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6 Mfpnahuhy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;lJ) Kjd;ikahd vjphp vz; 4?MYk; (mg;nghnj,we;Jtpl;ljhfr; brhy;yg;gLgth;) jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l Fw;wtpay; nky;KiwaPL vz;fs; 604-2012 kw;Wk; 92-2013?I js;Sgo bra;J 2019 INSC 1346 brd;id cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l 27/4/2016?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l bghJ jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; cj;juit vjph;g;gitahFk;/ 2/ muRj;jug;g[ tHf;F. nky;KiwaPl;od; jPh;g;g[iuapy; gj;jpfs; 2/1 Kjy; 2/3 tiuapyhdtw;wpy; Twg;gl;Ls;sthW fPnH bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ:- @/// ///jpU/ br';nfhl ft[z;lh; vd;gth; m/rh/1 kw;Wk; 3?,d; je;ija[k;. m/rh/2?,d; fztUk; Mthh;/ m/rh/4. m/rh/3?,d; kidtpa[k;.,we;Jnghdthpd; kUkfSk; Mthh;/ m/rh/4.,we;Jnghdth; kw;Wk; m/rh/2?,d; ngud; Mthh;/ m/rh/3 kw;Wk; 4?f;Fk; FHe;ij xd;W cs;sJ. mth;fs; midtUk; ey;yt[k;gl;o fpuhkj;jpy; xnu tPl;oy; xd;whf trpj;J te;jdh;/ 2/2/ 27/5/1999?Mk; njjpad;W m/rh/1 Kjy; 5 tiuapyhdth;fs;,ut[ czt[ Koj;Jtpl;L. cw';fptpl;ldh;/ m/rh/1 kw;Wk; kw;wth;fspd; tPL. nkw;F jpiria nehf;fp cs;sJ/ m/rh/1 me;j tPl;od; tlf;Fg;g[wj;jpy; cs;s Xh; miwapy; cw';fpf;bfhz;oUe;jhh;/ m/rh/3 kw;Wk; 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VnjDk; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; fUjpdhY';Tl. mJgw;wp vjphp-vjphpfs; g[ydha;t[ mjpfhhpaplKk;. milahs';fhl;Lk; mzptFg;g[r; nrhjid elj;Jtjpyhd jhkjj;jpd; fhuzkhf mDTyk; VJk; fpilf;Fkh> vd eLthplKk; nfs;tp nfl;fyhk;/ guj; rp'; ?vjph;? cj;jug; gpunjr khepy muR[5] vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iukPJ 2/ (1981) rg;sp/ v!;/rp/rp/ 28 3/ (1987) 3 v!;/rp/rp/ 231 4/ (1982) 3 v!;/rp/rp/ 368 5/ (1973) 3 v!;/rp/rp/ 896 rhh;t[wg;gl;lJ/ nkw;brhd;d jPh;g;g[iuapy;.,e;ePjpkd;wk;,t;thwhf fUj;Jiuj;jjhtJ: (v!;/rp/rp/ gf;fk; 898. gj;jp 6) @6/ v!;/nf/ cwrPg; ?vjph;? gPfhh; khepy muR[6] vd;w tHf;fpy; milahs mzptFg;g[ vd;gJ g[ydha;t[ epiyapy; elj;jg;gLtjw;FhpaJ. Mifahy;. mJ btFtpiutpy; elj;jg;glntz;oajhFk;/ milahsk; fhl;Lk; rhl;rpfs; milahs';fhz;gij ePz;lfhy';fHpj;J bra;tjd;fhuzkhf. mJ epidtpypUe;J k';Fk;tha;g;gpid Fiwg;gjw;fhd tha;g;g[fs; cs;sd vd,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsiu ifJ bra;jgpwF ePz;lfhy';fHpj;J mzptFg;g[ elj;jg;gl;lhy;. mg;nghJ vd;d btspaplg;gl;lnjh. mjpypUe;J ve;j Mjuita[k; bgw,ayhbjd,j;jPh;Kotpidr; rhh;e;Jepd;W nky;KiwaPl;lhsUf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h; thJiuj;Js;shh;/ jw;nghJ,e;j tHf;fpy;. milahs mzptFg;g[ elj;Jtjpy; Rkhh; K:d;W khjfhy jhkjkpUe;jJ vd;gJ cz;ikbad;whYk;. kPz;Lk;,';F Vd;> vg;go> jhkjk; epfH;e;jJ vd;gJ Fwpj;J 6/ (1972) 4 v!;/rp/rp/ 773 g[ydha;t[ mYtyhplk; ve;jf; nfs;tpa[k; nfl;fg;gltpy;iy/ Fw;wj;ij epU:gpf;Fk; bghWg;g[ muRj;jug;gpd; kPJs;sJ vd;gJ cz;ikbad;whYk;. rhj;jpakhd midj;J vjph;thj';fisa[k; kWj;Jiuf;f muRj;jug;g[ rhd;wpidr; rkh;g;gpf;fntz;Lbkd;W jPh;khdpf;Fk;tiuapy;. mf;nfhl;ghl;ilr; braw;gLj;j,ayhJ/ milahs mzptFg;g[ xG';fw;wKiwapy; elj;jg;gl;ljhfnth my;yJ mij elj;Jtjpy; kl;Lkp";rpa jhkjkpUe;jjhfnth thjkpUg;gpd;. mzptFg;g[ elj;Jk; eLtUk;. g[ydha;t[ nkw;bfhz;l fhty;Jiw mYtyUk;. mjd; rhh;ghf FWf;F tprhuiz bra;ag;gl;oUf;fntz;Lk;/@ jw;nghija tHf;fpy;. milahs';fhl;Lk; mzptFg;g[r; nrhjidia elj;Jtjpy; Vw;gl;l jhkjj;jpw;fhf. muRj;jug;g[f;F VJk; cl;fUj;jpUe;jjhf vjph;j;jug;g[ Fwpg;gpltpy;iy. milahs';fhl;Lk; mzptFg;g[r; nrhjid elj;Jtjpy; ve;j KiwnfLk;,Ue;jjhf vjph;j;jug;gpy; brhy;yg;gltpy;iy/ milahs';fhl;Lk; mzptFg;g[r; nrhjid elj;Jk; ePjpj;Jiw eLth;fnshL. g[ydha;t[ mYtyhpd; rhl;rpaKk; vjph;f;fg;gltpy;iy/ Mfnt.,e;j tHf;fpd; r';fjpfisa[k;. N:H;epiyfisa[k; bghWj;jtiuapy;. milahs';fhl;Lk; mzptFg;g[r; nrhjid elj;j jhkjkhdjw;F muRj;jug;gpy; VJk; cl;fUj;jpUe;jjhfnth my;yJ milahs mzptFg;g[ nrhjid elj;Jtjpy; ve;j KiwnfLk; g[hpag;gl;ljhfnth Tw VJkpy;iy vd;gjhy; rk;gtk; ele;J. xU khjk; fHpj;J milahs';fhl;Lk; mzptFg;g[r; nrhjid elj;jpajpy; muRj;jug;g[ tHf;fpw;F ghjpg;ngJkpy;iy vd muRf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h; thjpl;Ls;sJ epahankahFk;/ 19/ muRf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h;. mdpy;Fkhh; ?vjph;? cj;jug; gpunjr khepy muR[7] vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;Kotpida[k; rhh;e;Jepd;whh;/ mjpy;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fis ifJbra;J. 47 ehl;fshdgpwF. milahs';fhl;Lk; mzptFg;g[r; nrhjid elj;jg;gl;lJ/,e;j ePjpkd;wk;. gphp$; nkhfd; ?vjph;?,uh$!;jhd; khepy muR[8]. jah rp'; ?vjph;? cwhpahdh khepy muR[9] kw;Wk; kfhuhc&;ou khepy muR ?vjph;? Rnuc&;10 Mfpa tHf;Ffspd; jPh;Kot[fs; cl;gl.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; gy;ntW jPh;Kot[fisg; ghprPyid bra;jgpwF. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; kw;Wk; xUth; cl;gl. milahs';fhl;oa rhl;rp. jhf;fpath;fshy; jhf;fg;gl;ljhy;. mth; jhf;fpath;fis bjspthfg; ghh;j;jpUe;jhh; vd Kot[ bra;jJ/ mtuJ jk;gp. mtiuf; fhg;ghw;w 7/ (2003) 3 v!;/rp/rp/ 569 8/ (1994) 1 v!;/rp/rp/ 413 9/ (2001) 3 v!;/rp/rp/ 468 10/ (2000) 1 v!;/rp/rp/ 471 te;jnghJ. mth; jhf;fpath;fshy; bfhy;yg;gl;l mnjntisapy;. rhl;rpa[k; fLikahd fha';fsile;jhh;/ rhl;rpapd; epidtpy; gjpe;jpUf;ff;Toait,r;N:H;epiyfSk;. jhf;fpath;fspd; Kfght';fSk;.,g;gjpt[k; 47 ehl;fSf;Fs; epidtpypUe;J kiwe;JtplhJ my;yJ k';fptplhJ/,njnghd;wbjhU re;jh;g;gkhd. jha; je;ijah;. j';fsJ kfd;fisj; jhf;fpath;fisa[k;. mth;fspd; xU kfd; bfhy;yg;gl;lija[';fz;L. jhf;fpath;fis milahsk; fhz;gpj;jdh;/ mth;fspd; epidtpYk;. jhf;fpath;fspd; Kfght';fs; ed;F gjpe;jpUe;jJ/ 47 ehl;fs; fle;Jtpl;ljhnyna mth;fspd; epidtpypUe;J Kfght';fs; mHpe;JtplhJ/ 20/ ve;j fhyj;jpw;Fs; milahs';fhl;Lk; mzptFg;g[r; nrhjid elj;jntz;Lbkd;nwh my;yJ vjphpapd; jz;lidj; jPh;g;ig epiyepWj;j rhpahf milahs';fhl;lntz;oa rhl;rpfspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf;Fwpj;njh epiyahd tpjp vjida[k; tFj;Jiuf;Fk; rhj;jpaKkpy;iy. mJ tpntfKilaJkpy;iy/,t;tpla';fis xt;bthU tHf;fpd; r';fjpfspd; kw;Wk; N:H;epiyfspd;nghpy; jPh;khdpf;f bghUz;ik ePjpkd;w';fsplk; tpl;Ltplntz;Lk;/ ve;jf; fhyj;jpw;Fs; milahs';fhl;Lk; mzptFg;g[ elj;jg;glntz;Lbkd;W eph;zapf;fpd;w tpjp tFj;Jiuf;fg;gLkhapd;. fhty;JiwapdUf;F tHf;fkhd Fw;wthspfspd; milahs';Fwpj;j bjspthd Jg;g[fpilf;fhjjhYk;. mth;fs; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fSf;F bjhpahjth;fshf,Uj;jyhYk;. ifJbra;a jhkjkhFk;/ tHf;Ffspy; cs;s tHf;fkhd Fw;wthspf;Fj;jhd; mJ gadspf;Fk;/ Mfnt. mth;fs; jz;lidj; jPh;g;ig jtph;f;f Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;F mth;fis ifJbra;tijj; jtph;f;fpd;wdh;/,njnghd;W. td;g[zh;r;rp nghd;w Fw;w';fs; xnubahU rhl;rpahy; rhl;rpakspf;fg;gLk; jd;ikbfhz;litahft[k;,Uf;fyhk;. Fw;wthsp. ghjpf;fg;gl;ltUf;F bjhpahkypUf;fyhk;. nkYk;. kw;wtifapy; cz;ikahdtuhft[k;. ek;gfj;jFe;jtuhft[k;. fhzg;gLk; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltuhy; milahs';fhl;lg;gLjypd;nghpy;jhd; tHf;Fr; rhh;e;jpUf;fpwJ/ mj;jif tHf;Ffspy; xnubahU milahs';fhl;Lk; rhl;rp kl;Lnk,Ug;gjhy; mit fl;lhakhf tpLjiyapy;jhd; Koantz;Lk; vd;W thJiug;gJ epahabkdf; TwKoa[kh> Mfnt,t;tpla';fspd; midj;J mk;r';fisa[k;. mj;jifa milahs';fhl;liy Vw;gjd;nghpy; my;yJ epuhfhpg;gjd;nghpy; jPh;g;g[ gfUk;Kd; gjpt[Ur;rhd;wpd; Jizbfhz;L ghprPypf;fntz;Lk; vd;gijg; bghUz;ik ePjpkd;w';fspd; bka;awpt[ kjpg;gPl;ow;F tpl;Ltplntz;Lbkd braywpt[f; nfhUfpwJ/ 21/ filrpahf. ky;fhd; rp'; ?vjph;? kj;jpag;gpunjr khepy muR11 vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; K:tukh; epjpauhaj;jpy; v';fspy; xUtuhd cWg;gpdh; xUth;.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; gy;ntW jPh;Kot[fisg; ghprPypj;J.,t;thwhf fUj;Jiuj;Js;sjhtJ: (v!;/rp/rp/ gf;f';fs; 751?752. gj;jp 7) @7/ ePjpkd;wj;jpy; epiyKiwahd rhl;rpak; vd;gJ milahs';fhl;Lk; rhl;rpankahFk; vd;W TWtJ rh;trhjhuzkhFk;/ rhl;rpar; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 9?,d; bjspthd tifKiwfisj; jtpu. rl;lj;jpd; epiyg;ghL.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; bjhlh; jPh;Kot[fshy; ed;F mWjpaplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ vjphpfspd; milahsj;ij epWt[fpd;w r';fjpfs;. rhl;rpar; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 9?,d; fPH; bjhlh;g[iladthFk;/ rhl;rp xUthpd; epiyKiwahd rhl;rpak; vd;gJ. xU bghJ tpjpahf ePjpkd;wj;jpy; mspf;fg;gLk; thf;FK:ykhFk;/ Kjd;Kiwahf tprhuizapd;nghJ vjphpfis vtUk; milahs';fhl;Lk; rhl;rpakhdJ,ay;ghfnt cs;shh;e;j xU gytPdkhdj; jd;ik bfhz;ljhFk;/ vdnt. Kd;djhf milahs';fhl;Lk; nrhjidapd; nehf;fkhdJ. mr;rhl;rpaj;ij nrhjidbra;J. mjd; 11/ (2003) 5 v!;/rp/rp/ 746 cz;ikj;jd;ikia cWjpg;gLj;JtnjahFk;/ mjd;go. Kd;djhf milahs';fhl;Lk; eltof;iffs; vd;w Kiwapy; rhl;rpfSf;F mayhl;fshfj; jpfGk; vjphpfspd; milahs';Fwpj;J ePjpkd;wj;jpy; cWjpbkhHp rhd;wspf;Fk; mr;rhl;rpfspd; mr;rhd;wpid cWjpg;gLj;Jtij bghJthf Muha;tjw;fhd xU ghJfhg;ghd gFj;jwpt[ tpjpahf fUjg;gLfpwJ/,g;gFj;jwpt[ tpjp. tpjptpyf;FfSf;Fl;gl;L,Ue;jhYk;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf ePjpkd;wk; mJnghd;w my;yJ ntW cWjpg;gLj;Jjypd;wp vtUila rhl;rpapidg; ghJfhg;ghf rhh;t[wyhnkh. mf;Fwpg;gpl;l rhl;rpahy;. ftug;gLfpd;wJ/ milahs mzptFg;g[. g[ydha;t[ fl;lj;jpy; elj;jg;gLfpwJ. nkYk;. milahs';fhl;Lk; mzptFg;g[r; nrhjid elj;jf;nfhu vjphpf;F chpikaspf;fnth my;yJ g[ydha;t[ Kfik mjid elj;Jk; flikbfhz;oUg;gjhfnth Fw;wtpay; tprhuizKiwr; rl;lj;jpy; tifak; VJkpy;iy/ mit epiyKiwr;rhd;whf mikahJ kw;Wk;,e;j mzptFg;g[fs;. 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