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,e;jpa cr;r ePjpkd;wk; chpikapay; nky;KiwaPl;L mjpfhutuk;g[ chpikapay; nky;KiwaPL vz; 8642-2009 vk;/ MWKfk; /// nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;(fs;)
?vjph;? mk;kzpak;khs; kw;Wk; gyh; /// vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;(fs;) jPh;g;g[iu khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ jPgf; Fg;jh:
1/ K:y ft[z;lh; vd;gth;. jdJ ,uz;L kfd;fshd gHdprhkp (1?Mk; gpujpthjp) kw;Wk; MWKfk; (2?Mk; gpujpthjp) MfpnahUld; tHf;Fr; brhj;jpd; g';F chpikah; Mthh;/ K:y ft[z;lh; 28/12/1971 md;W ve;jbthU capYk; vGjhky; ,we;Jtpl;lhh;/ mtuJ ,wg;gpd;nghpy;. 1-3 g';F brhj;J xt;bthU kfDf;Fk; brd;wJ. g';Fhpikapy; K:y ft[z;lhpd; g';fhd kPjKs;s
K:d;wpy; xU g';F mtuJ kidtp (5?Mk; gpujpthjp). ,uz;L kfd;fs;
(1 kw;Wk; 2?Mk; gpujpthjpfs;) kw;Wk; K:d;W kfs;fshd thjp kw;Wk;
3 kw;Wk; 4?Mk; gpujpthjpfs; MfpnahUf;F kug[hpikahf te;jile;jJ/
2/ MW rl;l thhpRfSf;Fk; kug[hpikahf te;jilantz;oa K:y ft[z;lhpd; g';fhf cs;s brhj;J. xUnghJk; ghfg;gphptpid bra;ag;gl;oUf;ftpy;iyahjyhy;. mJ rl;lg;go ghfg;gphptpid bra;ag;glntz;Lk; vd;W nfhhp. 6/12/1989 md;W mtuJ ,isa kfs; Xh; chpik tHf;ifj; jhf;fy; bra;jhh;/ ,uz;L kfd;fshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l
?vjph;? mk;kzpak;khs; kw;Wk; gyh; /// vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;(fs;) jPh;g;g[iu khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ jPgf; Fg;jh:
1/ K:y ft[z;lh; vd;gth;. jdJ ,uz;L kfd;fshd gHdprhkp (1?Mk; gpujpthjp) kw;Wk; MWKfk; (2?Mk; gpujpthjp) MfpnahUld; tHf;Fr; brhj;jpd; g';F chpikah; Mthh;/ K:y ft[z;lh; 28/12/1971 md;W ve;jbthU capYk; vGjhky; ,we;Jtpl;lhh;/ mtuJ ,wg;gpd;nghpy;. 1-3 g';F brhj;J xt;bthU kfDf;Fk; brd;wJ. g';Fhpikapy; K:y ft[z;lhpd; g';fhd kPjKs;s
K:d;wpy; xU g';F mtuJ kidtp (5?Mk; gpujpthjp). ,uz;L kfd;fs;
(1 kw;Wk; 2?Mk; gpujpthjpfs;) kw;Wk; K:d;W kfs;fshd thjp kw;Wk;
3 kw;Wk; 4?Mk; gpujpthjpfs; MfpnahUf;F kug[hpikahf te;jile;jJ/
2/ MW rl;l thhpRfSf;Fk; kug[hpikahf te;jilantz;oa K:y ft[z;lhpd; g';fhf cs;s brhj;J. xUnghJk; ghfg;gphptpid bra;ag;gl;oUf;ftpy;iyahjyhy;. mJ rl;lg;go ghfg;gphptpid bra;ag;glntz;Lk; vd;W nfhhp. 6/12/1989 md;W mtuJ ,isa kfs; Xh; chpik tHf;ifj; jhf;fy; bra;jhh;/ ,uz;L kfd;fshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l
vjph;tHf;Fiuapy; K:y ft[z;lhpd; kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpwF kfs;fshd thjp kw;Wk;
3 kw;Wk; 4?Mk; gpujpthjpfs; kw;Wk; jhahh; (5?Mk; gpujpthjp) Mfpnahh; ,U kfd;fshd 1 kw;Wk; 2?Mk; gpujpthjpfSf;F Mjuthf brhj;jpy; j';fs; chpikfis ifJwe;J. gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l tpLjiyg; gj;jpuj;ijf; Tl;lhf epiwntw;wpajhff; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ 1 kw;Wk; 2?Mk; gpujpthjpfs;. nkw;go tpLjiyg; gj;jpuj;jpy; mr;rkaj;jpy; ,stuhf ,Ue;j thjpa[k;. mtuJ
,ay;g[f; fhg;ghsUk;. rhh;ghsuhft[kpUe;j jhahUk; thjp rhh;ghf tpLjiyg; gj;jpuj;ij epiwntw;wpdh;/ mnjnghy;. mr;rkaj;jpy; ,stuhd
2?Mk; gpujpthjpapd; fhg;ghsuhf 1?Mk; gpujpthjp bray;gl;L. ,U kfd;fspd; rhh;ghf tpLjiyg; gj;jpuj;jpy; ifbaGj;jpl;lhh;/ 2?Mk; gpujpthjp chpik taij mile;jgpwF ,U rnfhjuh;fshd 1 kw;Wk;
2?Mk; gpujpthjpfSf;fpilna xU gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l ghfg;gphptpid Mtzk;
24/4/1980 md;W epiwntw;wg;gl;l gpwF. 1 kw;Wk; 2?Mk; gpujpthjpfs;jhd; nkw;go brhj;jpd; cilikapYs;sdh;/ ghfg;gphptpid Mtzj;jpw;F thjpapd; fzth; rhl;rpahf ,Ue;jhh; vd;gJk;. mth; mijg;gw;wp mwpahjJnghy; ghrh';F bra;aKoahJ vd;gJk; cWjpglf; Twg;gl;lJ/ tpLjiyg; gj;jpuj;jpy;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s bjhif. rnfhjhpfSf;F tH';fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ vd;Wk; brhy;yg;gl;lJ/
3/ thjpahy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l gjpy; tHf;Fiuapy; jhahh;. ePjpkd;wj;jpd; xg;gspg;gpd;wp thjpapd; g';if tpl;Lf;bfhLf;f chpikapy;iy vd;gjhy;. tpLjiyg; gj;jpuk; rl;lg;go bry;Ygoaw;wJ vd;W typa[Wj;jg;gl;lJ/
3 kw;Wk; 4?Mk; gpujpthjpfs; kw;Wk; jhahh; (5?Mk; gpujpthjp) Mfpnahh; ,U kfd;fshd 1 kw;Wk; 2?Mk; gpujpthjpfSf;F Mjuthf brhj;jpy; j';fs; chpikfis ifJwe;J. gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l tpLjiyg; gj;jpuj;ijf; Tl;lhf epiwntw;wpajhff; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ 1 kw;Wk; 2?Mk; gpujpthjpfs;. nkw;go tpLjiyg; gj;jpuj;jpy; mr;rkaj;jpy; ,stuhf ,Ue;j thjpa[k;. mtuJ
,ay;g[f; fhg;ghsUk;. rhh;ghsuhft[kpUe;j jhahUk; thjp rhh;ghf tpLjiyg; gj;jpuj;ij epiwntw;wpdh;/ mnjnghy;. mr;rkaj;jpy; ,stuhd
2?Mk; gpujpthjpapd; fhg;ghsuhf 1?Mk; gpujpthjp bray;gl;L. ,U kfd;fspd; rhh;ghf tpLjiyg; gj;jpuj;jpy; ifbaGj;jpl;lhh;/ 2?Mk; gpujpthjp chpik taij mile;jgpwF ,U rnfhjuh;fshd 1 kw;Wk;
2?Mk; gpujpthjpfSf;fpilna xU gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l ghfg;gphptpid Mtzk;
24/4/1980 md;W epiwntw;wg;gl;l gpwF. 1 kw;Wk; 2?Mk; gpujpthjpfs;jhd; nkw;go brhj;jpd; cilikapYs;sdh;/ ghfg;gphptpid Mtzj;jpw;F thjpapd; fzth; rhl;rpahf ,Ue;jhh; vd;gJk;. mth; mijg;gw;wp mwpahjJnghy; ghrh';F bra;aKoahJ vd;gJk; cWjpglf; Twg;gl;lJ/ tpLjiyg; gj;jpuj;jpy;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s bjhif. rnfhjhpfSf;F tH';fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ vd;Wk; brhy;yg;gl;lJ/
3/ thjpahy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l gjpy; tHf;Fiuapy; jhahh;. ePjpkd;wj;jpd; xg;gspg;gpd;wp thjpapd; g';if tpl;Lf;bfhLf;f chpikapy;iy vd;gjhy;. tpLjiyg; gj;jpuk; rl;lg;go bry;Ygoaw;wJ vd;W typa[Wj;jg;gl;lJ/
4/ jhahh;. ,sth; kfspd; ,ay;g[f; fhg;ghsuhf bray;gl;Lte;jhh; vd;Wk;. nkYk; thjpahy;. chpik taij mile;Jtpl;ljd;nghpy; K:d;W Mz;Lfs; fhytiuaiwf;Fs; tpLjiyg; gj;jpuj;ij ePf;fwt[ bra;a ve;j eltof;iffSk; vLf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;Wk; jPh;khdpj;J tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk; chpik tHf;ifj; js;Sgo bra;jJ/
5/ nkw;fz;l jPh;g;g[iuahy; kdf;Fiwa[w;W. thjp cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; nky;KiwaPL xd;iwj; jhf;fy; bra;jhh;. K:y ft[z;lhpd; rl;lg;goahd thhpRfspd; ifapYs;s brhj;J. mtuJ kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpwF ,e;J Tl;Lf;
FLk;gr; brhj;jhf ,Ue;jJ. nkYk; jhahh; fhg;ghsuhf bray;gl;oUf;ff;TlhJ vd;w Kot[f;F mJ te;jJ/ Mifahy;. tpLjiyg; gj;jpuk; bjhlf;fj;jpnyna bry;YgoahfhjJ vd;Wk;. mt;tifapy; mJ vjph;f;fg;glntz;oajpy;iy vd;Wk; jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ/ nkYk;. brhj;J. K:y ft[z;lhpd; midj;J rl;lg;g{h;tkhd thhpRfspd; Tl;Lr; brhj;jhfnt
,Ue;Jte;jjhff; Twp ePjpkd;wk; thjpapd; tHf;fpy; jPh;g;ghizapl;lJ/ vdnt. tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jpy; 2?Mk; gpujpthjpahf ,Ue;j rnfhjuh; xUtuhy;
,e;j nky;KiwaPL jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ/
6/ eh';fs; nky;KiwaPl;lhsUf;fhd fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ b$ae;j; Kj; uh$; kw;Wk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;?thjpf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ tp/ gpughfh; Mfpnahhpd; thj';fisf; nfl;nlhk;/
,r;r';fjpfs; kWj;Jiuf;fg;gltpy;iy/ K:y ft[z;lhplkpUe;J kug[hpikahfg; bgwg;gLk; brhj;J bjhlh;ghf ,sth; kfs;fspd; fhg;ghsuhf jhahh; bray;glKoa[kh> vd;gnj xnu gpur;rpidahFk;/
5/ nkw;fz;l jPh;g;g[iuahy; kdf;Fiwa[w;W. thjp cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; nky;KiwaPL xd;iwj; jhf;fy; bra;jhh;. K:y ft[z;lhpd; rl;lg;goahd thhpRfspd; ifapYs;s brhj;J. mtuJ kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpwF ,e;J Tl;Lf;
FLk;gr; brhj;jhf ,Ue;jJ. nkYk; jhahh; fhg;ghsuhf bray;gl;oUf;ff;TlhJ vd;w Kot[f;F mJ te;jJ/ Mifahy;. tpLjiyg; gj;jpuk; bjhlf;fj;jpnyna bry;YgoahfhjJ vd;Wk;. mt;tifapy; mJ vjph;f;fg;glntz;oajpy;iy vd;Wk; jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ/ nkYk;. brhj;J. K:y ft[z;lhpd; midj;J rl;lg;g{h;tkhd thhpRfspd; Tl;Lr; brhj;jhfnt
,Ue;Jte;jjhff; Twp ePjpkd;wk; thjpapd; tHf;fpy; jPh;g;ghizapl;lJ/ vdnt. tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jpy; 2?Mk; gpujpthjpahf ,Ue;j rnfhjuh; xUtuhy;
,e;j nky;KiwaPL jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ/
6/ eh';fs; nky;KiwaPl;lhsUf;fhd fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ b$ae;j; Kj; uh$; kw;Wk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;?thjpf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ tp/ gpughfh; Mfpnahhpd; thj';fisf; nfl;nlhk;/
,r;r';fjpfs; kWj;Jiuf;fg;gltpy;iy/ K:y ft[z;lhplkpUe;J kug[hpikahfg; bgwg;gLk; brhj;J bjhlh;ghf ,sth; kfs;fspd; fhg;ghsuhf jhahh; bray;glKoa[kh> vd;gnj xnu gpur;rpidahFk;/
7/ ,g;gpur;rpidfis tpthjpf;Fk; Kd; ,e;J ,sth;epiy kw;Wk; fhg;ghz;ikr; rl;lk;. 1956 (RUf;fkhf rl;lk;). gphpt[ 6?I Fwpg;gpLtJ bghUj;jkhdjhFk;. mjd; bjhlh;g[ila gFjp gpd;tUkhW vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ:
@6/ ,e;J ,sthpd; ,ay;g[f; fhg;ghsh;fs;/? Xh; ,e;J
,sthpd; capUliyg; bghWj;Jk; (Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;jpy; mtDf;F my;yJ mtSf;Fs;s gphpf;fg;glhj chpj;jk; eP';fyhf) ,sthpd; brhj;ijg; bghWj;Jk;. mtUila ,ay;g[ fhg;ghsh;fs; gpd;tUnthh; Mth;?
(m) xU rpWtdhfnth. kzkhfhj rpWkpahfnth
,Uf;Fk;neh;tpy; ? je;ij mtUf;Fg; gpd;dh; jha;.
Mdhy; Ie;J taJ g{h;j;jpahfhj Xh; ,sth; tHf;fkhfnt mtUila jhapd; fhg;gpy; ,Ue;J tUthh;;
///@ rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 8?Ia[k; Fwpg;gplyhk;. mjd; bjhlh;g[ila gFjp gpd;tUkhW vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ:
@8/ ,ay;g[f; fhg;ghshpd; mjpfhu';fs;/? (1) Xh; ,e;J
,sthpd; ,ay;g[f; fhg;ghsh; ,e;jg; gphptpd; tifa';fSf;F cl;gl;L ,sthpd; eyDf;F ntz;oa my;yJ ,sthpd; chpikr; brhj;jpidf; iftug;gw;wt[k;. ghJfhf;ft[k; my;yJ gaDilajhf;ft[k; njitahd my;yJ jFkhd. chpa
@6/ ,e;J ,sthpd; ,ay;g[f; fhg;ghsh;fs;/? Xh; ,e;J
,sthpd; capUliyg; bghWj;Jk; (Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;jpy; mtDf;F my;yJ mtSf;Fs;s gphpf;fg;glhj chpj;jk; eP';fyhf) ,sthpd; brhj;ijg; bghWj;Jk;. mtUila ,ay;g[ fhg;ghsh;fs; gpd;tUnthh; Mth;?
(m) xU rpWtdhfnth. kzkhfhj rpWkpahfnth
,Uf;Fk;neh;tpy; ? je;ij mtUf;Fg; gpd;dh; jha;.
Mdhy; Ie;J taJ g{h;j;jpahfhj Xh; ,sth; tHf;fkhfnt mtUila jhapd; fhg;gpy; ,Ue;J tUthh;;
///@ rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 8?Ia[k; Fwpg;gplyhk;. mjd; bjhlh;g[ila gFjp gpd;tUkhW vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ:
@8/ ,ay;g[f; fhg;ghshpd; mjpfhu';fs;/? (1) Xh; ,e;J
,sthpd; ,ay;g[f; fhg;ghsh; ,e;jg; gphptpd; tifa';fSf;F cl;gl;L ,sthpd; eyDf;F ntz;oa my;yJ ,sthpd; chpikr; brhj;jpidf; iftug;gw;wt[k;. ghJfhf;ft[k; my;yJ gaDilajhf;ft[k; njitahd my;yJ jFkhd. chpa
bray;fisg; g[hptjw;F mjpfhuKilatuhthh;; Mdhy; fhg;ghsh; ve;neh;tpYk; xg;ge;jk; thapyhf ,stiuj; jdpKiwapy; fl;Lg;gLj;j ,ayhJ/
JUDGMENT
(2),ay;g[f; fhg;ghsh; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;mDkjpapd;wp/? (m),sthpd; mirahr; brhj;jpd; gFjp vjida[k; milkhdk; itj;jnyh. gw;Wg; bghWg;g[f;F cl;gLj;jnyh. tpw;gid. bfhil. ghpkhw;wk; my;yJ gpwtif chpikkhw;wk; bra;jnyh MfhJ; my;yJ
(M) mj;jifa brhj;jpd; gFjp vjida[k; Ie;J
Mz;LfSf;F nkw;gLk; xU fhytiuf;F my;yJ,sth; chpiktaij mila[k; njjp fle;J Xuhz;ow;F nkw;gLk; xU fhytiuf;F Fj;jiff;F tpLjy; MfhJ/ (3) cl;gphpt[ (1) my;yJ cl;gphpt[ (2)?I kPWfpwtifapy;.,ay;g[f; fhg;ghsh; xUtuhy; mirahr; brhj;J vJt[k; mayilt[ bra;ag;gLkhapd; mJ,stnuh. mth; fPH; chpiknfhUk; xUtnuh vLf;Fk; eltof;ifahy; jtph;jF mayilthFk;/ ////@,e;J kug[hpikr; rl;lk;. 1956 (RUf;fkhf kug[hpikr; rl;lk;). gphpt[ 4(M). gphpt[ 6. gphpt[ 19 kw;Wk; gphpt[ 30 bjhlh;g[ila fhyj;jpy; cs;sthW,J gpd;tUkhW vLj;jpak;gg;gl;Ls;sJ:- @4(M),e;jr; rl;lj;jpd; bjhlf;fj;ij xl;o Kd;g[ eilKiwapYs;s gpw rl;lk; vJt[k;. mJ,e;jr; rl;lj;jpy; ml';fpa[s;s tifa';fspy; vjw;Fk; xt;thjpUf;fpd;w mst[f;F,e;Jf;fSf;Fg; bghUe;JjyhfhJ/@ @6/ gpwg;g[tHp g';Fhpikr; brhj;jpy; cs;s chpj;jj;jpd;,w';filt[:-,e;jr; rl;lj;jpd; bjhlf;fj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dh;,e;J Mz; xUth;,we;JnghFk;nghJ. mr;rkaj;jpy; kpjhT&uh rl;lj;jpd;go gpwg;g[tHp g';Fhpikr; brhj;jpy; mth; Xh; chpj;jk; bfhz;oUf;Fkplj;J. mr;brhj;jpy; mtUf;Fs;s mt;t[hpj;jk;. gpwg;g[tHp g';Fhpikah;fspy; v";rpa[s;sth;fSf;F v";RhpiktHp,w';filthFnkad;wp.,r;rl;lj;jpd;go my;y: tuk;g[iuahf:,we;Jnghdth;.,izg;g[g;gl;oaypd; tif 1?,y; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;s xU bgz; cwtpdiunah. me;jg; bgz; cwtpdh; K:yk; chpik nfhUfpwtuha; tif 1?,y; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;s Xh; Mz; cwtpdiunah. jkf;Fg;gpd; v";rpa[s;stuhf tpl;Lr;brd;wpUe;jhy;. kpjhT&uh rl;lj;jpd;go gpwg;g[tHp g';Fhpikr; brhj;jpy; me;j,we;Jnghdthpd; chpj;jk;.,r;rl;lj;jpd;go. neh;t[f;nfw;g capy;tHp my;yJ capypy;yhtHp,w';Fhpik Kiwg;go,w';filtjhFk;/ tpsf;fk; 1 ?,e;jg; gphpitg; bghWj;jtiu. kpjhT&uh rl;lj;jpd;go gpwg;g[tHp g';Fhpikr; brhj;jpy; chpiknfhUfpw,e;J xUtUf;Fs;s chpj;jk; vd;gJ mr;brhj;jpy; mth; ghfg;gphptpidf; nfhUtjw;F chpik bfhz;oUe;jhYk;.,y;yhtpoDk;. mtuJ,wg;ig xl;o Kd;g[ mr;brhj;jpy; ghfg;gphptpid Vw;gl;oUe;jhy; mtUf;F mr;brhj;jpy; xJf;fg;gl;oUf;ff;Toa g';fhff; bfhs;sg;gLjy;ntz;Lk;/ tpsf;fk; 2 ?,e;jg; gphptpd; tuk;g[iuapy; ml';fpa[s;s vJt[k;.,we;Jnghdthpd;,wg;g[f;F Kd;dh; gpwg;g[tHp g';Fhpik bfhz;oUe;j FLk;gj;jpypUe;J gphpe;Jbrd;Wtpl;l egh; xUtiu my;yJ mtuJ,w';Fhpikah;fspy; vth; xUtiua[k;. capy; vJt[k; vGjg;glhj epiyapy; mt;tuk;g[iuapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l chpj;jj;jpy; xU g';fpidf; nfhUtjw;F,ay;tpg;;gjhfg; bghUs;bfhs;sg;gLjyhfhJ/@ @19/,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F nkw;gl;l thhpRfs; bghWj;j,w';Fhpik Kiw/? capy; vGjpitf;fhky;,we;Jnghdthpd; brhj;jpid,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F nkw;gl;l thhpRfs; xUnru milthh;fshapd; mth;fs;.? (m),e;jr; rl;lj;jpy; gpwthW btspg;gilahf tifbra;ag;gl;oUe;jhyd;wp. fpisf;F xU g';F vd my;yhky; jiyf;F xU g';F vd;fpw KiwapYk;; kw;Wk;
(M) Tl;L epyr; brhj;Jhpikapdh; vd my;yhky; bghJ epyr; brhj;Jhpikapdh; vd;fpw Kiwapy; mr;brhj;jpid milth;/@ @30/ capy;tHp,w';Fhpik/- capy;tHpahf my;yJ gpw tpUg;ghtz Vw;ghl;od; tHpahf mayilt[ bra;ag;glj;jf;f brhj;J vjida[k;.,e;J xUth;.,e;jpa thhpRhpikr; rl;lk;. 1925 (39-1925)?,d; tifa';fSf;F,z';fnth.,e;JfSf;Fg; bghUe;jj;jf;f epyt[Wk; gpw rl;lk; vjdpd; tifa';fSf;F,z';fnth mayilt[ bra;ayhk;/ tpsf;fk; ? kpjhT&uh rl;lj;jpd;go. gpwg;g[tHp g';Fhpikr; brhj;jpy;,e;J Mz; xUtUf;Fs;s chpj;jnkh. chpikah;fshd juthL. jhtHp,y;yk;. FLk;gk; my;yJ fhtU brhj;jpy;. mjidr; rhh;e;j cWg;gpdh; xUtUf;Fs;s chpj;jnkh my;yJ epyt[W gpw rl;lk; vjdpYk; cs;s vJ vt;thwpUg;gpDk;,e;j cl;gphptpd; bghUspd;go mtshnyh. mtdhnyh mayilt[ bra;ag;glj;jf;f brhj;jhff; bfhs;sg;gLk;/@ 8/ K:y ft[z;lhpd; kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpwF. nfs;tpf;Fhpa brhj;J. mtuJ rl;lg;g{h;tkhd thhpRfshy; mth;fSf;Fhpa jdpg;gl;l chpikfspd;go kug[hpikahf te;jilahky; Xh;,e;J gphpf;fg;glhj FLk;gj;jpd; brhj;jhfnt,Ue;Jte;jJ vd kDjhuUf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ tp/ gpughfh; thjpl;Ls;shh;/ brhj;J Xh;,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;J vd;Wk;. fh;j;jhthd 1?Mk; gpujpthjpjhd;,stUf;F rhh;ghw;wpapUf;fntz;Lk; vd;W jpU/ tp/ gpughfh; fLikahf typa[Wj;jpdhh;/ fh;j;jh.,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd;,sth;fSf;F fhg;ghsuhf,Ue;jhy; tpLjiyg; gj;jpuk; vd;W Twg;gLk; Mtzk; xU bry;yj;jfhj Mtzk; vd;W cah; ePjpkd;wk; rhpahfj; jPh;khdpj;jJ/ 9/ mjw;Fkhwhf. nky;KiwaPl;lhsUf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ b$ae;j; Kj; uh$; thjpl;ljhtJ. K:y ft[z;lh;,we;jbghGJ. mtuJ,wg;ig xl;o Kd;djhf xU fUj;jpay;thd ghfg;gphptpid epfH;e;jjhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. mjpy; v";rpapUf;fpd;w g';Fhpikah;fshd 1 kw;Wk; 2?Mk; gpujpthjpfs;. brhj;jpy; xt;bthUtUk; 1-3 g';fpidg; bgw;wdh;. 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K:y ft[z;lhpd;,wg;ig xl;o Kd;ng ghfg;gphptpid Vw;gl;oUe;jhy;. mtUk;. 1 kw;Wk; 2?Mk; gpujpthjpfSk; brhj;Jfspy; xt;bthUtUk; 1-3 g';Ff;Fhpath;fshth;/ mr;rkaj;jpy;,Ue;jthwhd rl;lg;go. bgz; thhpRfSf;F vJt[k; brd;wpUf;fhJ/,Ug;gpDk; ghfg;gphptpid cz;ikapy; eilbgwhjjhYk;. tif 1 bgz; thhpRfs;,Ue;jjhYk;. K:y ft[z;lhpd; 1-3 g';F thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 8?,d;go tif 1?,y; cs;s rl;lg;goahd thhpRfSf;F,w';filtjhFk;/ 11/ FUghj; fz;lg;g khf;lk; ?vjph;? cwpuhgha; fz;lg;g khf;lk; kw;Wk; gyh;1 vd;w tHf;fpy; Xh;,e;J tpjit thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[fs; 6 kw;Wk; 8?,d;go vd;d g';F bgWthh; vd;gnj Kf;fpa gpur;rpidahFk;/ ghfg;gphptpid bra;ag;gl;ljhf fUjg;gLk; xU ghfg;gphptpid. gpwg;g[tHp g';Fhpik bfhz;l,we;Jnghdthpd;,wg;ig xl;oa Ke;ija fhyj;jpw;F tiuaWf;fg;glKoahJ. Mdhy; xU cz;ikahd ghfg;gphptpidapypUe;J tUk; @midj;J tpist[fSk; jh;f;fhPjpahf fzf;fplg;glntz;Lk;. mjhtJ thhpRfs; xUtUf;bfhUth; gphpe;Jte;Jtpl;ldh; vd;Wk;.,we;Jnghdthpd; Ma[l;fhyj;jpy; ele;j ghfg;gphptpidapy; xU g';ifg; bgw;wpUe;jdh; vd;gjd; mog;gilapy; mth;fspd; g';F cWjpg;gLj;jg;glntz;Lk;@ vd;gjhFk;/ cs;shh;e;j cWjpaspf;ff;Toa xd;whf fUjg;gl;L. Vw;Wf;bfhs;sg;glntz;oa ghfg;gphptpidia gpe;ija fhy fl;lj;jpy; kPz;Lk; khw;wpaikf;f nfhuKoahJ/ 12/ brhj;Jthp Mizah;. fhd;g{h; kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? re;jh; brd; kw;Wk; gyh;2 vd;w tHf;fpy; xU je;ijf;Fk; kfDf;Fk;,ilapyhd xU Tl;Lf; FLk;gj; bjhHpy; bjhlh;ghd gpur;rpid,Ue;jJ/,e;jj; bjhHpy; gphpf;fg;gl;L. mjd;gpd;dh; xU Tl;lhz;ik epWtj;jhy; elj;jg;gl;L. mjpy;,UtUk; Tl;lhspfshf,Ue;jdh;/ je;ijahh; jdJ kfd;.,uz;L ngud;fs; Mfpnahiua[k;. epWtj;jpd; fzf;fpYs;s,Ug;g[j; bjhifiaa[k; tpl;Ltpl;L 1/ (1978) 3 v!;/rp/rp/ 383 2/ (1986) 3 v!;/rp/rp/ 567,we;Jtpl;lhh;/,we;Jnghdtuhy; tpl;Lr;bry;yg;gl;l fzf;fpYs;s,Ug;g[j;bjhif Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;jhf fUjg;glntz;Lkh> my;yJ thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 8?,d;go mr;brhj;J tif 1?,Ys;s rl;lg;goahd thhpRfSf;F gfph;e;jspf;fg;glntz;Lkh> vd;gnj mjpy; vGe;j gpur;rpidahFk;/ thhpRhpikr; rl;lk; midj;J kpjhT&uh rl;lj;ija[k; xJf;fpj; js;sptpLfpwJ vd;W,e;j ePjpkd;wk; jPh;khdpj;jJ/ jPh;g;g[iuapd; bjhlh;g[ila gFjp gpd;tUkhW vLj;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ:- @22/ ////,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 8?,d;fPH; Xh;,e;J kPJ,w';filthd brhj;J mtuJ ifapYk; mtUf;F neh;Kfkhf mtuJ brhe;j kfdplj;jpYk;,e;J gphpf;fg;glhj FLk;gr; brhj;jhf,Uf;Fk; vd;Wk;.,J tif 1?,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s thhpRfSf;fpilna,uz;L gphpt[[fis cUthf;FtjhFk; vd;Wk;. Mz; thhpRfsplKk;. mth;fSf;F neh;Kfkhf kfdplKk;,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;jhf,Uf;Fk; vd;Wk;.,J bjhlh;ghf bgz; thhpRfSf;F mj;jifa fUj;ijg; gad;gLj;jnth. fUj;Jf;bfhs;snth KoahJ vd;Wk;,d;W jPh;khdpg;gJ fodnkahFk;/ gphpt[ 8?,d; fPH;,izg;g[g; gl;oaypy; tif 1?,y; cs;s thhpRfs; tpjit. jha;. fhy";brd;w kfdpd; kfs;.,d;Dk; gpwh; Mfpnahiu cs;slf;fpaJ vdf; Fwpg;gplyhk;/@ mjw;Fl;gl;L. thhpRhpikr; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 8?,d;go,Ug;g[j; bjhif kug[hpikahf te;jila[k; vd;W cj;jutplg;gl;lJ/ 13/ chpa Mizak; (t/t/ Jiw) kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? vk;/ Mhp`g[y;yh kw;Wk; gyh;3 vd;w tHf;fpy; vGe;j gpur;rpid ahbjdpy;. thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[fs; 6 kw;Wk; 8?,d;go thhpRhpikahf bgwg;gl;l brhj;J Tl;L chpikahsh;fspd; brhj;jhf my;yJ Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;jhf fUjg;glntz;Lkh> vd;gnjahFk;/ ePjpkd;wk; gpd;tUkhW jPh;khdpj;jjhtJ:- @3/ ///,e;j ePjpkd;wk;. rp/lgps;a{/O/ ?vjph;? re;jh; brd; vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;J thhpR rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 8?,d; fPH;,w';filthf tUk; brhj;J. mr;brhj;jpid kug[hpikahf bgWk; eghpd; jdpg;gl;l brhj;njad;wp gphpf;fg;glhj,e;J FLk;gj;jpd; brhj;J my;y/ cs;sgoahf. rpwg;g[ mDkjp kDtpy; 2 Kjy; 5 tiuapyhd vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs;. nkw;go o/vk;/ JiurhkpaplkpUe;J gpur;rpidf;Fhpa brhj;ij kug[hpikahfg; bgw;wjhf xg;g[f;bfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ/ vdnt. mth;fs; mjid Tl;L epyr; brhj;Jhpikapduhf my;yhky; bghJ epy brhj;Jhpikapduhf itj;jpUe;jdh;/@ 14/ nkw;Twpa tHf;Ffspy; tFj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;s nfhl;ghLfisg; bghUj;jpg; ghh;f;ifapy;. K:y ft[z;lhpd; kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpwF. mth; tif 1