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2?Mk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd c&hcw^ cwkPj;Jf;F gfuhs; mjpfhu
Mtzj;jpd; thapyhf filapd; RthjPdj;ij xg;gilj;Js;shh; vd;gJk; thliff; fl;Lg;ghl;L mjpfhuikg;g[ Kd;ghd mtuJ rhh;ghd thjkhFk;/ tha;bkhHpahd xg;ge;jj;jpd; mog;gilapY';Tl mtUk;. c&hcw^ cwkPj;Jk;
RthjPdk; gphpf;fg;gl;oUf;fntz;Lk;. mjhtJ. kw;wth;fis ePf;Fk; chpika[k;. nrh;j;Jf;bfhs;Sk; chpika[k; RthjPdj;Jld; ,Uj;jy;ntz;Lk;/ epyf;fpHhhpd; vGj;Jg;g{h;tkhd xg;g[jiyg; bgwhky; cs;?thliff;F tpLtnjh. Fj;jif- thlif tshfj;jpid KGikahfnth. gFjpahfnth my;yJ ntWtpjkhfnth
RthjPdj;Jld; chpikkhw;w";bra;tnjh my;yJ gphpf;fg;gLtnjh mDkjpf;fg;glkhl;lhJ. nkYk;. mt;thW ele;jhy; mJnt epyf;fpHhuhy; thlifjhuiu btspnaw;Wtjw;fhd fhuzkhf mike;JtpLfpwJ/ cs;?thliff;F tplg;gl;ljd; fhuzkhf btspnaw;Wifia nfhUfpwnghJ. mjid epU:gpf;Fk; bghWg;g[ epyf;fpHhhpd; kPnja[s;sJ/ ,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; mnrhrpnal;ll; ncwhl;ly; M`g; ,e;jpah ypkpbll; ?vjph;? v!;/gp/ rh;jhh; u";rpj; rp';. V/I/Mh;/ 1968 v!;/rp/ 933 vd;w tHf;fpy; jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lthW. K:d;whtJ egh;. kjpg;g[il kWgaDf;fhf thliff;F tplg;gl;l tshfj;jpd; jdpg;gl;l
RthjPdj;jpYs;shh; vd;gij epyf;fpHhh; Kjy; nehf;fpnyna fhz;gpj;Jtpl;lhy;. mjd;gpd;g[ rhd;Wfis kWf;fntz;oaJ thlifjhunuahthh;/ mnjrkak;
,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy;. $p/nf/ gl;ehfh; ?vjph;? mg;Jy; mypk;. (2002) 9 v!;/rp/rp/
516 kw;Wk; bcwy;gh; fphpjh;gha; ?vjph;? iraj; KfkJ kph;rhncwg; fhj;hp.
JUDGMENT
(1987) 3 v!;/rp/rp/ 538 vd;w tHf;fpy; jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;;lthW. thlifjhuh; xUth;. Tl;lhz;ik epWtdj;jpd; Tl;lhspahfp. me;j tshfj;jpDs; tzpf eltof;ifia nkw;bfhs;tjw;F me;epWtdj;jpw;F mDkjp mspf;Fk; mnjntisapy; mjDila rl;lg;g{h;tkhd RthjPdj;ij jd;dplnk jf;fitj;Jf;bfhs;fpwtplj;J. me;j thlifjhuUila bray; cs;?thliff;F tplg;gl;ljhfhJ/ nkYk;. thlifjhuuhy; jdJ tzpf eltof;ifia nkw;bfhs;snth my;yJ bjhHpypnyh Tl;lhspia mkh;j;jpapUg;gpDk;. mf;Tl;lhz;ik cz;ikahf,Uf;Fk;tiuapy; mJ mDkjpf;fj;jf;fJ vdf; fUj;Jiuj;J. jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;/Ls;sJ/ nkYk;. mf;Tl;lhz;ikapd; nehf;fk;. mf;Tl;lhz;ikapy; btspg;gilahf tzpf eltof;ifia nkw;bfhs;tjhf my;yJ bjhHpy; elj;JtjhfapUe;J. xU Tl;lhspahf me;j tshfj;jpy; btspg;gilahf Foakh;j;jg;gl;oUf;Fk; me;j ntW egUf;F cs;?thlif tpLtJ cz;ikahd nehf;fkhf,Uf;Fkhdhy;. gpd;dh; mJ cs;?thliff;F tplg;gl;l bray;fshfnt fUjg;gLk;/ cs;?thliff;F tpLtJ Fwpj;j,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; bjhlh; jPh;Kot[fisg; ghprPypj;jgpd;dh;. brypdh nfhay;ncwh bgiuuh ?vjph;? cy;yh!; kfhgnyc&;th; nfhy;fh;. (2010) 1 v!;/rp/rp/ 217 vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wk; gj;jp 25?,y; fPH;f;fz;lthW RUf;fkhff; Twg;gl;Ls;sJ: @25/ nkw;brhd;d jPh;Kot[fspypUe;J btspg;gLk; rl;l epiy,t;thwhf RUf;fp Twg;gl;Ls;sJ:
(i) thliff; fl;Lg;ghL rl;l';fspd; fPH;. btspnaw;Wifapd; xU fhuzkhf cs;?thliff;F tpLjypd; CWghLfis epU:gpf;Fk;bghUl;L.,uz;L cl;TWfs; epWtg;gLjy;ntz;Lk;. (xd;W) K:d;whtJ egUf;fhjuthf thlifjhuuhy; thlifa[hpik RthjPdj;Jld; gphpf;fg;gLjy; my;yJ mjd;; gFjp jdpg;gl;l RthjPd chpika[ld; gphpf;fg;gLjy; kw;Wk; (,uz;lhtJ) RthjPdj;Jld; Toa mj;jifa gphptpid epyf;fpHhhpd; xg;g[jypd;wp thlif my;yJ el;l <l;ow;Fg; gjpyhf bra;ag;gl;oUf;fntz;Lk;/
(ii) thlifjhuuhy; tzpf eltof;ifia nkw;bfhs;Sjypy; my;yJ bjhHpypy; Tl;lhsp my;yJ Tl;lhspfis mkh;j;jg;gLtjhnyna. mJ cs;?thliff;F tplg;gl;ljhfhJ/ vdpDk;. mj;jifa Tl;lhz;ikapd; nehf;fk; btspg;gilahdjhfapUe;J. cs;?thliff;F tpLtJ vd;w cz;ikahd eltof;ifia kiwg;gjw;fhf Tl;lhz;ik Mtzk; tiuag;gl;oUf;Fkhdhy;. thlifjhuuhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l eltof;ifapd; cz;ikahd,ay;g[fisf; fz;lwptjw;fhf ePjpkd;wk;. Tl;lhz;ik vd;w Kfj;jpiuiaf; fpHpj;bjwpayhk;/
(iii) cs;?FoapUg;ghsh; vd;W brhy;yf;ToatUf;Fk;.
thlifjhuUf;Fk;,ilna csjhapUf;Fk; Tl;lhz;ik Mtzk; my;yJ ntW VnjDk; KiwapYs;s btspg;gilahd eltof;if. epyf;fpHhUf;F K:d;whtJ egh; rhh;ghf thlifjhuuhy;. thlifa[hpika[s;s tshfk; RthjPdj;Jld; gphpf;fg;gLjy; my;yJ cs;?thliff;F tplg;gLjy; vd;wbjhU thjj;jpid epWt[tjw;F rhd;wspj;jypd; K:ynkh my;yJ FWf;F tprhuizapd; thapyhfnth mr;N:H;epiyfisf; fhz;gpg;gjpypUe;J my;yJ gjpt[U rhd;whjhu';fis bfhz;LtUtjpypUe;J epyf;fpHhiu jLf;ftpy;iy/
(iv) thlifjhuh; Tl;lhspfSld;,ize;J jPtpukhf
Tl;lhz;ik eltof;ifia nkw;bfhz;L. thlifa[hpik cs;s tshfj;jpid. jd;Dila fl;Lg;ghl;oy; itj;Jf;bfhz;lhy;. thlifjhuh; RthjPdj;Jld; gphpj;Jtpl;ljhff; Tw,ayhJ/
(v) cs;?thliff;F tplg;gl;oUj;jiy epU:gpf;Fk; bghWg;g[
Jtf;fj;jpy; epyf;fpHhUilajhFk;. Mdhy;. K:d;whk; egh; tshfj;jpd; jdpg;gl;l RthjPdj;jpYs;shh; vd;Wk;. thlifjhuh; rl;lg;g{h;tkhd RthjPdj;jpypy;iy vd;Wk;. mth; jpwk;gl epWt Koa[bkd;why;. me;j K:d;whtJ jug;gpdUila ifa[ilik jd;ikia epU:gpf;Fk; bghWg;g[ thlifjhuhplk;,lkhWfpwJ. nkYk;. mth; (thlifjhuh;) thlifa[hpika[ila tshfj;jpy; rl;lg;g{h;tkhd RthjPdj;jpy; bjhlh;e;jpUe;J tUthh;/
(vi) mjhtJ thlifjhuuy;yhj xU jug;gpdh; tshfj;jpd; jdpg;gl;l RthjPdj;jpy; cs;shh; vd;w r';fjpia Kjy;epiyapnyna rhd;W mspj;J epU:gpj;Jtpl;lhy;. epyf;fpHhhpd; kPJs;s bghWg;gpypUe;J Muk;gepiyapnyna tpLtpf;fg;gLthh;/ cs;?thliff;F tplg;gl;ljw;fhd mDkhdk; gpd;dh; vGg;gg;glyhk;. nkYk; mJ kWj;Jiuf;fg;glhtpoy; epUgpf;fg;gl;Ltpl;ljhfptpLk;/ 9/ nkw;brhd;d jPh;Kot[fspy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; tFj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l rl;lj;ij ifapYs;s tHf;fpd; bghUz;ikfSf;F bghUj;jpg;ghh;j;Jk;. gjpt[U rhd;wpid kjpg;gpl;ljd;nghpYk;. 1?Mk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsUf;Fk; 2?Mk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsUf;Fk;,ilna cz;ikahd Tl;lhz;ik,y;iybad;nw eh';fs; fUJfpd;nwhk;/ 1?Mk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; cs;?thliff;F tpl;l Fw;wr;rhl;oypUe;J btsptUtjw;Fjhd; Tl;lhz;ik vd;w tHf;Fld; te;Js;shh;/ tHf;F tshfj;jpd; jdpg;gl;l RthjPdk; 2?Mk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhshplk; cs;sJ/ 2?Mk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; tHf;F tshfj;jpy; chpikahsh;nghy tzpf eltof;ifia nkw;bfhz;LtUfpwhh;/ tpw;gidthp rhd;wpjGk;. chpkKk; 2?Mk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; bgahpy; cs;sd/ t';fp fzf;Ffs; 2?Mk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; bgahpy; cs;sJ kw;Wk; t';fp fzf;Ffis 2?Mk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; ifahz;LtUfpd;whh;/,r;N:H;epiyfspd;fPH; cs;?thliff;F tplg;gl;oUe;j tHf;fhdJ bjspthf epWtg;gl;Ls;sJ/ cs;?thliff;F tplg;gl;l fhuzj;jpd;nghpyhd btspnaw;Wif jPh;g;ghizia ePf;fwt[ bra;jjpy; cah; ePjpkd;wk; fLk; jtwpiHj;Jtpl;lJ/ 10/ nkny Twg;gl;l fhuz';fspdhYk;. mtw;iwf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;Lk; jw;nghJs;s nky;KiwaPL mDkjpf;fg;gLfpwJ/ cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l nfs;tpf;Fs;shd jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; cj;jut[ ePf;fwt[ bra;ag;gLfpwJ/ nkYk; thliff; fl;Lghl;L nky;KiwaPl;L mjpfhuikg;ghy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; jPh;g;ghiz,jd; K:yk; kPl;lspf;fg;gLfpwJ/ cs;?thlif vd;w fhuzj;jpd;nghpyhd jPh;g;ghiz,Uj;jy;ntz;Lk;/ vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs;.,d;iwa jpdj;jpypUe;J ehd;F thu fhyj;jpw;Fs; thlifghf;fpapid KGikahf brYj;Jtjd;nghpYk;.,e;ePjpkd;wk; Kd;g[ tHf;fkhd Vw;g[Wjpia jhf;fy; bra;tjd;nghpYk;,d;iwa jpdj;jpypUe;J K:d;W khj fhyj;jpw;Fs;,';Fs;s nky;KiwaPl;lhsUf;F tHf;F tshfj;jpd; mikjpahd RthjPdj;ij xg;gilf;fntz;Lk;/ khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ mnc&hf; g{c&d; khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ vk;/Mh;/ c&h g[J jpy;yp. 07/01/2020/ ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? chpikj;Jwg;g[ @tl;lhu bkhHpapy; bkhHpahf;fk; bra;ag;gl;l,j;jPh;g;g[iuahdJ. tHf;fho. jd;Dila bkhHpapy; g[hpe;Jbfhs;tjw;F gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;tjw;Fl;gl;lnjad;wp. ntbwe;j nehf;fj;jpw;fhft[k; gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;syhfhJ/ midj;J eilKiwahd kw;Wk; mYty;Kiwahd nehf;f';fSf;Fk; kw;Wk; jPh;g;g[iuia epiwntw;wYf;Fk;. braw;gLj;jYf;Fk; mjd; M';fpyg; gjpg;ng mjpfhug;g{h;tkhdjhFk;/@