16ab66377f1835a1b6100ed1808c42e883cb562baa2ebc36fdc910df93ff6205

(1) VjhfpYk; kD tpsk;gug;gLj;jg;glntz;Lk; vDkplj;J. ePjpgjpahy; ntWtpjkhf cj;jutplg;gl;oUe;jhyd;wp my;yJ,t;tpjpfspd; fPH; ntWtpjkhf tifbra;ag;gl;lhyd;wp. ePjpgjpahy; jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lthW mJ nfl;g[if ehSf;F Kd;djhf gjpdhd;F ehl;fSf;F Fiwahky; rk;ge;jg;gl;l khepy murpd; my;yJ a{dpad; gpunjrj;jpd; mjpfhug;g{h;t murpjH; xd;wpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l khepy murpd; my;yJ a{dpad; gpunjrj;jpy; tpw;gidahfptUk; tl;lhu bkhHpapYs;s xU ehspjHpYk; kw;Wk; M';fpy bkhHp ehspjH; xd;wpYkhf xt;bthd;wpYk; xU btspaPl;oy; tpsk;guk; bra;antz;Lk;/ tpjp 101: fldhshpd; gjpyikt[ my;yJ mry; kDjhuUf;fhd g';fspg;g[ ? kDjhuh; xUth; ? /// (2),t;tpjpfspd; fPH; tFj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l fhyj;jpw;Fs;nsh my;yJ ePjpkd;wj;jpd; cj;jut[g;gonah my;yJ ePjpkd;wk; mDkjpf;fyhFk; mt;thW ePof;fg;gl;l fhyj;jpw;Fs;nsh mtuJ kDit tpsk;gug;gLj;jj; jtWfpwtplj;J ///// (4) Kd;dpiyahfp. mtuJ kDtpYs;s ntz;Liuapd;goahd Xh; cj;jut[f;fhf tpz;zg;gpf;fhkYk; my;yJ ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fUj;Jiug;go,t;tpjpapd;fPH; cj;jut[ gpwg;gpg;gjw;F nghJkhd ntW fhuzkpUg;gpd;. ePjpkd;wk; epahabkdf; fUjyhFk; mj;jifa tiuaiwfspd;nghpy; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fUj;Jg;go. kD jhf;fy; bra;tjw;F chpika[ilatuha;,Uf;ff;ToatUk; my;yJ kDtpidj; bjhlh;e;J nky;elj;j tpUk;g[gtUkhd fldhsh; my;yJ g';fspg;ghsh; vtiua[k; kDjhuuhf gjpyikf;fyhk;/@ 8/ nkw;go tpjpfs; 1959?Mk; Mz;L tpjpfspd; fPHhd epWkf; fiyg;g[ kDf;fs; bjhlh;ghd gFjpapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ mit epWkf; fiyg;g[ eltof;if bjhlUtjw;fhd eilKiwia tFj;Jiuf;fpd;wd/ 96. 99 kw;Wk; 24?Mk; tpjpfisg; gog;gjpypUe;J epWkf; fiyg;g[ kDit tpsk;gug;gLj;JtJ fl;lhakhdJ vd;gJ bjspthfpwJ/ kDbra;j fldhsh; eph;zapf;fg;gl;l fhyj;jpw;Fs; kDit tpsk;gug;gLj;jj; jtWk;gl;rj;jpy;. ePjpkd;wj;jpd; tpUg;gjpfhuj;Jld; me;j kDbra;j fldhsUf;F gjpyikthf kw;bwhU fldhsh; my;yJ g';fspg;gtiu itj;Jf;bfhs;syhk; vd gphpt[ 101,irtspf;fpwJ. Mdhy;. kw;bwhU fldhsh; my;yJ g';fspg;gth; epWkf; fiyg;g[ kDitj; bjhlh;e;J nky;elj;Jk; jpwDilatuhft[k;. tpUg;gKilatuhft[k;,Uj;jy;ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;/ 9/ jw;nghija tHf;fpy;. epWkf; fiyg;g[ mjpfhhpapd; bghWg;gpid tpLtpf;ff; nfhUk; ep/k/ vz; 179-2001?,y; ep/tp/ vz; 734-2011?I tpthjpf;ifapy;. 1959?Mk; Mz;L tpjpfspd; tpjpfs; 95. 96. 99 kw;Wk; 24?,d; fPH; tiuaWf;fg;gl;lthW. epWkf; fiyg;g[ kDit tpsk;gug;gLj;J? tjw;fhd fl;lha eilKiwia epiwntw;wtpy;iy vd;W fw;wwpe;j epWk ePjpgjp fUj;Jiuj;jhh;/ tpsk;gug;gLj;jhjjw;fhd Fwpg;g[iufis Muha;ifapy;. fw;wwpe;j epWk ePjpgjp. kDbra;j fldhsiu khw;wPL bra;tjw;F mDkjpf;fpd;w tpjp 101?f;F ftdj;ijj; jpUg;gpdhh;/,Ug;gpDk;. ntbwe;j fldhsUk; mry; kDthd. ep/k/ vz; 179-2001?I nkw;bfhz;L elj;j tpUg;gk; bjhptpf;ftpy;iy vdf; fz;lwpag;gl;ljhy;. mJ js;Sgo bra;ag;gl;lJ/,j;js;Sgoapdhy; fldhsh;fs; ghjpf;fg;glkhl;lhh;fs;. Vbdd;why;. nfh/X/ig/yp/?,d; gpizapy;yhf; fldhsh;fSs; 10.000?f;Fk; nkw;gl;nlhUf;F fle;j 12 Mz;Lfspy; nghjpa mwptpg;g[ mspj;J. fld; jPh;t[bra;ag;gl;oUe;jJ. nkYk;. gpizf; fldhsh;fS';Tl ghjpf;fg;glkhl;lhh;fs;. Vbdd;why;. mth;fSk; f/t/jP/?,d; Kd;g[ mth;fsJ nfhUhpikfis ehog; bgWtjw;F,JtiuapYk; ve;jj; jila[kpy;iy vdf; fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ 10/ nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;lthW. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; ePjpah; <uhak;. nky;KiwaPl;oy; epWk ePjpkd;wj;jpd; cj;juitj; js;Sgo bra;jJ/ 1959?Mk; Mz;L tpjpfspd;go. kDbra;j fldhsuhy; epWkf; fiyg;g[ kDf;fs; tpsk;gug;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy vdf; fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lnghjpYk;. gpizf; fldhsh;fs; (v!;/gp/I/ cl;gl) gyUf;Fk;,Jtiuapy; fld; jPh;t[ bra;ag;glhjjd; fhuzkhf f/t/jP/?I mQqfpdh; vd;Dk; xnu fhuzj;jpw;fhf epWkj;ijf; fiyg;gbjd;gJ neh;ikaw;wJk;. epahakw;wJkhFk; vd;W fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ epWkf; fiyg;g[ kDitj; js;Sgo bra;tjw;F Kd;dh;. nfh/X/ig/yp/?,y; gzf; fld;gl;oUe;j midj;J gpizf; fldhsh;fSk; epWkf; fiyg;g[ mjpfhhpahy; miHf;fg;gl;L. mth;fs; mry; kDjhuh;fspd;,lj;jpy; itf;fg;glntz;Lkh> vd;gJ Fwpj;J tprhhpf;fg;gl;oUf;fntz;Lk; vdf; fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ kDbra;j fldhsh; kDit tpsk;gug;gLj;jj; jtWk;gl;rj;jpy;. epWkf; fiyg;g[ eltof;iffisj; bjhlh;e;J elj;Jtjw;F tpjp 101. KGikahd jilahf tps';Ftjhfg; bghUs;bfhs;sKoahJ vd;W ePjpah; <uhak; mt;tpjpapd; tphpthd bghUs;tpsf;fj;ijf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;L jPh;khdpj;jJ/ tpjp 9?,d; fPH; epWk ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F mspf;fg;gl;Ls;s cs;Siw mjpfhu';fisf; Fwpg;gpl;Lk;. kDbra;a[k; fldhsuhy;jhd; tpsk;guk; btspaplg;glntz;Lk; vd;W typa[Wj;Jfpd;w Fwpg;gpl;l tifKiwfs;,y;iy vd;W Twpa[k;. mt;thwhd nfhhpf;if vGk; N:Hypy;. tpsk;guk; btspapLtjw;fhf jw;fhypff; fiyg;g[ mjpfhhpf;F cj;jutpLk; mjpfhuk; epWk ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F cs;sJ vd;W ePjpah; <uhak; fUj;Jiuj;jJ/,ijf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;L. ep/k/ vz; 179-2001 kPl;lspf;fg;gl;L. epWkf; fiyg;g[ eltof;iffisj; bjhlUtjw;F epWkf; fiyg;g[ mjpfhhpf;F cj;jutplg;gl;lJ/ 11/ fw;wwpe;j epWk ePjpgjp kw;Wk; ePjpah; <uhaj;jhy; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;s jPh;Kot[fisa[k;. bjhlh;g[ila tpjpfisa[k; ghprPypj;jjd;nghpy;. ePjpah; <uhaj;jhy; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;s fUj;Jld; eh';fs; cld;gl tpUk;g[fpnwhk;/ 11/1/ 5/12/2001?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l cj;jut[ K:yk;. fw;wwpe;j epWk ePjpgjp ep/k/ vz; 179-2001?I M';fpyk; kw;Wk; jkpH; ehspjH; xd;wpYk;. nkYk;. murpjHpYk; btspapLk;go cj;jutpl;lhh;/ MapDk;.,t;t[j;jutplg;gl;oUg;gpDk;. mj;jifabjhU tpsk;guk; bra;ag;gltpy;iy/ typa[Wj;Jk; jd;ikapYs;sitahd tpjpfs; 96. 99 kw;Wk; 24?,d; fPH; tpsk;guj;jpd; njitg;ghLfs; kPwg;gl;Ls;sd vd;w ePjpah; <uhaj;jpd; fUj;Jld;,e;j mst[f;F eh';fs; cld;gLfpnwhk;/ [fhz;f: nec&dy; fhd;oa{l;!; (gp) ypkpbll; ?vjph;? v!;/v!;/ mnuhuh. V/I/Mh;/ 1968 v!;/rp/ 279; byg;obdd;l; fh;dy; Mh;/nf/ rf;nrdh ?vjph;?,k;gPhpay; `ghu!;l;hP fhh;g;gnuc&d;. 2001 rp/vy;/rp/ 1746]/ 11/2/ tpsk;guk; bra;aj; jtwpajhy;. tpjp 101?,y; tifbra;ag;gl;Ls;s khw;wPL bra;tjw;fhd tpUg;gk; bjhlh;g[ilajhfpwJ/,J bjhlh;ghf. mry; epWkf; fiyg;g[ kDtpidj; bjhlh;e;J elj;Jtjw;F ve;jbthU fldhsnuh my;yJ g';fspg;ghsnuh tpUg;gk; bjhptpf;ftpy;iy vd;W,U fPHik ePjpkd;w';fSk; fz;lwpe;Js;sd/ mnjntisapy;. ePjpah; <uhaj;jhy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lthW tpjp 101?,d; epge;jidfspd;go. kDbra;a[k; fldhshpd;,lj;ij tfpf;f tha;g;gspf;fg;glhj nfh/X/ig/yp/?,d; fld; jPh;t[bra;ag;glhj kw;w gpizf; fldhsh;fSk; cs;sdh; vd;gjhFk;/ 11/3/,e;jg; gpd;g[yj;jpy;. v';fs;Kd; ghprPyidf;fhf vGfpd;w kpf Kf;fpakhd tpdh ahbjdpy;. tpjp 101?,d; fPH; tHf;Fj; bjhlh;tjw;fhd fldhsh;,y;iy vd;w fhuzj;jpd;nghpnyna epWkf; fiyg;g[ kD js;Sgo bra;ag;glyhkh> my;yJ,JtiuapYnk Fwpg;ghf fld; jPh;t[bra;ag;glhj kw;w fldhsh;fs;,Ue;JtUk; neh;t[fspy; epWkf; fiyg;g[ mjpfhhpahy; tpsk;gug;gLj;Jk;go cj;jutpLk; mjpfhuk; epWk ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F cs;sjh> vd;gjhFk;/,f;nfs;tpf;F tpilaspg;gjw;F. epWkf; fiyg;g[ eltof;iffs; vd;gd mjw;F vjpuhd tHf;F eltof;iffshFk;. bghJthfnt mJ kf;fspd; chpikfspy; xU jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtij kdjpw;bfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;/ Mjyhy;. mj;jifa tHf;F eltof;iffs; TLkhdtiuapy; gutyhd tpsk;guj;ijg; bgWtjw;fhft[k;. bjhlh;g[ila midj;J g';Fjhuh;fSf;Fk; njitahd mwptpg;g[ fpilg;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jk;tpjkhft[k;. mjid tpsk;gug;gLj;JtJ vd;gJ fl;lhakhdjhfpwJ/ kDbra;a[k; fldhsh; kDit tpsk;gug;gLj;jj; jtWfpwnghJk;. mijf;Fwpj;J tHf;F bjhlh;tjw;F ve;jbthU fldhsnuh my;yJ g';Fjhunuh Kd;tuhj NHYk;. epWkf; fiyg;g[ kDitj; bjhlh;e;J elj;Jtjw;F KGikahd jiltpjpf;fpwJ vd;w tifapy; tpjp 101?I bghUs;bfhs;sf;TlhJ vd;gij czh;j;JfpwJ/,t;thW Fwpg;ghf fld; jPh;t[bra;ag;glhj fldhsh;fs;,Uf;fpwnghJ. mth;fSf;F kDitj; bjhlh;e;J elj;Jtjw;fhd tha;g;g[ mspf;fg;gl;oUf;fntz;Lk;. Mdhy;. mth;fs; tpsk;guk; bra;aj;jtwpajd; fhuzkhf mjid,He;Jtpl;ldh; vd;gjhFk;/ cz;ikapy; kDbra;a[k; fldhsh; kDit tpsk;gug;gLj;jj; jtWfpwtplj;J. tpjp 101?MdJ vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSf;F kl;Lnk tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ mj;jifa kDbra;a[k; fldhsh;jhd; kDit tpsk;gug;gLj;jntz;Lk; vd;W Fwpg;gpLk;tifapy; tpjpfs; 24. 96 my;yJ 99?,d; bkhHpeilapy; vJt[kpy;iy/ v';fsJ MH;e;jhuha;e;j fUj;Jg;go. kDbra;a[k; fldhsuhy;jhd; kD tpsk;gug;gLj;jg;glntz;Lk; vd;W typa[Wj;Jfpd;w Fwpg;gpl;l tifKiw,y;yhjnghJ. kw;w fldhsh;fspd; eyidg; ghJfhf;Fk;tifapy; tpsk;guk; bra;a[k;go cj;jutpLk; tpUg;g[hpik epWk ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F cs;sJ/ mj;jifar; N:H;epiyfspy;. epWkf; fiyg;g[ eltof;iffisj; js;Sgo bra;aKoahJ. Vbdd;why;.,J midj;J fldhsh;fspd; eyidg; ghJfhf;fpd;w me;j nehf;fj;ijna Fiyj;JtpLk; vd;gjhFk;/ 11/4/,t;tpthjj;jpd; Jizbfhz;Lghh;f;ifapy;. jw;nghija tHf;fpy; tpjp 101?,d;go mry; fldhsiu khw;wPLbra;a ntbwe;j egUk; tpUg;gk; bjhptpf;ftpy;iy vd;w fhuzj;jpd;nghpnyna jw;nghija tHf;fpy; epWkf; fiyg;g[ kDitj; js;Sgobra;tJ epahaky;y vd eh';fs; fz;lwpfpnwhk;/,';F. epWkf; fiyg;g[ kDf;fisg; nghjpastpy; tpsk;gug;gLj;jhjjd; fhuzkhf. nfh/X/ig/yp/?,d; gpizf; fldhsh;fs;. K/tp/ vz;fs; 139-2001. 978-2000 kw;Wk; 14-2002 Mfpatw;iwj; jhf;fy;bra;jjd; K:yk; j';fsJ fld;fis tN:ypg;gjw;fhf f/t/jP/?I mQqFtjw;F eph;g;ge;jpf;fg;gl;ljhfj; bjhpfpwJ/ nkYk;. epWkf; fiyg;g[ kDitj; js;Sgo bra;a[k;goahd 4/10/2013?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l epWk ePjpgjpapd; jPh;Koit mwpate;jjd;nghpy;. gpizf; fldhsh;fspy; xd;W (v!;/gp/I/) jd;Dila tl;oiag; bgWtjw;fhf f/t/jP/?I mQqfpaJ/,jdog;gilapy;. nfh/X/ig/yp/?aplk; jpUg;gpaspf;fg;glntz;oa bjhifiag; gw;Wifr; bra;tjd; K:yk; nfh/X/ig/yp/?aplkpUe;J t';fpfs; j';fs; epYitj; bjhiffis kPsg; bgWtjw;fhd tha;g;gpidg; bgWfpd;wd vd;W 13/12/2013?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l cj;jut[ K:yk; f/t/jP/ cj;jutpl;lJ/ nfh/X/ig/yp/?,d; gpizf; fldhsh;fns chpa g';Fjhuh;fs;. epWkf; fiyg;g[ kDit tpsk;guk; bra;ahjjhy; mth;fns ghjpf;fg;gl;ldh; vd;gij,J bjspthff; fhz;gpf;fpwJ/ tpjp 101?,d;go kDbra;a[k; fldhsh;fspd;,lj;ij tfpg;gjw;F mth;fs; tpUk;g[fpd;wduh> vd;gijj; bjhptpf;FkhW mth;fs; nfhug;gl;oUf;fntz;Lk;/ 11/5/ nfh/X/ig/yp/?,d; midj;J fldhsh;fSf;Fk; fld; jPh;f;fg;gl;L? tpl;ljhy;. epWkf; fiyg;g[ kD js;Sgo bra;aj;jf;fJ vd;w kDjhuUf;fhd fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"hpd; thjk;. fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jpd; (f/t/jP/) Kd;g[ tHf;F eltof;iffs;,Ue;JtUtjhy;. bgha;j;Jtpl;lJ vd;gJ bjspt[/ vdnt. nfh/X/ig/yp/?,d; gpizapy;yhf; fldhsh;fSf;Fj;jhd; fld; jPh;f;fntz;oapUe;jJ. mJ. epWk ePjpgjpahy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l cj;jutpidj; bjhlh;e;J epiwntw;wg;gl;lJ vdg; gjpthtz';fs; bjhptpf;fpd;wd/ nfh/X/ig/yp/?,d; epUthfpahy; bra;ag;gl;l tN:ypg;gpypUe;J nfhhpf;iffis tuntw;W. 24/8/2005 md;W nfh/X/ig/yp/?My; bra;ag;gl;l bghJtpsk;guk;. epWkj;jpd; itg;gPl;lhsh;fSf;F my;yJ gpizapy;yhf; fldhsh;fSf;F kl;Lnk tiuaWf;fg;gl;lJ vd;w r';fjpapd;go,jw;F Mjutspf;fg;gLfpwJ/ 11/6/ Mfnt. nfh/X/ig/yp/?,d; gpizf; fldhsh;fSf;F,Jtiu fld; jPh;f;fg;gl;oUf;fhjjhy;. mth;fs; epWkf; fiyg;g[ eltof;ifiaj; js;Sgo bra;a[k; ve;jbthU cj;jutpdhYk; ghjpf;fg;glf;Toath;fshjyhy;. eh';fs; ep/k/ vz; 179-2001?I kPl;lspf;Fk; ePjpah; <uhaj;jpd; jPh;Koit cWjpbra;J. rl;lg;go tHf;F eltof;iffspd; tpsk;guj;ij btspapLtjw;fhf epWkf; fiyg;g[ mjpfhhpf;F chpa cj;jut[fs; gpwg;gpf;f epWk ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F cj;jutpLfpnwhk;/ 11/7/ ep/k/ vz; 179-2001?,y; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l ep/tp/ vz; 734-2011?f;F kl;Lnk vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd tHf;F eltof;iffs; bjhlh;g[ilaJ vd;gjhy;. 3?Mk; vjph;kDjhuuhd kidtpahy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l ep/k/ vz; 180-2001 vd;w kw;bwhU epWkf; fiyg;g[ kD. gjptpy; bjhlh;e;J,Ue;JtUfpwJ vd;W eh';fs;,';F Tw tpiHfpnwhk;/ ep/k/ vz; 180-2001 vd;w kDtpy; vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; jPh;g;ghiz Fwpj;j cj;jut[ VJkpy;iy/ Mjyhy; mJ ghjpg;gpd;wpa[s;sJ/ 12/ ePjpah; <uhaj;jhy; epWkf; fiyg;g[ kD kPl;lspf;fg;gl;lJ rhpna vd;w fhz;Kotpd; Jizbfhz;Lghh;f;ifapy;. kDjhuUf;F Mjuthf nfh/X/ig/yp/?My; epiwntw;wg;gl;Ls;s tpw;gid cld;gof;if Xut";rff; fldilg;g[f;F epfuhdjh> mjw;fLj;J. kDjhuh; jdf;fhjuthf fpiua Mtzj;ij epiwntw;wf; nfhUtjw;F chpika[ilatuh> Mfpatw;iwf; Fwpj;J Muha;tjw;F jw;nghJ eh';fs; Kw;gLfpd;nwhk;/ fpiua Mtzk; epiwntw;Wjy; 13/,g;gpur;rpidapYs;s ew;TWfis Muha;e;jwptjw;F Kd;ghf 1956?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; chpa tifKiwfisf; Fwpg;gpLtJ. gaDilajhf,Uf;Fk;: @gphpt[ 531: Xut";rff; fldilg;g[ ? (1) xU epWkj;jpd; fiyg;g[ bjhl';Ftjw;F Kd;g[ MW khj';fSf;Fs;. mira[k; my;yJ mirahr; brhj;jpd; chpik khw;wk;. bghUl;fis xg;gilj;jy;. bjhif brYj;Jjy;. mr;brhj;J bjhlh;ghf vLf;fg;gLk; epiwntw;Wjy; my;yJ gpw eltof;if vJt[k;. me;epWkj;jhy; my;yJ mjw;bfjpuhf vLf;fg;gl;lhnyh. bra;ag;gl;lhnyh. behog;g[epiy kDtpd;nghpy; behoj;jtuhf jPh;khdpf;fg;gLk; jdpegh;. behog;g[epiy kDitj; jhf;fy; bra;tjw;F Kd;ghf. K:d;W khj';fSf;Fs; bra;ag;gLk; epWkf; fiyg;g[. mtuhy; my;yJ mtUf;bfjpuhf vLf;fg;gl;lhnyh. bra;ag;gl;lhnyh mtuJ behog;g[epiyapy; mJ Xut";rff; fldilg;ghff; fUjg;gLk;. nkYk;. epWkk; fiyf;fg;gLk; rkaj;jpy;. mJ. mjd; fldhsh;fspd; Xut";rff; fldilg;ghff; fUjg;gLk;. mjd;goahf mJ bry;Ygoaw;wjhFk;/ gp/293: thhpaj;jpd; mjpfhuj;jpd;nghpyhd fl;Lg;ghLfs; ? (1) xU bghJ epWkj;jpd; my;yJ xU bghJ epWkj;jpd; Jiz epWkkhf cs;s xU jdpahh; epWkj;jpd;,af;Feh; FGkk; bghJf; FG Tl;lj;jpy; me;j bghJ epWkj;jpd; my;yJ Jiz epWkj;jpd; xg;g[jypd;wp.?

(m) bghWg;ngw;g[ epWkj;ij bkhj;jkhfnth my;yJ bkhj;jj;jpy; xU fzprkhd gFjpianah my;yJ epWkk; xd;wpw;Fk; nkw;gl;l bghWg;ngw;gpypUe;jhy;. mj;jifa bghWg;ngw;g[ vjida[k; bkhj;jkhfnth my;yJ bkhj;jj;jpy; fzprkhd xU gFjpianah tpw;wy;. Fj;jiff;F tpLjy; my;yJ ntWtpjkhfnth jPh;t[bra;jy;TlhJ/@ (typa[Wj;jpf; Twg;gl;lJ) 14/ xU epWkk; mjd; Ke;ija eltof;iffspd;nghpy; fiyf;fg;gLtjd; tpisitf; Fwpj;J gphpt[ 531 vd;w xU tifak; tpthjpf;fpwJ/ epWkf; fiyg;g[ bjhl';Ftjw;F (,jpy;,jw;Fg;gpwF @eyptila[k; fhyk;@ vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;@) Kd;g[s;s MW khj fhyj;jpw;Fs; xU epWkj;jpd; brhj;J bjhlh;ghf bra;ag;gLk; ve;jbthU branyh my;yJ chpik khw;wnkh mjd; fldhsh;fspd; Xut";rff; fldilg;ghff; fUjg;gLk;. nkYk;. mjd;goahf,J bry;yhjjhff; fUjg;glntz;Lbkd tifbra;fpwJ. jw;nghija tHf;fpd;bghUl;L. gphpt[ 531. gphpt[ 293?f;F cldpizthfr; nrh;j;J bghUs;bfhs;sg;glntz;Lk;. mJ. xU bghJ epWkj;jpd; brhj;ij bkhj;jkhfnth my;yJ bkhj;jj;jpy; fzprkhd gFjpianah tpw;gjw;F mjd; bghJf; FG Tl;lj;jpd; xg;g[jy; njitg;gLfpwJ vd tiuaWf;fpwJ/ 15/,';F. fpiua Mtzj;ij epiwntw;Wtjw;fhf kDjhuuhy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l epWk tpz;zg;g (ep/tp/) vz; 1208-2002?I Fwpj;J tpthjpf;ifapy;. 17/2/2000?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l tpw;gid cld;gof;ifahdJ. kDjhuUf;Fk;. nfh/X/ig/yp/?,d; epUthfj;jpw;Fk;,ilnaahd t";rff; Tl;L eltof;ifna vd;w fhuzj;jpd;nghpy;. fw;wwpe;j epWk ePjpgjp mijj; js;Sgo bra;jhh;/ tpw;gid cld;gof;if epiwntw;wg;gl;l rkaj;jpnyna nfh/X/ig/yp/ epjpbeUf;foapy;,Ue;jjhft[k;. kw;w gpizf; fldhsh;fsplk; U:/5 nfho fld;gl;oUe;jjhft[k; fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ mj;jifa gpiz kw;Wk; kw;w gpizapy;yhf; fldhsh;fs;,Ug;gjhy;. kDjhuUf;F Mjuthf epWkj;jpd; Kf;fpakhdr; brhj;jhf cs;s tHf;Fr; brhj;ij khw;WtJ vd;gJ Xut";rff; fldilg;g[ vdj; jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ/ nkYk;. brhj;jpd; cilik kDjhuhplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhnyna fldhsh;fspd; bghJf; FGtpy; mjw;F ve;jbthU Kd;Dhpika[k; fpilj;JtplhJ vd;W fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ epWkj;jpd; nkhrkhd epjpepiyikiaj; bjhptpf;fpd;w nfh/X/ig/yp/?,d; 1999?2000?Mk; tUlj;jpw;fhd Mz;lwpf;ifiag; ghh;f;ff;Toa tha;g;g[ kDjhuUf;Ff; fpilj;jjhy;. nfh/X/ig/yp/?,d; epjpbeUf;foia mwpahj mth; ey;byz;zj;jpd;ghy; tpiyf;Fth';fpath; vdf; nfhuKoahJ vd;Wk; jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ/ 16/ nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;lthW. gpur;rpidapYs;s tHf;Fr; brhj;J. Fwpg;ghf. nfh/X/ig/yp/?,d; xnu Kf;fpakhd mirahr; brhj;jhf,Ue;jjhYk;. mJ gy;ntW gpiz kw;Wk; gpizapy;yhf; fldhsh;fspd; nfhhpf;iffis epiwntw;wntz;oapUe;jjhYk;. fpiua eltof;ifia mDkjpg;gJ epahakw;wJ vd;w mog;gilapy; nky;KiwaPl;oy; epWk ePjpkd;wj;jpd; cj;juit ePjpah; <uhak; cWjpbra;jJ/,jdog;gilapy;. gphpt[ 293(1)?,d; fPH; nfhug;gl;lthW. 31/3/1999?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l thhpaj;jpd; jPh;khdk; nghJkhdjy;y vd;Wk;. fpiua eltof;iffSf;F xg;g[jyspf;fpd;w nfh/X/ig/yp/?,d; bghJf; FG Tl;lj;jpd; jPh;khdk; mtrpakhdJ vdj; jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ/ kDjhuh; mjw;fhjuthd tpw;gid cld;gof;ifiaj;jhd; itj;jpUe;jhh;. mJnt ve;jbthU chpikfisa[k; mspj;JtplhJ vd;Wk; ePjpah; <uhak; jPh;khdpj;jJ/ nkYk;. brhj;jpd; cilik. me;j eltof;if Kotila[k; rkaj;jpnyna (fpiua Mtzk; gjpt[ bra;a[k; rkaj;jpd;nghJ) th';Fgthplk; xg;gilf;fg;gLk; vd;W fpiua cld;gof;if tifbra;tjhy;. 6/11/2000 md;whd cilik khw;wkhdJ kDjhuUf;F Kd;Dhpik mspf;Fk; elj;ijia epiwntw;Wk; nfh/X/ig/yp/ epUthfj;jpd; vz;zj;ijg; gpujpgypj;jJ vdf; fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ/,Wjpahf. eyptila[k; fhyj;jpw;F MW khj';fSf;F Kd;djhf tpw;gid cld;gof;if bra;Jbfhs;sg;gl;ljd; mog;gilapy; kDjhuh; gphpt[ 531?ypUe;J tpyf;F nfhuKoahJ vd;W jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ/,J bra;ag;gl;ljw;fhd fhuzk; ahbjdpy;. ePjpah; <uhak; gphpt[ 531?I brhj;jpd; @chpik khw;wj;jpw;F@ kl;Lnk bjhlh;g[g;gLj;jp bghUs;bfhz;lJ. nkYk; mjw;fpz';f. gpur;rpidf;Fhpa tpw;gid cld;gof;if. @chpik khw;wj;jpypUe;J@ ntWgl;ljhFk; vd;Wk;. mJ. 1882?Mk; Mz;L brhj;Jhpik khw;Wr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 54?,d;go fpiua Mtzk; K:ykhf kl;Lnk bra;ag;gLfpwJ vd;Wk; jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ/ vdnt. tpw;gid cld;gof;ifahdJ. epWkf; fiyg;g[ kDf;fs; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gLtjw;F Vwf;Fiwa gjpdhW khj';fSf;F Kd;ghf epiwntw;wg;gl;oUe;jnghjpYk;. kDjhuh;. gphpt[ 531?ypUe;J gyd;bgwKoahJ vd;W ePjpah; <uhak; jPh;twpf;if bra;jJ/ 17/ fw;wwpe;j epWk ePjpgjp kw;Wk; ePjpah; <uhaj;jhy; tH';fg;gl;Ls;s jPh;Kot[fs; kw;Wk; bjhlh;g[ila tpjpfis Muha;tjd;nghpy;. kDjhuUf;F Mjuthf fpiua Mtzj;ij epiwntw;Wtjw;fhf mJ jhf;fy; bra;j ep/tp/ vz; 1208-2002?MdJ js;Sgo bra;aj;jf;fJ vd;w ePjpah; <uhaj;jpd; jPh;Kot[ld; eh';fs; cld;gLfpd;nwhk;/,jw;F Kjd;ikahd fhuzk; ahbjdpy;. 1956?Mk; Mz;L rl;lg;gphpt[ 293(1)?,d; njitg;ghLfs; epiwntw;wg;gl;oUf;ftpy;iy vd;gjhFk;/ 17/1/ nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;lthW. xU epWkj;jpd; brhj;J KGtJkhfnth my;yJ me;j bkhj;jr; brhj;jpypUe;J xU fzprkhdg; gFjpianah tpw;gjw;F my;yJ rl;lg;go chpikaspg;gjw;F epWkj;jpd; bghJf; FG Tl;lj;jpd; xg;g[jiy gphpt[ 293(1) nfhUfpwJ/ mirahr; brhj;jpd; tpw;gid vd;gJ fpiua Mtzk; K:ykhf kl;Lnk epiwntw;wg;gLk; vd;gJk;. tpw;gid cld;gof;ifahdJ. mirahr; brhj;jpd; chpik. chpikK:yk; my;yJ ghj;jpaijia chpik khw;wk; bra;ahJ vd;gJk; ed;F mWjpaplg;gl;l xd;whFk;/ [fhz;f: Ruh$; nyk;g; &,d;l!;l;hP!; (gp) ypkpbll; (2) ?vjph;? cwhpahdh khepy muR. (2012) 1 v!;/rp/rp/ 656; ng';f; M`g;,e;jpah ?vjph;? mga; o/ enuhj;jk;. (2005) 11 v!;/rp/rp/ 520]/ Ke;ija fpiua cld;gof;ifapd; mog;gilapy; kDjhuUf;F Mjuthf fpiua Mtzj;ij epiwntw;w ep/tp/ vz; 1208-2002?,y; nfhhpapUe;jhYk;.,J gphpt[ 293(1)?,d;go epWkj;jpd; bghJf; FG Tl;lj;jpd; xg;g[jYf;FhpajhfpwJ/ tHf;Fr; brhj;Jjhd;. nfh/X/ig/yp/?,d; xnu mirahr; brhj;J vd;w,U fPHik ePjpkd;w';fspd; cWjpahd fhz;Koitf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;lhy;. kDjhuUf;fhd fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"hpd; gzpe;Jiuf;F khwhf,t;tifak; jw;nghija tHf;Ff;Fg; bghUe;JtjhFk;/ nfh/X/ig/yp/?,d; bghJf; FG Tl;lj;jpy; ve;jbthU xg;g[jYk; bgwg;gltpy;iy vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ/ tHf;Fr; brhj;ij tpw;Fk; nehf;fj;Jld; fpiua cld;gof;iffs; kw;Wk; kw;w Mtz';fis epiwntw;w 1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuiu mDkjpf;fpd;w 31/3/1999?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l thhpaj;jpd; jPh;khdk; kl;Lnk cs;sJ/ bghJf; FG Tl;lj;jpy; njitahd xg;g[jy;,y;yhjepiyapy;. fpiua Mtzj;ij epiwntw;Wtjw;fhd jw;nghija tpz;zg;gj;ij mDkjpf;fKoahJ. Vbddpy;. mt;thW bra;tjhy; gphpt[ 293(1)?,d; fPH; typa[Wj;Jk; njitg;ghLfspypUe;J kDjhuh; tpyfpr;bry;y,J mDkjpj;JtpLk;/ Mfnt. v';fsJ MH;e;jhuha;e;jf; fUj;Jg;go.,f;fhuzj;jpd; mog;gilapy; kl;Lnk ep/tp/ vz; 1208-2002 js;Sgo bra;ag;gLtjw;FhpajhFk;/ 17/2/,t;thwpUf;ifapy;. gpur;rpidf;Fhpa tpw;gid cld;gof;if. Xut";rff; fldilg;g[f;F epfuhdjh> vd;gijf; Fwpj;J,U jug;gpdh;fshYk; vGg;gg;gl;l thjj;jpd; mog;gilapy;. mijf;Fwpj;J tpthjpg;gJ mtrpabkd eh';fs; fUJfpnwhk;/ nkw;go cld;gof;if. gphpt[ 531?,d; fPH; Xut";rff; fldilg;ghff; Fwpg;gplKoahJ vd;w fhuzj;jhy; ePjpah; <uhaj;jpd; fUj;Jld; eh';fs; Kuz;gLfpnwhk;/ 1956?Mk; Mz;L,e;jpa epWkr; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 531?MdJ (jw;nghJ 2013?Mk; Mz;L epWk';fs; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 328). Xut";rff; fldilg;g[f;fhd gzg; ghpth;j;jidapd; njitg;ghLfis tFj;Jiuf;fpd;w Xh;,d;wpaikahj tifakhFk;/ 1948?Mk; Mz;L. M';fpnya epWk';fs; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 320?I xl;o tidag;gl;l,U epge;jidfSk; g{h;j;jpbra;ag;gLkhdhy;. epWkj;jpd; brhj;J bjhlh;ghf bra;ag;gLk; ve;jbthU braYk; Xut";rff; fldilg;g[ vd;w jFjpiag; bgWk; vd tifbra;fpwJ/ Kjyhtjhf. epWkj;jpd; kdjpy; tp";rpepw;Fk; cl;fUj;jhdJ (mjd;,af;Feh;fs; my;yJ g';Fjhuh;fspd; bghJf; FGthy; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; bgw;wthW) xU Fwpg;gpl;l fldhsUf;F Kd;Dhpik mspf;fg;glntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;/ [fhz;f: b$ae;jp gha; ?vjph;? ghg;g[yh; ng';f; ypkpbll;. V/I/Mh;/ 1966 nfush 296; mgpc&pay; ypf;tpnll;lh;. tpf;lh; rpl; gz;L (gp) ypkpbll; ?vjph;? fd;ah yhy; kw;Wk; gyh;. (1972) 42 nfhk;fh!; 196 (bly;yp)]/,uz;lhtjhf. epWkj;jpd; epWkf; fiyg;g[ kD jhf;fy; bra;ag;gLtjw;F MW khj fhy';fSf;F Kd;g[ nkw;go bray;ghL nkw;bfhs;sg;glntz;Lk;/ Kjyhk; ntz;LWj;jy;. fldhsh;fis nkhrobra;a[k; cl;fUj;J tp";rpepw;gjhf fz;lwpag;gl;L cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk; mnjntisapy;. epWkj;Jld; bjhlh;g[bfhz;Ls;sth;fSf;F tzpfhPjpahd cWjpj;jd;ik kw;Wk; eltof;iffs;,Wjpepiyailjy; vd;wbjhU epiy cs;sjhf,uz;lhtjhdJ cWjpbra;fpwJ/ 17/3/,jd; mog;gilapy; jw;nghija tHf;fpd; bghUz;ikfisf; Fwpj;J ehk; Muha;e;Jg; ghh;j;jhy;. gphpt[ 531?,d; fPHhd,uz;lhk; njitg;ghl;il ePjpah; <uhak; Kw;wpYk; g[wf;fzpj;Js;sjhfj; njhd;WfpwJ/ kDjhuUf;F gydspf;Fk; tpjkhf nfh/X/ig/yp/ epUthfj;jpd; tp";rpepw;Fk; cl;fUj;ijr; Rl;of;fhl;Lfpd;w fhuzpfis Muha;e;jjd; mog;gilapnyna. fpiua cld;gof;if Xut";rff; fldilg;ig mikg;gjhfj; jPh;khdpf;f Kw;gl;lJ/ mt;thWbra;jjpy;. nkw;go cld;gof;ifahdJ. 17/2/2000 md;W epiwntw;wg;gl;lJ. nkYk;. epWkf; fiyg;g[ kDf;fs; 2/7/2001?,y; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;ld. mnjntisapy;. gphpt[ 531?,d; fPH; fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l MW khj fhyj;jpw;F khwhdjhf,Ug;gjhy;.,U epfH;t[fSf;Fk;,ilnaahd,ilbtsp gjpdhW khj';fSf;Fnky; cs;sJ vd;gijf; Fwpg;gpl;L. mjid kjpg;gplj; jtwptpl;lJ/ mnjnghd;W. tHf;Fr; brhj;jpd; cilik khw;wKk; epWkf; fiyg;g[ kD jhf;fy; bra;ag;gLtjw;F MW khj fhyj;jpw;F Kd;ghfnt ele;Jtpl;lJ vd;gija[k; ghprPypf;fj; jtwptpl;lJ/ gpd;dh; ePjpah; <uhak;. me;j eltof;if Xut";rff; fldilg;g[ vd tiuaWf;fpwJ vd;W jPh;khdpj;J. gphpt[ 531?,d; fPH; tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;s fhytuk;gpidg; g[wf;fzpj;J gpiHg[hpe;Jtpl;lJ vd;gJ bjspt[/ nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;lthW. epWkj;Jld; ghpth;j;jidapy; <Lgl;Ls;s jug;gpdh;fSf;F tzpfhPjpahd cWjpj;jd;ikia cWjpg;gLj;JtJ kpft[k; Kf;fpakhdjhy;. mijg; g[wf;fzpf;fKoahJ vd;gjhFk;/ 17/4/ nkYk;. fpiua cld;gof;if @chpik khw;wj;jpw;F@ epfuhfhJ vd;gjhy; kDjhuh;. gphpt[ 531?,d; gaidg; gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;sKoahJ vd;w ePjpah; <uhaj;jpd; fhuztpsf;fj;Jld; eh';fs; Kuz;gLfpd;nwhk;/ brhj;jpd; ve;j Xh; chpik khw;wKk; bra;ag;gLtnjhL @brhj;J bjhlh;ghf bra;ag;gLk; gpw bray;ghL@ vjida[k; mJ cs;slf;FfpwJ vd;gij tifaj;jpd; bghUs;tpsf;fnk bjhptpf;fpwJ/ gphpt[ 531 tphpthdJ vd;gija[k;. mjd; tuk;g[f;Fs; kiwKfkhd ghpth;j;jidfis cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ vd;gija[k;,r;brhw;fs; Rl;of;fhl;Lfpd;wd/ [fhz;f: khzpf; uj;jd; Ftpd; kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? gpufhc&; re;jpu rl;nlhghj;jpaha;. (1953?54) 58 rp/lgps;a{/vd;/ 545 (fy;fj;jh)]. Mjyhy;. kDjhuh; MW khj fhy epge;jidia epiwntw;whjjd; fhuzkhf gphpt[ 531?,d; gaidg; bgWtjpypUe;J tpyf;fg;glkhl;lhh;/ 17/5/ Mfnt. gphpt[ 531?,d;go 17/2/2000?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l fpiua cld;gof;if. Xut";rff; fldilg;g[ vdf; Tw,ayhJ vd;gJ bjspt[/ 18/ gphpt[ 293(1) cldhd,zf;fkpd;ikiag; g[wf;fzpf;fKoahJ vd;gjhy;. ep/tp/ vz; 1208-2002 js;Sgo bra;ag;glj;jf;fJ vd;w v';fsJ Kotpid. Xut";rff; fldilg;g[ vd;gjd;nghpyhd v';fsJ fhz;Kot[ ghjpf;fhJ vd;gij,j;jUzj;jpy; eh';fs; kPz;Lk; typa[Wj;Jfpnwhk;/ epWkf; fiyg;g[ eltof;iffis kPl;lspg;gjw;F Mjuthf v';fsJ jPh;Kot[,Ue;jhYk;. gphpt[ 293 bjhlh;g[ila FiwghL gpd;dpl;L nfh/X/ig/yp/?My; fisag;gl;oUe;jnghjpYk;. vjph;fhyj;jpy; kDjhuUf;F Mjuthf epiwntw;wg;gLk; ve;jbthU fpiua MtzKk; epWkf; fiyg;g[ eltof;iffspd; Kot[f;Fl;gl;oUf;Fk; vd;W eh';fs; fUj;Jiuf;fpd;nwhk;/ 19/ Kd;brhd;d tpthjj;ijf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;L. ep/k/ vz; 179-2001?,d; epWkf; fiyg;g[ eltof;iffis kPl;lspj;J. K/gp/nk/ vz; 396-2013?,y; 28/7/2017?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l bkl;uh!; cah; ePjpkd;w ePjpah; <uhaj;jpd; jPh;Kotpid eh';fs; cWjpbra;fpnwhk;/ mjd;gona.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpy; Kd;bfhzug;gl;l rp/m/k/ (chpikapay;) vz; 5143-2018 js;Sgo bra;ag;gLfpwJ/ K/gp/nk/ vz; 284-2003?,y; ePjpah; <uhaj;jpd; 17/8/2009?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd jPh;g;g[iuiag; bghWj;jtiuapy;. kDjhuUf;F Mjuthf fpiua Mtzj;ij epiwntw;wf; nfhUfpd;w ep/tp/ vz; 1208-2002 js;Sgoia eh';fs; cWjpbra;fpnwhk;/ mjd;go.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;g[ jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l rp/m/k/ (chpikapay;) vz; 33825-2009 js;Sgo bra;ag;gLfpwJ/ khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ nkhfd; vk;/ re;jhdft[lh; khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ m$a; u!;njhfp g[J jpy;yp. 17/10/2019/ ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? chpikj;Jwg;g[ @tl;lhu bkhHpapy; bkhHpahf;fk; bra;ag;gl;l,j;jPh;g;g[iuahdJ. tHf;fho. jd;Dila bkhHpapy; g[hpe;Jbfhs;tjw;F gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;tjw;Fl;gl;lnjad;wp. ntbwe;j nehf;fj;jpw;fhft[k; gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;syhfhJ/ midj;J eilKiwahd kw;Wk; mYty;Kiwahd nehf;f';fSf;Fk; kw;Wk; jPh;g;g[iuia epiwntw;wYf;Fk;. braw;gLj;jYf;Fk; mjd; M';fpyg; gjpg;ng mjpfhug;g{h;tkhdjhFk;/@