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JUDGMENT
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Mizahplnkh my;yJ gzpahshplnkh jw;fhypfj; bjhif brYj;j tw;g[Wj;jg;gLfpwJ/ gzpakh;j;Jeh; mw;gkhd fhuz';fspd;nghpy; gzk; brYj;Jtjpy; njitaw;w jhkjk; bra;tijnah my;yJ,Hg;gPL brYj;Jtij cWjpahf epiwntw;Wk;goahd mjd; bghWg;g[hpikapypUe;njh jg;gpj;JtplKoahJ vd;gij,J cWjpbra;fpwJ/ 19/ ePyfz;ld; vd;w tHf;fpy;. 1923?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpUj;jk; mky;gLj;jg;gLtjw;F Kd;g[ tpgj;J ele;jpUe;jJ. mjd;go fUj;jpay;thd tUtha; U:/1000-?ypUe;J U:/2000-?Mf cah;j;jg;gl;oUe;jJ/,e;j ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;g[s;s nfs;tp ahbjdpy;. brYj;jf;Toaj; bjhif Fwpj;j,Wjpj; jPh;g;g[ epYitapYs;snghJ. rl;lj;jpUj;jk; eilKiwf;F tUtjw;F Kd;g[ epfH;e;j tpgj;JfSf;Fk; mjd; gad; tphpt[gLj;jg;gLkh> vd;gjhFk;/ gpur;rpidf;Fhpa tpgj;J 1981?Mk; Mz;Lf;F Kd;g[ epfH;e;jpUe;jhYk;. gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; rl;lj;jpUj;jk; eilKiwf;F tUtjw;F Kd;g[ epfH;e;j tpgj;JfSf;F rl;lj;jpUj;jj;jpd; gadhdJ bghUe;jj;jf;fJ vd;W,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd;,Uth; mkh;t[ ePjpauhak; jPh;khdpj;Js;sJ: @rl;lg;gphpt[ 4. 1995?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpUj;jj;jpd; gphpt[ 30?,d; K:yk; jpUj;jpaikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gjpy; Ml;nrgid VJkpy;iy. mjd;go. fUj;jpay;thd tUthahdJ U:/1000-? ypUe;J U:/2000-?Mf cah;j;jg;gl;Ls;sJ/ fhg;gPl;L epWtdj;jpd; fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h;. 1981?Mk; Mz;L tpgj;J epfH;e;jjhy;. me;j njjpad;W eilKiwapy;,Ue;j rl;lnk bghUe;jj;jf;fJ vd;Wk;. mt;tifapy; rl;lj;jpUj;jj;jpd; gaidg;bgWtjw;F bjhHpyhsh; chpika[ilatuy;yh; vd;Wk; jpl;ltl;lkhf thJiuj;jhh;/ eh';fs; fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"hpd; thjj;Jld; xj;Jg;nghftpy;iy/,Wjpahf,d;W eh';fs; bjhHpyhshpd; chpikiaj; jPh;khdpf;fpd;nwhk;/,e;j rl;lk;. bjhHpyhspf;F gadspf;fpd;w xU rpwg;g[r; rl;lkhFk;/,r;rl;lj; jpl;lKiwiaf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;L ghh;j;jhy;. rl;lj;jpUj;jj;jpw;F mspf;fg;glf;Toa xnu bghUs;tpsf;fk; ahbjdpy;. bjhHpyhsUf;F gad; VJk; mspf;fg;gl;L. mg;gad;. tHf;F,Wjpahfj; jPh;t[ bra;ag;gLk; ehs;Kjy; fpilf;ff;ToaJ vd;gJ jpUj;jj;Jf;F bfhLf;fg;glf;Toa xnu bghUs;tpsf;fk; vd;whYk;. mg;gaid bjhHpyhsh;fSf;F tphpt[gLj;jntz;Lk; vd;gnj v';fsJ fUj;jhFk;/ vdnt. bjhHpyhsh; bgWk; cs;sgoahd Cjpak; U:/1800?I mog;gilahff;bfhz;L fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;s bjhifia. bjhHpyhshpd; thhpRfSf;F,Hg;gPlhfr; brYj;jntz;Lk; vd;W eh';fs; jPh;khdpf;fpnwhk;///@ (typa[Wj;jpf; Twg;gl;Ls;sJ) 20/ 1923?Mk; Mz;L rl;lkhdJ. gzpahsh;fspd; eyDf;fhd rK:f eyr; rl;lkhFk; vd;W ePjpkd;wk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ/ mjd;tpisthf. rl;lj;jpl;lj;ijf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;L. chpikf;nfhhpf;ifia,Wjpahfj; jPh;t[ bra;a[k; ehsd;W gzpahsUf;Fhpa gaid tphpt[gLj;Jfpw xU bghUs;tpsf;fj;ij ePjpkd;wk; gpd;gw;wntz;Lk;/ xU tHf;F,Wjpj; jPh;g;g[f;fhf epYitapYs;snghJ.,Hg;gPlhfr; brYj;jntz;oa,Hg;gPl;Lj; bjhifia cah;j;jp rl;lj;jpUj;jk; epiwntw;wg;gl;lhy;. cah;j;jg;gl;l bjhifahdJ. brYj;jntz;oa,Hg;gPl;od; msitj; jPh;khdpg;gjw;F bghUe;jf;ToaJ/ ePyfz;ld; vd;w tHf;fpy; tFf;fg;gl;l rl;l epiyg;ghl;il,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mLj;JtUk; ePjpauhak; vt;thW ifahz;lJ vd;gJ fw;wwpe;j ePjpkd;w cjt[euhy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l gzpe;Jiuapy; bjspthf,y;iy/ 21/ ty;ryh vd;w tHf;fpy;.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; K:th; mkh;t[ ePjpauhaj;jpd; Kd;g[s;s nfs;tp ahbjdpy;.,Hg;gPl;Lj; bjhifiaa[k;. tl;o tPjj;ija[k; cah;j;jpaspf;fpd;w 1923?Mk; Mz;L rl;lg;gphpt[ 4 kw;Wk; 4(m)?,d; fPHhd rl;lj;jpUj;jkhdJ. rl;lj;jpUj;jk; mky;gLj;jg;gLtjw;F Kd;g[ tpgj;J epfH;e;jpUf;ff;Toa tHf;FfSf;Fg; bghUe;jj;jf;fjh> vd;gjhFk;/ tpgj;J epfH;e;j ehns jug;gpdh;fspd; chpikfisa[k; flg;ghLfisa[k; jPh;khdpg;gjw;F chpa ehshFk; vd;gnj,e;j ehl;od; gy;ntW ePjpkd;w';fshy; vLf;fg;gl;l xnu rPuhd epiyg;ghL vd,e;ePjpkd;wk; Fwpg;gpl;lJ/ gpujhg; enud; rp'; vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuiar; rhh;t[w;W ePjpkd;wk;. ePyfz;ld; vd;w tHf;fpd; jPh;g;g[iuia epuhfhpj;J. brYj;jj;jf;f,Hg;gPl;Lj; bjhifia cah;j;jpaspf;fpd;w rl;lj;jpUj;jj;jpd; gadhdJ. mJ mky;gLj;jg;gLtjw;F Kd;g[ epfH;e;j tpgj;JfSf;Fg; bghUe;jf;Toajy;y vd;W jPh;khdpj;jJ/ ePjpkd;wk; jPh;khdpj;Js;sjhtJ: @4/ MapDk;. epa{,e;jpah mc&^ud;!; fk;bgdp ypkpbll; ?vjph;? tp/nf/ ePyfz;ld; vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd;,Uth; mkh;t[ ePjpauhak;. gzpahsh;fs;,Hg;gPL rl;lk;. gzpahsh;fspd; eyDf;fhd rpwg;g[r; rl;lkhjyhy;. jPh;g;gspf;fg;gLk; ehsd;W fpilf;ff;Toa gaid gzpahsh;fSf;F tphpt[gLj;jntz;Lnkad;wp. tpgj;J epfH;e;j ehs;Kjy; brYj;jj;jf;f,Hg;gPl;il my;y vd;W fUj;Jiuj;jJ/ vdpDk;. ePyfz;ld; tHf;fpd;,Uth; mkh;t[ ePjpauhak; gpujhg; enud; rp'; jpnah vd;w tHf;fpd; jPh;g;g[iuiaf; fUj;jpw;bfhs;stpy;iy/ Vbdd;why;. mDkhdpf;fg;gl;lthW,J mth;fspd; ftdj;jpw;F bfhz;Ltug;gltpy;iy/ mJ mt;thwpUf;ifapy;. gpujhg; rp'; jpnah vd;w tHf;fpy; ePjpah; nguhaj;jhy; tFj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l cWjpahd rl;lj;ijf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;L ghh;f;ifapy;. ePyfz;ld; vd;w tHf;fpy;.,Uth; mkh;t[ ePjpauhaj;jhy; bjhptpf;fg;gl;l fUj;J rhpahdjy;y/@ 22/ ty;ryh vd;w tHf;fpd; jPh;g;g[iuapd;nghJ. 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Mytp vd;w tHf;fpy;. nfus cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; KG mkh;t[ ePjpauhaj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuf;F v';fsJ ftdk; <h;f;fg;gl;lJ. mjpy; KG mkh;t[ ePjpauhak;. mnj nfs;tpiaj; Jy;ypakhf ghprPypj;J. nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l,U jPh;g;g[iufisa[k; Muha;e;jJ/ gzpahsh;,Hg;gPl;Lr; rl;lj;jpd; tifa';fspd;fPH; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s clw;fha';fspd; tiffspd;go fhaKw;w bjhHpyhsh; clw;;fhakile;j jUzj;jpypUe;J,Hg;gPl;ilg; bgWtjw;Fhpatuhfpwhh; vd;Wk;. brYj;jf;Toa,Hg;gPl;Lj; bjhif tpgj;J epfH;e;j ehs;Kjy; brYj;jntz;Lnkad;wp 1995?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpUj;jj;jpd; fhuzkhf brYj;Jtjw;Fhpa,Hg;gPl;Lj; bjhifia my;y vd;Wk; fUj;Jiuj;jJ/ nfus cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; KG mkh;t[ ePjpauhaj;jpd; jPh;Kot[. gpujhg; enud; rp'; jpnah ?vjph;? _dpth!; rgjh vd;w,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; ePjpah; nguhaj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iua[ld;,z';Fkstpw;F rhpahd rl;lj;ij tFj;Jiug;gjhy; eh';fs; mij m';fPfhpf;fpnwhk;/@ 23/,Hg;gPl;Lj; bjhifiaa[k;. mjd; tl;o tPjj;ija[k; cah;j;jp 1995?Mk; Mz;oy; jpUj;jg;gl;lthwhd 1923?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[fs; 4 kw;Wk; 4m. 1995?Mk; Mz;L brg;lk;gh; jp';fs; 15?f;F Kd;djhf mjhtJ. rl;lj;jpUj;jj;jpd; tifa';fs; mky;gLj;jg;gl;l njjpf;F Kd;dh; epfH;e;j tpgj;Jfspdhy; nehpLk;,wg;g[ kw;Wk; epue;ju Cdk; bjhlh;g[ila nfhUhpikfSf;Fg; bghUe;jj;jf;fjh> vd;gij Mytp vd;w tHf;fpy;. nfus cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; KG mkh;t[ ePjpauhak; jPh;khdpg;gjw;F nfhug;gl;lJ/ ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;g[s;s midj;J nky;KiwaPLfspYk; brYj;jj;jf;f,Hg;gPl;od; msit cah;j;jp jpUj;jk; bra;ag;gl;l tifa';fs; eilKiwf;F tUtjw;F Kd;ng tpgj;J epfH;e;Js;sJ kw;Wk; chpikf; nfhhpf;iffs; Mizauhy; jPh;t[ bra;ag;gl;ld. gpujhg; enud; rp'; vd;w tHf;fpy;.,e;j ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;Kotpidr; rhh;t[w;w ePjpkd;wk;.,Hg;gPl;il cah;j;jp jpUj;jk; bra;ag;bgw;w rl;lk;. mj;jpUj;jk; eilKiwf;F te;j gpd;dh; epfH;e;j tpgj;JfSf;F kl;Lnk bghUe;jj;jf;fJ vd;W jPh;khdpj;jJ/ ePjpkd;wk; jPh;khdpj;Js;sjhtJ: @17/,Hg;gPl;ilf; nfhUfpd;w chpika[k;. mij brYj;Jtjw;fhd bghWg;g[hpika[k; rl;lj;jhnyna cUthf;fg; gl;Ls;sd/ rl;lk; eilKiwrhh;e;jjhf,Uf;Fkhdhy;. mJ epYitapYs;s tHf;F eltof;iffSf;F bghUe;Jk; vd;w mDkhdkpUg;gjpy; IankJkpy;iy vd;gnj ed;F mWjpaplg;gl;l bghUs;tpsf;f tpjpahFk;/ rl;lk; epiyngwhd jd;ika[ilajhf,Uf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy;. tHf;F eltof;iffspd; bjhlf;fj;jpy;. jug;gpdh;fspd; chpikfs; btspg;gilahfnth my;yJ mtrpakhd Fwpg;g[iu K:ykhfnth khw;wpaikf;fg;gl jpl;lkplg;gl;ldth> vd;w tpdhitf; Fwpj;J ePjpkd;wk; Muhantz;Lk; vd;w nfhl;ghl;ow;Fl;gl;L. Kd;nkt[k; jd;ik kPjhd bghJg;gilahd mDkhdk;,JtiuapYk;,Ue;JtUfpwJ/ ePyp ?vjph;? ehuhaz gps;sh [(1992) 2 nf/vy;/n$/ 937. 950]/ 1995?Mk; Mz;L brg;lk;gh; jp';fs; 15?f;F Kd;g[ epfH;e;j tpgj;J bjhlh;ghd,Hg;gPl;il cah;j;jp jPh;tspf;Fk; tHf;FfSf;F rl;lj;jpUj;jj;jpd; tifa';fs; bray;tpist[ bfhLj;J. mnj njjpf;F Kd;djhfnt chpikf; nfhhpf;if jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lhy;. mjw;F bghUe;jf;Toa rl;lk; 1923?Mk; Mz;L gzpahsh;,Hg;gPl;Lr; rl;lj;jpd; jpUj;jpaikf;fg;glhj rl;l tifa';fnsahFk;/ Mdhy;. (nkw;go) mnrhfd; vd;w tHf;fpy; ePjpauhaj;jpd; jPh;Kotpd;go 1995?Mk; Mz;L brg;lk;gh; jp';fs; 15?Mk; njjpf;F Kd;g[ chpikf; nfhhpf;if jPh;t[ bra;ag;gltpy;iy vd;why;. mf;nfhUhpikahsh;fs; rl;lj;jpUj;jj;jpd; gaidg; bgWth;/ khwhf. tHf;F. 1995?Mk; Mz;L brg;lk;gh; jp';fs; 15?f;F Kd;djhfnth my;yJ mjw;Fg; gpd;dnuh jPh;t[ bra;ag;gLtijg; bghWj;nj mjd; gad; cs;sJ/,J xUnghJk; rl;lkd;wj;jpd; cl;fUj;jhf,Ue;jjpy;iy////@ 24/ ty;ryh vd;w tHf;fpy;.,Hg;gPl;Lj; bjhifiaa[k;. mjd; tl;o tPjj;ija[k; cah;j;jp 1923?Mk; Mz;L rl;lg;gphpt[ 4 kw;Wk; 4(m)?,y; bra;ag;gl;l rl;lj;jpUj;jk;. mj;jpUj;jk; mky;gLj;jg;gLtjw;F Kd;g[ epfH;e;j tpgj;jpw;Fg; bghUe;jf;Toajh vd;gnj ePjpauhaj;jpd; Kd;ghf bjspt[gl cs;s nfs;tpahFk;/,Hg;gPl;od; msit cah;j;jp jpUj;jk; bra;ag;bgw;w rl;lj;jpd; gad;. rl;lj;jpUj;jk; mky;gLj;Jtjw;F Kd;g[ epfH;e;j tpgj;JfSf;Fg; bghUe;jj;jf;fjy;y vd;W ePjpauhak; jPh;khdpj;Js;sJ/ fw;wwpe;j ePjpkd;w cjt[eh;. 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KghrPh; mfkj; vd;w tHf;fpd; jPh;g;g[iuahdJ. gpujhg; enud; rp'; kw;Wk; ty;ryh vd;w tHf;Ffspy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iufSf;F KuzhdJ vd;gjhy;,J fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;w Kd;jPh;g;g[ my;y vd,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; gpd;dpl;l jPh;g;g[iuahd Xhpaz;ly;,d;N:ud;!; fk;bgdp ?vjph;? rpgp $hh;$;8 vd;w tHf;fpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;W,f;fl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLtJ nghJkhdjhFk;/ 25/ 1923?Mk; Mz;L rl;lk;. rK:f eyk;gaf;Fk; rl;lkhFk;/ nkYk;. mr;rl;lj;jpd; tifa';fSk;. rl;lj;jpUj;j';fSk; gaDhpikia gzpahsh;fsplkpUe;J gwpf;fhjtifapy; bghUs;gLj;jg;glntz;Lk;/,r;rl;lk;,aw;Wtjd; nehf;fk; ahbjdpy;. gzpapd; Mgj;Jfis re;jpf;Fk; my;yJ bjhHpy;hPjpahd mgha';fSf;Fl;gLj;jg;gLk; bghUshjhuhPjpahf eyptile;jg; gzpahsh;fspd; Jah;Jilf;Fk;tpjkhf kypthd kw;Wk; tpiuthd mikg;gpd; K:yk; mth;fSf;F gz";rhh;e;j gad;fis,Hg;gPlhf mspg;gjw;F tifbra;fpwJ/ 1923?Mk; Mz;L jpUj;jr;rl;lk;.,Hg;gPl;L Kiwia bewpg;gLj;Jtjd; K:ynkh my;yJ gzpahsUf;Fr; brYj;jntz;oa,Hg;gPl;Lj; bjhifia mjpfhpg;gjd; K:ynkh mjd; rpwg;g[ nehf;fj;ij epiwntw;Wtjw;fhf,aw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ/ 26/ rl;lg;gphpt[ 45. 2009?f;F Kd;g[. gphpt[ 4?,d; tpsf;fk; II?,y; cs;s fUj;jpayhd tifaj;jpd; mog;gilapy; xU gzpahshpd; khj Cjpak; U:/4000-?f;Fk; nkyhf cs;sJ vd;W epU:gpf;Fk;gl;rj;jpY';Tl. gzpahshpd; khj Cjpaj;jpd; cr;rtuk;g[ U:/4.000-? vd eph;zapf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ rl;lkd;wk; gFj;jwpt[f;F cfe;jtifapy; xU rK:f eyr; rl;lkhd 1923?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; nehf;fj;ijf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;L. fUj;jpayhd tifaj;jpy; msit cah;j;jtpy;iy. Mdhy;. mij Kw;wpYkhf ePf;fptpl;lJ vd;gjhFk;/,j;jpUj;jk;. 8/ (2012) 12 v!;/rp/rp/ 540 gzpg[hpe;J bfhz;oUf;Fk;nghJ gzpapd; epkpj;jkhf Vw;gLk; tpgj;JfSf;fhd,Hg;gPl;il midj;J gzpahsh;fSf;Fk; tifbra;a[k; 1923?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; mog;gilahf cs;s rpwg;g[ nehf;fj;ij epiwntw;Wk;tifapy; cs;sJ/ xU gzpahshpd; khj tUkhdj;jpd;nghpy; fUj;jpayhd cr;rtuk;g[ eph;zapf;fg;gLtij ePf;FtJk;. mth;fshy; <l;lg;gLk; cz;ikahd khj Cjpaj;jpd; mog;gilapy; mth;fSf;F,Hg;gPl;il tphpt[g;gLj;JtJnk rl;lj;jpUj;jj;jpd; nehf;fkhFk;/ vdpDk;. rl;lj;jpUj;jk; eilKiwf;F tUtjw;F Kd;g[ epfH;e;j tpgj;JfSf;Fk; gaid tphpthf;Ftjw;Fk; rl;lkd;wk; jpl;lkpl;lJ vd;gijr; Rl;of;fhl;l VJkpy;iy/ 27/ jdpegUf;F gadspf;Fk; rl;lj;jpUj;j';fs; Kd;ehspl;l fle;jfhyj;Jf;F bghUe;Jtjhf,Uf;fntz;Lbkd;W thJiug;gjw;F ePjpkd;w cjt[eh;. tUkhd thpj; Jiw Mizah; ?vjph;? thofh lt[d;c&pg; gpiuntl; ypkpbll;9 vd;w,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuiar; rhh;e;Jepd;whh;/ mt;tHf;fpy;.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; bjhlh;g[ila murikg;g[ Maj;jpd; Kd;g[s;s nfs;tp ahbjdpy;. 2002?Mk; Mz;L epjpr; rl;lg;go,ilbrUfg;gl;Ls;s gphpt[ 113?,d; tpyf;Ff;TW. fle;jfhyj;Jf;Fk; bghUe;jjj;jf;fjh> vd;gjhFk;/ thp Va;igj; jLg;gjw;Fk; mj;jifa Ma;t[f;Fhpa tHf;Ffspy; kjpg;gPLfis tpiut[g;gLj;JtJld; vspikahf;ft[k;. Kl';fpa kjpg;gPl;Lf;fhd jpl;lk;. epjpr; rl;lk; (1995?Mk; Mz;L $^iy 1 Kjy; eilKiwapYs;sJ) mj;jpahak; XIV?M?,y; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ/ tpyf;Ff;Twpd;go. Kl';fpa kjpg;gPLfspd;nghpy; 9/ (2015) 1 v!;/rp/rp/ 1 nky;thpj;bjhif brYj;JtJ bjhlh;ghf xU njjp Fwpg;gplg;gl;lJ/ Kl';fpa kjpg;gPl;Lf;fhd mj;jpahak;. jd;dpiwthd bjhFg;g[Kiwr; rl;lk; vd;Wk;. tpyf;Ff;Twpd; tpist[. thp tpjpg;g[f;Fhpath; kPJ TLjy; Rikia tpjpg;gjw;fhdJ vd;Wk;,e;ePjpkd;wk; Fwpg;gpl;lJ/ mjd;tpisthf. tpyf;Ff;TW fle;jfhyj;Jf;Fk; gadspf;Fk;tifapy; bray;gltpy;iy vd;W jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ/ jPh;g;g[iuapd;nghJ.,e;ePjpkd;wk; jPh;khdpj;Js;sjhtJ: @30/ rl;lkd;wj;jhy; xU gad; tH';fg;gLfpwtplj;J mjid KGepiwthf;Fk;bghUl;L. fle;jfhyj;Jf;Fk; gadspg;gjw;F Vw;w tpjpia,aw;WtJ vd;gJ ntwhdJ vd;gija[k; eh';fs; Rl;of;fhl;l tpUk;g[fpnwhk;/ rl;lkd;wk;. ntWrpy egh;fSf;F gad; tH';fp. mg;gad; ntbwtUf;Fk; my;yJ bghJkf;fSf;Fk; mjw;Fhpa ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jhkYk; mj;jifa gad; v';F mspf;fg;glntz;Lk; vd;gJ rl;lk;,aw;Wgth;fspd; nehf;fkhfapUg;gpd;. mr;rl;lkd;wk; Fwpj;j nehf;fj;jpw;F gad;gLk;goahf,aw;wpapUg;gjhf mDkhdpj;J. mJ fle;jfhyj;Jf;Fk; gad; mspg;gij ntz;LWj;jyhk;/ eilKiw tifa';fs; fle;jfhyj;Jf;Fk; gaDilad vdf; fUJtjw;F,J kpfr; rhpahd tpsf;fkhFk;/,e;jpa muR ?vjph;?,e;jpad; blhghnfh mnrhrpnac&d; [(2005) 7 v!;/rp/rp/ 396] vd;w tHf;fpy; rl;lg;go mspf;fg;gLk; xU gad; fle;jfhyj;Jf;Fk; gaDilajhf bray;gLtjhf bghUs;bfhs;Sk; N:Hypy; neh;ikbewpf; nfhl;ghL Xh; chpa fhuzpahf,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;W jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ/ mnj neh;ikbewpf; nfhl;ghL. rl;lk; fle;jfhyj;Jf;Fk; gadspf;Fk; jd;ika[ilaJ vd;W jPh;khdpf;f tp$a; ?vjph;? kcwhuhc&;ou khepy muR [(2006) 6 v!;/rp/rp/ 289] vd;w tHf;fpYk; gad;gl;lJ/ rK:jhak; KGtjw;Fk; gadspf;fpd;wtifapy; rl;lk;,aw;wg;gLfpd;wnghJ. xUtifak;,y;yhj nghjpY';Tl. rl;lk; fle;jfhyj;Jf;Fk; gadspf;Fk; jd;ika[ilaJ vd;W jPh;khdpf;fg;glyhk; vd;W Kot[bra;ag; gl;lJ/ vdpDk;. eh';fs;,';Fs;s mj;jifa (mt;thW,y;yhj) ve;jbthU N:H;epiyiaa[k; vjph;f;fpd;nwhk;/@ 28/ (i) rl;lkd;wk;. xU gaid rpy egh;fSf;F tH';Ffpwtplj;J.
(ii) mJ ntWrpy egh;fSf;nfh my;yJ bghJkf;fSf;nfh mjw;Fhpa ghjpg;ig
Vw;gLj;jhkYk; kw;Wk; (iii) mj;jifa gaid tH';Ftnj rl;lj;jpd; cl;fUj;J vd;gjhf bjhpfpwtplj;J. Fwpj;j nehf;fj;jpw;fhfg; bghUe;Jjy; vd;w mDkhdk; g[we;js;sg;glyhk; vd;w,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mWjpaplg;gl;l Kd;jPh;g;g[fSld; xl;onaa[s;sbjd,e;ePjpkd;wk; jPh;khdpj;jJ/ 1923?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; fPH; brYj;jj;jf;f,Hg;gPl;il cah;j;Jfpd;w rl;lj;jpUj;j';fs; gzpahsh;fSf;F gadspj;jpUe;jhY';Tl. cah;,Hg;gPl;L tPjj;ij mspf;f mjw;nfw;w bghWg;g[ gzpakh;j;Jeh;fs; nky; Rkj;jg;gLfpwJ/ mDkhdpf;fj;jf;f tifapyhd,f;fhuzj;jpw;fhfnt.,Hg;gPl;L tPjj;ij cah;j;jpaspf;Fk; rl;lj;jpUj;jj;jpd; gad;. rl;lj;jpUj;jk; bray;ghl;ow;F tUtjw;FKd;g[ epfH;e;j tpgj;JfSf;F bghUe;jj;jf;f gaid jutpy;iy vd;W ty;ryh vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; K:th; mkh;t[ ePjpauhaKk; Mytp vd;w tHf;fpy; nfus cah; ePjpkd;wKk; jPh;khdpj;jd/ nkYk;. eh';fs; Vw;bfdnt Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sgo. rl;lj;jpUj;jk; eilKiwf;F tUtjw;FKd;g[ epfH;e;j tpgj;JfSf;F mjd; gaid mspf;Fk; rl;lkd;wj;jpd; cl;fUj;ij btspg;gilahfnth my;yJ cl;fpilahfnth Rl;of;fhl;Ltjw;F 2009?Mk; Mz;L rl;lg;gphpt[ 45?,y; vJt[kpy;iy/ 29/ 198910 ?Mk; Mz;L,uapy;nt rl;lj;jpd; fPH; brYj;jj;jf;f,Hg;gPl;oidj; jPh;khdpg;gjw;F chpa ehs; Fwpj;j rl;lepiyg;ghl;ila[k; eh';fs; RUf;fkhf Fwpg;gpl;Ls;nshk;/ 1989?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; mj;jpahak; XIII?,y; *tpgj;Jfspd; fhuzkhf gazpfspd;,wg;g[ kw;Wk; clw;fhaj;jpw;F,uapy;nt epUthfj;jpd; flg;ghL* vd;w jiyg;gpd;fPH; ghjpg;ngw;gLj;Jk; tpgj;Jfspd; fhuzkhf @tFj;Jiuf;fg;glyhfpd;wthwhd@ mj;jifa mst[f;F,Hg;gPL brYj;Jk; flg;ghL,uapy;nt epUthfj;jpd;kPJ tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ ujp nkdd; ?vjph;? a{dpad; M`g;,e;jpah11 vd;w tHf;fpy;.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd;,Uth; mkh;t[ ePjpauhaj;jpd; Kd;g[s;s nfs;tp ahbjdpy;. rl;lj;jpUj;jk; eilKiwf;F tUtjw;F Kd;g[ epfH;e;j tpgj;JfSf;Fk;,Hg;gPl;od; tPjj;ij cah;j;jpaspf;Fk; 10/ 1989?Mk; Mz;L rl;lk; 11/ (2001) 3 v!;/rp/rp/ 714 rl;lj;jpUj;jj;jpd; gadhdJ tphpthf;fg;gLkh> vd;gjhFk;/ ePjpkd;wk;. 1989?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; jpl;lKiwia kjpg;gPLbra;J. brYj;jj;jf;f,Hg;gPl;il jPh;khdpg;gjw;fhd chpa ehs; vd;gJ jPh;g;gspf;fg;gLk; ehnsahFk; vd;W jPh;khdpj;jJ/ mijj;bjhlh;e;J.,Hg;gPl;oid cah;j;jpaspf;Fk; rl;lj;jpUj;jj;jpd; gad;. rl;lj;jpUj;jk; eilKiwf;F tUtjw;FKd;g[ ele;j tpgj;Jf;Fk; tphpt[gLj;jg;gLk;/ jPh;g;g[iuapd;nghJ.,e;ePjpkd;wk; 1923?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpw;Fk;. 1989?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpw;Fk;,ilnaahd jpl;lKiwia ntWgLj;jpf; fhl;oaJld;. gpujhg; enud; rp'; kw;Wk; ty;ryh vd;w tHf;Ffspy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iufspd; mog;gilapy; vGg;gg;gl;Ls;s thJiuiaf; Fwpj;J gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ: @///////gzpahsh;,Hg;gPL rl;lj;jpd; fPHhd tifaj;jpd; jpl;lKiw.,uapy;nt rl;lj;jpd; mj;jpahak; XIII?,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s jpl;lKiwapypUe;J mog;gilapnyna ntWgLfpwJ/ Ke;ija rl;lj;jpy;. mjpy;,izf;fg;gl;Ls;s ml;ltiz K:yk; brYj;jj;jf;f,Hg;gPL rl;lj;jpnyna eph;zapf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ gzpahsh;,Hg;gPL rl;lg;gphpt[ 4. mj;jifa,Hg;gPL. bjhlh;g[ila gzpahshpd; khj Cjpaj;Jld;,izf;fg;glntz;Lk; vd;gijf; fhl;LfpwJ/ gzpahsh; kPJ,Hg;gPL brYj;Jk; bghWg;g[hpik clw;fhak; Vw;gl;l ehsd;nw vGe;JtpLfpwnjad;wp Mizah; cj;jut[ gpwg;gpf;fpd;wnghjy;y vd;Wk; tifbra;fpwJ/ gzpakh;j;Jeh; vtUk; xU khjj;jpw;Fs;,Hg;gPl;L epYitiar; brYj;jtpy;iybadpy;. gzpakh;j;Jeh; tl;oj; bjhifiar; brYj;Jtnjhld;wp chpa tHf;Ffspy; brYj;jj;jf;f bjhifapd; 50# tiuapyhd jz;lj; bjhifiar; brYj;j Mizah; cj;jutplntz;Lk; vd;W gzpahsh;,Hg;gPL rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 4?m?,y; xU rl;ltifak; Vw;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sJ/ nkw;brhd;d jpl;lKiwapYk;.,uapy;nt rl;lj;jpd; mj;jpahak; XIII?,d; jpl;lKiwapYk; ml';fpa[s;s nfhl;ghLfs; btt;ntwhf cs;sjhy; mij rkd;gLj;jptplKoahJ/////@ 1923?Mk; Mz;L rl;lk; kw;Wk; 1989?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; jpl;lKiwia ntWgLj;jpf;fhl;o ePjpkd;wk;. gpujhg; enud; rp'; kw;Wk; ty;ryh vd;w tHf;Ffspd; jPh;g;g[iufs;. 1989?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; nfhUhpikfspd;nghpy; vjida[k; bfhz;oUf;ftpy;iy vd;W jPh;khdpj;jJ/ 30/ mz;ikapy;.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd;,Uth; mkh;t[ ePjpauhak;. a{dpad; M`g;,e;jpah ?vjph;? hPdh njtp12 vd;w tHf;fpy;. 1989?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; fPH;,Hg;gPl;ilj; jPh;khdpg;gjw;fhd chpa ehs; Fwpj;J ujp nkdd; kw;Wk; fyd;o ruz; rhcw^ ?vjph;? b$duy; nknd$h;. rt[j; <!;l; brd;l;uy;,uapy;nt. gpyh!;g{h;13 (fyd;o) vd;w tHf;Ffspd; jPh;g;g[iufSf;fpilnaahd btspg;gilahd Kuz;ghl;ilg; ghprPypj;jJ/ ujp nkdd; vd;w tHf;fpd; jPh;g;g[iu 1989?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; fPH; tl;or; brYj;Jtjw;fhd tifak; VJkpy;iy vd;Dk; Cfj;jpd; 12/ (2019) 3 v!;/rp/rp/ 572 13/ (2019) 12 v!;/rp/rp/ 387 mog;gilapyhdJ vd;Wk;. tpgj;J rkaj;jpy; elg;gpypUf;Fk; gzkjpg;gpy;,Hg;gPL brYj;jg;gl;lhy; mJ epahakw;wjhfptpLk; vd;Wk; thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/,jd; mog;gilapy;jhd; gpujhg; enud; rp'; vd;w tHf;fpd; jPh;g;g[iu ntWgLj;jpf; fhl;lg;gl;;lJ/ jhHj;nj g[uapy; rugp ?vjph;? a{dpad; M`g;,e;jpah14 (@jhHj;nj@) vd;w tHf;fpy;. 1989?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; fPH;. nfhUhpikahsh; tpgj;J epfH;e;j ehspypUe;J nrUfpd;w tl;oiag; bgWtjw;Fk; chpika[ilatuhfpwhh; vd;W jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ vd,e;ePjpkd;wk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ/ jhHj;nj vd;w tHf;fpd; jPh;Kot[. mLj;jjhf fyd;o kw;Wk; bkhcwkjp ?vjph;? a{dpad; M`g;,e;jpah15 vd;w tHf;FfspYk;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; gpd;gw;wg;gl;lJ/ mjidj; bjhlh;e;J. 1989?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; fPH; jw;nghJ tl;or; brYj;j ntz;oa[s;sjhy;. ujp nkdd; vd;w tHf;fpd; jPh;g;g[iuapd; mog;gil khwptpl;lJ vd;W,e;ePjpkd;wk; jPh;khdpj;Js;sJ/ ePjpkd;wk; jPh;khdpj;Js;sjhtJ: @15/3/ ////tpgj;J epfH;e;j ehspypUe;J bghWg;g[hpik te;jila[k; vd;gnj jw;nghija N:Hypy; vLj;Jf;bfhs;sg;glntz;oa rl;lkhFk;. me;j ehsd;W bghUe;jf;Toa bjhifna tN:ypf;fg;glntz;oa bjhifahFk;. Mdhy;. nfhUhpikahsh; mt;tg;nghJ. tpgj;J epfH;e;j ehspypUe;J bjhif brYj;jg;gLk; ehs;tiuapy; epahakhdJk;. neh;ikahdJkhff; fUjyhFk;tifapy; mj;jifa tPjj;jpy; 14/ (2009) 7 v!;/rp/rp/ 372 15/ (2019) 12 v!;/rp/rp/ 389 tl;o bgWthh; vd;gnj v';fsJ fUj;jhFk;/,j;jWthapy;. nkhl;lhh; thfd tpgj;J nfhUhpik tHf;FfSf;Fg; bghUe;jj;jf;f tl;otPjk; epahakhdJk;. neh;ikahdJkhf,Uf;fntz;Lbkd jPh;khdpf;fyhk;/ tl;o vd;w nfhl;ghL mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ltpl;lhny. gzpahsh;,Hg;gPl;Lr; rl;lj;jpd; nfhl;ghLfs; epr;rakhfg; gad;;gLj;jg;glyhk;/ nkYk;. 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