56818d315f3b086ed880caf7d68e844b55f61d564eb840590fffa618adee3b00

2019 INSC 1119

vGfpd;wd/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd vk;/ ,uhkyp';fk; (M/g/t/ vz;/ 3-1995?,y; 2?Mk; vjphp) ,/j/r/. gphpt[ 120?M kw;Wk; 420?,d; fPH; Fw;wthspbad jPh;g;gspf;fg;gl;L. ,uz;L Mz;Lfs; fL";rpiwj; jz;lid mDgtpf;ft[k;. U:/1.000-? mguhjk; brYj;jt[k;. jtwpdhy; xt;bthU Fw;wj;jpw;Fk; 6 khj';fs; fL";rpiwj; jz;lid mDgtpf;ft[k; jz;lidj; jPh;g;gplg;gl;lhh; kw;Wk; nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd vd;/ ,uh$h';fk; (M/g/t/ vz; 5-1995?,y; 2?Mk; vjphp) ,/j/r/. gphpt[ 120?M. 467 cldpize;j gphpt[ 471?,d; fPH; Fw;wthspbad jPh;g;gspf;fg;gl;L. ,uz;L Mz;Lfs; fL";rpiwj; jz;lid mDgtpf;ft[k;. U:/1.000-? mguhjk; brYj;jt[k;. jtwpdhy; xt;bthU Fw;wj;jpw;Fk; 6 khj';fs; fL";rpiwj; jz;lid mDgtpf;ft[k; jz;lidj; jPh;g;gplg;gl;lhh;/ 2/ tHf;fpd; RUf;fkhd bghUz;ikfs; ahbjdpy;. midj;J K:d;W tHf;FfspYk; O/ khwd; (v/1) vd;gth;. ehpFo. ,e;jpad; Xth;rP!; t';fp (,/X/t/)?,y; 1988?Mk; Mz;L nk jp';fs; 4?Mk; njjp Kjy; 1991?Mk; Mz;L $dthp jp';fs; 28?Mk; njjptiu fpis nkyhsuhf ,Ue;jhh;/ 1?Mk; vjphp (O/ khwd;). ehfuh$d; (M/g/t/ vz; 4-1995?,y; v/2/) (Fw;w mwpf;ifj; jhf;fy; bra;j gpwF ,we;Jtpl;l vGj;jh; kw;Wk; jl;lr;rh;) vd;gtUld; nrh;e;J fpisapy; eifg; ghJfhg;g[ bghWg;ghsuhapUe;jhh;/ vk;/ ,uhkyp';fj;jpw;F (M/g/t/ vz;/ 3-1995?,y; v/2) V/b$/vy;/ vz; 78-89?,y; U:/7000-?f;F tptrha eiff;fld; tH';f. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; (O/ khwd;?v/1) xg;g[jy; mspj;jjhf Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;L. mtUf;bfjpuhf M/g/t/ vz; 3-1995. 4-1995 kw;Wk; 5-1995?Mf K:d;W jdpj;jdp Fw;wtpay;

tHf;Ffs; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;ld/ vk;/ ,uhkyp';fk; (Fw;wtpay; nky;KiwaPL vz; 1949-2009?,y; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;) vd;gtUf;F flDjtp V/b$/vy;/ 78-89?,y; mspf;Fk;bghUl;L. V/b$/vy;/ vz;/ 45-81?,y; itg;gPL bra;ag;gl;l eiffs; v/1 (O/ khwd;)?My; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ljhf Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;lJ/ me;j nehf;fj;jpw;fhf 1981?Mk; Mz;L etk;gh; jp';fs; 12?Mk; njjpad;W fzf;F vz; V/b$/vy;/ 45-81 bjhl';fg;gl;L. 1988?Mk; Mz;L khh;r; jp';fs; 26?Mk; njjpad;W mf;fzf;F Kof;fg;gl;lJ/ 3/ ntbwhU eltof;ifapy;. ehfuh$d; (M/g/t/ vz;/ 4-1995?,y; v/2 ? gpd;dh; ,we;Jtpl;lhh;) vd;gtUf;F b$/vy;/ vz; 49-90?,y; U:/7.100-? eiff;fld; tH';f nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; O/ khwd; (v/1) xg;g[jyspj;jhh;/ Fw;wr;rhl;L ahbjdpy;. b$/vy;/ vz; 50-90?,y; itg;gPL bra;ag;gl;l eif b$/vy;/ vz; 49-90?f;F khw;w";bra;ag;gl;L. mJ ehfuh$Df;F (,we;jth;) flDjtp mspg;gjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ vd;gjhFk;/ b$/vy;/ 50-90. 1990?Mk; Mz;L khh;r; jp';fs; 24?Mk; njjpad;W bjhl';fg;gl;L. 1990?Mk; Mz;L $^d; jp';fs; 1?Mk; njjpad;W Kof;fg;gl;lJ/ 4/ kw;WbkhU jdpg;gl;l eltof;ifapYk;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; (O/ khwd;?v/1). ,uh$h';fk; (M/g/t/ vz; 5-1995?,y; v/2) vd;gtUf;F V/b$/vy;/ vz; 123-90?,y; U:/10.000-?f;F tptrha eiff;fld; tH';f xg;g[jyspj;jhh;/ ,uh$h';fj;jpw;F V/b$/vy;/ vz; 123-90 vd;w flDjtpaspf;Fk;bghUl;L V/b$/vy;/ vz; 372-87?,y; itg;gPL bra;ag;gl;l eif gad;gLj;jg;gl;ljhf Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;lJ/ 1987?Mk; Mz;L

etk;gh; jp';fs; 10?Mk; njjpad;W V/b$/vy;/ vz; 372-87 bjhl';fg;gl;L. 1988?Mk; Mz;L $dthp jp';fs; 28?Mk; njjpad;W mf;fzf;F Kof;fg;gl;lJ/ 5/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; (O/ khwd;?v/1) 1990?Mk; Mz;L mf;nlhgh; jp';fs; 4?Mk; njjp Kjy; 1990?Mk; Mz;L mf;nlhgh; jp';fs; 6?Mk; njjp tiu tpLg;g[ vLj;Jf;bfhz;lnghJjhd; ,J btspr;rj;jpw;F te;jJ/ m/rh/2 (fpUc&;zK:h;j;jp) bghWg;ngw;Wf;bfhz;L rpy Kuz;ghLfisf; fz;lwpe;J. mjid jiyik kz;ly mYtyhplk; bjhptpj;jhh;/ fld; fzf;Ffspy; tprhuiz nkw;bfhs;s tpHpg;g[g;gzp mYtyh; epakpf;fg;gl;L. tprhuizf;Fg;gpwF mth; KiwnfLfisf; fz;lwpe;jhh;/ mjd;gpwF K:d;W jdpj;jdp K/j/m/fs; gjpt[bra;ag;gl;ljpy;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd O/ khwDf;bfjpuhf ,e;jpa jz;lidr; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 120?M. 467. 467 cldpize;j gphpt[ 471. 420. 477?m?,d; fPGk;. CHy; jLg;g[r; rl;lk;. 1988. gphpt[ 13(2) cldpize;j gphpt[ 13(1)(<)?,d; fPGk; Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;L. mit xt;bthd;wpd; fPGk; Fw;wr;rhl;Lfs; tidag;gl;ld kw;Wk; vjphp vk;/ ,uhkyp';fk; (M/g/t/ vz; 3-1995?,y; v/2) ,/j/r/. gphpt[ 120?M. 420?,d; fPH; Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;lhh;/ nkYk;. vjphp vd;/ ,uh$h';fk; (M/g/t/ vz; 5-1995?,y; v/2) ,/j/r/. gphpt[ 120?M. 467 cldpize;j gphpt[ 471?,d; fPH; Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;lhh;/ 6/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; (O/ khwd;) kw;Wk; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; (vk;/ ,uhkyp';fk;?M/g/t/ vz; 3-1995?,y; v/2) MfpnahUf;bfjpuhd

Fw;wr;rhl;L ahbjdpy;. v/2 (vk;/ ,uhkyp';fk;). v/1 (O/ khwd;. fpisnkyhsh;) kw;Wk; ehfuh$d; (gpd;dh; ,we;Jtpl;lhh;) Mfpnahh; eifia mlF itf;fhky; U:/7.000-? mstpw;F t';fpia nkhro bra;a[k;bghUl;L xd;whf rjpj;jpl;lk; jPl;odh;/ v/2 (vk;/ ,uhkyp';fk;) eiff;flDf;F tpz;zg;gpj;jhh;/ mjd;nghpy;. v/1 (O/ khwd;). v/2 (vk;/ ,uhkyp';fk;)?My; eif mlF itf;fg;gl;lJnghd;W jtwhd gjpt[fis. eiff;fld; ,af;fg; gjpntl;oy; (rhd;whtzk; gp/4) cUthf;fp mf;flDf;F xg;g[jy; mspj;Js;shh;/ Mdhy;. cz;ikapy; gjpntl;oy; ve;jg; gjpt[k; ,y;iy/ mjd;K:ykhf t';fpf;F Kiwnflhd tifapy; el;lj;ij Vw;gLj;jp. mth;fSk; Kiwnflhd tifapy; Mjhak; mile;Js;sdh;/ eifg; gjpntl;od;go v/2?My; mlF itf;fg;gl;lJnghy; fhz;gpf;fg;gl;l eifahdJ. kw;bwhU fldhsuhd jpU/ Kj;Juhkyp';fk; (m/rh/9) (1981?Mk; Mz;L etk;gh; jp';fs; 12?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l fld;) vd;gtUf;FhpaJ kw;Wk; mth; mtUila fld; fzf;if (V/b$/vy;/ vz; 45-81. 1988?Mk; Mz;L khh;r; jp';fs; 26?Mk; njjp) Koj;Jf;bfhz;lhh; kw;Wk; mtuhy; kPl;blLg;gjw;fhf mlF itf;fg;gl;l eifia mtUf;F jpUg;gpf;bfhLf;ftpy;iy/ v/2 (vk;/ ,uhkyp';fk;)?My; bgwg;gl;l V/b$/vy;/ 78-89 flDf;fhf t';fp ve;j eifiaa[k; bgw;Wf;bfhs;stpy;iy kw;Wk; V/b$/vy;/ 78-89?f;F ve;j gjpt[k; ,y;iy vd;gija[k;. nkYk; 75-89 kw;Wk; 80-89?f;F ,ilapy; xU gjpt[f;Fwpg;g[ bra;ag;gltpy;iy vd;gija[k; gjpntL fhl;LfpwJ/ 7/ M/g/t/ vz;/ 4-1995?,y; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; (O/ khwd;) kw;Wk; v/2?ehfuh$d; (Fw;w mwpf;if jhf;fy; bra;jgpwF ,we;Jtpl;l vGj;jh;)

MfpnahUf;bfjpuhd Fw;wr;rhl;L ahbjdpy;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; O/ khwd; (v/1) t';fpia nkhrobra;a[k; N:H;r;rpapy; <Lgl;lhh; vd;gjhFk;/ nkYk; 1990?Mk; Mz;L khh;r; jp';fs; 24?Mk; njjp. v/2 (ehfuh$d;?,we;jth;) U:/7.100-?f;F eiff;flDf;fhf tpz;zg;gpj;jhh;. mjw;F v/1 (O/ khwd;) b$/vy;/ vz; 49-90?,y; xg;g[jyspj;jhh;/ nkw;fz;l eiff;fld; gw;wp eiff;fld; ,af;fg; gjpntl;oy; (rhd;whtzk; gp/5) 1990?Mk; Mz;L khh;r; jp';fs; 24?Mk; njjpad;W ve;jg; gjpt[k; ,y;iy/ Mdhy;. *,Usd;* (mtUila eif tpz;zg;gk;?rhd;whtzk; gp/4) vd;gtuhy; bgwg;gl;l eiff;fld; vz; 50-90?f;F bjhlh;ghd gjpt[f;Fwpg;g[ cs;sJ. gpd;dh; me;eif b$/vy;/ vz; 49-90 vd;gjpy; milkhdk; itf;fg;gl;ljhf fhl;Ltjw;fhf eiff;fld; vz; 50-90. b$/vy;/ vz;/ 49-90?Mf khw;wg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. mnjehspy;. mjhtJ. 1990?Mk; Mz;L khh;r; jp';fs; 24?Mk; njjpad;W. ,UsDf;F b$/vy;/ vz; 50-90 xg;g[jyspf;fg;gl;lJ/ tpaf;fj;jf;ftifapy;. fldhsh; ,Usdhy; eif kPl;fg;gl;ljhy;. b$/vy;/ vz; 50-90 Kof;fg;gl;lJ/ mjw;fhd gjpt[f;Fwpg;g[. 1990?Mk; Mz;L $^d; jp';fs; 1?Mk; njjpad;W eif ,af;fg; gjpntl;oy; cs;sJ/ 8/ nkYk;. M/g/t/ vz; 5-1995?,y; jdpahf gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l kw;WbkhU tHf;F eltof;ifapyhd Fw;wr;rhl;L ahbjdpy;. v/2 (vd;/ ,uh$h';fk;). nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; (O/ khwd;?fpisnkyhsh;. v/1) kw;Wk; ehfuh$d; (Fw;w mwpf;ifj; jhf;fy; bra;j gpwF ,we;Jtpl;l vGj;jh;) MfpnahUld; nrh;e;J eifia mlF itf;fhky; U:/10.000-? mstpw;F t';fpia nkhro bra;a[k;bghUl;L Tl;Lr;rjp bra;jdh; vd;gjhFk;/

v/2 (vd;/ ,uh$h';fk;) 1990?Mk; Mz;L Mf!;L jp';fs; 30?Mk; njjpad;W eif mlF itf;fhknyna U:/10.000-?f;fhd eiff;flDf;F tpz;zg;gpj;Js;shh; vd;gJ Fw;wr;rhl;lhFk;/ v/1 (O/ khwd;) fld; tH';f xg;g[jyspj;jhh; kw;Wk; milkhdk; itf;fg;gl;ljhfr; brhy;yg;gLk; eiffs;. t';fp eif kjpg;gPl;lhsuhy; kjpg;gPL bra;ag;gl;oUf;ftpy;iy. nkYk;. eiff;fld; ,af;fg; gjpntl;oy; (rhd;whtzk; gp/4) V/b$/vy;/ vz;fs; 123 kw;Wk; 124-1990 Fwpj;J ve;jg; gjpt[k; ,y;iybad;whYk;. mnjrkak;. eiff;fld; vz; 122-1990 Fwpj;J 1990?Mk; Mz;L Mf!;l; jp';fs; 28?Mk; njjpad;W xU gjpt[f;Fwpg;g[ bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ kw;Wk; eiff;fld; vz; 125-1990 Fwpj;J 1990?Mk; Mz;L brg;lk;gh; jp';fs; 4?Mk; njjpad;W kw;WbkhU gjpt[f;Fwpg;g[ bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ/ V/b$/vy;/ 123-1990?,y; cs;s eiffs; v/2 (vd;/ ,uh$h';fk;)?,d; fld; tpz;zg;gj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sthwhd vila[ld; xj;Jg;nghftpy;iy. Vbddpy; mjpYs;s r';fpypapd; vil 17/5 fpuhnkad;wp 64 fpuhk; my;y vd;Wk;. nkw;go eif *v/ fUg;gz;zd;* vd;gtUf;FhpaJ vd;Wk;. mth; 1987?Mk; Mz;L etk;gh; jp';fs; 10?Mk; njjpad;W eiff;fld; vz; 372-87?,d; fPH; eif milkhdk; itj;J U:/2.000-?I fldhfg; bgw;Wf;bfhz;lhh; vd;Wk;. mf;fld; fzf;if 1988?Mk; Mz;L $dthp jp';fs; 28?Mk; njjpad;W Koj;Jf;bfhz;lnghjpYk;. me;eifia mtUf;Fj; jpUg;gpf;bfhLf;fhky;. mjid khl;L tz;of;fld; 8-84?f;F gw;Wilikahf itj;Jf;bfhs;sg;gl;lJ vd;Wk; brhy;yg;gl;lJ/

9/ gzpahsh;fs; ,UtUk;. Fw;w tHf;nfhL. JiwhPjpahd tprhuiziaa[k; re;jpj;Js;sdh;. nkYk; Fw;wthspbad Kothd gpd;dh; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; (O/ khwd;?v/1) 1992?Mk; Mz;L $^iy jp';fs; 8?Mk; njjpad;W gzpapypUe;J ePf;fg;gl;lhh; vd;gJ ftdpf;fj;jf;fjhFk;/ 10/ tprhuizapd;nghJ. muRj;jug;g[ tHf;fpw;fhjuthf m/rh/2 (mYtyh;. ,e;jpad; Xth;rP!; t';fp. kz;ly mYtyfk;. kJiu). m/rh/3 (tpHpg;g[g;gzp mYtyh;. ,e;jpad; Xth;rP!; t';fp). m/rh/4 (fhrhsh;. ,e;jpad; Xth;rP!; t';fp. ehpf;Fo). m/rh/5 (jiyik mYtyh;. kz;ly mYtyfk;). m/rh/6 (jdp cjtpahsh;. ,e;jpad; Xth;rP!; t';fp. ehpf;Fo) kw;Wk; m/rh/8 (jpU/ b$ag;gpufhc&;. fldhsh;. fUg;gz;zdpd; rl;lg;goahd thhpR) Mfpnahhpd; thf;FK:y';fs; gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;ld/ nkYk;. fw;wwpe;j tprhuiz ePjpgjp 3-1995. 4-1995 kw;Wk; 5-1995 Mfpa K:d;W tHf;Ffspd; tprhuiziaa[k; xnurkaj;jpy; nkw;bfhz;L. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; (O/ khwd;) ,/j/r/ gphpt[fs; 120?M. 467. 467 cldpize;j gphpt[ 471. 420. 477?m?,d; fPGk; kw;Wk; CHy; jLg;g[r; rl;lk;. 1988. gphpt[ 13(2) cldpize;j gphpt[ 13(1)(<)?,d; fPGk; Fw;wthspbad jPh;g;gpl;L. ,uz;lhz;Lfs; fL";rpiwj; jz;lid mDgtpf;ft[k;. nkYk;. U:/1.000-? mguhjk; brYj;jt[k;. jtwpdhy; xt;bthU Fw;wj;jpw;Fk; MW khj';fs; fL';fhty; jz;lid mDgtpf;ft[k;. nkYk;. jz;lidia Vffhyj;jpy; mDgtpf;ft[k; jz;lidj; jPh;g;gspj;jhh;/ 11/ mnjrkaj;jpy;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; vk;/ ,uhkyp';fk; (M/g/t/ vz;/ 3-1995?,y; v/2) ,/j/r/. gphpt[ 120?M kw;Wk; 420?,d; fPH; Fw;wthspbad jPh;g;gspf;fg;gl;lhh; kw;Wk; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; vd;/ ,uh$h';fk;

(M/g/t/ vz;/ 5-1995?,y; v/2) ,/j/r/. gphpt[ 120?M. 467 cldpize;j gphpt[ 471?,d; fPH; Fw;wthspbad jPh;g;gspf;fg;gl;L. ,uz;L Mz;Lfs; fL';fhty; jz;lid mDgtpf;ft[k;. U:/1.000-? mguhjk; brYj;jt[k;. jtwpdhy;. xt;bthU Fw;wj;jpw;Fk; 6 khj';fs; fL';fhty; jz;lid mDgtpf;ft[k; jz;lidj; jPh;g;gplg;gl;lhh;/ 12/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs;. nkw;brhd;d Fw;w';fisr; bra;j Fw;wthspfs; vd;Wk;. cah; ePjpkd;wk;. tprhuiz ePjpgjpahy; gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l fhz;Kot[fis kjpg;gPL bra;jjpy; VbjhU Fiwa[kpy;iy vd;Wk; fz;lwpe;J. nkYk;. 1988?Mk; Mz;L nk jp';fs; 4?Mk; njjp Kjy; 1991?Mk; Mz;L $dthp jp';fs; 28?Mk; njjptiuapy; fpis nkyhsuhf ,Ue;j nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; O/ khwDk; (v/1) kw;Wk; mf;fhyj;jpy; fhrhsuhf ,Ue;J gpd;dh; ,we;Jtpl;ltuhd ehfuh$d; Mfpnahh; fpisapd; eif ghJfhg;g[ bgl;lfj;jpd; Tl;Lg; bghWg;ghsh;fshapUe;jdh; vd;Wk;. fUg;gz;zd; vd;gth; eiff;fld; 372-87?I bgw;Wf;bfhz;L. mth; jpUg;gpr; brYj;jj;jf;f bjhifiar; brYj;jpajd;nghpy; 1988?Mk; Mz;L $dthp jp';fs; 28?Mk; njjp mf;fzf;F Kof;fg;gl;lJ vd;Wk;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;? O/ khwd; (v/1) 1990?Mk; Mz;L mf;nlhgh; jp';fs; 4?Mk; njjpapypUe;J 1990?Mk; Mz;L mf;nlhgh; jp';fs; 6?Mk; njjptiu tpLg;gpy; brd;wnghJ. mtuJ ,lj;jpw;F m/rh/2?fpUc&;zK:h;j;jp gzpapd;nghpy; mkh;j;jg;gl;L. midj;J eiffisa[k;. epYitapYs;s fld; fzf;FfSld; xg;gpl;L neuo Ma;t[ bra;jtuhd m/rh/3?t';fpapd; tpHpg;g[g;gzp mYtyhpd; rhd;iwa[k; kjpg;gPLbra;J. nkYk; neuoahf rhpghh;j;jjd;nghpy;. 10 cUg;go eiffSf;Fg; gjpyhf.

V/b$/vy;/ 123-90?f;F bjhlh;g[ila xU bghl;lyj;jpy; 17/5 fpuhk; vilbfhz;l xnubahU eifahd j';fr; r';fpyp ,Ue;jJ/ me;j xU eifa[k; eiff;fld; vz; 372-87?f;F bjhlh;g[ilajhapUe;jJ vd mth; fz;lwpe;jhh;/ cah; ePjpkd;wk;. m/rh/4 (v!;/ v/ N:ir gpufhrk;. fhrhsh;. ,/X/t/ ehpf;Fo). m/rh/6 (gP/ bghd;Dr;rhkp. jdp cjtpahsh;. ,/X/t/ ehpf;Fo). m/rh/8 (jpU/ b$agpufhc&;. fldhsh; fUg;gz;zdpd; rl;lg;g{h;t thhpR) Mfpnahhpd; thf;FK:y';fisa[k; Fwpj;Jf;bfhz;L. vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd jPh;g;g[iuapy; fw;wwpe;j tprhuiz ePjpgjpahy; gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l jPh;Kotpy; FiwnaJk; fz;lwpatpy;iy; mjd;gona Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;l nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; Fw;w kw;Wk; jz;lidj; jPh;g;gpid cWjpbra;J. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; (O/ khwd;?v/1) muRg; gzpahsuhf ,Ue;jjhy; jdJ gjtpia jtwhfg; gad;gLj;jpa[k;. rl;lj;jpw;F g[wk;ghd tHpapy; Kiwnflhf bghJkf;fspd; gzj;ij gad;gLj;jpf;bfhz;L. gpizak; VJkpd;wp fld;bjhiff;F xg;g[jyspj;Js;shh; vdj; jPh;khdpj;jJ/ ,t;thwhf Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;l nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;bfjpuhf tidag;gl;l Fw;wr;rhl;Lfs; epahakhd Iaj;jpw;fplkpd;wp epU:gpf;fg;gl;lbjd jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;L. mjd;gona vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd jPh;g;g[iuapy; tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l Fw;w kw;Wk; jz;lidj; jPh;g;g[ cWjp bra;ag;gl;lJ/ 13/ eh';fs; jug;gpdh;fspd; fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h;fspd; thj';fisf;nfl;L. mth;fspd; cjtpnahL gjptpYs;s rhd;whjhu';fis Ez;zha;t[ bra;njhk;/

14/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; (O/ khwd;?v/1)?I bghWj;jtiuapy;. tprhuiz ePjpgjpahy; Ma;t[ bra;ag;gl;lJk;. nkYk;. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; kjpg;gPL bra;ag;gl;lJkhd gjpthtzj;jpy; nghJkhd rhd;W cs;sJ/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsUf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"uhy; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l thJiufspypUe;Jk;. gjpthtzr; rhd;Wfis kjpg;gpl;ljd;nghpYk;. VJk; btspf;bfhzug;gltpy;iy. nkYk;. tHf;fpd; vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd jPh;g;g[iuia Muha;e;jgpwF. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; (O/ khwd;)?I ,/j/r/. gphpt[ 467. 467 cldpize;j gphpt[ 471. 420. 477?m kw;Wk; CHy; jLg;g[r; rl;lk;. 1988. gphpt[ 13(2) cldpize;j gphpt[ 13(1)(<)?,d; fPHhd Fw;w';fSf;fhf Fw;wj;jPh;g;gplg;gl;lij epiyepWj;jpajpy; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; btspg;gilahd gpiHnaJk; g[hpag;gl;oUg;gjhf eh';fs; fhztpy;iy/ 15/ mnjrkak;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; vk;/ ,uhkyp';fk; (M/g/t/ vz; 3-1995?,y; v/2) kw;Wk; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; vd;/ ,uh$h';fk; (M/g/t/ vz; 5-1995?,y; v/2) Mfpnahiug; bghWj;jtiuapy;. mth;fis (nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; vk;/ ,uhkyp';fk;) ,/j/r/. gphpt[ 120?M kw;Wk; 420?,d; fPGk; kw;Wk; (nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; vd;/ ,uh$h';fk;) ,/j/r/. gphpt[ 120?M. 467. 467 cldpize;j gphpt[ 471?,d; fPGk; g[hpe;j Fw;w';fnshL bjhlh;g[gLj;jf;Toa VbjhU rhd;Wk; gjptpy; ,y;iy/ nkYk;. eifia milkhdk; itj;jgpwnf mj;jifabjhU fld; xg;g[jyspf;fg;gLk; vd;w bghUz;ikia fldhsh; v/2 (vd;/ ,uhkyp';fk; kw;Wk; vd;/ ,uh$h';fk;) vg;nghJnk mwpth; vd;gJ muRj;jug;g[ tHf;fy;y/ midj;J cz;ikahd epytu';fspYk;. tpz;zg;g';fs;. fy;tpawptw;w tptrhapfshd fldhsh;fshy;

rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd vd;gJk;. fldhdJ. ehfuh$d; (,we;jth;) vd;gtUld; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; O/ khwd; (v/1?t';fp nkyhsh;) cl;ifahapUe;Jbfhz;L j';fspd; Ra ,yhgj;jpw;fhf tpjpfisa[k;. tpjpKiwfisa[k; kPwp midj;J flDf;Fk; xg;g[jyspj;Js;shh; vd;gJk; gjpt[Uf;fspypUe;J bjhpatUfpwJ/ 16/ gpizankJk; mspf;fhky; neh;ikaw;w-jtwhd Kiwapy; fld; bgw;wpUg;gJ bjhlh;ghd rhd;nwJk; eh';fs; fz;lwpa ,aytpy;iy/ v';fsJ fUj;Jg;go. Fw;wtpay; nky;KiwaPL vz; 1949-2009 kw;Wk; Fw;wtpay; nky;KiwaPL vz; 347-2010?,y; cs;s nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; (vk;/ ,uhkyp';fk; kw;Wk; vd;/ ,uh$h';fk;)?fSf;bfjpuhf Rkj;jg;gl;l Fw;wr;rhl;Lfis epahakhd Iaj;jpw;fplkpd;wp epU:gpf;f muRj;jug;g[ jtwptpl;lJ/ nkYk;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; vk;/ ,uhkyp';fj;jpw;F ,/j/r/. gphpt[ 120?M kw;Wk; 420?,d; fPGk; kw;Wk; ,/j/r/. gphpt[ 120?M. 467 cldpize;j gphpt[ 471?,d; fPH; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; vd;/ ,uh$h';fj;jpw;Fk; mspf;fg;gl;l Fw;wj;jPh;g;g[ ePf;fwt[ bra;ag;gLtjw;FhpajhFk;/ 17/ mjd;tpisthf. vk;/ ,uhkyp';fj;jhy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l Fw;wtpay; nky;KiwaPL vz; 1949-2009?k; kw;Wk; vd;/ ,uh$h';fj;jhy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l Fw;wtpay; nky;KiwaPL vz; 347-2010?k; mDkjpf;fg;gLfpd;wd/ ,jd;K:yk; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;fhd vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd jPh;g;g[iu ePf;fwt[ bra;ag;gLfpwJ/ ,UtUk; gpizapy; cs;sjhy; mth;fspd; gpizKwpfs; ePf;fg;gLfpd;wd/ 18/ mnjrkak;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; O/ khwd; (v/1)?My; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l Fw;wtpay; nky;KiwaPL vz;fs; 2186?2188-2009 ,jd;K:yk;

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