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Fw;wj; jPh;g;g[ gpd;tUkhW cWjpbra;ag;gLfpwJ:- @44/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; fhc&;kPh; rp';. j-bg/ mh;$^d; rp';?Ig; bghWj;jtiuapy;. mtUf;F mkh;t[ ePjpkd;wj;jhy; kuz jz;lid tpjpf;fg;gl;L. gpd;tUk; fhuz';fSf;fhf mJ cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; cWjpbra;ag;gl;lJ: mnjnghd;W. bfhiy g[hpa[k; bfhoa kdepiyiag; gpujpgypf;Fk; rPh;bfl;l kdepiyahy; nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd fhc&;kPh; rp'; xU ghpjhgfukhd. ghJfhg;gw;w MW taJ FHe;ij gy;gPh; rp'; cw';fp bfhz;oUf;ifapy; mjd; capiug; gwpj;Jtpl;lhh;/@,t;thwhf. ePjpkd;wj;jpd; kdr;rhd;iw cYf;fpa. 6 taJ FHe;ij. bfhiyahy; gypahd,g;bghUz;ikna,e;j fhc&;kPh; rp'; tHf;if mhpjpDk; mhpa tHf;fhf;Ftjw;F nghJkhdbjdj; bjhpatUfpwJ/ 19/ Knfc&; ?vjph;? khepy muR (bly;yp vd;/rp/o/). (2017) 6 v!;/rp/rp/ 1 vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wk;. ePjpaurh; jPgf; kp!;uh mth;fs; kw;Wk; ePjpaurh; Mh;/ ghDkjp mth;fspd; gy jPh;g;g[iufis tpthjpf;Fk; tha;g;gpidg; bgw;wpUe;jJ. mtw;wpy;. Fw;wj;jpid fLikahf;Fk; kw;Wk; kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; N:H;epiyfisg; ghprPypj;jgpwF.,e;ePjpkd;wk; bfhoa Fw;w';fisg; bghWj;jkl;oy; kuz jz;lidianah my;yJ Ma[s; rpiwj;jz;lidianah jPh;tspj;Js;sJ/ ePjpaurh; jPgf; kp!;uh mth;fspd; jPh;g;g[iuapy; 322?MtJ jPh;g;g[iuapypUe;J.,t;tidj;J jPh;g;g[iufSk; kpft[k; tphpthf Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sjhy;. eh';fs; kPz;Lk;,jid Twj;njitapy;iy/ 349?Mk; gj;jpapy;. jd";b$a; rhl;lh;$p ?vjph;? nkw;F t';f khepy muR. (1994) 2 v!;/rp/rp/ 220 Fwpg;gplg;gl;oUe;jJ. mjpy;. 18 taJ bgz;iz td;g[zh;r;rp bra;J bfhiy bra;jjpy;.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; kuz jz;lidia cWjpbra;jjpy; Kot[w;wJ/ mjw;F,izahf. 350 kw;Wk; 351?MtJ gj;jpfspy;. yc&;kz; ehaf; ?vjph;? xhprh khepy muR. (1994) 3 v!;/rp/rp/ 381 vd;w tHf;F Fwpg;gplg;gl;oUe;jJ. mjpYk; 7 taJ rpWkp. mtsJ khkhbghpag;gh-rpj;jg;gh?My; td;g[zh;r;rp bra;ag;gl;L. bfhiy bra;ag;gl;ljpy;.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; kuz jz;lid cWjpbra;jjpy; Kot[w;wJ/ nkw;go jPh;g;g[iuapd; 353 kw;Wk; 351?MtJ gj;jpfspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;oUe;j gz;L ?vjph;? cj;jug; gpunjr khepy muR. (2008) 11 v!;/rp/rp/ 113 kw;Wk;,uhn$e;jpu gpufyhj;uht; t!;epf; ?vjph;? kfhuhc&;ou khepy muR. (2012) 4 v!;/rp/rp/ 37 Mfpaita[k;,njnghd;w tHf;FfshFk;/ 20/ gj;jp 356?,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;oUe;j mf;jhh; ?vjph;? cj;jug; gpunjr khepy muR. (1999) 6 v!;/rp/rp/ 60 vd;w,njnghd;wbjhU tHf;fpy;,sk;bgz; xUth; td;g[zh;r;rp bra;ag;gl;L. bfhiy bra;ag;gl;lhh;. mjpy;,e;ePjpkd;wk; Ma[s; rpiwj;jz;lid tpjpj;jJ. Vbdd;why;. mt;tHf;fpy; mg;bgz; td;g[zh;r;rp bra;a Tl;or;bry;yg;gl;lhnsad;wp. jpl;lkpl;nlh my;yJ Kd;rpe;jidnaJk; bra;njh mtis bfhiy bra;atpy;iy vd;W rhl;rpfspd; rhl;rpak; bjhptpj;jJ/ mnjnghd;W. 357?MtJ gj;jpapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;oUe;j kfhuhc&;ou khepy muR ?vjph;? guj; gfpuh jpthh;. (2002) 1 v!;/rp/rp/ 622?,y;. 3 taJ bgz; FHe;ij td;g[zh;r;rp bra;ag;gl;L. bfhiy bra;ag;gl;l tHf;fpy;. Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;lth; Kd;djhf cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; tpLjiy bra;ag;gl;oUe;jjhy;. @,t;tHf;F *mhpjpDk; mhpjhd tHf;F* ////// vd;w mghafukhd gFjpf;fUnf cs;sJ@ vd;w bghUz;ikapUg;gpDk;. kuz jz;lid tpjpg;gijj; jtph;g;gjhf,e;ePjpkd;wk; jPh;khdpj;jJ/ 21/ 358 Kjy; 362 tiua[s;s gj;jpfs;. tre;jh rk;gj; Jghnu ?vjph;? kfhuhc&;ou khepy muR. (2017) 6 v!;/rp/rp/ 631 vd;w tHf;if tpthjpj;jJ. mjpy; xU,sth; bgz; FHe;ij td;g[zh;r;rp bra;ag;gl;L. bfhiy bra;ag;gl;lhs;/,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; kuz jz;lid cWjp bra;ag;gl;lJ/ jPh;g;g[iu kWMa;tpd;fPH;,Ue;jnghJ Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;lth;,s';fiy gapw;rp gog;ig Koj;jpUe;jhh;. nkYk; rpiw gjpntl;oYk; mth; Fwpj;J ve;jf; Fiwa[k; Twg;gltpy;iy vd;w bghUz;ik,Ue;jnghJk;. gpd;dh; bghJ kd;wj;jpy; kWMa;t[ kDit tprhhpj;jgpwF kuz jz;lid kPz;Lk; cWjpbra;ag;gl;lJ/,jpypUe;J ve;jf;fUj;J Kd;dpWj;jg;gLfpwbjd;why;. 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Kw;wpYk; fl;Lf;fl';fhj rpw;wpd;g Mirapy; fl;Lz;L. mUtUf;fj;jf;f kpUfj;jdkhd czh;r;rpf;F Ml;gl;L.,itaht[k; Fw;wk; g[hpa nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; kdij Ml;og;gilj;jijaLj;J.,J xl;L bkhj;j kf;fspd; kdjpy; @Rdhkp@ te;jijg;nghd;W cYf;fp. bkhj;jj;jpy; ehfhPf rK:jhaj;jpd; rhuhk;rj;ij mHpj;Jtplyhk;/@ xxx xxx xxx @512/,sk;bgz; xUtiu bfhL:ukhf Tl;L td;g[zh;t[ bra;J mtuJ me;ju';fg; gFjpapy;,Uk;g[f; fk;gp brUfpa kpft[k; ga';fukhd fhl;Lkpuhz;oj;jdkhd braypy; <Lgl;L. mtiu bfhiy bra;j,t;tHf;fpy;. eh';fs;,';F chpa jz;lidj; jPh;tspf;f flikg;gl;Ls;nshk;/ MW ngh; xd;WTo Tl;Lr;rjp bra;J,r;braiy bra;jdh;. mth;fs; xU bghJ nghf;Ftuj;jhd ngUe;ij. gazpfis <h;f;Fk;tz;zk; fhl;rpg;bghUshf;fp. mth;fsplk; Fw;wk; g[hpe;J nkhrkhd fspahl;lj;jpy;,Ue;jdh;/ gypahdtiu td;g[zh;r;rp bra;J. rpj;utij bra;a[k; cl;fUj;Jld; mtiua[k;. mtuJ ez;gida[k; jPabaz;zj;Jld; KdPh;fh ngUe;J epiyaj;jpypUe;J Vw;wp te;jdh;/ Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;lth;fs; gypahdtiu flj;jpanjhld;wp. mtiu Tl;L td;g[zh;t[ bra;J. mtiu tha;tHp g[zh;t[bfhs;s gyte;jg;gLj;jp. mtuJ cjLfs;. fd;d';fs;. khh;gfj;ij foj;J. mtuJ me;ju';f gFjpapy;,Uk;g[ fk;gpia brUfpajhy;. mJ nahdpf;FHha; gFjp. rpWFlypd; eLg;gFjp kw;Wk; kyf;Fliy fpHpj;J ga';fukhd fha';fis tpistpj;jJ/ bfhL:ukhd Kiwapy; Fw;wk; g[hpag;gl;lijg; ghh;j;jhy;. 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Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;l Knfc&;. jdJ Miza[Wjpahtzj;jpy;. jdJ Fw;wkw;wj;jd;ikia typa[Wj;jp. jhd;,t;tHf;fpy; bgha;ahfr; rpf;fitf;fg;gl;Ls;sij thjpl;lhh;/ 515/ g[Unc&hj;jk; jc&;uj; nghunj ?vjph;? kfhuhc&;ou khepy muR (g[Unc&hj;jk; jc&;uj; nghunj ?vjph;? kfhuhc&;ou khepy muR. (2015) 6 v!;/rp/rp/ 652: (2015) 3 v!;/rp/rp/ (fphp/)

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Fw;w Kd;dlj;ij,y;yhik kw;Wk; rpiwapy; mth;fspd; ed;dlj;ij Mfpait vd;Dila fUj;Jg;go. @mhpjpDk; mhpjhd tHf;Ffs;@ vd;w tifapypUe;J tHf;if tpyf;fp. Fw;wj;jpid kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; N:H;epiyfshf vLj;Jf;bfhs;sg;glapayhJ/ Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;lth;fshy;. j';fsJ Miza[Wjpahtz';fspy; brhy;yg;gl;l N:H;epiyfs; Fw;wj;jpid kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; N:H;epiyfshff; fUjg;gLtjw;F kpft[k; rhukw;witahFk;/ 518/,t;tHf;fpy;. Fw;wj;jpidf; fLikahf;Fk; N:H;epiyfisg; bghWj;jtiu. mit Fw;wj;jpid kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; N:H;epiyfisf;fhl;oYk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; bgWfpwJ vd;gjpy; vd; kdjpy; rpwpjst[f;Tl jaf;fkpy;iy kw;Wk; fPHik ePjpkd;w';fshy; tpjpf;fg;gl;l kuz jz;lidia. @v";rpa thH;ehis Ma[s; jz;lidahf@ fHpg;gjw;fhd jz;lidahf khw;Wtjw;F ve;j epahaj;ija[k; ehd; fhztpy;iy/ bfhL:ukhd Fw;w';fs;. gLga';fukhf g[hpag;gl;Ls;sd/ kdpj,r;ir. mj;jifabjhU nga; totbkLf;f mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ/ Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;lth;fs; fy;kdk; bfhz;lth;fsy;yh;; Mdhy;. Xof;bfhz;oUf;Fk; ngUe;jpy; bfhL:ukhd Kiwapy; Tl;L td;g[zh;r;rp bra;jdh;;,Uk;g[ fk;gpfis. gypahdthpd; me;ju';f gFjpfspy; brUfpdh;; ghjpf;fg;gl;l,Utiua[k; ork;gh; khj Fsph;fhy,ut[ fL';Fsphpy; eph;thzkhf J}f;fpbawpe;jdh;.,itaht[k; xl;Lbkhj;j rK:jhaj;jpd; kdr;rhd;iw cYf;fpaJ/ ntnwnjDk; jz;lid vd;w nfs;tpahdJ. @re;njfj;jpw;fplkpd;wp Klf;fg;gLfpwJ@ vDkplj;J,t;tHf;F @mhpjpDk; mhpjhd tHf;Ffs;@ vd;w tiff;Fs; bjspthfnt tUfpwJ/ kuz jz;lid jPh;tspg;ig ntz;LWj;Jfpd;w tHf;F vJbtd;whYk;. mJ,t;tHf;nfahFk;/ Tl;L td;g[zh;t[ bra;jy;.,aw;iff;F khwhd ghYzh;r;rp. gypahdthpd; me;ju';f gFjpfspy;,Uk;g[ fk;gpiar; brUFjy; nghd;w ga';fukhd bray;fs; Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;lth;fshy; mu';nfw;wg;gl;oUg;gJ. @mhpjpDk; mhpjhd tif@?,y; tuhbjdpy;. gpd;dh; mt;tifapy; vJjhd; tUk; vd xUth; Mr;rh;ag;glyhk;/ vd;dhy; gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l,f;fhuztpsf;f';fspd;nghpy;. Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;lth;fSf;F jPh;tspf;fg;gl;l kuz jz;lidia cWjpbra;jjpy; ehd; bgUk;ghd;iknahUld;,z';Ffpnwd;/@ 22/ Fc&;tpe;jh; rp'; ?vjph;? g";rhg; khepy muR. 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Fw;wj;ijf; fz;Lgpof;fKoahjbjd cWjpg;gLj;jpf;bfhz;L es;sputpy; fhy;tha;f;Fs; mth;fis js;sptpl;lhh;/ mjd;gpwF mth;,uz;lhk; epiyahf-jtizahf kw;w K:d;W egh;fis bfhd;whh;/ Knfc&; ?vjph;? khepy muR (vd;/rp/o/ bly;yp [Knfc&; ?vjph;? khepy muR (vd;/rp/o/ bly;yp). (2017 6 v!;/rp/rp/ 1: (2017) 2 v!;/rp/rp/ (fphp/) 673]?,y;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; tFj;Jiuf;fg;gll rl;lj;ijg; ghprPypj;Js;sjhy;.,t;tHf;F J}f;F jz;lidia-kuz jz;lidia ntz;LWj;Jfpd;w @mhpjpDk; mhpjhd tHf;F@ vd;w tiff;Fs; tuf;ToajhFk;/ Mfnt. 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(nkw;fz;l) Fc&;tpe;jh; tHf;if tpl,jpy; kpft[k; mjph;r;rpaspf;ff;Toa Fw;wKs;sJ/ 23/,j;jPh;g;g[iu ciuf;fg;gl;Lf;bfhz;oUf;Fk; mr;rkaj;jpy;. ghypay; Fw;w';fspypUe;J FHe;ijfisg; ghJfhj;jy; rl;lk;. 2012?,y;,uh$;a rghthy; 24/7/2019 md;W gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l @ghypay; Fw;w';fspypUe;J FHe;ijfis ghJfhj;jy; (jpUj;jk;) knrhjh. 2019@ (,jpy;,jw;Fg; gpwF @jpUj;jk;@) K:yk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f jpUj;jk; bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij eh';fs; fz;nlhk;/ mry; rl;lj;jpy;. bfhLikahf cs;EiHf;Fk; ghypay; td;KiwahdJ gphpt[ 5?,y; gpd;tUkhW bghUs; tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ:- @5/ ghypay; td;Kiwahd bfhL:ukhf cs;EiHj;jy;:- $p/ xU FHe;ijia Tl;lhf ghypay; td;Kiwahd cs;EiHj;jy; bra;fpw vtbuhUtUk;/ tpsf;fk;:? xU FGtpYs;s xd;W my;yJ mjw;F nkw;gl;l egh;fshy;. j';fspd; bghJ cl;fUj;ij epiwntw;wpf;bfhs;Sk;tifapy; xU FHe;ijia ghypay; td;Kiwf;Fs;shf;FfpwnghJ. me;j egh;fs; xt;bthUtUk;.,f;Twpd; bghUSf;Fs; tUk; Tl;L ghypay; td;Kiwahd cs;EiHj;jy; bra;Js;sjhf fUjg;gLjy;ntz;Lk; kw;Wk; me;j egh;fs; xt;bthUtUk; mr;bray; mnjKiwapy; mtuhy; kl;Lk; bra;ag;gl;lijg;nghd;W mjw;F bghWg;g[ilauhjy;ntz;Lk;/@ @vy;) FHe;ijia xd;Wf;F nkw;gl;l jlit my;yJ jpUk;gj;jpUk;g ghypay; td;Kiwahd cs;EiHj;jy; bra;fpw vtUk;; vk;) gd;dpbuz;L tajpw;F fPGs;s FHe;ijia ghypay; td;Kiwahd cs;EiHj;jy; bra;fpw vtUk;;@; xxx xxx xxx @Mh;) FHe;ijia ghypay; td;Kiwahd cs;EiHj;jy; bra;J. mf;FHe;ijia bfhiybra;a Kaw;rpbra;a[k; vtUk;;@ Kjd;Kjypy; ghypay; td;Kiwahd bfhL:ukhf cs;EiHj;jYf;fhd jz;lid gpd;tUkhW:- @6/ ghypay; td;Kiwahd bfhL:ukhf cs;EiHj;jYf;fhd jz;lid:ghypay; td;Kiwahd bfhL:ukhf cs;EiHj;jy; bra;fpw vtUk;. gj;jhz;LfSf;F Fiwahj xU fhy mst[f;F fL";rpiwj;jz;lidaspj;J jz;of;fg;gLjy;ntz;Lk;. 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Fw;wj;jpid kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; N:H;epiyfSld; xg;gpl;Lg;ghh;j;J. rhpahd jz;lidiaf; bfhLj;Js;sd/ bra;j Fw;wj;jpw;fhf nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; rpwpJk; tUj;jg;gltpy;iy. nkYk;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsiu tpLtpj;jhy;. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuapd; 84?MtJ gj;jpapy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sthW. bra;ag;gl;l Fw;wj;jpd; jd;ikiag;ghh;j;jhy;. mth; mj;jifabjhU Fw;wj;ij kPz;Lk; bra;akhl;lhh; vdr; brhy;tjw;F rhj;jpankapy;iy/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; xg;g[jy; thf;FK:yk; bfhLj;jhh; vd;w bghUz;ikia.,t;tHf;fpd; bghUz;ikfspd;go ghh;j;jhy;. mth;. mj;jifabjhU bfhL:ukhd Fw;wk; g[hpe;jjw;F tUe;Jtjhfg; bghUshfhJ/ mth; xg;g[jy; thf;FK:yj;Jld; cWjpahf epw;fhky;. rpWkpia td;g[zh;t[ bra;jjpYk;. mtisa[k;. mtsJ jk;gpiaa[k; bfhiy bra;jjpYk; mth; <Lgl;ljhfr;brhy;Yk; mg;gFjpia kl;Lk; kWf;fg;gl;l thf;FK:ybkd bgha;ahfj; bjhptpj;jhh;/ mjd;tpisthf. eh';fs; kuz jz;lidia cWjpbra;J nky;KiwaPLfisj; js;Sgo bra;fpnwhk;/ khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ Mh;/ v`g;/ ehhpkd; khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ N:h;a fhe;j; g[J jpy;yp. 01/08/2019/,e;jpa cr;r ePjpkd;wk; Fw;wtpay; nky;KiwaPl;L mjpfhutuk;g[ Fw;wtpay; nky;KiwaPL vz;(fs;) 1174?1175-2019 (rpwg;g[ mDkjp kD (Fw;wtpay;) vz;(fs;) 7581?7582-2014?ypUe;J vGfpwJ) kndhfud; /// nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;(fs;) ?vjph;? khepy muR. fhty; Ma;thsh; K:ykhf btiul;o cwhy; fhty; epiyak;. nfhak;g[j;J}h;/ /// vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;(fs;) jPh;g;g[iu khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ r";rPt; fd;dh: vd;Dila khpahijf;Fhpa rnfhjuh; ePjpaurh; nuhcwpz;ld; ghyp ehhpkd; mth;fspd; tphpthd jPh;g;g[iuapy; cs;s midj;J tpla';fisa[k; ehd; KGikahf xj;Jf;bfhs;fpnwd;/ ehd;.,e;jpa jz;lidr; rl;lk;. 1898 (RUf;fkhf @,/j/r/@)?,d; gphpt[fs; (302). 376(2)(C) kw;Wk; (v) kw;Wk; 201 Mfpatw;wpd; fPHhd nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; Fw;wj;jPh;g;ig cWjpbra;fpnwd;/ MapDk;. fPnH bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s fhuz';fSf;fhf. nky;KiwaPl;lhsUf;F kuz jz;lid tH';fntz;oa tHf;F,Jty;y vd ehd; fUJfpnwd;. nkYk;. mjid Ma[s; rpiwj;jz;lidahf Fiwj;J. mjhtJ. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;. Fw;wtpay; tprhuizKiwr; rl;lk;. 1973 (RUf;fkhf @F/tp/K/r/@). gphpt[fs; 432 kw;Wk; 433?,d; jz;lid Fiwg;g[f;F jFjpa[ilatuy;yh; vd;w epge;jida[ld;. mtuJ thH;ehs;tiu rpiwapy; fHpg;gjhFk;/ 2/ gr;rd; rp'; ?vjph;? g";rhg; khepy muR[1] ?,y;.,e;ePjpkd;wk;,/j/r/. gphpt[ 302?,d; fPH; bfhiyf;Fw;wj;jpw;fhd kuz jz;lidia murpayikg;g[ hPjpahf cWjpbra;J. c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 354(3)?,y; jz;lidf;fhd eilKiwia tFj;Jiuf;ifapy; tFj;Jiuj;jpUe;jjhtJ: @209/ kdpj thH;tpd; khz;g[f;fhf cz;ikahft[k; kw;Wk; bjhlh;e;J mf;fiwfhl;LtJk; rl;lj;jpd; Jiza[ld; capiug; gwpg;gij vjpg;gjd; mog;gil epiyahFk;/ khw;W njh;e;bjLg;g[ re;njfj;jpw;fplkpd;wp Klf;fg;gLfpwnghJ. mJ. mhpjpDk; mhpjhd tHf;Ffspy; bra;ag;glf;TlhJ/@,t;thwhf. (nkw;fz;l) gr;rd; rp'; tHf;fpy;. kuz jz;lidapd; bry;Ye;jd;ikia Vw;Wf;bfhs;ifapy;.,/j/r/. gphpt[ 302?,d; fPHhd Fw;w';fSf;F Ma[s; jz;lid vd;gJ rhjhuzkhf tpUk;gj;jf;f jz;lid vd;Wk;. Kjy; tpUg;gj;njh;thd Ma[s; jz;lid tpjpg;gJ Klf;fg;gLfpwnghJ. *mhpjpDk; mhpjhd* tHf;Ffspy; tpjptpyf;fhf kl;Lnk Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;lthpd; capiug; gwpf;Fk; kuz jz;lid tpjpf;fg;glntz;oaJ vd;Wk;. mjw;fhd jdpf; fhuz';fs; fz;og;ghf gjpt[ bra;ag;glntz;Lbkd;Wk; Xh; mft[iuahf mWjpaplg;gl;lJ/ 3/,/j/r/. gphpt[ 302 kw;Wk; F/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 354(3)?,d; tifa';fspy; mike;Js;s rl;lhPjpahd bfhs;if. jz;lidj; jPh;tspg;gpd;nghpy; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; tpUg;gj;njh;itr; braYWj;jntz;oajhfpwJ vd;gij m';fPfhpj;J. Fw;wj;jpidf; fLikahf;Fk; kw;Wk; kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; N:H;epiyfspd;,Ug;g[epiyf; Fwpg;g[ tiuag;glntz;Lk;. mt;thW bra;ifapy;. 1/ (1980) 2 v!;/rp/rp/ 684 Fw;wj;jpid kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; N:H;epiyfSf;F KG kjpg;gspf;fg;glntz;oa[s;sJ kw;Wk; ePjpa tpUg;gj;njh;t[ braYWj;jg;gLtjw;fhf Fw;wj;jpidf; fLikahf;Fk; kw;Wk; kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; N:H;epiyfSf;fpilna epaha Jyhf;nfhiy gpoj;Jg;ghh;f;fntz;Lk; vd (nkw;fz;l) gr;rd; rp'; tHf;fpy; tFj;Jiuj;jpUe;jJ/,j;jWthapy; @jdpf;fhuz';fs;@ vd;w brhy;yikg;g[. 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VJkwpah FHe;ijahfnth my;yJ cjtpaw;w bgz;zhfnth my;yJ typikaw;wtuhfnth,Ue;J. mjw;F khwhf. bfhiyahsp Mjpf;f epiyapYs;stuhfnth my;yJ bghJthf rK:fj;jhy; tpUk;gg;gLk; kw;Wk; kjpf;fg;gLk; xU bghJ eguhf,Uf;fpwnghJ/ nkw;Twpa Kd;bkhHpt[iufspd; Jizbfhz;L. midj;J N:H;epiyfisa[k; xl;Lbkhj;j cyfshtpa ghh;itapy; vLj;Jf;bfhz;L. *mhpjpDk; mhpjhd* tHf;FfSf;fhd Ma;tpd;go Kd;itf;fg;gl;l nfs;tpfSf;fhd gjpy;fisf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;nlhkhdhy;. tHf;fpd; N:H;epiyfs;. kuz jz;lidiaf; nfhUtjhfnt cs;sd. ePjpkd;wk; mt;thW bra;ant Kw;gLfpwJ/ 6/ (nkw;fz;l) kr;rp rp'; tHf;F (nkw;fz;l) gr;rd; rp'; tHf;fpd; nfhl;ghLfis gFg;gha;t[ bra;J. *mhpjpDk; mhpjhd* tHf;Ffisj; jPh;khdpf;f. ePjpkd;w';fs; tpUg;gjpfhuj;ijr; brYj;JfpwnghJ. mtw;why; gjpyspf;fg;glntz;oa,ul;il nfs;tpKiw Ma;it mit mog;gilf;Tw;whf ciufpd;wd vd;W fUj;jwptpj;jJ/ nfl;fg;glntz;oa nfs;tpfSk;. mjw;fhd gjpy;fSk;:

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Fw;wj;jPh;g;ig bgw;Wj;jUk;bghUl;L. muRj;jug;ghy; Kw;gLj;jg;gl;l rhd;wpd; epiwast[. jd;ik my;yJ gz;g[ Mfpait Fwpj;J kl;Lky;yhJ. mf;Fwpg;gpl;l tHf;fpd; bghUz;ikfisa[k;. bfhL';Fw;wj;jpd; jd;ikiaa[k; kl;Lg;gLj;jf;Toa. jz;lidiaj; jsh;j;Jk; N:H;epiyfs;,Ug;gJ Fwpj;Jk; jPh;khdpj;jy;ntz;Lk;.,jw;F. 1898?Mk; Mz;L Fw;wtpay; tprhuizKiw bjhFg;g[r; rl;lj;jpd; fPH; tH';fg;gl;l. tontY njth; kw;Wk; xUth; ?vjph;? bkl;uh!; khepy muR.[4] vd;w tHf;F Fwpg;gPL bra;ag;gl;lJ/ rhd;wpd; epiwast[k;. gz;g[k; Kjy; nfs;tpiaf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. mnjntisapy; jz;lidtpaypy; elg;g[KiwfspYs;s jz;lidiaj; jsh;j;Jk; N:H;epiyfSk;. jz;lid eilKiwfSk;,uz;lhtJ nfs;tpiaf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ/ kuz jz;lid jPh;tspg;gjw;fhd rl;l tifa';fs; jd;dpayhd khw;wj;jpw;Fl;gl;Ls;snjhly;yhky;. jz;lid tpjpg;gJ Fwpj;j rl;lj;jpYk;. mjw;F bghUe;jj;jf;f nfhl;ghLfspd;nghpyhd ePjprhh; bghUs;tpsf;fj;jpYk; ghpzhktsh;r;rp fz;Ls;sJ vd;gJk; btspg;gil/ (nkw;fz;l),uhn$c&; Fkhh; vd;w tHf;fpy;. kuz jz;lid vd;w 3/ (2011) 13 v!;/rp/rp/ 706 4/ V/I/Mh;/ 1957 v!;/rp/ 614 jz;lidia tpjpf;ifapy;. Fw;wthspapd; gz;g[eyd;fis ePf;fp. Fw;wj;jpd; jd;ika[k;. bfhLe;jd;ika[k; kl;Lnk chpa jz;lid tpjpg;gjw;Fk;. ghprPypg;gjw;Fk; cfe;jit vd;w nfhl;ghl;oidj; bjspthfnt epuhfhpf;fpwJ/,t;thW. jz;lid jPh;tspf;ifapy;. ePjpkd;wk;. xU Fwpg;gpl;l Fw;wr; N:H;epiyfis @Kf;fpakhd my;yJ rhjhuzkhd@ ghprPyidf;F cl;gLj;jf;TlhJ vd;gnjhld;wp. Fw;wthspapd; N:H;epiyfisa[k;. gz;g[eyd;fisa[k; Fwpj;Jk; chpa ghprPyid bra;antz;Lk;/,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Ke;ija jPh;g;g[iuahd uht;$p vd;fpw,uhk; re;jpuh ?vjph;?,uh$!;jhd; khepy muR.[5] vd;w tHf;fpy;.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Fiwe;jgl;rk; ntWgpw MW jPh;Kot[fs; gpd;gw;wg;gl;L. chpa jz;lid tpjpg;gjw;F Fw;wj;jpd; jd;ikjhd; ghprPyidf;Fhpanjad;wp. Fw;wthspapd; jd;ikay;y vdf; fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;ljhfj; jPh;khdpj;J. mijg; g[we;js;Stjhf ePjpkd;wk; jPh;g;gspj;jJ/ ePjpkd;wk;. Fw;wj;jpidf; fLikahf;Fk; N:H;epiyfisa[k; mjid kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; N:H;epiyfisa[k; Fwpg;gpl;L. Fw;wk; g[hpe;j tpjj;jpYs;s bfhL:uj;jd;ika[k;. bfhLika[k;. mjidj; bjhlh;e;J Fw;wthspapd; elj;ija[k; bjhlh;g[ila fhuzpahf,Uf;fyhk; vd;whYk;. mit kuz jz;lid jPh;tspg;gjw;fhd mog;gilahf kl;Lnk vLj;Jf;bfhs;shky;. nkYk; mJ. Kf;fpakhf ePjpkd;wj;ijj; jhf;fj;jpw;Fs;shf;ff;TlhJ vd;W ePjpkd;wk; jPh;khdpj;jJ/ nkny nkw;nfhs; 5/ (1996) 2 v!;/rp/rp/ 175 fhl;lg;gl;l (nkw;fz;l) gr;r'; rp'; vd;w tHf;fpd; jPh;g;g[iuapd; 206?MtJ gj;jpapy; *3 kw;Wk; 4*?,y; Twg;gl;Ls;s Fw;wj;jpid kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; N:H;epiyfisf; Fwpg;gpl;L. Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;ltiu rPh;jpUj;jp. kWthH;tspg;gjd; rhj;jpaj;jpd;nghpYk;. rK:fj;ij bjhlh;e;J mr;RWj;Jk;tz;zk; td;Kiwahd Fw;wr;bray;fs; g[hpakhl;lhh; vd;gjd;nghpYk;. chpa jz;lidiaf; jPh;khdpf;Fk;tifapy; chpa Kf;fpaj;Jtk; bfhLf;fg;glntz;Lk; vd jPh;g;gspf;fg;gl;lJ/ Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;lth; rK:jhaj;jpy; rPh;j;jpUj;jg;glnth my;yJ kWthH;tspf;fg;glnth jFjpaw;wtuhapUf;fpwhh; vd;gijf; fhl;Ltjw;F rhd;whjhuKk;. mij kWf;fpd;w rpy rhd;WfSk;,Uf;fntz;Lk;/,f;fUj;Jiu gpd;tUk; thrf';fspy; bjhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ: @74/ Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;lth; rKjhaj;jpy; rPh;j;jpUj;jg;glnth my;yJ kWthH;tspf;fg;glnth jFjpaw;wtuhapUf;fpwhh; vd;gijf; fhz;gpf;f rhd;nwJkpy;iy vd;w cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; nkw;Twpa fhz;KotpypUe;J bjspthfpwJ kw;Wk; cah; ePjpkd;wk; mij eLepiyahd N:H;epiyahfg; ghprPypj;Js;sJ/ v';fSila fUj;Jg;go. cah; ePjpkd;wk; btspg;gilahfnt gpiHg[hpe;Js;sJ vd;gjhFk;/ Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;ltiu rKjhaj;jpy; kWthH;tspf;f,aYk;. nkYk;. rPh;j;jpUj;jt[k; jFjpa[ilath; vd;gjw;F khwhf khepy muRf;F rhd;wspf;fhjjhy;.,g;bghUz;ikna. epr;rakhf Fw;wj;jpid kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; N:H;epiyahf,Uf;fpwJ kw;Wk;,ij cah; ePjpkd;wk; ghprPyidf;F vLf;fj;jtwptpl;lJ/ mjw;Fkhwhf. rhd;nwJkpy;yhj epiyapy;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; rKjhaj;jpw;F bjhlh; mr;RWj;jy; my;y vd;w ghprPyidiaa[k; ftdj;jpw;bfhs;s cah; ePjpkd;wk; jtwptpl;lJ/ Mfnt. vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd jPh;g;g[iuapd; 78?MtJ gj;jpapy;. cah; ePjpkd;wk; nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; Fw;wj;jpid kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; N:H;epiyfisf; Fwpj;J kpft[k; FWfpa fz;nzhl;lj;Jld; vLj;Jf;bfhz;Ls;sJ/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; Kjd;Kiwahf Fw;wk; bra;jth; vd;gija[k;. mtUf;F ftdpj;Jf;bfhs;sntz;oa FLk;gk;,Uf;fpwJ vd;gija[k; kl;Lnk cah; ePjpkd;wk; ghprPyid bra;Js;sJ/ Mfnt. nky;KiwaPl;lhsiug; bghWj;jtiuapy; Fw;wj;jpid kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; N:H;epiyfisf; Fwpj;j cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; ghh;it kpft[k; FWfpa kdg;ghd;ik bfhz;ljhf cs;sJ vd;gjw;Fl;gl;L fUj;Jiuf;fpnwhk;/@ 9/ re;njhc&; Fkhh; rjPc&;g{c&d; ghhpahh; ?vjph;? kfhuhc&;ou khepy muR.[6] vd;w tHf;fpd; Ke;ija jPh;Kotpy;. *mhpjpDk; mhpjhd vd;w fUj;J. F/tp/K/r/?,d; gphpt[ 354(3)?,d; fPH; gjpt[ bra;ag;glntz;oaitahd *jdp fhuz';fs;* vd;gjd; caph; K:r;rhFk;/,J bjhlh;ghf (nkw;fz;l) gr;rd; rp'; vd;w tHf;iff; Fwpg;gpl;Lf;fhl;o. kdpj thH;tpd; khz;g[f;fhf cz;ikahd kw;Wk;,zf;fkhd mf;fiwapd; kPjikfpd;w nkw;Twpa nfhl;ghLfs;. rl;lj;jpd; Jizbfhz;L capiug; gwpg;gij vjph;f;ft[k;. mhpjpDk; mhpjhd tHf;FfspYk; khw;Wj;njh;t[ cWjpahf Klf;fg;gLfpwnghJk; jtpu. kuz jz;lid jPh;tspf;fg;glntz;lhk; vd;gij ePjpkd;wk; typa[Wj;jpaJ/ 10/ *mhpjpDk; mhpjhd* vd;w brhy;yikg;g[ vd;gJ mg{h;tkhdjpYk; kpft[k; mg{h;tkhf. mjhtJ cr;rf;fl;l jd;ika[ila Xh; mhpjhd tHf;F vd neh;j;jpahfg; bghUs;gLfpwJ/ brhy;yikg;g[k;. brhw;fspd; njh;t[k; kpfkpf FWfpa kdg;ghd;ika[lDk;. mhpa tpjptpyf;Ff;Fl;gl;Lk; cs;sJ vd bghUs;gLfpwJ/ tpjptpyf;fw;wjhf,y;yhtpoy;. rhjhuzkhf Ma[s; jz;lid tpjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. Ma[s; jz;lid Iaj;jpw;fplkpd;wp Klf;fg;gLfpwnghJjhd; tpjpiaj; jsh;j;jt[k;. khw;wpaikf;ft[k; bra;ayhk;/ muRj;jug;ghy; Kw;gLj;jg;gl;l bghUz;ikfSk;. rhd;whjhuKk; g[wf;fzpf;fg;gl;L. 6/ (2009) 6 v!;/rp/rp/ 498 Ma[s; jz;lidiaj; bjhpt[bra;tJ nghJkhdjhf,Uf;fhJ vd;Wk;. mJ Kw;wpYk; msbtht;thjJ vd;Wk;. Mfnt,J *mhpjpDk; mhpjhd* tifiar; rhh;e;jJ vd;Wk; KGikahf epiyehl;lg;gl;lhy; kl;Lnk kuz jz;lid ntz;Liuf;fg;gl;L. jPh;tspf;fg;gLfpwJ/ 11/ jz;lid Fw;wj;jLg;g[ eltof;ifahf jpfH;tJ Fwpj;j gpur;rpidapd;nghpy;. (nkw;fz;l) re;njhc&; Fkhh; vd;w tHf;fpy; Rthkp c&;uj;jhde;jh vd;fpw Kusp kndhfh; kpc&;uh ?vjph;? fh;ehlf khepy muR.[7] (Rthkp c&;uj;jhde;jh?1) vd;w tHf;F Fwpg;gPL bra;ag;gl;L. ntWgy Ma;t[fSk; bra;ag;gl;L fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;ljhtJ: @164/ (nkw;fz;l) Rthkp c&;ujjhde;jh?1 vd;w tHf;fpd; jPh;g;g[iuapy; Fw;wj;jLg;g[ vd;w gpur;rpida[k;,t;thW tpthjpf;fg;gl;lJ: @68/ kuz jz;lid. xU Fw;wj;jLg;g[ eltof;ifahf tps';FfpwJ vd;W rl;l Mizak; 1967?Mk; Mz;L mjDila mwpf;ifapy; fUj;J bjhptpj;jJ vd;gJ,';F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;/,t;thW Twg;gLk; Fw;wj;jLg;g[ eltof;iffis. g[s;sptptu';fs; bka;g;gpf;ftpy;iy vd;gij xg;g[f;bfhz;lhYk;. me;j vz;zpf;iffs;. ahbjhd;iwa[k; jtbwdt[k; brhy;ytpy;iy/@,g;gpur;rpidapd;nghpyhd bgUk;ghyhd Muha;r;rpfSk; Fw;wj;jLg;g[r; braYf;Fk;. jz;lidapd; fLikf;Fk;,ilnaahd bjhlh;g[ rpf;fyhdJ vdj; bjhptpf;fpd;wd/ fLikj;jd;ika[k;. cWjpj;jd;ika[k; vt;thW Fw;wj; jLg;g[r; bray;fSld; bjhlh;g[ilaJ vd;gJ bjsptpy;iy/ nkYk;. Fw;wtpay; bfhs;if vd;gJ cs;Szh;t[fspd; mog;gilapyhditahf my;yhky; rhd;wpid Kd;itg;gjd; mog;gilapnyna,Uf;fntz;Lk;. cyf KGtJk;,e;j Muha;r;rpa[k; mt;tg;nghJ.,Jt[k; kpfj; jtbwd fhl;oa[s;sJ/,g;gpur;rpidapy;,e;jpa Fw;wtpay; epg[zh;fshy; 7/ (2007) 12 v!;/rp/rp/ 288 VJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftifapy; ftdk; brYj;jg;glhjjhy; kuz jz;lid tpjpg;gjd; K:yk; kdpj th;f;fj;jpd; kpft[k; mog;gil chpikia jilbra;tij epahag;gLj;Jkst[f;F. jz;lidapd; fLik Fw;wj;jLg;g[ld; bjhlh;g[ilajhf ehk; mDkhdpf;f,ayhJ/ mjw;F fhty;Jiwapduhy; kw;Wk; tHf;fpLnthuhy; bra;ag;gLk; rpwe;j nritapdhnyh my;yJ mjpfgl;rkhf kuz jz;lid tpjpg;gijtpl Fiwe;jgl;r jz;lid tpjpg;gjhnyh Fw;wj;ijf; Fiwf;Fk; Fwpf;;nfhspid milaKoa[k;/@ nkYk; fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;ljhtJ: @72/ nkYk;. kuz jz;lid tHf;Ffspy; btWk; epahag;gLj;JjYf;fhf kl;Lk; @rK:fj; njit@ vd;Dk; gjj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjpy; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; xUkpj;j fUj;jpy;iy vd;gij,r;N:Hypy; eh';fs; fz;og;ghf Rl;of;fhl;lntz;Lk;/ ghprPyidapYs;s Fw;wj;jpd; fLikapida[k;. jd;ikapida[k; bghUl;gLj;jhJ. Fw;wk; kw;Wk; Fw;wtpay; vd;w,uz;ila[k; Fwpj;J ePjpkd;w';fs; jpwe;j kdJld; Fw;wj;jpidf; fLikahf;Fk; kw;Wk; kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; N:H;epiyfis Ma;t[bra;tjpy; <Lglntz;Lk; vd;gnj (nkw;fz;l) gr;rd; rp'; tHf;fpy; bjspthd Tw;Wfspy; bjhpatUk; Ma;thFk;/ nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l fUj;Jiufspd;nghpy; czh;t[fSf;F,l';bfhlhky; Ma;t[ bra;ag;glntz;Lk;/ thH;th. rhth vd;gjd; mog;gilapy; jPh;g;gspf;ifapy;. ePjpkd;w';fs;. kd czh;t[fSf;Fk;. cs;sf; fpsh;r;rpfSf;Fk; nkyhf. fz;og;g[f;Fk;. neh;ikf;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; bfhLj;Js;sd vd;gij cWjpbra;antz;Lk;/@ 12/ (nkw;fz;l) re;njhc&; Fkhh; vd;w tHf;fpy;. g";rp kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? cj;jug; gpunjr khepy muR.[8] kw;Wk; tc;&uhk; eh;c&p gha; uh$;guh ?vjph;? F$uhj; khepy muR.[9] vd;w tHf;Ffs; Fwpg;gPL bra;ag;gl;L. Fw;wk; vk;Kiwapy; bfhL:ukhfg; g[hpag;gl;lJ vd;w tHf;F *mhpjpDk; mhpjhd* xd;wh> vd;W jPh;khdpg;gjw;fhd xnu fhuzkhf mikahJ vdf; 8/ (1998) 7 v!;/rp/rp/ 177 9/ (2002) 9 v!;/rp/rp/ 168 Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ xt;bthU bfhiya[k; bfhL:ukhdjhf fUjg;gLfpwJ kw;Wk; bfhiyahdJ. *mhpjpDk; mhpjhd* tHf;fhf fUjg;gLtjw;F ghprPypf;fg;glntz;oa TLjy; fhuzpfshd jPtpu kdf;frg;ig nknyh';fr;bra;J. bfhe;jspf;Fk; vz;z';fis mjpfhpf;fr;bra;J. gHpa[zh;r;rpianah my;yJ gHpth';Ftjw;fhd jhfj;ij vw;gLj;Jjiy cs;slf;fpapUf;ff;Toa bfhiyiar; Rw;wp Fw;wj;jpidf; fLikahf;Fk; kw;Wk; kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; N:H;epiyfs;,lk;bgw;wpUf;Fk;/ Xk; gpufhc&; ?vjph;? cwhpahdh khepy muR.10 ?I Fwpg;gPL bra;J. jPh;khdpj;jjhtJ: @76/ ePjpaurh; nf/o/ jhk!; mth;fs;. Xk; gpufhc&; ?vjph;? cwhpahdh khepy muR vd;w tHf;fpy;. @rK:fj;jpd; FuYf;F@ gjpyspg;gjw;Fk;. @Fw;wj;jpidf; fLikahf;Fk; kw;Wk; kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; N:H;epiyfisr; rkepiyg;gLj;Jk; gr;rd; rp'; tHf;fpd; fUj;Jiuf;F xj;jpirtjw;Fkpilnaahd btspg;gilahd gjw;wj;jpd; mog;gilapy; MH;e;J Muha;e;jhh;/ rK:fj;jpd; bghUj;jkw;w ePh;j;Jg;nghFk; vjph;r;bray;fs; Fwpj;J Fwpg;gpl;Lf; TwhJ. jz;lidaspf;Fk; ePjpkd;wk; gr;rd; rp'; tHf;fpdhy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ vd;gJ ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fUj;JiuahFk;: 7/ ePjpkd;wk; rK:fj;jpd; FuYf;F kWbkhHp ciuj;J xU btWf;fj;jf;f Fw;wj;jpid jLf;Fk; jz;lidahf vJ,Uf;ff;TLk; vd;gij jPh;t[ bra;antz;Lk; vd;gJ cz;ik/ bgUk;ghyhd Fw;wthspfs; jz;of;fg;glhjjhy;. rK:jhaj;jpy; Fw;wthspfs; mjpfhpj;J tUfpd;wdh; kw;Wk; rl;lk;. mjDila jLf;Fk; Mw;wiy,He;JtUfpwJ vd;gJ Kw;wpYk; cz;ik/ kj;jpag; gpunjr khepy muR ?vjph;? c&pahk; Re;jh; jphpntjp vd;w tHf;fpy; fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lthW kpifg;gLj;jg;gl;l Tw;wpid xl;o. xt;bthU epahakhd re;njfj;jpw;fg;ghy; rhd;wpid epiyehl;LtJ muRj;jug;ghy; tw;g[Wj;jg;gLtjd;nghpy; Fwpg;gpl;lbjhU tHf;fpd; mog;gil cz;ikfisa[k;. bghUz;ikr;rhh;e;j N:Hiktpida[k;. tHf;fkPwpa N:H;epiyfisa[k; g[wf;fzpg;gJ mt;tg;nghJ ePjp 10/ (1999) 3 v!;/rp/rp/ 19 tGt[jypy; Kot[w;W. ePjp tH';Fk; mikg;ig re;njfj;jpw;Fhpajhf;FfpwJ vd;gJk; cyfwpe;j cz;ikahFk;.,Wjp Ma;thff;bfhz;lhy;. xU Fw;wthsp Cf;Ftpf;fg;gl;L rK:fk; ghjpg;gilfpwJ/ rpy rka';fspy;. Fw;wthspfspd; chpikfs; kl;Lnk kdjpw;bfhs;sg;gl;L. ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fis kwe;JtpLfpd;wdh; vd;W brhy;yg;gLfpwJ/,t;thwpUg;gpDk;. mhpjpDk; mhpjhd jz;lidahd kuz jz;lidia tpjpf;ifapy;. ePjpkd;wk; Fw;wj;jpidf; fLikahf;Fk; kw;Wk; kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; NH;epiyfisr; rkepiyg;gLj;jntz;Lk; kw;Wk;,J xt;bthU tHf;fpd; tHf;fkPwpa bghUz;ikfisa[k;. N:H;epiyfisa[k; rhh;e;jpUf;Fk;/@ 13/ a{dpad; M`g;,e;jpah ?vjph;? tp/ _cwud; vd;fpw KUfd; kw;Wk; gyh;.11 vd;w tHf;fpy; murpayikg;g[ ePjpauhak;. gy nfs;tpfisgpur;rpidfis Muha;e;jJ/,/j/r/. gphpt[fs; 53 kw;Wk; 45?I bghUs;tpsf;fk; bra;jjd;nghpy;. Ma[s; jz;lid vd;why; Fw;wj; jPh;g;gspf;fg;gl;lthpd; thH;ehs;,Wjptiuapy; rpiwapypUj;jy; vd bghUs;gLk; vd Kot[ bra;ag;gl;lJ/,Ug;gpDk;. chpa muR. F/tp/K/r/. gphpt[fs; 432 kw;Wk; 433?,d; fPH; mjpfhuj;ijr; brYj;jp. jz;lidf; Fiwg;g[ vd;w Kiwapy; kd;dpg;g[ tH';fyhk;/ Ma[s; jz;lidf; Fw;wthspf;Fk;. murpayikg;g[r; rl;lj;jpd; tFKiwf;TWfs; 72 kw;Wk; 161?,d; fPH; tifbra;ag;gl;Ls;sthW. FoauRj; jiyth; kw;Wk; khepy MSeh; mth;fshy; Kiwg;goahf jz;lid Fiwf;fg;glyhk;/ Rthkp c&;uj;jhde;jh(2) ?vjph;? fh;ehlf khepy muR.12 [Rthkp c&;uj;jhde;jh (2)] vd;w tHf;fpd; Ke;ija jPh;Kotpid 11/ (2016) 7 v!;/rp/rp/ 191 12/ (2008) 13 v!;/rp/rp/ 767 MH;e;jhuha;e;J. nkw;go fUj;Jiu rpwe;j fUj;Jiubad;W Vw;Wf;bfhz;L thH;ehs; KGikahfnth my;yJ F/tp/K/r/. gphpt[fs; 432 kw;Wk; 433?,d; fPH; jz;lid Fiwg;gpd;wp Fwpg;gpl;l 14 Mz;LfSf;F kpfhknyh Ma[s; KGtJk; mjhtJ *thH;ehs; KGtJk;* jz;lid mDgtpg;gjw;fhf. kuz jz;lidf;Fg; gjpyhf jdptif jz;lidiag; ghprPypf;fyhkh> vd;w nfs;tpf;F ePjpaurh; jpU/ KfkJ,g;uhcwpk; fypg[y;yh mth;fshy; tH';fg;gl;l bgUk;ghd;ikah; jPh;g;g[iuapy; cld;ghlhfg; gjpyspf;fg;gl;lJ/ (nkw;fz;l) tp/ _cwud; vd;w tHf;fpy; bgUk;ghd;ikah; fUj;jwptpj;jjhtJ: @68/ nkw;go tptu';fspd; gpd;g[yj;jpy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lthpd; jug;gpypUe;J ghh;j;J. nkw;go nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; tHf;if. xUth; jPh;khdpj;jhy;. mth; jaf;fkpd;wp kuz jz;lid tpjpf;ff;TLk; vd ve;jtpj jaf;fKkpd;wp brhy;yyhk;/ mj;jifabjhU bfhL:ukhd Fw;wk; g[hpe;j Fw;wthspahy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; ve;jbthU kdpjdpd; vjph;tpid vd mjid miHf;fyhk;/ rhjhuz kdpjdpd; fUj;Jg;go. mjid vjph;tpid my;yJ gpujpgypj;jy; vd;W';Tl miHf;fyhk;/ rl;ltpjp nknyh';fpapUf;Fk; Xh; xd;Wgl;l rKjhaj;jpy;. kdpj,dj;jpd; xt;bthU elj;ija[k; rhpnah. jtnwh Ma;t[f;Fl;gLj;jpajd; mog;gilapy; gpd;gw;wg;gLk; ed;fikag;bgw;w nfhl;ghl;oy;. vtiua[k; jz;of;fnth my;yJ ghprspf;fnth MH;e;jhuha;e;jspf;fg;gl;l nfhl;ghLfs;. bjhlh;g[ila egh;. mtuJ (Mz; my;yJ bgz;) fle;j fhy elj;ij. xUth; vg;gpd;dzpapy; tsh;f;fg;gl;lhh;. mog;gilahd fy;tpawpt[. xUth; tsh;f;fg;gl;l Rw;Wr;N:Hy;fs;. rK:fg; gpd;dzp. mog;gil Mjhuk;. 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