8f3d02116943f9e379cce6ac7c3001dd4105eaf9970a6729aa1f4d61a0dd04e6

(17) @rka mwf;fl;lis@ my;yJ @mwf;fl;lis@ vd;gJ nfhapy;fs; kw;Wk; kl';fSf;Fr; brhe;jkhd mtw;wpw;fhjuthf bfhLf;fg;gLk; my;yJ bfhilaspf;fg;gLk; my;yJ mjDld; bjhlh;g[ila bjhz;L my;yJ bghJ jd;ikahd mwg;gzp vjida[k; my;yJ ntW rka mwg;gzp vjida[k; Mw;Wtjw;F bfhLf;fg;gLk; my;yJ bfhilaspf;fg;gLk; brhj;J aht[k; vdg; bghUs;gLk;.,jpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l epWtdKk;. mjd; tshfK';Tl ml';Fk;. Mdhy;. rka epWtdj;jpd; mh;r;rfh;. nrit bra;nthh; my;yJ gpw gzpahsh;fSf;F jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; bfhLf;fg;gLk; ed;bfhilfs;,jpy; ml';fhJ; tpsf;fk; (1)/ ? rka epWtdj;Jld; bjhlh;g[ila nrit my;yJ mwg;gzp vjida[k; Mw;Wtjw;fhf mh;r;rfh;. nrtfh; my;yJ rka epWtdj;jpd; kw;w gzpahsh;fSf;F tH';fg;gLk;,dhk; vJt[k;. mh;r;rfh;. nrit bra;nthh;. gzpahsUf;F jdpg;gl;lKiwapy; bfhLf;fg;gl;l ed;bfhilahf fUJjy; TlhJ. Mdhy;. mjid rka mwf;fl;lisahf fUJjy;ntz;Lk;; tpsf;fk; (2)/ ? rka epWtdj;jpw;Fr; brhe;jkhd my;yJ mjw;F bfhLf;fg;gl;l my;yJ bfhilaspf;fg;gl;l my;yJ mjDld; bjhlh;g[ila bghJj;jd;ikahf my;yJ mwg;gzp kw;Wk; bjhz;L vJt[k; my;yJ ntW rka mwg;gzp vJt[k; Mw;Wtjw;fhf bfhLf;fg;gl;l my;yJ bfhilaspf;fg;gl;l brhj;Jaht[k;,g;bghUs;tiuaiwf;Fs; @rka mwf;fl;lis@ my;yJ @mwf;fl;lis@ vd;gjhf fUjg;gLjy;ntz;Lk;. vt;thwhfapUg;gpDk;.,r;rl;lk; bjhl';Ftjw;F Kd;ngh my;yJ gpd;ngh. rka epWtdk; csjhapUg;gJ Kot[Wj;jg;gLk; my;yJ rka tHpghl;L,lkhf gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ Kot[Wj;jg;gLk; my;yJ nghjid my;yJ bjhz;L my;yJ mwg;gzp Mw;wg;gLtJ Kot[Wj;jg;gLk;; tuk;g[iuahf.,t;tpsf;ft[iuahdJ. fhytuk;g[ rl;lj;jpd;,a';FKiwf;Fl;gl;L. 1951?Mk; Mz;L brg;lk;gh; jp';fs; 30?Mk; njjpf;F Kd;djhf ve;j eghpd; kPJk; cw;wike;j brhj;J vJt[k; bjhlh;ghf bghUe;Jtjhff; fUjg;gLjy; TlhJ/@ 10/ jw;bghGJs;s tHf;fpypUf;Fk; g{ryhdJ. 1926?Mk; Mz;L $^d; jp';fs; 4?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l mWjpahtzj;jpd; bghUs;tpsf;fkhFk;/ me;j Mtzk; th/rh/M/1?Mf FwpaPL bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ/ _ mf!;jP!;tu !;thkp njt!;jhd jpUf;nfhapy; mwf;fl;lisapduhy; ghf;ak;khSf;fhjuthf vGjpf;bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ 1921?Mk; Mz;L njt!;jhdj;jpd; bray;ghLfis vspjhf;Ftjw;F rj;jpuk;7 mikg;gjw;fhf kid xd;W kh';fhL vy;yg;g brl;oahh; vd;gtUf;fhjuthf mwf;fl;lisapduhy; cilikkhw;w";bra;ag;gl;lJ/ 7/ rj;jpuk; vd;gJ gazpah;fspd; Xa;tplkhft[k;. bghJ tpahghuj;jpw;fhft[k; cgnahfpf;fg;gLk; Tlk;. bfhl;oy;. my;yJ Mjhuepiyahd Tiu vdg; bghUs;tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ rp/ `bgd;dy;. (gjpg;g[). M';fpy kug[r; brhw;fs; kw;Wk; brhw;bwhlh;fs; !;nld;nghh;l; brhw;fs";rpak;/ nfk;gphpl;$;: nfk;gphpl;$; gy;fiyf;fHf mr;rfk; (1892)/ rj;jpuk; vd;gJ bghJkf;fspd; xU tpLjp vdt[k;. gazpah;fSf;fhd xU j';fplk; vdt[k; bghUs;tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ tpy;rdpd; ePjpj;Jiw kw;Wk; tUtha; brhy;yfuhjp. yz;ld; lgps;a{/vr;/ Myd;. 2?Mk; gjpg;g[. gf;fk; 108/ me;j rj;jpukhdJ rka tpHhf;fspy; fye;Jbfhs;stUk; gf;jh;fspd; njitfisg; g{h;j;jp bra;tjw;F nghJkhdjhf,y;iy/ vdnt. jpUf;nfhapiy nkk;gLj;Jk; mtrpaKk;. gf;jh;fspd; brsfhpa';fisa[k; fUj;jpw;bfhz;L. kw;bwhU rj;jpuk; fl;LtJ mtrpak; vd;W mwpag;gl;lJ/ mwf;fl;lisapdh; brhj;jpd; RthjPdj;ij ghf;ak;khsplk; xg;gilg;gjw;F xg;g[f;bfhz;ldh;/ Kf;fpakhd,t;tWjpahtzj;ijg; bghWj;jtiuapy; mJ,t;thwhf tifbra;fpwJ: @1921?Mk; Mz;L brd;id gl;lzk; Kj;ijahy;ngl;. K:l;ilf;fhud; bjU.,yf;fk; vz; 4?,y; cs;s tPl;oy; trpf;Fk; kh';fhL vy;yg;g brl;oahh; vd;gtUf;F epy kid xd;W RthjPdk; bfhLf;fg;gl;lJ vd;Wk;. njt!;jhdj;jpd; g[dpj bray;ghLfis Kiwahfr; bra;tJ rk;ge;jkhf bghpa rj;jpuk; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;Wk;. mr;rj;jpuj;jpy; Mo khj';fspy; eilbgWk; tpHhf;fspy; fye;Jbfhs;stUk; bgU';Tl;lj;jpdiu j';fitf;f nghJkhd,ltrjp,y;iy vd;Wk;. jpUf;nfhapypd; nkk;ghl;oidf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;Lk;.,d;DbkhU rj;jpuk; fl;LtJ mtrpabkd;W eh';fs; vz;zpajhYk;. jpUbthw;wpa{h; fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s nf/ fe;jrhkp brl;oahh; vd;gthplk; v';fsJ ntz;Lnfhis itj;jjd;nghpYk;. mth; jdJ kfspd; cjtpa[ld;. fhy";brd;w jpUg;gjp ehuhazrhkp brl;oahhpd; kidtpahd ghf;ak;khSlDk; (mjpYs;sthW) nrh;e;J rj;jpuk; fl;Ltjw;F xg;g[f;bfhz;lhh;. Mifahy;. fPH;f;fz;l ml;ltizapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s. vy;iyfspd;go nkw;fz;l mk;khSf;F eh';fs; ehy;tUk; xUkdjhf nkw;fz;l brhj;jpd; RthjPdj;ij xg;gilg;gjw;F vGj;Jg;g{h;tkhf xg;g[f;bfhz;Ls;sgoahy;. tU';fhyj;jpy; v';fSf;nfh. v';fsJ re;jjpapdUf;nfh nkw;fz;l ghf;ak;khthy; RthjPdk; vLj;Jf;bfhs;sg;gl;l nkw;go epyr;brhj;jpy; chpiknah my;yJ ghj;jpankh VJkpy;iy vd;Wk;. rpyrhrdk; Vw;gLj;jp mth;fs;,ytr rj;jpuk; fl;of;bfhs;syhk; vd;Wk;. mth; mjid mtuJ thH;ehs; KGtJk; guhkhpf;fntz;Lk; vd;Wk;. mjd;gpwF. mtuJ thhpRfSf;F tHptif bra;Jk;. Kfth;fis epakdk; bra;Jk;. mjid guhkhpj;jy;ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;. nkw;Twpaij bghJkf;fspd; gad;ghl;ow;F vy;yh rka';fspYk; gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;syhk; vd;Wk; bjhptpf;fg;gLfpwJ/,jid thliff;F tpLjy;TlhJ/,e;j rj;jpuj;jpd;kPJ mth; chpiknaJk; nfhuf;TlhJ/ nkw;fz;l rj;jpuj;jpd; vy;iyfis. ghf;ak;khspd; thhpRfSk;. mtuhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l Kfth;fSk; cWjpbra;Jbfhs;sntz;Lk;/ nkw;fz;l rj;jpuj;jpw;F thp tpjpf;fg;gl;lhYk;. mJt[k; ghf;ak;khspd; jug;gpdh;fshy; ifahsg;glntz;Lk;/ nkw;go rj;jpuj;jpy;/// jpUkz epfH;t[fisa[k; kw;Wk; gpw RgepfH;r;rpfisa[k; elj;Jk;bghUl;L.,e;J rka ahj;jphpfh;fs; K:d;W ehl;fSf;F j';Ftjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gLth; vd;Wk;. njt!;jhd nehf;f';fSf;fhf xU ehs;.,uz;L ehs; kw;Wk; K:d;W ehl;fSk;. ghf;ak;khSk; mtuJ jug;gpdh;fSk;. j';fsJ RatpUg;gj;jpw;nfw;g mt;tplj;jpid RgepfH;r;rpfSf;F gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;syhk;/ mRj;jkhd my;yJ jtwhd eltof;iffSf;F gad;gLj;Jtjw;F vtUf;Fk;,lkspf;ff;TlhJ/ nkw;go rj;jpuk; kw;Wk; jiug;gFjp kid bjhlh;ghf thhpRfnsh. Kfth;fnsh milkhdk; my;yJ fpiuak; nghd;w vJt[k; epiwntw;Wjy;TlhJ/@ (typa[Wj;jpf; Twg;gl;lJ) 11/ 1959?Mk; Mz;od; rl;lg;gphpt[ 6(19)?,d; bghUspd;go. nkw;brhd;d Vw;ghL xU Fwpg;gpl;l mwf;fl;lisia mikf;fpwjh> vd;gnj cah; ePjpkd;wk; Kd;gpUe;j tHf;bfGtpdhthFk;/ _ mf!;jP!;tu !;thkpah; njt!;jhd jpUf;nfhapy; gf;jh;fisj; j';fitf;f,ltrjp bra;a[k;bghUl;L TLjy; rj;jpuk; fl;oj;jUtjw;Fjhd; tHf;Fr; brhj;J ghf;ak;khsplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;oUe;jJ vd;gij th/rh/M/1?,d; thrf';fs; Rl;of;fhl;Ltjhf cah; ePjpkd;wk; jPh;khdpj;Js;sJ/,r;rj;jpuj;ij bghJkf;fs; gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;s chpika[s;sjhf mWjpahtzk; Rl;of;fhl;oa[s;sJ/ brhj;jpy; tpy;y';fk; VJk; cz;lhf;FtjpypUe;J ghf;ak;khs; jLj;J epWj;jg;gl;lhh;/ cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fUj;Jg;go: @,';Fk; th/rh/M/1?,d;go. tHf;Fr; brhj;jpy; TLjy; rj;jpuk; fl;Ltjw;F kl;Lnk ghf;fpak;khSf;F chpik tH';fg;gl;lJ. nkYk; ij kw;Wk; Mo khj tpHhf;fspd;nghJ jpUf;nfhapypy; jpuSk; gf;jh;fSf;F mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf bghJkf;fspd; gad;ghl;ow;F mwf;fl;lis epWtg;gl;L mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ jw;nghJ cs;s rj;jpuj;jpy; ij kw;Wk; Mo khj';fspy; jpUf;nfhapYf;F tUk; gf;jh;fSf;F nghJkhd,ltrjpfs;,y;iybad;gjhy; TLjy; rj;jpuk; fl;LtJ mtrpak; vd;gij czh;e;J. th/rh/M/1?I mw';fhtyh; vGjpdhh;/ nkw;fz;l rj;jpuj;jpd; guhkhpf;Fk; chpik ghf;fpak;khSf;F bfhLf;fg;gl;lJ/ nkYk;. nkw;fz;l rj;jpuj;ij K:d;W ehl;fSf;Fnky; gad;gLj;jnth my;yJ mjd;K:yk; tUtha; <l;lnth mth;fSf;F chpikaspf;fg;gltpy;iy/ nkYk;. gp/rh/M/1?,y; nkw;fz;l rj;jpuj;ij ghf;fpak;khs; jdJ brhe;j tUthapy;jhd; guhkhpf;fntz;Lk; vd;W jpl;ltl;lkhff; Twg;gl;Ls;sJ/ Mifahy;. th/rh/M/1?,d;go nkw;fz;l rj;jpuk; bghJkf;fSf;F mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhy;.,J Xh; mwf;fl;lis kl;Lnk vd;gJ,e;J rka mwf;fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 63(m)?,d; fPH; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s tifKiwia <h;f;Fk;/@ (typa[Wj;jpf; Twg;gl;lJ) mwf;fl;lis Fwpj;jtif nehf;fj;jpw;fhdJ vd;W cah; ePjpkd;wk; jPh;khdpj;Js;sJ: @ghf;fpak;khthy; fl;lg;gLk; rj;jpuk; bghJkf;fs; gad;gLj;Jk; nehf;fj;jpw;fhf bfhilaspf;fg;glntz;Lk; vd;gjhf th/rh/M/1?,d;go xU jdptif mwf;fl;lis cs;sJ/@ 12/ fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h;. jpU/ v!;/ ehfKj;J cah; ePjpkd;w jPh;g;g[iuapid vjph;j;Jiuj;J. 1926?Mk; Mz;L $^d; jp';fs; 4?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l mWjpahtzj;jpy; gphpt[ 6(19)?,d; bghUspd;go m';F ve;jj; jdptif mwf;fl;lisa[k;,y;iy vd;W thjpl;lhh;/ mtuJ thjj;jpd; rPh;ikia kjpg;gpl;ljpy; gphpt[ 6(19)?,y; cs;s *jdptif mwf;fl;lis* vd;w brhy;yikg;gpd; bghUs;tiuaiwia gFg;gha;t[ bra;tJ mtrpakhdjhFk;/ xU *jdptif mwf;fl;lis* vd;gJ:

(i) xU jpUf;nfhapypnyh my;yJ klj;jpnyh Fwpg;gpl;l bjhz;lhw;Wtjw;fhf bfhilaspf;fg;gLk; gzk; my;yJ bghUs; vJt[k;;

(ii) xU jpUf;nfhapypnyh my;yJ klj;jpnyh mwg;gzp Mw;Wtjw;fhf bfhilaspf;fg;gLk; gzk; my;yJ bghUs; vJt[k;;

(iii) rka mwg;gzp Mw;Wtjw;fhf bfhilaspf;fg;gLk; gzk; my;yJ bghUs; vJt[k;; vd;w bghUs;gLk;goahf tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ 13/ *rka mwg;gzp* vd;Dk; brhw;bwhlh; klk; my;yJ nfhapYld; bjhlh;g[ilajhf,Ug;gpDk;.,y;yhtpoDk;.,e;J jpUtpHht[ld; bjhlh;g[ila bghJ mwg;gzp my;yJ rkaj; jd;ikapyhd rl';Ffisf; filg;gpoj;jy; vdg; bghUs;gLk;goahf tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ Mizah;.,e;J rka mwepiyaj;Jiw. brd;id ?vjph;? ehuhaz Ia';fhh;8 vd;w tHf;fpy; 8/ (1965) 3 v!;/rp/Mh;/ 168,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; K:tukh; ePjpauhaj;jpw;fhf ePjpaurh; b$/rp/ c&h mth;fs; ngRifapy; *rka mwg;gzp* vd;Dk; brhw;bwhliu tpsf;fp jPh;khdpj;Js;sjhtJ: @4/ gphpt[ 6?,d; TW (13). @rka mwg;gzp@ vd;gJ @klk; my;yJ nfhapYld; bjhlh;g[ilajhf,Ug;gpDk;.,y;yhtpoDk;.,e;J jpUtpHhf;fSld; bjhlh;g[ila bghJ mwg;gzp my;yJ rkaj; jd;ikapyhd rl';Ffisf; filg;gpoj;jy;@ vd;W bghUs;tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/,U epge;jidfis tFj;Jiuf;Fk;,g;bghUs;tiuaiw rka mwg;gzp?I tFj;jikf;fpwJ: m';F bghJ mwg;gzp fl;lhak;,Uf;fntz;Lk;/ nkYk;. me;j mwg;gzp,e;J tpHhf;fSld; kw;Wk; rkag; gz;g[ila xd;iwf; filg;gpog;gJld; bjhlh;g[w;wpUf;fntz;Lk;/,it g{h;j;jpbra;ag;gLkhdhy;. bghJ mwg;gzp vd;gJ jpUf;nfhapYlndh my;yJ klj;Jlndh bjhlh;gpy;yhtpl;lhY';Tl mJ rka mwg;gzpahfnt,Uf;Fk;/@ 14/ vk;/b$/ Jsrpuhkd; ?vjph;?,e;J rka mwf;fl;lis eph;thfk;9 vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; K:tukh; ePjpauhaj;jpd; rkPgj;jpa jPh;Kotpy; 1959?Mk; Mz;L jkpH;ehL,e;J rka mwf;fl;lis rl;lj;jpd;fPH; *md;d rj;jpuk;* vd;W miHf;fg;gLk; epWtdj;jpd; jd;ik jdptif mwf;fl;lisjhdh> vd;gijj; jPh;khdpf;f fy;btl;oy; bghwpf;fg;gl;l tptu';fs; Fwpj;J tpthjpf;ifapy;,e;ePjpkd;wk;,t;thwhf jPh;khdpj;Js;sjhtJ: 9/ (2019) 8 v!;/rp/rp/ 689 @14/ jw;nghJs;s tHf;fpy;. rj;jpuj;jpd; bray;ghl;il Kiwg;gLj;Jfpd;w @md;d rj;jpuj;jpd;@ fy;btl;L gpuhkzh;fSf;F md;djhdk; tH';f tifbra;fpwJ/ nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; murikg;g[ ePjpauhaj;jpd; jPh;Kotpy; jPh;g;gspj;jjw;nfw;g.,J @bghJkf;fSf;F@ eyk;gaf;Fk; Xh; mwf;fl;lis vd;gJ bjspthfpwJ/ /// 16/ mt;thwhf. fy;btl;oy; tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;s bghJ mwg;gzp xU rka jpUtpHht[ld; bjhlh;g[ilajhapUg;gjhy;. mJ rl;lj;jpd;fPH; bghUs;tiuaWf;fg;gl;lthW xU rka mwg;gzpahf mikfpwJ/ 17/ rl;lg;; gphpt[ 6(19)?,d; fPH; Vw;bfdnt nkny Fwpg;gpl;lthW. @jdptif mwf;fl;lis@ vd;gJ rka mwg;gzpahw;Wtjw;fhf mspf;fg;gLk; gzk; vJt[k; vd;w bghUs;tiuaiwf;Fl;gl;ljhFk;/ fy;btl;L. rka mwg;gzpahw;Wtij tifbra;fpwJ vd;w v';fsJ jPh;khdj;ijg; gpd;gw;wp. rl;lj;jpd;go xU jdptif mwf;fl;lis mikj;J mjw;F rka mwg;gzpahw;Wtjw;fhf gzk; bfhilaspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gijf; fhz;gpg;gJ nghJkhdjhFk;/ 18/ @mwf;bfhil@ vd;w brhy;Yk;. mjDld;,ize;j @mwf;fl;lis@ vd;w brhy;Yk; cz;ikapy; rl;lj;jpd; fPH; bghUs;tiuaWf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;fpwnghJ. brhj;njh my;yJ kw;witnah. vJthapDk; mit Fwpg;gpl;l nehf;fj;jpw;fhf tH';fg;gLtJlndh. capy;tHp mspf;fg;gLtJlndh my;yJ VjhapDk; xd;iw mh;g;gzpf;Fk; nehf;fj;Jlndh bjhlh;g[ilaitahFk; vd;gJ rl;lj;jpYk;.,g;bghUspd; kPjhd jPh;g;g[iufspYk; mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;JtjpypUe;J bjspthfpwJ/ rl;lj;ijg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. nehf;fk; vd;gJ rkaj;Jld; my;yJ mwg;gzpa[ld; bjhlh;g[ilajhFk;/ [fhz;f: gp/,uhkehj ma;ah; mth;fspd; jp yh byf;rpfd;.,uz;lhtJ gjpg;g[. gf;f';fs; 634. 635; gpujhg;rp';$p vd;/ njrha; ?vjph;? Jiz mwf;fl;lis Mizah;. 1987 rg;sp/ v!;/rp/rp/ 714. gj;jp 8]. jw;nghJs;s tHf;fpy; Fwpg;gpl;l rka jpUtpHhf;fspd;nghJ gpuhkzh;fSf;F md;djhdk; mspg;gij nkw;bfhs;Sk;bghUl;L. @md;d rj;jpu@j;jpypUe;J gzj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;tjw;F fy;btl;L bjspthfnt tifbra;fpwJ/,t;thwhf rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 6(19)?,d; fPH; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sthW rl;l tuk;gpw;Fl;gl;L @jdptif mwf;fl;lis@?I fy;btl;L njhw;Wtpj;Js;sJ vd;gJ bjspthfpwJ/ /// 23/ jw;nghJs;s nky;KiwaPl;od; bghUz;ikfs; tifapy;. bry;yj;jf;f chpik tpyfy;,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ vd;W jPh;khdpf;ft[k;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;fhd tHf;Fiu"hpd; thJiufis epuhfhpf;ft[k; v';fSf;F fy;btl;od; bghUslf;fk; nghJkhditahf cs;sd/ md;dk; jahhpf;Fk; rK:fj;jpduhy; rj;jpuk; eph;tfpf;fg;gl;L. mth;fs; kw;wth;fspd; eyDf;fhf v";rpa[s;s epjpiag; gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;th; vd;gij fy;btl;L bjspthf Rl;of;fhl;LfpwJ/ nkYk;. rj;jpuk; bjhlh;ghd chpikkhw;wk; bra;a[k; mjpfhuk; vJt[k; eph;thfpfs; bgw;wpUf;ftpy;iy vd;gija[k; fy;btl;L bjhptpf;fpwJ/ Mfnt. jw;nghJs;s nky;KiwaPl;oy; vk;/Mh;/ nfhlh,uht; rhcwpg; ?vjph;? brd;id khepyk; [V/I/Mh;/ 1966 v!;/rp/ 653] vd;w tHf;ifg;nghy;. rj;jpuj;ij chpikkhw;wk; bra;a[k; eph;thfpapd; chpikkPJ fy;btl;L jilia tpjpg;gJld;. tUthapd; Fwpg;gpl;lbjhU gFjpiag; bgWk; chpikiaa[k; bjspthfnt ePf;fpa[s;sJ/ (typa[Wj;jpf; Twg;gl;lJ) 15/ jw;nghJs;s tHf;fpy;. 1921?Mk; Mz;L mw';fhtyh;fs; bjhlf;fj;jpy; rj;jpuk; fl;Ltjw;fhf kidbahd;iw Vw;ghL bra;jdh; vd;W njt!;jhd eltof;iffSld; bjhlh;g[ila rj;jpuk;. rka tpHhf;fspd;nghJ gf;jh;fspd; njitfis epiwt[ bra;tjw;F nghJkhdjhf,y;iy vd;Wk;. mjd;tpisthf 1926?Mk; Mz;L $^d; jp';fs; 4?Mk; njjpapl;l mWjpahtzj;jpd; fPH; TLjy; rj;jpuk; fl;Lk; gzp ghf;ak;khsplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;lbjd;Wk;. njt!;jhdj;jpw;F tUifjUk; ahj;jphpfSf;F tphpthd trjpfis bra;JbfhLf;Fk;bghUl;nl Fwpg;ghf rj;jpuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jntz;Lbkd;Wk;. rj;jpuj;jpnyh my;yJ epyj;jpnyh tpy;y';fj;ij cUthf;Ftjw;F jilapUe;jbjd;Wk;. vy;yh rka';fspYk;,r;rj;jpuj;ij bghJ kf;fspd; cgnahfj;jpw;nf gad;gLj;jntz;Lbkd;Wk;.,r;rj;jpuj;jpd; kPJ ghf;ak;khshy; vt;tpj chpika[k; nfhuKoahbjd;Wk;. ghf;ak;khs;. mtUila tk;rhtspapdh;. mtuhy; epakpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; Mfpnahuhy;,r;rj;jpuk; guhkhpf;fg;glntz;Lbkd;Wk;. 1926?Mk; Mz;L $^d; jp';fs; 4?Mk; njjpapl;l mWjpahtzj;jpypUe;J btspg;gLfpwJ/ gphpt[ 6(19)?,y; cs;s *jdptif mwf;fl;lis* vDk; brhw;bwhlhpd; bghUs;tiuaiw <h;f;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gJ mWjpahtzj;jpypUe;J bjhpatUk; bjspthd thrf';fspd;go. 1959?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; nehf;fkhdJ. jkpH;ehL khepyj;jpYs;s,e;J rka mw epWtd';fspd; kw;Wk; mwf;fl;lisfspd; eph;thfk; kw;Wk; MSik bjhlh;ghd rl;l';fis xU';fpizg;gjhFk;/ brhj;jhdJ jpUf;nfhapypy; rka mwg;gzp nkw;bfhs;tjw;fhf Fwpg;ghf bfhilaspf;fg;gl;lJ. mJ. gphpt[ 6(19)?,y; *jdptif mwf;fl;lis* vd;w bghUs;tiuaiwapd; tuk;gpw;Fl;gl;ljhFk;/ 16/ fw;wwpe;j tprhuiz ePjpgjp gphpt[ 6(19)?,d; bghUSf;Fs; *jdptif mwf;fl;lis* tutpy;iy vd;W Kot[bra;jjpy; jtwpiHj;Js;shh; vd;gJ bjspthfpwJ/ fPHik ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuia cah; ePjpkd;wk; khw;wpaikj;jJ Kw;wpYk; rhpahdJ/ mjd;go,k;nky;KiwaPl;oy; jFjpnaJk;,y;iy/ 17/,k;nky;KiwaPL mjw;nfw;g js;Sgo bra;ag;gLfpwJ/ bryt[j;bjhif Fwpj;J cj;juntJkpy;iy/ khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; Kidth; jpU/ jd";b$a xa;/ re;jpuN:l; khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ m$a; u!;njhfp g[J jpy;yp. 22/11/2019/ ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? chpikj;Jwg;g[ @tl;lhu bkhHpapy; bkhHpahf;fk; bra;ag;gl;l,j;jPh;g;g[iuahdJ. tHf;fho. jd;Dila bkhHpapy; g[hpe;Jbfhs;tjw;F gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;tjw;Fl;gl;lnjad;wp. ntbwe;j nehf;fj;jpw;fhft[k; gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;syhfhJ/ midj;J eilKiwahd kw;Wk; mYty;Kiwahd nehf;f';fSf;Fk; kw;Wk; jPh;g;g[iuia epiwntw;wYf;Fk;. braw;gLj;jYf;Fk; mjd; M';fpyg; gjpg;ng mjpfhug;g{h;tkhdjhFk;/@