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(rpwg;g[ mDkjp kD (chpikapay;) vz;fs; 24819?24820-2019?ypUe;J vGfpwJ) fduh t';fp /// nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;
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RUf;fkhf gpd;tUkhW: nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd t';fpahdJ. 1995?Mk; Mz;oy; jpU/ ,utpr;re;jpud; kw;Wk; $P/ Rnuc&; ghg[ vd;gth;fs; Tl;lhspfshf ,Ue;j xU Tl;lhz;ik epWtdkhd jp-s;/nfhak;g[j;J}h; ncwr;rhP!Pf;F jtizf; fldhf
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3/1/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd t';fpf;F bfhLf;fntz;oa fld; bjhifia mry;?fldhsh; jpUg;gpr;brYj;jj; jtwpajhy;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd t';fp.
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Kjd;ik fldhsh;. mjd; Tl;lhspfs; kw;Wk; bghWg;g[Wjpahsh; Mfpnahiu gzpj;J. kP/k/ vz; 141-2003?,y; 11/11/2003?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l nfl;gwptpg;gpid mDg;gpdhh;/ bghWg;g[Wjpahsh;. jd;Dila bghWg;g[Wjpiaa[k;. gj;jpu xg;gilg;g[ milkhdj;ija[k; kWj;J. Kjy; jfty; mwpf;if xd;iwg; gjpt[ bra;J. tHf;if tprhhpf;f Fw;wg;gphpt[?Fw;wg;g[ydha;t[j; Jiwiag; gzpf;ff;nfhhpa[k; bkl;uh!; cah; ePjpkd;wk; Kd;g[ ePjpg;nguhiz kD xd;iwg; jhf;fy; bra;jhh;/
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120?M cld; gphpt[fs; 465. 466. 467. 468. 471. 420 kw;Wk; 419?,d; fPHhd
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3/3/ 2007?Mk; Mz;oy;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd t';fpf;F Mjuthd kPsg;bgWif rhd;wpjiHj; bjhlh;e;J. t';fp. Tl;lhz;ik epWtdj;jpd; cilikfis Vykpl;L. tpw;gid bra;J U:/38 ,yl;rj;ij tN:ypj;jJ/ mjd;gpd;dh;. nfhak;g[j;J}h; fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l
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3/5/ mry; thjpfs;. mry; chpikahshplkpUe;J tHf;Fr; brhj;ij th';fpa[s;sjhft[k;. mth;fs; tHf;Fr; brhj;jpd; RthjPdj;jpYk;. mDnghfj;jpYk; ,Ue;Jte;jjhft[k; kw;wtw;Wf;fpilapy; gzpe;Jiuj;J. nkw;brhd;d tpz;zg;g';fis vjph;j;jdh;/ tpw;gidahsh; t';fpaplk; gj;jpu xg;gilg;g[ milkhdk; VJk; itf;ftpy;iy vd;gJk;. t';fpapd; mYtyh;fs;
Kjd;ik fldhshpd; Mjuthsh;fSld; Tl;Lr;rjp bra;J mry; chpikahsuhd mth;fSila tpw;gidahsh; milkhdk; itj;jpUg;gJnghd;W. gj;jpu xg;gilg;g[ milkhdj;ij bgha;ahfg; g[ide;Js;sdh; vd;gJk; mry; thjpfspd; jug;g[ thjkhFk;/ tHf;Fr; brhj;jpd; mry; chpikahsuhd
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3/6/ fw;wwpe;j tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk;. c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp
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3/7/ c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11(<)?,d; fPH; nkw;brhd;d tpz;zg;g';fisj; js;Sgo bra;J. chpa tHf;Fiufis epuhfhpf;f kWg;g[j; bjhptpj;J fw;wwpe;j tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l cj;jutpy; jpUg;jpailahkYk;. kdf;Fiwa[w;Wk; nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd t';fp cah; ePjpkd;wk; Kd;g[ ,UntW rPuha;t[ tpz;zg;g';fisa[k; Kd;bfhzh;e;jJ/ nfs;tpf;Fs;shd bghJj; jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; Mizapd;go. ,J nkhroahd
3/8/ K/t/ vz; 1269-2010?,y; mry; gpujpthjp vz; 5?Md kw;Wk; K/t/ vz; 233-2011?,y; mry; gpujpthjp vz; 6?Md nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd t';fpa[k; c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11?,d; fPH; mjpfhu';fisr; braYWj;jp. chpa tHf;Fiufis epuhfhpg;gjw;F kWg;g[ bjhptpj;J. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l nfs;tpf;Fs;shd bghJj; jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; Mizapy; jpUg;jpailahkYk;. kdf;Fiwa[w;Wk; jw;bghGJs;s nky;KiwaPLfs;
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Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpy; gpiHg[hpe;Jtpl;lbjd;W nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd t';fpapd;
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Mifahy;. t/ep/ep/ep/f/t/ rl;lk; xU jdptifr; rl;lkhf ,Uj;jyhy;. nkw;brhd;d rl;lj;jpd; fPH; tifbra;ag;gl;l eilKiwfs; gpd;gw;wg;gl ntz;Lbkd;W gzpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ vdnt. fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;ghizia vjph;j;Jiuf;Fk; ,e;j chpikapay; tHf;F epiyf;fj;jf;fjy;y vd;Wk;. Mjyhy; ,J. c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp
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4/2/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd t';fpapd; rhh;ghf M$uhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h; jp-s;/ nfk;gphpl;$; brhy;a{c&d;!; ypkpbll;. bg';fS:h; ?vjph;?
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M$uhd tHf;Fiu"h;. o/ mwpthde;jk; ?vjph;? o/tp/ rj;aghy; (1977) 4 v!;/rp/rp/ 467; V/gp/rp/ nykpdh;l; gpiuntl; ypkpbll; ?vjph;? V/gp/ Vb$d;rP!;
JUDGMENT
(1989) 2 v!;/rp/rp/ 163; nrhgd; Rf;jpnah rg;ns ?vjph;? m!p!;bld;l; nrhpl;o fkpc&dh; (2004) 3 v!;/rp/rp/ 137 kw;Wk; kjD}hp jpU/,uhk re;jpu K:h;j;jp ?vjph;? iraj; $yhy; (2017) 13 v!;/rp/rp/ 174 Mfpa tHf;Ffspy;,e;j ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;Kot[fspd;kPJ tYthfr; rhh;e;Jepd;wJ/ 4/4/ nkw;brhd;d gzpe;Jiufis itj;Jk;. nkw;brhd;d jPh;Kot[fspd;kPJ rhh;e;Jepd;Wk; jw;bghGJs;s nky;KiwaPLfis mDkjpf;ff;nfhhp ntz;Liuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ 5/ jw;bghGJs;s nky;KiwaPLfs;. mry; thjpfspd; rhh;ghf Kd;dpiyahd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ uhgpd; Mh;/ nltpl; mth;fshy;; jPtpukhf vjph;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ tHf;fpd; r';fjpfs; kw;Wk; N:H;epiyfspd;go. kpff; Fwpg;ghf. chpikapay; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; kl;Lnk jPh;khdpf;fg;glf;Toa chpa tHf;Ffspy; nkhro gw;wp Fwpg;gpl;l rhl;Liufs;,Uf;fpwnghJ. fw;wwpe;j tprhuiz ePjpkd;wKk;. cah; ePjpkd;wKk; c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11(<)?,d; fPH; mjpfhu';fisr; braYWj;jp. tHf;Fiufis epuhfhpg;gjw;F kWg;g[ bjhptpj;jJ rhpna vd;W Kidg;g[ld; gzpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ 5/1/ nkYk;. mt;tifapy;. mth;fs;. mth;fSila tpw;gidahsuhd jpU/ vk;/rp/ fhspFl;oahy; milkhdk; itf;fg;gl;ljhf brhy;yg;gLk; tHf;Fr; brhj;Jfis cz;ikahf tpiyf;F th';fpath;fs; vd;W mry; thjpfspd; rhh;ghf Kd;dpiyahd fw;wpwe;j tHf;Fiu"uhy; gzpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ nkw;brhd;d jpU/ fhspFl;o vd;gtuhy; bjhlug;gl;l Fw;wtpay; tHf;F eltof;iffspy;. nkhrof;fhd Fwpg;gpl;l rhl;Liufs;,Ue;jd vd;Wk;. cs;sgona. Fw;w mwpf;iffs; nkw;brhd;d jpU/ vk;/rp/ fhspFl;oahy; bjhlug;gl;l Fw;wtpay; tHf;F eltof;iffspy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;Ls;sd vd;Wk; gzpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ mjd;gpd;dh;. cs;sgona Fw;wtpay; tHf;F eltof;iffspy;. tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk;. Tl;lhz;ik epWtdj;jpd; Tl;lhspfshd $p/ Rnuc&; ghg[ kw;Wk;,utpr;re;jpud; Mfpnahh;,/j/r/. gphpt[fs; 120M cld; gphpt[fs; 465. 466. 468. 471. 419 kw;Wk; 420 Mfpatw;wpd; fPHhd Fw;w';fSf;fhf jz;of;fg;gl;ldh; vd;W gzpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;lth;fs; Fw;wKW rjpj;jpl;lj;jpy; <Lgl;L. rhl;rpfspd; ifbahg;g';fisa[k;. bgUtpuy; gjpt[fisa[k; bgha;ahfg; g[ide;J. jpU/ vk;/rp/ fhspFl;oapd; ghfg;gphpt[ Mtzj;ij nkhroahfg; g[ide;J. t';fpapypUe;J fld; bgw;wdh; vd;W fw;wwpe;j Fw;wtpay; eLth; jpl;ltl;lkhff; fUj;jwptpj;J jPh;khdpj;Js;sjhf gzpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ fw;wwpe;j tprhuiz ePjpkd;wKk;. cah; ePjpkd;wKk; c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11(<)?,d;fPH; chpa tHf;Fiufis epuhfhpg;gjw;F rhpahfnt kWg;g[ bjhptpj;Js;sd vd;W gzpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ 5/2/ nkw;go gzpe;Jiufis itj;J jw;bghGJs;s nky;KiwaPLfisj; js;Sgo bra;a ntz;Liuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ 6/ gjpYiuapy;. Fw;wtpay; tHf;F eltof;iffisg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. nkw;brhd;d Fw;wtpay; tHf;F eltof;iffspy; t';fp xU jug;gpdh; my;y. Mfnt. Fw;wtpay; eLth; mth;fspd; fUj;Jiufs;-fhz;Kot[fs; vJt[k; t';fpiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;jhJ vd;W nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd t';fpapd; rhh;ghf Kd;dpiyahd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h; gzpe;Jiuj;Js;shh;/ 6/1/ Fw;wtpay; tHf;F eltof;iffSk; Tl;lhz;ik Mtzj;Jld; bjhlh;g[ilanj md;wp. jpU/ vk;/rp/ fhspFl;o?bghWg;g[Wjpahsuhy; epiwntw;wg;gl;l bghWg;g[Wjp Mtzj;Jld; bjhlh;ghdjy;y vd;Wk; nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd t';fpapd; rhh;ghf Kd;dpiyahd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"uhy; gzpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ jpU/ vk;/rp/ fhspFl;o? bghWg;g[Wjpahsuhf epiwntw;wg;gl;l bghWg;g[Wjp MtzKk; fw;wwpe;j eLth; Kd;ghf jhf;fy; bra;ag;gltpy;iy vd;W rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ Mfnt. thjpfs; nkw;brhd;d Fw;wtpay; tHf;F eltof;iffspd;kPJ rhh;t[w,ayhJ kw;Wk;-my;yJ tHf;Fiufspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l *nkhro* vd;w thh;j;ijapd;fPH; g[fyplk; njof;bfhs;s,ayhJ vd;W rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ Mfnt. tHf;Fiufspy; cs;s nkhro vd;w rhl;Liufs; fw;gidahdit. nkYk; chpik tHf;Ffs; miyf;fHpg;gjw;fhdit. nkYk;. mit jPanehf;Fld; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. Mfnt. c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11(<)?,d; fPHhd mjpfhu';fisr; braYWj;Jk;tifapy;,JbthU jFjpahd tHf;fhFk; vd;W thjplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ 7/ eh';fs; me;je;j jug;gpdh;fspd; rhh;ghf Kd;dpiyahd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h;fspd; thj';fis tphpthff; nfl;lwpe;njhk;/ 7/1/ bjhlf;fj;jpy;. Kjd;ik fldhsh;. bghWg;g[Wjpahsh; kw;Wk; kPsg;bgWif mYtyuhy; tH';fg;gl;l kPsg;bgWif rhd;wpjH; Mfpatw;Wf;bfjpuhf Vw;bfdnt fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l cj;jut[ xd;W cs;sJ vd;gJ Fwpg;glj;jf;fjhFk;/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd t';fp Kjd;ik fldhsuhd Tl;lhz;ik epWtdk; kw;Wk; mjd; Tl;lhspfs; rhh;ghf jtizf; flid xg;gspj;jJ/ Kjd;ik fldhsuhd Tl;lhz;ik epWtdj;jpd; Tl;lhspfs; tptrhaf; fld;fSf;fhd xg;ge;jf; Fwpg;ghizapid epiwntw;wpajd;go. mjpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s tiuaiwfisa[k;. epge;jidfisa[k; gpd;gw;Wtjhf xg;g[f;bfhz;ldh;/ fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jpd; Kd;g[s;s tpz;zg;gj;jpy; gpujpthjp vz; 4?Mf cs;stuhd bghWg;g[Wjpahsh;?jpU/ vk;/rp/ fhspFl;oa[k; nkw;go jtizf; fld; bjhlh;ghf t';fpapy; epYitapYs;s fld; bjhifiar; brYj;Jtjw;F jd;idj;jhnd Tl;lhft[k;. jdpahft[k; bghWg;ghf;fpf;bfhz;L. xU Tl;L flg;ghLilatuhf nkw;brhd;d xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifbahg;gkpl;Ls;shh;. nkw;bfhz;L. epWtdj;jpd; epy';fis Kjd;ik fldhsuhd Tl;lhz;ik epWtdj;jpd; Tl;lhspfshy; milkhdk; itf;fg;gl;Lk;. nkYk;. bghWg;g[Wjpahsh;?jpU/ vk;/rp/ fhspFl;o jdf;F brhe;jkhd epy';fis milkhdk; itj;Jk; jtizf;fld; bgwg;gl;lJ/ fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy;,e;j jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; jPh;g;ghiz. btFfhyj;jpw;F Kd;djhf 27/8/2003 md;nw gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. nkYk;. kPsg;bgWif rhd;wpjGk; 16/9/2003 md;nw t';fpapd; rhh;ghf tH';fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ/ Ie;J Mz;L fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dh; 27/3/2003?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l vjputhpy;yhj; jPh;g;ghizia ePf;fwt[ bra;a fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghak; Kd;g[ nkw;brhd;d jpU/ fhspFl;o tHf;fpil tpz;zg;gj;ij jhf;fy; bra;jhh;/ mJ. 12/6/2009 md;W fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; js;Sgo bra;ag;gl;Ltpl;lJ/ vdpDk;.,jw;fpilapy;. nkw;brhd;d fhspFl;o. Tl;lhz;ik Mtzk; bjhlh;ghd nkhroia rhl;Liuj;J Kjd;ik fldhsuhd Tl;lhz;ik epWtdj;jpd; Tl;lhspfSf;F vjpuhf Fw;wtpay; tHf;F eltof;iffisj; bjhLj;jhh;/ mjd;gpwF milkhdkpl;l njjpapypUe;J gjpide;J Mz;Lfs; fHpj;Jk;. fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;ghiz njjpapypUe;J VG Mz;Lfs; fHpj;Jk;. mry; thjpfs; nkhroia rhl;Liuj;J 27/8/2003?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;ghizia vjph;j;Jiuf;Fk; mog;gilapYk; jw;bghGJs;s chpik tHf;Ffisj; jhf;fy; bra;Js;sdh;/ nkw;go chpik tHf;Ffspy; mry; thjpfs; tHf;Fr; brhj;ij 30/1/1996 kw;Wk; 10/3/1997?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;ljd;goahd fpiua Mtz';fspd;K:yk; mth;fspd; tpw;gidahshplkpUe;J th';fpa[s;sdh;. mJ. jtiz fld; th';Fk;nghJ milkhdk; itf;fg;gl;oUe;jJ vd;gJk;. 30/1/1996 kw;Wk; 10/3/1997?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;ljd;goahd tpw;gid Mtz';fspd; K:yk; mth;fshy; th';fg;gl;l tHf;F epy';fs; Kjd;ik fldhsuhd Tl;lhz;ik epWtdj;jpd; Tl;lhspfshy; nkhroahf milkhdk; itf;fg;gl;ljhYk;. fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;ghiz mth;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jhJ vd;gJk; mry; thjpfs; jug;g[ tHf;fhFk;/,e;j chpik tHf;Ffspd; mry; thjpfs; gpd;tUk; ghpfhu';fis kw;wtw;Wf;fpilapy; ntz;Liuj;Js;sdh;: @m) kh/tp/ vz; 822-2002?,y; nfhak;g[j;J}h; fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l 27/8/2003?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;ljhf brhy;yg;gLk; cj;jut[,y;yhepiyaJ. mjpfhuj;jpw;F nkw;gl;lJ. Kw;wpYk; bry;yhjJ vd;Wk;. tHf;Fr; brhj;jpd;nghpy; fl;Lg;gLj;jhJ vd;Wk;. nkYk;. 6?MtJ gpujpthjp. gw;Wif my;yJ tpw;gid K:ykhfnth my;yJ ntW tifapnyh tHf;Fr; brhj;jpd;kPJ VJk; eltof;if vLg;gjd;K:yk; tHf;Fr; brhj;jpy; thjpapd; mikjpahd cilik kw;Wk; mDnghfj;jpy; jiyapLtjpypUe;J jLf;fpd;w gpd;tpisthd epue;ju cWj;Jf;fl;lisf;fhd tpsk;g[f;fhft[k;; M) tHf;Fr; brhj;ijg; bghWj;jtiuapy; 5?Mk; gpujpthjpahdtuhd Kjy; gpujpthjpahy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhfr; brhy;yg;gLk; rhl;Liuf;fg;gl;l milkhdk;,y;yhepiyaJ. Kw;wpY";bry;yhjJ vd;Wk;. mjid fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ vd;Wk;. nkYk;. 5?Mk; gpujpthjp tpw;gid K:ykhfnth my;yJ ntWtifapnyh tHf;Fr; brhj;jpd;kPJ VJk; eltof;if vLg;gjd; K:yk; tHf;Fr; brhj;jpy; thjpapd; mikjpahd cilik kw;Wk; mDnghfj;jpy; jiyapLtjpypUe;J jLf;fpd;w gpd;tpisthd epue;ju cWj;Jf;fl;lisf;fhd tpsk;g[iff;fhft[k;/@,t;thW. mog;gilapy; thjpfshf cs;s th';Feh;fs; fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;ghizia vjph;j;Jiuf;fpd;wdh;/ cz;ikapy; tHf;Fr; brhj;J 1995?Mk; Mz;L brg;lk;gh; khjj;jpy; milkhdk; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJk;. mry; thjpfs; 30/1/1996 kw;Wk; 10/3/1997?Mk; njjpapl;ljd;go tHf;Fr; brhj;ij th';fpapUg;gjhf TwpapUg;gJk;,f;fl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;/ fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l vjputhpy;yhj; jPh;g;ghizia mfw;wp. ePf;fwt[ bra;tjw;fhf 2008?Mk; Mz;oy;. mwpthh;e;j fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jpd; Kd;g[ bghWg;g[Wjpahsuhd jpU/ fhspFl;o tHf;fpil tpz;zg;gj;ij jhf;fy; bra;jnghJ';Tl. ve;jbthU rkaj;jpYk; thjpfSf;F tHf;Fr; brhj;Jfis jhd; Vw;bfdnt tpw;Wtpl;lij mth; btspapltpy;iy vd;gJk;,f;fl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;/ 30/1/1996 kw;Wk; 10/3/1997?Mk; njjpapl;ljd;goahd fpiua Mtz';fspYs;s Tw;Wg;go. mry; chpikahsh;fspd; gfu mjpfhug; gj;jpuj;ijf; bfhz;oUg;gtuhd jpU/ fhspFl;oahy; mf;fpiua Mtz';fs; epiwntw;wg;gl;Ls;sd vd;whYk;. tpw;gid kWgaDk; buhf;fkhf brYj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;whYk;. mJt[k;,f;fl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;/,jpy;,';F nkw;go fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lthWk;. 27/8/2003?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l. mwpthh;e;j fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; jPh;g;ghizahy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lthWk;. 28/9/1995?Mk; njjpapl;l tptrhaf; fld;fSf;fhd xg;ge;jf; Fwpg;ghizapy; bghWg;g[Wjpahsuhd fhspFl;o kl;Lky;yhJ. epWtdj;jpd; Tl;lhspfSk; flid milg;gjw;F xg;g[f;bfhz;L. Tl;lhft[k;. jdpj;jdpahft[k; bghWg;ngw;Wf;bfhz;L. Tl;L flg;ghLilath;fshfp. ifbahg;gkpl;Ls;sdh;/ nkYk;. nkw;brhd;d fhspFl;oa[';Tl mtUf;F brhe;jkhd epy';fis milkhdk; itj;jhh;/ tHf;FiuapYs;s Tw;Wfisg; ghprPypf;ifapy;. Tl;lhz;ik Mtzj;ijg; bghWj;j nkhrof;fhd rhl;Liufs; mJt[k; Kjd;ik fldhsuhd Tl;lhz;ik epWtdj;jpd; Tl;lhspfshy; brhy;yg;gl;Ls;sd/ vdpDk;. jpU/ fhspFl;oahy; milkhdk; itf;fg;gl;l brhj;Jfisg; bghWj;jstpy;. milkhdkpl;l njjpapypUe;J 15 Mz;Lfs; fHpj;Jk;. fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;ghizia vjph;j;Jiuf;Fk; mog;gilapy;. fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;ghizj; njjpapypUe;J 7 Mz;Lfs; fHpj;J';Tl tHf;Fiuapy; mJFwpj;J xU Fwpg;g[k;,y;iy/ fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;ghizia vjph;j;J chpik tHf;Ffs; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;Ls;sjhy;. gpujpthjpfspy; xUtuhd nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd t';fp. t/ep/ep/ep/f/t/ rl;lj;jpd; tifKiwfis kpff; Fwpg;ghf rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[fs; 18. 19. 20?I ghprPypj;J. chpik tHf;Ffs; epiyf;fj;jf;fitay;y vd;w mog;gilapy; c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11(<)?,d; fPH; mjpfhu';fisr; braYWj;jp. tHf;Fiufis epuhfhpg;gjw;F tpz;zg;g';fisj; jhf;fy; bra;jhh;/,t;tpuz;L tpz;zg;g';fSk; mwpthh;e;j tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jhy; js;Sgo bra;ag;gl;lJ. nkw;bfhz;L mit cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; cWjp bra;ag;gl;ld/ Mifahy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; ghprPyidf;fhf Kd;itf;fg;gl;l RUf;f tpdh ahbjdpy;. thjpfshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l chpik tHf;Ffs; c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11(<)?,d; fPH; mjpfhu';fisr; braYWj;jp epuhfhpg;gjw;Fhpaitah>,y;iyah> vd;gij ghprPypg;gjw;fhfntahFk;/ 7/2/ nkw;brhd;d gpur;rpid-tpdhtpidg; ghprPypf;ifapy;. c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11(<)?,d; fPHhd mjpfhu';fisr; braYWj;Jtjd;nghpy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;Kot[fs; rpytw;iwf; Fwpg;gpl;L. ghprPypf;fg;gl ntz;oa[s;sJ/ 7/3/ (nkw;fz;l) o/ mwpthde;jk; vd;w tHf;fpy;. me;j tpz;zg;gj;ijg; ghprPypf;ifapy;. mnj tifKiwia mjhtJ c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11?Ia[k;. tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;ghiziaa[k; ghprPypf;ifapy;,e;j ePjpkd;wk; gj;jp 5?,y; fUj;Jiuj;J fPH;f;fz;lthW jPh;khdpj;Js;sjhtJ: @5/ ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fl;lisia jpUk;gj;jpUk;g kpft[k; jtwhfg; gad;gLj;jpajw;Fk;. mjid ehor;brd;W tUj;jk; bjhptpf;fhjjw;Fk; kDjhuiu fz;og;gjpy; eh';fs; xUrpwpJk; jaf;f';bfhs;stpy;iy/ cah; ePjpkd;wj; jPh;g;g[iuapy; fhzg;gLk; tptukhd r';fjpfspypUe;J. bg';fS:h; Kjy; chpikapay; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;g[ jw;nghJ epYitapYs;s chpik tHf;F/ tHf;Fiufisg; bgWtjpy; cs;s rl;lj;jpd; rYiffis kpft[k; jtwhfg; gad;gLj;jpa[s;sJ bjs;sj;bjspthfpwJ/ tHf;Fiuapid tpjpKiwg;goay;yhJ fUj;jhh;e;J goj;jhy;.,J tHf;fhLtjw;fhd Xh; chpikiaj; bjspthf btspg;gLj;jhjtifapy;.,J btspg;gilahfnt miyf;fHpf;ff;ToaJk;. jFjpg;ghlw;wJkhFk; vd;gij fw;wwpe;j chpikapay; ePjpgjp epidtpw;bfhz;L. mjpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s fhuzk; g{h;j;jp bra;ag;gl;Ls;sjh vd;gij mf;fiwa[ld; ghh;j;J. c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11?,d; fPH; jd;Dila mjpfhuj;ij mth; braYWj;jntz;Lk;/ nkYk;. je;jpukhd Kd;tiut[. tHf;FK:yk; nghd;w njhw;wj;ij cUthf;Fbkdpy;. mjid c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 10?,d; fPH; Ma;e;J. jug;gpdiu Kjy; nfl;gpd;nghJ tprhhpj;J. mjid Kisapnyna fps;sp vwpe;Jtplntz;Lk;/ bray;jpwKila ePjpgjpna bghWg;gw;w chpik tHf;FfSf;F tpilahthh;////@ 7/4/ rh;r; M`g; fpiu!;l; nrhplgs; ou!;l; kw;Wk; v$Pnfc&dy; nrhplgs; brhirl;o ?vjph;? bghd;dpak;kd; v$Pnfc&dy; ou!;l;. (2012) 8 v!;/rp/rp/ 706 vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wk; gj;jp 13?,y; fUj;Jiuj;J fPH;f;fz;lthW jPh;khdpj;Js;sjhtJ: @13/ tHf;Fiuapd; Tw;Wfisf; Th;e;jhuha[kplj;J. tHf;F K:yj;jpw;fhd K:yhjhu';fis cWjpg;gLj;jpf;bfhs;tJ tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jpd; bghWg;g[kpF flikahFk;/ tHf;FK:yk; vd;gJ xU fl;lhd r';fjpfis/ mth;fSf;F bghUe;jf;Toa rl;lj;Jld; vLj;Jf;bfhz;L. gpujpthjpf;F vjpuhd ghpfhu chpikia thjpf;F mspf;fpwJ/ xU jPh;g;ghiziag; bgw thjpia bka;g;gpf;f,ay;tpf;Fk; mtrpakhd xt;bthU r';fjpa[k; bjspthd thrf';fshy; tpthpf;fg;glntz;Lk;/ @tHf;F K:yk;@ vd;w thh;j;ijfspd; mh;j;jj;ij fz;lwptJ gaDilajhFk;/ xU tHf;F K:ykhdJ gpujpthjpahy; bra;ag;gLk; VnjhbthU braiy cs;slf;fpapUf;fntz;Lk;. Vbdd;why; mj;jifabjhU bray;,y;yhtpoy;. tHf;FK:yk; VJk; te;jiltjw;F rhj;jpakpy;iy/@ 7/5/ (nkw;fz;l) V/gp/rp/ yhkpdh;l; gpiuntl; ypkpbll; ?vjph;? V/gp/ Vb$d;rP!;. nryk;,e;j ePjpkd;wk; @tHf;FK:yj;jpd;@ bghUisg; gpd;tUkhW tpsf;fpa[s;sJ: @12/ xU tHf;FK:yk; vd;gJ thjp. ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuf;fhd mtUila chpikf;F Mjutspf;Fk;bghUl;L vjph;thjkplg;gLk; xt;bthU r';fjpiaa[k; bka;g;gpg;gJ mtrpakhFk;/,J xU fl;lhd r';fjpfis mth;fSf;F bghUe;jf;Toa rl;lj;Jld; vLj;Jf;bfhz;L. gpujpthjpf;F vjpuhd ghpfhu chpikia thjpf;F mspf;fpwJ/ mJ gpujpthjpahy; bra;ag;gLk; VnjhbthU braiy cs;slf;fpapUf;fntz;Lk;. Vbdd;why; mj;jifabjhU bray;,y;yhtpoy;. tHf;FK:yk; VJk; te;jiltjw;F rhj;jpakpy;iy/ mJ tHf;F bjhLg;gjw;fhd chpikia cz;ikapy; kPWtjw;Fl;gl;ljy;y/ Mdhy;. mJ mog;gilahf cs;s Kf;fpa r';fjpfs; ahtw;iwa[k; cs;slf;FfpwJ/ mJ mt;thwhd r';fjpfis bka;g;gpg;gjw;F mtrpakhd rhd;W vjida[k; bfhz;oUf;ftpy;iy vd;whYk;. thjp xU jPh;g;ghiziag; bgWtjw;F mtiu bka;g;gpf;f,ay;tpf;Fk; xt;bthU r';fjpa[k; mtUf;F mtrpakhFk;/ bka;g;gpf;fg;glhjit aht[k; gpujpthjpf;F cldoahd jPh;g;g[f;F chpikaspg;gnjhL. tHf;FK:yj;jpd; xU gFjpahft[k; fl;lhakpUf;fntz;Lk;/ mJ gpujpthjpahy; mikf;fg;gLk; vjph;thj';fs; vJthapDk;. mjDld; bjhlh;g[ bfhz;oUf;fhJ vd;gnjhld;wp. thjpahy; ntz;Liuf;fg;gLk; ghpfhuj;jpd; jd;ikapd; kPJk; rhh;e;jpUf;fhJ/@ 7/6/ (nkw;fz;l) nrhgd; Rf;jpnah rhgps; vd;w tHf;fpy; gj;jpfs; 11 kw;Wk; 12?,y;,e;ePjpkd;wk; fPH;f;fz;lthW fUj;Jiuj;jpUg;gjhtJ: @11/ I/o/rp/ ypkpbll; ?vjph;? fld;fs; tN:y; nky;KiwaPl;L jPh;g;ghak; [(1998) 2 v!;/rp/rp/ 70] vd;w tHf;fpy; rl;lj;jpd; fl;lis 7. tpjp 11?,d; fPH; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l tpz;zg;gj;ij tpthjpf;ifapy;. jPh;khdpf;fntz;oa mog;gilf; nfs;tpahdJ. tHf;Fiuapy; cz;ikahd tHf;FK:yk; tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;sjh> my;yJ rl;lj;jpd; fl;lis 7. tpjp 11?ypUe;J btspna tUtjw;fhd nehf;fj;Jld; Kw;wpYk; Vnjhbthd;W fw;gidahf ciuf;fg;gl;Ls;sjh> vd;gjhFk;/ 12/ tHf;Fiuapid tpjpKiwg;goay;yhJ fUj;jhh;e;J goj;jhy;.,J tHf;fpLtjw;fhd Xh; chpikia bjspthf btspg;gLj;jhjtifapy;.,J btspg;gilahfnt miyf;fHpf;ff;ToaJk;. jFjpg;ghlw;wJkhFk; vd;gij mwpthh;e;j tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk; epidtpw;bfhz;L. mjpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s fhuzk; g{h;j;jp bra;ag;gl;Ls;sjh> vd;gij mf;fiwa[ld; ghh;j;J. c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11?,d; fPH; mjpfhuj;ijr; braYWj;jntz;Lk;/ je;jpukhd Kd;tiut[ tHf;FK:yk; nghd;w njhw;wj;ij cUthf;Fbkdpy;. mjid rl;lj;jpd; fl;lis 10?,d; fPH; Ma;e;J. jug;gpdiu Kjy; nfl;gpd;nghJ tprhhpj;J. mjid Kisapnyna fps;sp vwpe;Jtplntz;Lk;/ (fhz;f: (nkw;fz;l) o/ mwpthde;jk; tHf;F)/@ 7/7/ (nkw;fz;l) kjD}hp jpU/,uhk re;jpu K:h;j;jp vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wk; fPH;f;fz;lthW jPh;khdpj;J fUj;Jiuj;jjhtJ: @7/ nkw;brhd;d tifKiwapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s epge;jidfs; g{h;j;jpbra;ag;gLkhapd;. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11?,d; fPH; tHf;Fiu epuhfhpf;fg;glyhk;/ chpik tHf;fpd; ve;jbthU fl;lj;jpYk;. c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11?,d; fPHhd mjpfhuk; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; braYWj;jg;glyhk; vd;gijf; fUj;Jiuf;fj; njitapy;iy/,e;j tpz;zg;gj;ij jPh;khdpg;gjw;F Muhag;glntz;oa bjhlh;g[ila r';fjpfs; ahbjdpy;. tHf;Fiuapd; cWjpf;Tw;Wfs; kl;LnkahFk;/ tHf;Fiuapid KGikahf fUj;jhh;e;J goj;jypd;nghpy;.,J tHf;fpLtjw;fhd chpikiaj; bjspthf btspg;gLj;jhjtifapy;. chpik tHf;F btspg;gilahfnt miyf;fHpf;ff;ToaJk;. jFjpg;ghlw;wJkhFk; vdf; fz;lwpag;gl;lhy;. ePjpkd;wk; c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11?,d; fPHhd mjpfhuj;ijr; braYWj;jntz;Lk;/ chpikapay; eltof;ifapidj; bjhlf;fepiyapny Kot[Wj;Jtjw;F. ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F mspf;fg;gLk; mjpfhuk; fLikahdjhf,Ue;jhy;. tHf;Fiuapid epuhfhpf;Fk; mjpfhuj;ijr; braYWj;Jtjw;F c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11?,d; fPH; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s epge;jidfs; fz;og;ghf filgpof;fg;glntz;Lk;/ chpik tHf;fhdJ VnjDk; rl;lj;jpdhy; jilbra;ag;gl;Ls;sjh> vd;gij fz;lwptjw;F tHf;FiuapYs;s cWjpf;Tw;Wfs; KGikahfg; gof;fg;glntz;Lk;/ chpik tHf;fhdJ VnjDk; rl;lj;jpdhy; jilbra;ag;gl;Ls;sjh> vd;gJ vg;bghGJk; xt;bthU tHf;fpd; r';fjpfs; kw;Wk; N:H;epiyfspd;kPJ rhh;e;jpUf;fpwjh> vd;w tpdhtpy; fUj;J}d;wj; njitapy;iy/ tHf;Fiuia epuhfhpg;gjw;fhd gpujpthjpapd; ntz;Liuia ghprPypf;ifapy;. vjph;tHf;FiuapYs;s cWjpf;Tw;WfSk;. gpujpthjpapd; thJiufSk; Kw;wpYk; rhukw;wjhFk;/ tHf;FiuapYs;s rhl;Liufis mjd; Kfkjpg;gpy; KGikahf rhpbad vLj;Jf;bfhz;lhY';Tl. chpik tHf;F VnjDk; rl;lj;jpdhy; jilbra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ vd;W mit fhz;gpj;jhnyh my;yJ tHf;FK:yj;ij btspg;gLj;jhtpl;lhnyh tHf;Fiuia epuhfhpg;gjw;fhd tpz;zg;gk; Vw;Wf;bfhs;sg;gl;L. c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11?,d; fPHhd mjpfhuk; braYWj;jg;glyhk;/ tHf;Fiuapd; je;jpukhd Kd;tiut[. tHf;FK:yk; nghd;w njhw;wj;ij cUthf;Fbkdpy;. ePjpkd;wk; mjid kpf Kd;djhfnt Kisapnyna fps;sp vwpe;JtpLkhapd;. bgha;g;g[idthd tHf;F Ke;ija fl;lj;jpnyna Kot[f;F te;JtpLk;/@ 7/8/,uhk; rp'; ?vjph;? fpuhk g";rhaj;J nkcwy; fyhd;. (1986) 4 v!;/rp/rp/ 364 vd;w tHf;fpy;. chpik tHf;F VnjDk; rl;lj;jhy; jilbra;ag;gLfpwnghJ. vr;N:H;epiyfshy; chpik tHf;F fhytiuaiwr; rl;lj;jpdhy; jilbra;ag;gl;Ls;snjh. mjidf; Fwpg;gpLtijj; jtph;f;Fk;bghUl;L. je;jpukhd Kd;tiutpd;go. mt;tifKiwia tisj;Jf;bfhs;s thjpia mDkjpf;f,ayhJ vd,e;ePjpkd;wk; fUj;Jiuj;J. jPh;khdpj;Js;sJ/ 8/ ifapYs;s tHf;fpd; r';fjpfSf;F c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11?,d; fPH; mjpfhu';fisr; braYWj;jp. nkw;brhd;d jPh;Kot[fspy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; tFj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l rl;lj;ija[k;. tHf;Fiuapd; cWjpf;Tw;Wfisa[k; bghUj;jpg;ghh;f;ifapy;.,U fPHik ePjpkd;w';fSk; c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11?,d; fPH; mjpfhu';fisr; braYWj;jp. tHf;Fiufis epuhfhpf;fhjjpy; Kf;fpakhd mst[f;F gpiHg[hpe;Js;sd vd;W eh';fs; fUJfpnwhk;/,jpy; nkny fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lthW. fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;ghizia vjph;j;Jiug;gnj chpik tHf;FfspYs;s Kf;fpakhd ntz;LiuahFk;/ mwpthh;e;j fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;ghiza[k;. kPsg;bgWif mYtyuhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l Miza[k; t/ep/ep/ep/f/t/ rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 20?,d; fPH; nky;Kiwaplf;ToajhFk;/ (nkw;fz;l) x/rp/ fpUc&;zd; kw;Wk; gyh; vd;w tHf;fpy; fld; tN:y; nky;KiwaPl;L jPh;g;ghaj;jpw;F Kd;ghf khw;W ghpfhuj;jpw;fhf Kd;bfhzug;gLk;,e;j nky;KiwaPl;ilf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;L. mg;ghpfhuj;ij KGtJk; gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;shky;. fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l Mizia vjph;j;Jiuf;Fk; tFKiwf;TW 227?,d; fPHhd,e;j kD epiyf;fj;jf;fjy;y vd;W,e;ePjpkd;wk; fUj;Jiuj;J. jPh;khdpj;Js;sJ/ (nkw;fz;l) x/rp/ fpUc&;zd; kw;Wk; gyh; vd;w tHf;fpy; fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;ghiz.,e;jpa murikg;gpd; tFKiwf;TW 227?,d; fPHhd xU kDtpy; vjph;f;fg;gl;lJ/ cah; ePjpkd;wk; kDtpid mDkjpj;jJ/ g";rhg; nec&dy; t';fp vd;w t';fpapd; nky;KiwaPl;il mDkjpf;ifapy;. t/ep/ep/ep/f/t/ rl;lj;jpd; fPHhd ghpfhu';fis KGtJkhf gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;shtpl;lhy;. tFKiwf;TW 227?,d; fPH; cah; ePjpkd;wk; mjd; mjpfhutuk;igr; braYWj;jpapUf;ff;TlhJ vd;W,e;ePjpkd;wk; fUj;Jiuj;Js;sJ/ mt;thW jPh;khdpf;ifapy;. gj;jp 6?,y;,e;ePjpkd;wk; fUj;Jiuj;J. fPH;f;fz;lthW jPh;khdpj;Js;sjhtJ: @6/ t';fpfs; kw;Wk; epjp epWtd';fspy; epYitf; fld;fis tN:ypg;gjw;fhf jdpg;gl;l eilKiwia tifbra;a[k; nehf;Fld;,e;j rl;lkpaw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ/,r;rl;lj;jpy; tifbra;ag;gl;Ls;s nky;KiwaPl;od; goepiy cs;sJ/ mjhtJ. gphpt[ 20?,d; fPH; Xh; nky;KiwaPL jhf;fy; bra;jyhFk;. nkYk;,e;j tpiut[Kiw eilKiwahdJ. murikg;gpd; tFKiwf;TWfs; 226 kw;Wk; 227?,d; fPHhd eltof;iffspd; Jizia ehLtjhnyh. btspg;gilahf jilbra;ag;gl;Ls;s Xh; chpik tHf;fpidj; jhf;fy; bra;tjhnyh jlk;khwpr; bry;y mDkjpf;fg;gl,ayhJ/,r;rl;lj;jpd; fPHhd xU tFKiw murikg;gpd; tFKiwf;TWfs; 226 kw;Wk; 227?,d; fPH; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mjpfhutuk;ig btspg;gilahf ePf;f,ayhJ vd;whY';Tl. khw;Wg;ghpfhuk; fpilf;fj;jf;fjhapUe;jhYk;. ePjpkd;wk;. nkw;go murikg;g[ tifKiwfspd; fPH; jdJ mjpfhutuk;igr; braYWj;JtjpypUe;J jilbra;ag;gLfpwJ vd ePjpr;rl;lf; nfhl;ghL nfhUfpwJ/ cah; ePjpkd;wk;. murikg;gpd; tFKiwf;TW 227?,d; fPH; kDit Vw;Wf;bfhz;oUf;ff;Toa tHf;F,JthFk;/ nkYk; rl;lj;jpd;go tifbra;ag;gl;Ls;s brayikt[j; jpl;lj;jpd; Jizia ehor;bry;y vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsiu gzpj;jpUf;fntz;Lk;/@ 9/ (nkw;fz;l) x/rp/ fpUc&;zd; kw;Wk; gyh; vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;j ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;Kotpidr; rhh;e;Jepd;Wk;. gpd;gw;wpa[k;. mjd;gpd;dh; (nkw;fz;l) jp-s;/ nfk;gphpl;$; brhy;a{c&d;!; ypkpbll; vd;w tHf;fpy; bkl;uh!; cah; ePjpkd;w ePjpah; <uhak;. c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11(<)?,d; fPHhd mjpfhu';fisr; braYWj;jp. fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l Mizia vjph;f;Fk; tHf;Fiuia epuhfhpj;Js;sJ/ nkw;brhd;d tHf;fpYk;. tHf;Fiuapy; nkhrof;fhd rhl;Liufs;,Ue;jd vd;gija[k;. tHf;Fiuapd; cWjpf;Tw;Wfisg; ghprPypj;Jk;. nkhrof;fhd rhl;Liufs; cz;ikaw;wit vdf; fz;lwpag;gl;lJ vd;gija[k; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;/ nkw;brhd;d jPh;Kotpy; ePjpauhak; nkhrof;fhd Fwpg;gpl;l epfH;t[fSf;Fk;. bray;fSf;Fk; rhl;rpakpUg;gjhf tHf;Fiuapd; thJiuj;jpUf;fntz;Lk; vd ePjpah; <uhak; fUj;jwptpj;Js;sJ/ btWk; Tw;Wfs; nghJkhditay;y vd;Wk; fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ nkYk;. nkhro cs;sjhf thJiug;gJ kl;Lk; nghJkhdjy;y. nkhro g[hpag;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gijf; fhz;gpf;f rhd;whjhuk;,Uf;fntz;Lbkd;Wk; fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ 10/ chpik tHf;Ffspd; thj';fisa[k;. cWjpf;Tw;Wfisa[k; Fwpg;ghf nkhrof;fhd rhl;Liufisf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;L. nkhro vd;w rhl;Liufs;. Tl;lhz;ik Mtzk; Fwpj;nja[s;sd. nkYk; jpU/ fhspFl;o?bghWg;g[Wjpahsuhy; itf;fg;gl;l milkhdk; Fwpj;J. mJt[k; bghWg;g[Wjpahsuhy; epiwntw;wg;gl;l bghWg;g[Wjp Mtzk; Fwpj;J. ve;j rhl;LiufSk;,y;iy/ epWtdj;jpd; Tl;lhspfisf; Fw;wthspfshfj; jPh;khdpj;J. fw;wwpe;j eLtuhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; cj;jutpd; kPJ mjpfkhfr; rhh;t[wg;gl;lJ/ vdpDk;. fw;wwpe;j eLtuhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l nkw;brhd;d jPh;g;g[iuapYk;. bghWg;g[Wjp Mtzk; gw;wpnah kw;Wk;-my;yJ bghWg;g[Wjpahsuhy; itf;fg;gl;l milkhdk; Fwpj;njh Fwpg;g[fs; VJk;,y;iy vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;/ nkw;brhd;d eltof;iffspy; t';fpa[k; xU jug;gpdh; my;y/ fw;wwpe;j eLtuhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; cj;jut[f;F vjpuhf,d;DbkhU nky;KiwaPL epYitapypUg;gjhf bjhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/,t;thwpUf;ifapy;. chpik tHf;fpYs;s thJiufisa[k;-cWjpf;Tw;Wfisa[k; nkhrof;fhd rhl;Liufisa[k; ghprPypj;J. nkhrof;fhd rhl;Liufs; bgha;ahdit vd;Wk;. fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; jPh;g;ghizapypUe;J btspna tUtjw;fhd nehf;fj;jpw;fhfnt vd;Wk; eh';fs; fUJfpnwhk;/ Mfnt tHf;Ffs; miyf;fHpg;gjw;fhdit/ fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; jPh;g;ghizapypUe;J btspna tUtjw;fhd jPanehf;Fld; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;litahFk; vd eh';fs; fUJfpd;nwhk;/,jpy; nkw;go fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lthW. cz;ikahd chpikahshpd; gfu mjpfhuk; bfhz;oUg;gtuhd jpU/ fhspFl;oahy; epiwntw;wg;gl;l 30/1/1996 kw;Wk; 10/3/1997?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;ljhd fpiua Mtz';fspd; mog;gilapy; chpika[k;. chpikK:yj;ija[k; thjpfs; nfhUfpd;wdh;/ vdpDk;. tHf;FiuapYs;s cWjpf;Tw;Wfspd;go. mth;fs;. mth;fSila tpw;gidahshplkpUe;J tHf;Fr; brhj;ij th';fpa[s;sdh; vd;gJ cz;ikapnyna jtwhFk;/ fpiua Mtz';fisr; rhjhuzkhf goj;jhny. cz;ikahd chpikahshpd; gfu mjpfhuk; bfhz;oUg;gtuhd jpU/ fhspFl;oahy; fpiua Mtz';fs; epiwntw;wg;gl;oUg;gjhf bjhpatUfpwJ/,jpy; nkw;go fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lthW 2008?Mk; Mz;onyna nkw;go fhspFl;o fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l vjputhpy;yhj; jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; jPh;g;ghizia ePf;fp.,uj;J bra;a fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghak; Kd;g[ tHf;fpil tpz;zg;gj;ij jhf;fy; bra;jnghJ. mry; thjpfSf;F Mjuthf mth; Vw;bfdnt brhj;ij tpw;Wtpl;lhh; vd;gij mth; btspg;gLj;jtpy;iy/,jpy; nkw;go fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lthW. tpw;gidj; bjhifa[k; buhf;fkhf brYj;jg;gl;Ls;sjhfnt brhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gjhFk;/ 30/1/1996 kw;Wk; 10/3/1997?Mk; njjpapl;l fpiua Mtz';fs; epiwntw;Wtjw;F Kd;dnu. epy';fs;. jpU/ fhspFl;oahy;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd t';fpapy; milkhdk; thapyhd fldPlhf Vw;bfdnt itf;fg;gl;oUe;jd/,t;thW. tHf;fpd; xl;Lbkhj;j r';fjpfisa[k;. N:H;epiyfisa[k; ghprPypf;ifapy;. mry; thjpfshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l chpik tHf;Ffs; miyf;fHpg;git. mw;gkhdit/ nkYk;. ePjpkd;wk; rl;lj;jpd; fl;lisfisj; jtwhf gad;gLj;Jtjw;nfad;wp. ntW vjw;fhft[k; mit jhf;fy; bra;ag;gltpy;iy/ Mfnt. nkw;brhd;d jPh;Kot[fspy; Fwpg;ghf. (nkw;fz;l) o/ mwpthde;jk; vd;w tHf;fpy;.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; tFj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l rl;lj;ijg; ghprPypf;ifapy;. chpik tHf;Ffs; miyf;fHpg;gitahft[k;. mw;gkhditahft[k; cs;sjhy;. tHf;Fiufs; c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11?,d; fPHhd mjpfhu';fisr; braYWj;jp. epuhfhpf;fg;glntz;oaitahFk;/ (nkw;fz;l) o/ mwpthde;jk; vd;w tHf;fpy; ePjpaurh; fpUc&;z Iah; mth;fshy; Rl;of;fhl;lg;gl;L. kPz;Lk;kPz;Lk; xU brhy;iyf; TWk; xU bgha;ahd njhw;wj;ij cUthf;Fk; tHf;fKiw. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11(m)?,d; fPH; Xh; tpz;zg;gj;ij tpthjpf;ifapy;. ePjpkd;wj;jhy; epr;rakhf rpf;fy; mfw;wg;gl;L. tpsf;fg;glntz;Lk;/,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lthW. mj;jifa tHf;F eltof;iffs; Kisapnyna fps;sp vwpag;gl ntz;oaitahFk;/,jpy; nkw;go ntWtifapy; fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lthWk;. t/ep/ep/ep/f/t/ rl;lj;jpd; fPH; tifbra;ag;gl;Ls;s nky;KiwaPl;Lf;fhd ghpfhuj;ij KGtJkhf gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;shky;. fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;ghizia kWj;Jiuf;Fk; mog;gil ghpfhuj;Jld; Toa chpik tHf;Ffs;. (nkw;fz;l) x/rp/ fpUc&;zd; kw;Wk; gyh; vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; fUj;jwptpj;J jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lthW js;Sgo bra;tjw;FhpaitahFk;/ 11/,f;fl;lj;jpy;. chpik tHf;Ffs; milkhdkpl;l njjpapypUe;J 15 Mz;L fhyj;jpw;F gpd;dUk;. nkYk; fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;ghizj; njjpapypUe;J 7 Mz;LfSf;F gpd;dUk; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;Ls;sd vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;/ tHf;Fiufspy; milkhdk; kw;Wk; fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; jPh;g;ghiz Fwpj;J 6 khj';fSf;F Kd;dh;jhd; thjpfSf;F bjhpate;jJ vd;W cWjpgl Twg;gl;Ls;sJ/ vdpDk;. nkw;brhd;d cWjpf;Tw;Wfs; kpft[k; bjsptw;wit vdf; Tw,aYk;/ brhj;jpd; milkhdk; Fwpj;Jk; kw;Wk; fld; tN:y; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; jPh;g;ghiz gw;wpa[k; thjpfSf;F vg;bghGJ kw;Wk; vt;thW bjhpate;jJ vd;W vJt[k; cWjpgl Twg;gltpy;iy/ fhytiuaiwr; rl;lj;jpypUe;J btspna tUtjw;fhd xnu nehf;FlDk; kw;Wk; tiuaiw fhyj;jpw;Fs; chpik tHf;Ffisf; bfhz;LtUtjw;fhd nehf;FlDk;jhd; mt;thwhd bjsptw;w cWjpf;Tw;Wfs; bra;ag;gl;Ls;sd/ mj;jifa bjsptw;w cWjpf;Tw;Wfspd;nghpy; thjpfs; fhytiuaiwr; rl;lj;jpypUe;J btspnatu,ayhJ/ tHf;Fiufspy; fhytiuaiwapd;nghpy; jpl;ltl;lkhd thJiufSk;. cWjpf;Tw;WfSk;,Uf;fntz;Lk;/ Mifahy;.,e;j mog;gilapYk; tHf;Fiufs; epuhfhpf;fg;gLtjw;FhpaitahFk;/,jpy; nkw;go fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lthW. tHf;Fiufs; miyf;fHpg;git. mw;gkhdit. jFjpaw;wit. mit ePjpkd;wk; kw;Wk; rl;lj;jpd; fl;lisiaj; jtwhfg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;nfad;wp. ntW vjw;fhdJky;y/ Mjyhy;.,J c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11(<)?,d; fPHhd mjpfhu';fisr; braYWj;Jtjw;fhd bghUj;jkhd tHf;fhFk;/,t;tpuz;L fPHik ePjpkd;w';fSk; c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11(<)?,d; fPHhd mjpfhu';fisr; braYWj;jp tHf;Fiufis epuhfhpf;fhjjpy; Kf;fpakhd mst[f;F gpiHg[hpe;Js;sd/,t;tpuz;L fPHik ePjpkd;w';fSk; j';fsplk; milt[w;w mjpfhutuk;gpidr; braYWj;jhjjpy; Kf;fpakhd mst[f;F jtW bra;Js;sd/ 12/ nkw;goahdtw;iwf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;Lk;. nkw;Twg;gl;l fhuz';fSf;fhft[k;.,t;tpuz;L nky;KiwaPLfSk; btw;wpbgWfpwJ/ c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis 7. tpjp 11(<)?,d; fPHhd mjpfhu';fisr; braYWj;jp. chpa tHf;Fiufis epuhfhpg;gjw;F nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd t';fpahy; Kd;bfhzug;gl;l tpz;zg;g';fis epuhfhpj;J. fw;wwpe;j tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l,e;j cj;jut[fisa[k;. rPuha;t[ tpz;zg;g';fisa[k; js;Sgo bra;J. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l,e;j nfs;tpf;Fs;shd bghJ jPh;g;g[iua[k;. cj;jut[k; ePf;fg;gl;L. js;Sgo bra;ag;gLfpwJ/ mjd;tpisthf. nfhak;g[j;J}h; TLjy; rhh;g[ ePjpkd;wj;jpy; mry; thjpfshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l K/t/ vz; 1269-2010 kw;Wk; K/t/ vz; 233-2011?,y; epYitapYs;s tHf;Fiufs; epuhfhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd/ mjd;go,e;j nky;KiwaPLfs; mDkjpf;fg;gLfpd;wd/ bryt[j;bjhif,y;iy/ khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ cja; cnkc&; yypj; khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh;,e;jpuh ghdh;$p khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ vk;/Mh;/ c&h g[J jpy;yp. 28/2/2020/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------chpikj;Jwg;g[ @tl;lhu bkhHpapy; bkhHpahf;fk; bra;ag;gl;l,j;jPh;g;g[iuahdJ. tHf;fho. jd;Dila bkhHpapy; g[hpe;Jbfhs;tjw;F gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;tjw;Fl;gl;lnjad;wp. ntbwe;j nehf;fj;jpw;fhft[k; gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;syhfhJ/ midj;J eilKiwahd kw;Wk; mYty;Kiwahd nehf;f';fSf;Fk; kw;Wk; jPh;g;g[iuia epiwntw;wYf;Fk;. braw;gLj;jYf;Fk; mjd; M';fpyg; gjpg;ng mjpfhug;g{h;tkhdjhFk;/@