa ls fdlh dks Hkh laifÙk cspuk gksxk rks os flQZ vU; fgLlsnkj dks gha csp ik;saxs
¼ ekStwnk ekdsZV jsV ds vuqlkj½ u fd fdlh Hkh vtuch dks A [k.M 11 esa fufgr izfrca/k ije (absolute) ugha Fkk D;ksafd nksuksa cguksa ds iq:’k mÙkjkf/kdkfj;ksa ds chp VªkUlQj dh vuqefr FkhA bl izfrca/k dks “kkfey djus ds ihNs dk edln ;g Fkk fd ;g lqfuf”pr dj fn;k tk, fd laifÙk nksuksa cguksa ds ifjokj ds ckgj u tk,A lkfo=h vEey ,oa
:defu vEey ds iq:’k mÙkjkf/kdkjh;ksa us mu ij laifÙk ds laca/k esa “krZ;qDr ekydkuk gd iznku fd;s tkus ij loky [kM+k ugha fd;kA vr% vihydrkZ ftlus mi;qZDr “krZ dk mYya?ku djrs gq, laifÙk B [kjhnh mls ;g dgrs gq, ugha lquk tk ldrk fd ofl;r ds [k.M 11 esa fufgr izfrca/k dks O;FkZ ekuk tkuk pkfg, D;ksafd ;g perpetuity
¼fpjLFkkf;Ro½ ds fo:) cuk, x, fu;e dk mYya?ku gSAÞ

49- gd “kqQk (preemption) ds loky ij fopkj djrs gq, vnkyr us fuEufyf[kr :Ik ls viuh jk; j[khA
Þ44- mi;qZDr dh jkS”kuh esa ge vc ;g fopkj esa yk ldrs gSA fd c;k olh;r dk
[k.M 11 ¼iathd`r }kjk Jherh jkeDdy vey½ perpetuity ds fo:) cuk, x, fu;e dk mYya?ku gS ;k ughaA vxj ml [k.M dks olh;r ds [k.M 4 rFkk 10 ds lkFk i<+k tk,] rks ;g Li’V gks tkrk gS fd olh;r djus okys dh nksuksa cguksa dks ¼lkfo=h vEey rFkk :deuh vEey½ la;qDr :Ik ls viuh ftUnxh esa laifÙk ¼?kj½ dk bLrseky djuk Fkk] fcuk fdlh rjg ds Hkkj (encumbrance) mRiUu fd;s gq,] rFkk mudh e`R;w ds ckn muds iq:’k mÙkjkf/kdkjh laifÙk A ,oa B esa ije vf/kdkj (absolute rights) ds ik=
FksA nksuksa cguksa ds iq:’k mÙkjkf/kdkjh vius fgLls dks nwljs fgLlsnkjksa dks rRdkyhu ekdsZV oSY;w ij csp ldrs FksA vr% ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd Jherh jkeDdy vEey us vizR;{k
:Ik ls viuh cguksa ds iq:’k mÙkjkf/kdkfj;ksa ij preferential right iznku fd;k Fkk rkfd os nksuksa esa ls fdlh Hkh cgu ds iq:’k mÙkjkf/kdkjh ds fgLls dks [kjhn ldsA bldh izd`fr right of pre-emption dh Fkh] ftls fdlh Hkh cgu ds iq:’k mÙkjkf/kdkjh }kjk laifÙk dh fcdzh dh fLFkfr esa] nwljs cgu ds iq:’k mÙkjkf/kdkjh }kjk ykxw djok;k tk ldrk FkkA vxj “kCn “other sharers” ¼nwljs fgLlsnkj½] tks [k.M 11 esa of.kZr gS] dh
O;k[;k ml lanHkZ esa dh tk, ftl esa bldk bLrseky olh;r esa gqvk gS] rc blesa dksbZ lansg ugha gks ldrk fd blus nwljh cgu ds iq:’k mÙkjkf/kdkjksa dk gokyk fn;k gSA [k.M
11 esa tks ek= izfrca/k mYysf[kr Fkk] og laifÙk dks vtuch dks VªkUlQj djus ls lacaf/kr
FkkAß
(Emphasis supplied)
50- Privy Council }kjk r; fd, x, ekeys esa] Muhammad Raza (supra) esa] ,d lwV esa fooknksa dh isaMsalh ds nkSjku] ,d le>kSrk fd;k x;k Fkk] ftl esa vU; ckrksa ds vykok] i{kksa ds chp fookn dks lekIr dj fn;k x;k vkSj oknh dk laifÙk ds Åij vf/kdkj dks Lohd`r fd;k x;k exj bl “krZ ds lkFk dh laifÙk dks vtufc;ksa ds gkFk cspus dk dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha gksxkA bl ekeys esa] tSlk fd igys gh mYys[k fd;k x;k gS] izFke izfroknh dk laifÙk ¼ds fgLls½ ij gd dk irk firk }kjk iathd`r olh;r

ls yx tkrk gSA vjth ls ;g irk pyrk gS fd legatees ¼ os yksx ftuds gd esa ofl;r fd xbZ gks½
;kfu fd HkkbZ;ksa us Estate Office esa vkosnu fn;k rFkk laifÙk dks HkkbZ;ksa ds gd esa VªkalQj fd;k x;k
¼eseks fnuk¡d 10-7-1981 dh “krksZa ds vk/kkj ij½ A ,d “krZ ;g Fkh fd lkbZV dk dksbZ fo[kaMu
(flagmentation) ugha gksxkA bl ds ckn HkkbZ;ksa ds chp fookfnr le>kSrk gqvk FkkA vr% tc muds vf/kdkj ekfydksa ds :Ik esa fdzLVykbt gks x,] rc Hkkb;ksa ds chp ifjokfjd arrangement gqbZA blesa dksbZ “krZ tqM+h gqbZ ugha Fkh] tSlk fd Muhammad Raza (supra) ds ekeys esa ,slk Fkk] ftlesa nkos esa gq, jkthukek ds QyLo:Ik vf/kdkj dh izkfIr gqbZ] ysfdu bl “krZ ds lkFk fd laifÙk fdlh vtuch dks ugha csph tk ldrh A fu%lansg] HkkbZ gksus ds ukrs] os HkkbZpkjk cuk, j[k ldrs Fks] vkxs ds fooknksa ls cp ldrs Fks] ,oa ,d ifjokfjd le>kSrk dj ldrs FksA
51- izFke izfroknh us viuk fgLlk lsdaM izfroknh dks csp fn;k gSA DykWt ds rgr D;k izFke izfroknh laifÙk fdlh vtuch dks csp ldrk gS \ og csp ldrk gS c”krsZ fd fcfdz ds fy, vU; Hkkb;ksa }kjk fyf[kr lgefr gks vkSj vU; HkkbZ;ksa dks vkWQj fn;k tk pqdk gS( rFkk mu dkj.kksa ls fcfdz laHko u gks] ftUgsa ml HkkbZ ls eUklwc u fd;k tk lds tks cspus ds bPNqd gSaA ge ;g ikrs gaS] fd izFke izfroknh }kjk vihydrkZ dks vkWQj fn;k x;k FkkA og bl ij dkjZokbZ djus esa foQy jgs gSaA nwljs HkkbZ dks vkWQj u fn;s tkus ls dksbZ eryc ugha gS( rFkk mlus lsdaM izfroknh dks laifÙk csps tkus ij dksbZ fookn ugha
[kM+k fd;k gSA vjth ds voyksd.k ls irk pyrk gS fd oknh }kjk fuEufyf[kr ekeyk cuk;k x;k gSA
Þ7- ;g fd izfroknh u0 1] gkml u0 19&A] pUMhx<+ esa vius fgLls dks cspus dk bPNqd Fkk] rFkk vihydrkZ izfroknh u0 1 ds fgLls dks [kjhnus dk igys ls gha bPNqd
FkkA vkSj vihydrkZ vusdksa jfkLVMZ i=] VsfyQksu ,oa FAX ds tfj, yxkrkj izfroknh ua0 1 ds “ks;j dks [kjhnus dh bPNk O;Dr djrk jgk gSA
8- ;g fd izfroknh u0 1 vkSj mldh choh ,oa yM+dk] izfroknh u0 1 dh vksj ls yxkrkj i=kpkj@ckrphr djrs jgs gSa] rFkk ;g oknk djrs jgs gSa fd os laifÙk vihydrkZ dks cspsaxs] D;ksafd izfroknh ua0 3 us izfroknh ua0 1 dh laifÙk ¼fgLlk½ dks [kjhnus esa dksbZ
:fp ugha fn[kkbZ vkSj og izfroknh l0 1 ds fgLls ¼⅓½ dks Hkh [kjhnus esa fdlh izdkj ls bPNqd ugha FkkA
9- vihydrkZ dks ;g tkudj gSjkuh gqbZ fd izfroknh l0 1 us viuk fgLlk ¼⅓½ izfroknh la0 2] tks fd fdjk;knkj gS ,oa og igys ls gh ml fgLls esa jg jgk Fkk] dks iwjh

rjg ls xqIr :Ik ls csp fn;k gS] vihydrkZ dks crk, cxSj rFkk ifjokfjd cVokjk ,oa feuV~l fnuk¡d 31-3-1982 dh “krksZa ds foifjr ¼tksfd vihydrkZ] izfroknh la0 1 ,oa 3 ds chp gqvk Fkk½A ud”kk tks ml fgLls dks n”kkZ ¼ykrk½ jgk gS] ftls izfroknh ua0 1 us izfroknh u0 2 dks cspk gS] bl vjth ds lkFk layXu gSAÞ
52- vr% ekax ;g gS fd rdehy eqvkgnk (specific performance) fd;k tk,A vihydrkZ us ;g nkok fd;k gS fd ,d le>kSrk (contract) gqvk FkkA ,d dkWuVªSDV esa ,d vkWQj varfuZfgr gS tks fd
Lohd`r gS rFk ftldk eryc ;g gS fd izfroknh dh rjQ ls ,d vkWQj FkkA ftl i=kpkj dk geus gokyk fn;k gS] og gesa ;g ekuus esa la{ke djrk gS fd ,d izHkkoh vkWQj fn;k x;k Fkk] rFkk ;g vihydrkZ ds fMQkWYV ds dkj.k materialize ugha gks ik;k A
53- vc vxj DykWt dks ljy fd;k tk,] rks blesa fuEufyf[kr pj.k gSaA ,d HkkbZ vius fgLls
(share) dks cspus dk ,syku djrk gSA og nwljs HkkbZ;ksa ls fyf[kr lgefr dh ek¡x djrk gSA fyf[kr lgefr ns nh tkrh gSA rc] nwljk pj.k vkrk gSaA cspus okyk HkkbZ nwljs HkkbZ;ksa dks vkWQj djrk gS] vxj os vkWQj dcwy djrs gS] ,oa ewY; ij ikfVZ;ksa esa lgefr cu tkrh gS] rks fcdzh gks tkrh gSA vxj HkkbZ yksx ugha [kjhnuk pkgrs gSa] rks vtufc;ksa dks fcfdz djus dh vuqefr gSSA mijksDr izfdz;k esa] ¼bl dsl ds rF;ksa esa½ ;g Li’V gS fd vihydrkZ rFkk izFke izfroknh fyf[kr lgefr ij tksj fn, fcuk] HkkbZ;ksa dks vkWWQj nsus ds pj.k esa x,A vihydrkZ us izFke izfroknh dks ;g eku ysus esa vxzlj dj fn;k fd cxSj fyf[kr lgefr ds Hkh fcfdz djus dh vuqefr gSA izFke izfroknh us lkQ rkSj ij bl vk/kkj ij dk;Z fd;k gS fd igys pj.k dh vko”;drk ij fdlh dh vksj ls Hkh tksj ugha fn;k tk jgk gSA vU;Fkk] og fuf”pr :Ik ls lgefr izkIr dj ldrk FkkA bl rjg ls ekeys esa dkjZokbZ djus ds ckn] ,oa lsdaM LVst vk tkus ds ckn tc mu dkj.kksa ds fy, ftu esa xyrh ds fy, izfroknh la0 1 dks ftEesnkj ugha Bgjk;k tk ldrk] rFkk vkWQj ¼ftls vihydrkZ [kqn mfpr crkrk gS½ ftlesa vihydrkZ us :fp ugha fn[kkbZ] rhljk pj.k vkx;kA bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd izFke izfroknh ds fy, ;g lkQ gks x;k fd vtuch dks laifÙk csp ldrk gS] vkSj ;gh mlus fd;k ¼lsdaM izfroknh dks cspdj½A ;gk¡ rd fd tc ge DykWt dks ykxw djus ds fy, vkxs c<+rs gSa] ge ;g ikrs gSa fd vihydrkZ Li’V :Ik ls Hkkb;ksa dh fyf[kr lgefr dh vuqifLFkfr dks viuh nyhy cukus ls cp jgk gSA ;g vlaxr gksxk] [kkldj tc ge Hkkjr ds lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 136 ds rgr nk;j fd;s x, vihy esa bl ekeys ij fopkj dj jgs gSaA

Ikatkc jkt/kkuh ¼ fodkl ,oa fu;e½ vf/kfu;e 1952 ds rgr fookfnr laifÙk ds fo[kaMu ij yxkbZ xbZ izfrca/k dk vlj
54- vkxs dh ck/kk cuh gqbZ gS] gkykWafd fcfdz ds ifj.kkeLi:Ik fo[kaMu dks jksdus okys dkuwu dk mYya?ku gksxkA iatkc jkt/kkuh vf/kfu;e 1952 “site” dks lsD”ku 2(f) esa bl rjg ifjHkkf’kr djrk gS&
ÞdksbZ Hkh tehu tks dsUnz ljdkj }kjk lsD”ku 3 ds rgr VªkUlQj dh tkrh gSAß
55- vf/kfu;e dk lsD”ku 3 fuEu izdkj ls gS%&
Þ3 paMhx<+ esa tehu rFkk edku ds VªkUlQj esa dsUnz ljdkj dh “kfDr &
¼1½ bl lsD”ku ds izko/kkuksa ds v/khu] dsUnz ljdkj paMhx<+ ds ljdkjh tehu ;k fcfYMax dks fcfdz dj ldrh gS] iÍs ij ns ldrh gS] ;k fdlh vkSj :Ik esa VªkUlQj dj ldrh gS] pkgs fuykeh ds tfj,] vkoaVu ds tfj, ;k fdlh vU; :Ik esa ¼ bl vf/kfu;e ds “krksZas ds v/khu½A
¼2½ sub section (1) ds v/khu fdlh Hkh rjg ds gLrkarj.k ds fy, consideration money dk Hkqxrku dsUnz ljdkj dks bl rjg ls ;k bl izdkj ds fdLr rFkk bl dher ij fd;k tk,xk tks fd fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk,xkA
¼3½ fdlh nwljs dkuwu esa fufgr dqN vkSj pht ¼ tks fQygky ds fy, ykxw gSA½ ds ckotwn] tc rd fd iwjh consideration money ¼C;kt ds lkFk] vxj dksbZ gS½] tks dsUnz ljdkj dks fdlh fcfYMax ;k lkbZV ¼;k nksuksa½ ds LFkkukarj.k ds dkj.k ns; gS] mls sub section (1) ds rgr vnk ugha dj nh tkrh gS] ,slh lkbZV ;k fcfYMax ¼;k nksuksa½] tSlk Hkh gks] dsUnz ljdkj dks lacaf/kr jgsxhA
56- 1952 Act dk section 4] dsUnz ljdkj ,oa phQ ,MfefuLVªsVj dks ;g “kfDr nsrk gS fd os fdlh fcfYMax ;k lkbV ds laca/k esa ¼mu ekeyksa ds laca/k esa tks ;gka of.kZr fd, x, gSaA½ fn”kk&funsZ”k tkjh dj ldrs gSaA “kCn “transferee vf/kfu;e ds section 2(k) esa fuEu izdkj ls ifjHkkf’kr fd, x, gSaA

“ 2 (k) transferee dk vFkZ gS ,d O;fDr ¼,d QeZ ;k O;fDr;ksa ds vU; fudk;] pkgs “kkfey gks ;k u gks½ ftls bl vf/kfu;e ds rgr fdlh lkbV ;k fcfYMax dks fdlh Hkh rjhds ls LFkkukarfjr fd;k tkrk gS] ftlesa mlds mÙkjkf/kdkjh Hkh “kkfey gSaAß

57- 1952 vf/kfu;e dk lsD”ku 4 ¼2½ fuEu izdkj ls gS%&
Þ4 ¼2½ izR;sd transferee sub section (1) ds rgr tkjh fd, x, funsZ”kksa dk ikyu djsxk] rFkk ftruh tYnh gks lds og bekjr [kM+k djsxk ;k bl rjg ds funsZ”kksa dk ikyu djus ds fy, vko”;d dne mBk ldrk gSAß
58- vf/kfu;e 1952 dk lsD”ku 5 paMhx<+ esa fdlh Hkh fcfYMax ds fuekZ.k ;k dCts dks jksdrk gS (sub- section (2) ds rgr cuk, x, fcfYMax :y ds mYya?ku esa½ A “kCn ÞfcfYMaxß lsD”ku 2 (c) esa fuEu
:Ik ls ifjHkkf’kr gS%
Þ 2 (c) ÞfcfYMaxß dk eryc gS dksbZ Hkh fuekZ.k ;k fuekZ.k dk fgLlk tks dsUnz ljdkj
}kjk LFkkukarj.k fd;k tkrk gS] lsD”ku 3 ds rgr] rFkk ftldk mi;ksx vkokfl;]
O;kikfjd] vkS|ksfxd ;k dksbZ vkSj m|s”; ds fy, fd;k tkuk gS] pkgs okLrfod mi;ksx gks
;k u gks] rFkk blesa dksbZ Hkh out-house, stable, cattle shed ,oa garage, ;k dksbZ
Hkh bekjr tks lsD”ku 3 ds v/khu dsUnz ljdkj }kjk fdlh Hkh tehu ij fuekZ.k fd, x, gksa] lc “kkfey gSaAß
59- mijksDr izko/kkuksa ds voyksd.k ls ;g lkQ gks tkrk gS fd “kCn “site” dk eryc dksbZ Hkh Hkqfe gS] tks 1952 Act ds lsD”ku 3 ds vUrxZr LFkkukarj.k fd;k tkrk gSA tc lsD”ku 3 ds “krksZa dh ckr vkrh gS] rks ;g dsUnz ljdkj dks fuykeh] vkoaVu ;k vU; rjhds ls Hkwfe ;k fcfYMax ¼tks pUMhx<+ esa ljdkj ds rgr gSa½ dks LFkkukarj.k djus ds fy, “kfDr ij fopkj djrk gS] ,sls “krksZa ij tks fdlh Hkh fu;e ¼ftls vf/kfu;e ds rgr cuk;k tk ldrk gSA½ ds v/khu gks ldrs gS] tks ljdkj dks yxs fd Fkksiuk mfpr gSA bl izdkj] gkyk¡fd ;g dsUnz ljdkj ij gS fd og pkgs rks 1952 Act ds section 3 ds rgr tehu ;k fcfYMax ¼tks pUMhx<+ esa ljdkj ds rgr gS½ dks VªkUlQj dj ldrh gSa] ysfdu “kCn
ÞlkbVß dsoy ml Hkwfe rd flfer gSa] tks /kkjk 3 ds rgr dsUnz ljdkj }kjk LFkkukarfjr fd tkrh gSA

okLro esa] “kCn ÞfcfYMaxß] tSlk fd vf/kfu;e esa ifjHkkf’kr gS] ml fuekZ.k ¼;k fuekZ.k dk Hkkx½ dks bafxr djrk gS] ftls /kkjk 3 ds rgr LFkkukarfjr fd;k tkrk gSA blesa vkmVgkml] LVScy] dSVy “ksM ,oa xsjkt “kkfey gSa] vkSj blesa dsUnz ljdkj }kjk gLrkukarfjr fdlh Hkh Hkwfe ij [kM+h bekjr Hkh “kkfey gSA fuekZ.k dk m|s”; vko”;d :Ik ls vkokfl;] okf.kfT;d] vkS|ksfxd ;k fdlh vU; m)s”; ds fy, fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ÞlkbZVß ,oa ÞfcfYMaxß esa Li’V varj cuk, j[kk tkrk gSA The Chandigarh (Sale of
Sites and Building) Rules, 1960 cuk;k x;k A 1952 AC dh /kkjk 22 dsUnz ljdkj dks fofHkUu m|s”;ksa ds fy, fu;e cukus dks “kfDr iznku djrk gS] ftudk mYys[k mi/kkjk ¼2½ esa fd;k x;k gSA blesa 1952 AC dh /kkjk 2(a), 2(d), 2(e) rFkk 2(h) “kkfey gSa] tks fuEu izdkj ls gSa%
Þ2(a) oks “krsZa ftu ij dksbZ Hkh Hkwfe ;k fcfYMax dks dsUnz ljdkj }kjk gLrkarfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA xxx xxxx xxxx
2(d) “krsZa ftuds v/khu] fdlh Hkh lkbZV ;k Hkou esa fdlh Hkh vf/kdkj ds gLrkarj.k dh vuqefr fn tk ldrh gSA
2(e) fdlh Hkh bekjr dk fuekZ.k ;k fdlh Hkh lkbZV dk mi;ksxA
2(h) bl vf/kfu;e ds rgr gLrkukarfjr lkbZV ij [kM+h fd tkus okyh bekjr ls lacaf/kr “krsZa(ß
+60- Chandigarh (sale of sites and Building) 1960 ds fu;e 14 esa ;g izko/kku gS fd fdlh
Hkh lkbZV dk fo[k.Mu vuqekU; ugha gSA ifj.kkeLo:Ik] vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 3 ,oa 22 dk mi;ksx djrs gq,]
Chandigarh Estate Rules, 2007 cuk;k x;kA :y 16 dk laca/k fragmentation/amalgamation ls gS] tks bl izdkj gS%
Þ16- fo[kaMu@,dhdj.k@ fdlh Hkh lkbZV ;k Hkou ds fo[kaMu ;k ,dhdj.k dh vuqefr ugha gksxhA c”krsZ fd nks ;k nks ls vf/kd layXu lkbZVksa dk ,dhdj.k dsoy
O;kikfjd ;k vkS|ksfxd lkbZVksa dh fLFkfr esa gh fd;k tk,xk] tks bl “krZ ds v/khu gSa fd la”kksf/kr ;kstuk,¡ l{ke inkf/kdkjh ¼,Mokal esa½ }kjk vuqeksfnr gSaA bl “krZ ds lkFk fd

ethn fo[k.Mu ¼ fdlh Hkh lkbZV dk ½ dks eUtwjh nh tk,xh] vxj ;g iz”kklu }kjk tkjh vf/klwpuk@;kstuk ds varxZr vuqeksfnr gSAß
61- ;g 1960 ds fu;eksa ds fu;e 14 vkSj 2007 ds fu;eksa ds fu;e 16 esa fufgr izko/kkuksa ds cy ij gS fd vihydrkZ ;g rdZ nsxk fd izFke izfroknh ds fgLls ds vlkbZuesaV us dkuwu dk mYya?ku fd;k gSA nwljh rjQ] lsdaM izfroknh ;g crk,xk fd vnkyrksa ds lkeus fo[kaMu dk dkbZ eqn~nk dHkh ugha mBk Fkk vkSj vnkyrksa esa Hkh bl ij dksbZ QSlyk ugha gqvk FkkA
62- lsdaM izfroknh }kjk ;g nkok fd;k tkrk gS fd mÙkjoknh u0 1 ds gd esa fd;k x;k cS; ukek
[kkl rkSj ij ;g dgrk gS fd cS; lsDVj 19 A] paMhx<+ ds vkoklh; ?kj l0 13 esa ,d &frgkbZ fgLls ds laca/k esa gSA ;g nyhy nh tkrh gS fd fcfdz ds ckn] paMhx<+ iz”kklu }kjk ikVhZ dk ,d&frgkbZ fgLlk dkuwuh :Ik ls mÙkjoknh la0 1@lsdaM izfroknh ds uke ls gLrkarfjr ,oa nkf[ky [kkfjt fd;k x;kA mPp U;k;ky; us] nj vly] vihydrkZ }kjk mBk, x, bl vkifÙk dks vge ekurs gq, ;g fpfUgr fd;k gS fd tSls gh lsdaM izfroknh us izFke izfroknh dh txg ys yh] og l%ekfyd cu x;k] rFkk vc mlds fy, ;gh mik; gS fd og rdlhe ds fy, eqdnek djs] vkSj D;ksafd laifÙk dk fo[kaMu Lohdk;Z ugha gS] rks laifÙk dk cktkj eqY; fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk ldrk gS] vkSj ,d nwljs ds fgLls dks [kjhnus dks Hkh ¼vf/kfu;e
1893 ds /kkjk 2] 3] vkSj 4 ds izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj½ A
63- gkyk¡fd laHko gS fd ;g lp u gks fd fo[k.Mu dk eqÌk dksVZ esa ugha mBk;k x;k Fkk] ge ;g lksprs gSa fd vihydrkZ gesa ;g ;dhu djkus esa vl{ke gSa fd lsdaM izfroknh ds gd esa assignment bl vk/kkj ij detksj gS fd ;g fo[kaMu ls lacaf/kr gSA geus ?kj ds foHkktu ¼rhu fgLlksa esa½ ds ckjs esa oknh ds Ck;ku dks ns[kk gSA geus bl rF; dks vafdr dj fy;k gS fd paMhx<+ iz”kklu }kjk ,d frgkbZ& fgLlk dkuwuh :Ik ls izFke mÙkjoknh@lsdaM izfroknh ds uke ls gLrkarfjr ,oa nkf[ky [kkfjt Hkh gks x;k gSA

64- lsdaM izfroknh us i=kpkj fnuk¡d 19-12-1997 izLrqr fd;k gS] tks ;g n”kkZrk gS Sector 19 A ds lkbZV dk vf/kdkj] tks fo’.kw nÙk esgrk ¼izFke izfroknh½ dk gS] og dqN “krksZa ds lkFk lsdaM izfroknh ds gd esa VªkUlQj gqvk gSA ;g tkfgj gS 2007 Rules ds otwn esa vkus ls igys dk gSA
65- mi;qZDr rF;ksa dh jkS”kuh esa] ge vihydrkZ dks ;g vuqefr ugha ns ldrs fd og mi;qZDr vk/kkj ij ysu&nsu dks izfrokn (impugn) djsA
66- mijksDr ppkZ dk fu’d’kZ ;g gS fd vihydrkZ dh nyhy [kkfjt djus ;ksX; gSA ge ,slk djrs gSaA vihy [kkjht dh tkrh gSA ikVhZ;ka [kqn viuk [kpkZ ogu djsaxhA v”kksd Hkw’k.k] U
U;k;
;k;
;k;
;k;ewfrZ ewfrZ ewfrZ ewfrZ ds ds ds ds----,e
,e
,e
,e----tkslsQ]U;k;ewfrZ tkslsQ]U;k;ewfrZ ubZ fnYyh vxLr 20] 2019
×××××××× vLohdj.k% {ks=h; Hkk’kk esa vuqokfnr fu.Zk; ls vk”k; dsoy i{kdkjksa dks mudh viuh Hkk’kk esa le>us ds fy, gS ,oa bldk iz;ksx fdlh vU; m)s”; ds fy, ugha fd;k tk ldsxkA lHkh O;ogkfjd ,oa dk;kZy;hu m)s”;ksa ds fy, fu.kZ; dk vaxzsth laLdj.k gha izekf.kr gksxk rFkk fu’iknu vkSj fdz;kUo;u ds m)s”; ds fy, izHkkoh ekuk tk,xk A
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