6e16b243a5461e2d007b1954f302ccc5f94296ebcd9728d31e819a4396ad0232

15 Kjy; 20 Mz;Lfshff; fHfj;jpd; tHf;fkhd gzpahsh;fisg; nghynt. /////////////////////////////////////// 1/ RUf;fkhf @fHfk;@ 2/ RUf;fkhf @jPh;g;ghak;@ 3/ RUf;fkhf @1947?Mk; Mz;L rl;lk;@ mnj gzpiar; bra;Jte;jdh;/ bjh/j/ vz; 39-1992?,y; gpd;tUk; vGtpdh jPh;g;g[f;fhfr; Rl;of;fhl;lg;gl;lJ:- @gpd;dpizg;gpy; bgah;f;Fwpg;gplg;gl;lth;fisg; bghWj;jkl;oy;. jpU/tp/f/ Tl;Lwt[r; r';fj;jpd; K:ykhf. Mto,e;jpa czt[f; fHff; fpl';fpd; epUthfj;jhy; xg;ge;jk; bra;ag;gl;l 955 xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;j kWj;j,e;jpa czt[f; fHf epUthfj;jpd; bray; epahakhdjh>,y;iybad;why;. mth;fs; vd;d ghpfhuj;Jf;Fhpath;fs;>@ (typa[Wj;jpf; Twg;gl;lJ) bjh/j/ vz; 55-1993?,y; gpd;tUk; vGtpdh jPh;g;g[f;fhfr; Rl;of;fhl;lg;gl;lJ:- @xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsh;fs; (xG';FKiwg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; xHpg;g[) rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 10(1)?,d; fPH; xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsh;fis <LgLj;Jtijj; jilbra;J mwptpf;if btspaplg;gl;Ls;stplj;J. bjd;dpe;jpa czt[f; fHfj;jpd; btt;ntW czt[ nrkpg;g[ epiya';fspy; gzpg[hpa[k; bjhHpyhsh;fspd; gzpfs; Kiwg;gLj;jg;gLtjw;F chpadth> mg;goahdhy;. ve;jj; njjpapypUe;J>@,f;Fwpj;jDg;g[if tHf;Ffs; epYitapypUf;Fk;nghJ. jug;gpdh;fSf;F,ilna g[hpe;Jzh;t[ Vw;gl;lJ. 12/4/1996?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l Tl;lj;jpd; epfH;r;rpf; Fwpg;gpy; gjpt[bra;ag;gl;Ls;sgo. mjd; bjhlh;g[ilait fPH;tUkhW vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ:- @,/c/f/ bjhHpyhsh; r';fj;jhy;. mjDila 12/2/96?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l fojj;jpd;thapyhf rkh;g;gpj;j nfhhpf;if xg;ge;jt[hpik Mtzk; tpthjj;jpw;fhf vLf;fg;gl;L. mth;fspd; xt;bthU nfhhpf;ifapd;kPJk; vLf;fg;gl;l Kot[ fPGs;sthW gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ:- 1/ midj;J,/c/f/ epiya';fspYs;s bjhHpyhsh;fSf;Fk; vGj;J Mjhu Cjpak; tH';FjYk;. bjhHpyhsh;fspd; kPjhd Jiwrhh;e;j Fw;wr;rhl;oidg; ghprPypg;gJk; khz;g[kpF,e;jpa cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpd; ghpe;Jiuapd;go [mjpYs;sthwhfnt] braw;gLj;jg;gl;LtUfpwJ kw;Wk; Fwpg;ghf bjd;dfj;jpy;. kj;jpa muR. Mz;lhz;L fhykhf czitf; ifahSk; ntiy (midj;J bjd;df epiya';fspYk; czitf; ifahSk; gzp,JtiuapYk; eilbgw;Wf;bfhz;LtUfpwJ) xg;ge;jjhuh;fshf bjhHpyhsh; Tl;Lwt[r; r';fj;jhnyna,JtiuapYk; bra;ag;gl;LtUfpwJ vd;gij ePz;l fhyj;jpw;F Kd;ng ghprPypj;J xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsh;fisg; gzpakh;j;Jtijj; jil bra;tjhf mwptpj;jJ/ mj;Jld;. khz;g[kpF nfus kw;Wk; fh;ehlf cah; ePjpkd;w';fSk; czt[ nrkpg;g[ epiya';fspYs;s,/c/f/ gzpahsh;fis Jiwrhh; bray;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;LtUtjw;fhf cj;jutpl;Ls;sd/ 1991?Mk; Mz;L Kjy; Vw;bfdnt Jiwrhh; bray;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;Ltug;gl;l ntWgy mwptpf;fg;gl;l epiya';fs; cs;sd vd;w KiwaPl;od;nghpy;. midj;J mwptpf;fg;gl;l epiya';fspYk; bjhHpyhsh;fisj; Jiwrhh; bray;ghl;;Lf;Fs; bfhz;Ltu r';fk; nfhhpaJ/ nkYk;. mt;tifapy;,e;j epiya';fSf;Fk; Jiwrhh;e;j gad;fs; tH';fg;glyhk;/ ePz;l tpthj';fSf;Fg; gpwFk;. khz;g[kpF fh;ehlf cah; ePjpkd;wk; kw;Wk; cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpd; cj;jut[fisa[k;. fh;ehlf cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpnyna vLf;fg;gl;l jPh;Kot[f;fhf rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l jpl;lj;ijf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;Lk;. gpd;tUk; jPh;Kot[fs; vLf;fg;gl;ld:-

(i) bjhHpyhsh; Tl;Lwt[r; r';f';fspd; fPnHh my;yJ kw;wgoahfnth,a';fpte;j,/c/f/?f;Fhpa mwptpf;fg;gl;l v";rpapUf;Fk; midj;J epiya';fSk; 1996?Mk; Mz;L nk jp';fs; Kjy; ehspypUe;J eilKiwf;F tUk; neuo Cjpa tH';FKiwapd; fPH; midj;Jg; gyd;fSld;Toa neuo Cjpa tH';FKiwapd; fPH; bfhz;Ltug;glyhk; vd;W Kot[bra;ag;gl;lJ/ (ii) 1996?Mk; Mz;L $^iyj; jp';fs; 31?Mk; njjpf;Fs; Jiwrhh; bray;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;LtUtjw;fhd jpl;lf;Fwpg;g[ muRf;F mDg;gg;gLk; vd;Wk;. munrh my;yJ rk;ge;jg;gl;l ePjpkd;w';fnsh KobtLf;Fk; tiu neuo Cjpa tH';FKiw bjhlUk; vd;Wk; Kot[ bra;ag;gl;lJ/

(iii) ntiyg;gSit mjhtJ. ntiy tH';Fjiya[k; bgWjiya[k; 365?My; tFj;J gpd;gw;wg;gLk; gzp kjpg;gPl;L RUf;f tpjpKiwahdJ ajhh;j;jkhdjy;y vdj; bjhHpw;r';fk; Fwpg;gpl;oUe;jjhy;.,/c/f/ bjhHpyhsh;fs; r';fj;Jld; fye;Jngrp btspaplg;gLk; RUf;f tpjpKiwapd; mog;gilapy; bjhHpyhsh; Tl;Lwt[r; r';f';fs; bray;glhj,ju mwptpf;fg;gl;l,/c/f/ epiya';fspYs;s bjhHpyhsh;fspd; bkhj;j vz;zpf;if kjpg;gplg;gLk; vd;gJ xg;g[f;bfhs;sg;gl;lJ/ ntiyg;gS bgWjy;?tH';FjnyhL. epiyaj;jpy; bra;ag;gLk; midj;J bray;ghLfSk; fzf;fpy; vLj;Jf;bfhs;sg;gl;L mjid 365?f;F gjpyhf 240 ehl;fshy; tFf;fntz;Lk; vd bjhHpw;r';fk; fUj;Jiuj;jJ/ bjhHpyhsh; Tl;Lwt[r; r';f';fisg; bghWj;jtiu. fle;j 3 Mz;Lfspy; Vw;bfdnt gzpg[hpe;J tUgth;fSk;. fle;j Mz;oy; gd;dpbuz;L khj';fspy; xd;gJ khj';fs; gzpg[hpe;j bjhHpyhsh;fSk; kw;Wk; tU';fhy itg;g[epjp gzg;gpoj;jk; bra;ag;gl;LtUgth;fSkhd bjhHpyhsh;fSf;F neuo Cjpa tH';FKiw bjhHpyhsh;fspd; gyd; tH';fg;gLk;/ vdpDk;.,e;j epiya';fSf;F cz;ikahfj; njitg;gLk; bjhHpyhsh;fs; bjhHpw;r';fk; xg;g[f;bfhz;l fl;listpjpfspd;go kjpg;gPL bra;ag;gLth; kw;Wk; ntbwhhplj;jpy; ntiy bra;JtUgth;fs; cl;gl cghp bjhHpyhsh;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;Sjy; Fwpj;J bjhHpw;r';fj;Jld; fye;Jngrp epUthfj;jhy; Kot[bra;ag;gLk;/ fl;listpjpfisg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. Xh; Mz;Lf;F 365 ehl;fisg; gpd;gw;WtJ Fwpj;J bjhHpw;r';fk; fLk; vjph;g;g[ bjhptpj;jJ. mij epUthfk; ghprPypj;J,Wjp KobtLf;f xg;g[f;bfhz;lJ/

(iv) kj;jpa gz;lfrhiyf; fHfk; (k/g/f/)?,d; fPH; mwptpf;fg;gl;l epiya';fs; Fwpj;J,Wjp KobtLf;f jdpj;jdpna tpthj';fs; elj;jg;gLk;/ [bray; epUthfp (I/Mh;/?vy;)] 2/ neuo Cjpa tH';Fk;Kiw. cj;juthjKs;s Typfs; Kiw. ntiya[kpy;iy Typa[kpy;iy Kiw. gp?tif Kiw. Mfpatw;wpd; fPGs;s,/c/f/ epiya';fspYs;s ntiyahl;fs; midtiua[k; cldoahf Jiwrhh; bray;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;Ltuntz;Lk;/ [cs;sgona] jw;nghJ cs;s Kiwna bjhlh;e;jpUf;Fk; vd;gJ xj;Jf;bfhs;sg;gl;lJ/@ 2000?Mk; Mz;L khh;r;rpy; Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiw cs;s epiya';fspd; gl;oay;. mtkjpg;g[ kD (chpikapay;) vz; 404-2019?,y; vjph;kDjhuhpd; vjph;gpukhzg; gj;jpuj;Jf;F kDjhuuhy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l gjpy; gpukhzg; gj;jpuj;jpy; gpd;dpizg;g[ gp/3?Mf,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ 4/ bjh/j/ vz; 39-1992?,y; vjph;thj';fis chpaKiwapy; ghprPypj;jgpwF. 19/12/1997?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l jPh;tj;jpd; K:yk; jPh;g;ghak; mjd; ghprPyidf;fhd mk;rj;ijg; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ:- @7/ v';fs; ghprPyidf;fhd mk;rk;: jpU/tp/f/ xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsh; Tl;Lwt[r; r';fj;jpd; K:ykhf MtoapYs;s,/c/f/ fpl';fpd; epUthfj;jhy; xg;ge;jk; bra;ag;gl;l 955 xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;j kWj;j,/c/f/ (vjph;kDjhuh;) epUthfj;jpd; bray; epahakhdjh> vd;gjhFk;/@ fHfj;jpw;Fk;. bjhHpyhsh;fSf;Fk;,ilapy; vLf;fg;gl;l gpw Kot[fisf; Fwpg;gpl;Lk;. tphpthf Ma;t[ bra;Jk;. jPh;g;ghak; gpd;tUk; cj;juitg; gpwg;gpj;jJ:- @14/ Kothf. jpU/tp/f/ Tl;Lwt[r; r';fj;jpd; K:ykhf xg;ge;jk; bra;ag;gl;l 955 xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;j kWj;j vjph;kDjhuuhd epUthfj;jpd; bray; epahakw;wJ vd;Wk;.,e;j 955 bjhHpyhsh;fis Mto epiyaj;ijg; bghWj;J btspaplg;gl;l rh/M/lgps;a{/4?mwptpf;if njjpapypUe;J. mjhtJ. 28/2/1990?ypUe;J midj;J Jizg; gad;fSld; Kiwg;gLj;jp Jiwrhh; bray;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;Ltu epUthfj;jpw;F cj;jutplg; gLfpwJ/ bryt[j;bjhif,y;iy/@ 5/ mJnghynt. jPh;g;ghak; 29/7/1998?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l jPh;tj;jpd;thapyhf bjh/j/ vz; 55-1993?I jPh;t[bra;J. gpd;tUk; cj;jut[fisg; gpwg;gpj;jJ:- @////// Mfnt. xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsh; (xG';FKiwg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; xHpg;g[) rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 10(1)?,d; fPH; xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsh;fis ntiyf;F mkh;j;Jtijj; jilbra;J mwptpf;if btspaplg;gl;Ls;s bjd;dpe;jpahtpYs;s,e;jpa czt[f; fHfj;jpd; btt;ntW czt[ nrkpg;g[ epiya';fspy; gzpg[hpa[k; bjhHpyhsh;fspd; gzpfs;. rk;ge;jg;gl;l xt;bthU epiyaj;jpd; mwptpf;ifj; njjpapypUe;J Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fhpad/ jPh;tspf;fg;gl;lJ/ bryt[j;bjhif,y;iy/@ Kd;Fwpg;gpl;l jPh;t';fs;. ePjpg;nguhiz kD vz;fs; 11416-1999 kw;Wk; 12416-1999?,y; bkl;uh!; cah; ePjpkd;w ePjpauhak;4 Kd;g[ vjph;j;Jiuf;fg;gLk; tHf;Fg;bghUshf,Ue;jd/ fw;wwpe;j jdpakh; ePjpaurh; 14/8/2003?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l cj;jut[ kw;Wk; jPh;g;g[iu thapyhf jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; tH';fg;gl;l jPh;t';fs; epahakhditahft[k;. rhpahditahft[k;,Ue;jd vd;w fhz;Kotpd;nghpy; ePjpg;nguhiz kDf;fisj; js;Sgo bra;J mjid cWjpg;gLj;jpdhh;/ /////////////////////// 4/ RUf;fkhf. @bkl;uh!; cah; ePjpkd;wk;@ 6/ fHfk; kdf;Fiwa[w;W.,t;tHf;if ePjpg;nguhiz nky;KiwaPL vz;fs; 3382-2003 kw;Wk; 3383-2003?,d; thapyhf bkl;uh!; cah; ePjpkd;w ePjpah; <uhaj;jplk; vLj;Jr;brd;wJ/ jPh;t';fspy; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; vLf;fg;gl;l Kot[lDk;. mjid cWjpg;gLj;jpajpy; fw;wwpe;j jdpakh; ePjpaurhpd; fhuztpsf;fj;ija[k; ePjpah; <uhak; xg;g[f;bfhz;L. 13/12/2006?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; cj;jutpd;thapyhf nkw;go ePjpg;nguhiz nky;KiwaPLfisj; js;Sgo bra;jJ/ fHfk;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;g[ rpwg;g[ mDkjp kDf;fisj; jhf;fy; bra;J. mit chpikapay; nky;KiwaPL vz;fs; 10499-2011 kw;Wk; 10511-2011?Mf khw;wg;gl;ld/ jPh;g;ghaj;jhYk;. bkl;uh!; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhYk; vLf;fg;gl;l fUj;ij cWjpbra;J. 20/8/2018?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l bghJj; jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; cj;jutpd;thapyhf,U nky;KiwaPLfSk; js;Sgo bra;ag;gl;Ls;sd/ 7/ mtkjpg;g[ kD (chpikapay;) vz; 754-2019?MdJ. vh;zhFsj;jpYs;s nfus cah; ePjpkd;wk;5 Kd;g[ ePjpg;nguhiz kD vz; 14786-2013?,y; cs;s mtkjpg;g[ kDjhuh;fshy; (jphpr;N:h; $py;yh b$duy; k!;J}h; r';f; kw;Wk; gyh;) jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l ePjpg;nguhiz kD bjhlh;ghf chpikapay; nky;KiwaPL vz; 7961-2014?,y;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l mnj njjpaplg;gl;l (mjhtJ 20/8/2018) jdp jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; cj;jutpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ mjpy; gpd;tUk; ghpfhu';fs; ntz;lg;gLfpwJ:- 5/ RUf;fkhf. @nfus cah; ePjpkd;wk;@ @(i) thjp rhd;whtzk; 1?I braw;gLj;Jtjw;F jPtpu eltof;iffs; vLf;FkhW 5?MtJ gpujpthjpf;F braYWj;Jk; ePjpg;nguhizf; fl;lisaplt[k;;

(ii) jphpr;N:h;. K:yFd;dj;Jfht[ypYs;s,/c/f/ epiyaj;jpy; cs;s neuo Cjpa tH';FKiwapYs;s bjhHpyhsh;fs; Kiwg;gLj;jg;gLtjw;Fhpath;fs;. nkYk;. mth;fs; Jiwrhh;e;j bjhHpyhsh;fspd; Cjpak; kw;Wk; gpw gzpg; gyd;fisa[k; bgWtjw;Fhpath;fs; vd;W mwptpf;ft[k;/////@ jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; tH';fg;gl;l cj;jut[fs; nghjpastpy; filg;gpof;fg;gl;lJ vd;gijf; fz;lwpe;jjd;nghpy;. 4/9/2013?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; cj;jutpd;K:yk; fw;wwpe;j jdpakh; ePjpauruhy;. nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l ePjpg;nguhiz kD js;Sgo bra;ag;gl;lJ/ nkYk;. bjhHpyhsh;fs; nfushtpYs;s fpl';Ffspy; Jiwthhpahf ntiyf;F mkh;j;jg;glntz;Lbkd;W jPh;tj;jpy; ve;jf; Fwpg;g[k;,y;iy vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ/ kdf;Fiwa[w;W. mtkjpg;g[ kDjhuh;fs; nfus cah; ePjpkd;wk; Kd;g[ ePjpg;nguhiz nky;KiwaPL vz; 1746-2013?I jhf;fy; bra;jdh;.,J ePjpg;nguhiz nky;KiwaPL vz; 2491-2009?,y; cWjp bra;ag;gl;lgo. K/k/ vz; 14360-1999?,y; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l fl;lisfspd;go mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ/ jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; tH';fg;gl;l jPh;tj;ij braw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf jiy Rikj; bjhHpyhsh; fh';fpu!hy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l kDtpy;. K/k/ vz; 14360-1999?,y; nfus cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; Vw;g[ila cj;jut[ gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;lJ/ me;j ePjpg;nguhiz kDtpy;. @(m) thjp rhd;whtzk; 1?I braw;gLj;Jtjw;F jPtpu eltof;iffis vLf;FkhW 2?MtJ gpujpthjpf;F braYWj;Jk; ePjpg;nguhiz fl;lisapLjy;; (M),/c/f/?,d; midj;J fpl';Ffs; kw;Wk; epiya';fspy;. Fwpg;ghf. nfushtpy;. bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;jp. neuo Cjpa tH';FKiwapd; fPH; cldoahff; bfhz;Ltuj; jPh;khdpj;jy;; vd;Wkhd ghpfhu';fs; nfhug;gl;ld/@ nkw;fz;l ePjpg;nguhiz kDthdJ 22/9/2009?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; cj;jutpd;K:yk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ/ kdf;Fiwa[w;W. vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;?fHfk; nfus cah; ePjpkd;wk; Kd;g[ ePjpg;nguhiz nky;KiwaPL vz; 2491-2009?I jhf;fy; bra;jJ. mJ. 15/2/2010?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; cj;jutpd;K:yk; js;Sgo bra;ag;gl;lJ/ nkw;go jPh;Koit vjph;j;J fHfk;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;g[ rpwg;g[ mDkjp kDitj; jhf;fy; bra;jJ. mJ chpikapay; nky;KiwaPL vz; 10530-2011?Mf khw;wg;gl;L. nkny Fwpg;gplg;gl;l chpikapay; nky;KiwaPL vz; 7961-2014?cld;,e;j ePjpkd;wj;jpd; 20/8/2018 njjpaplg;gl;l bghJj; jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; cj;jutpd; K:yk; js;Sgo bra;ag;gl;lJ/ 8/ nky;KiwaPLfs; js;Sgo bra;ag;gl;L. jPh;tj;ij cWjpg;gLj;j nfus cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l ePjpg;nguhiz cl;gl jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; tH';fg;gl;l jPh;tk; cWjpbra;ag;gl;lnghjpYk;. vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd fHfk; mjid vjph;f;f ve;j Kaw;rpa[k; vLf;ftpy;iy.,J mtkjpg;g[ kDjhuh;fis. vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd fHfk; kw;Wk; mjd; mjpfhhpfSf;F vjpuhf mtkjpg;g[ eltof;ifbaLf;f,e;j ePjpkd;wj;ij mQqfj; J}z;oaJ/ 9/ neuo Cjpa tH';FKiwapd; fPH;. nkny Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s,U tHf;FfspYk; jug;gpdh;fshf cs;s jFjpa[s;s CHpah;fis Vw;bfdnt Kiwg;gLj;jpapUg;gjhft[k;. nkw;bfhz;L vJt[k; bra;aj;njitapy;iy vd;Wk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd fHfk; thjpl;Ls;sJ. xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsh; Kiwia xHpj;jgpwF.,U tHf;FfspYk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l CHpah;fis Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fl;gl;nl nfhhpf;ifapUe;jJ vd;W typa[Wj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ/ fHfj;jpy; eilKiwapYs;s Kiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh;fSf;fhd Fwpg;gpl;lKiw vjdpd; fPGk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l CHpah;fisr; nrh;j;Jf;bfhs;s ve;j ntz;Liua[k;,y;iy/ fHfk;. bjhHpyhsh;fis gzpakh;j;jpf;bfhs;s ehd;F Kiwfis mjhtJ (i) Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiw.

(ii) neuo Cjpa tH';FKiw.

(iii) ntiy?,y;iy?rk;gsk;?,y;iy Kiw kw;Wk; (iv) To ntiybra;a[k; Kiw

Mfpatw;iwf; ifahSfpwJ/ xU Fwpg;gpl;l Kiwapd; fPH; Kiwg;gLj;Jjy; vd;w Fwpj;jtifg; ghpfhuk; nfl;L 12/4/1996?Mk; njjpad;whd Tl;lj;jpy; cld;gof;if Vw;gl;l gpwFk;. rk;ge;jg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fnsh my;yJ bjhHpw;r';f';fnsh tHf;Fiuiaj; jpUj;jk; bra;a ve;j eltof;iffSk; vLf;ftpy;iy/ Fwpj;jtifg; ghpfhuk; vJt[k;,y;yhjepiyapy;. vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;. tHf;Ffs; epYitapy;,Uf;Fk;nghJ. neuo Cjpa tH';FKiwapd; (ne/C/K/) fPH; bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;jpaJ/ 1973?Mk; Mz;L Kjy; neuo Cjpa tH';FKiw (ne/C/K/) cs;sJ vd;gij kWg;gjw;fpy;iy/,J.,e;jpa czt[f; fHf bjhHpyhsh;fs; ?vjph;? jp-s;/,e;jpa czt[f; fHfk;6 kw;Wk; rkPgj;jpa </v!;/I/ fhh;g;gnuc&d; ?vjph;?,/c/f/ bjhHpyhsh;fs; r';fk; kw;Wk; gyh;7 Mfpa,e;j ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;Kot[fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ 1991 Kjy; xg;ge;jg; gzpahsh;fs; Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiwapd; fPH; Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;oUf;ftpy;iy.,Ue;jhYk; rpy neuo Cjpa tH';FKiw (ne/C/K/) bjhHpyhsh;fSk;. *gp?gphpt[* bjhHpyhsh;fSk; fHfj;jhy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l nky;KiwaPLfs; epYitapy;,Ue;jnghJ jPh;t[fs; Vw;gl;lijj; bjhlh;e;J. Fwpg;gpl;l jPh;t';fs;-ePjpkd;w cj;jut[fSf;fpz';f 1994 kw;Wk; 1997?,y; Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiwapd; fPH; bfhz;Ltug;gl;ldh;/ 11/11/2013?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l fojj;jpd;go,e;jpa murh';fj;jhy; btspaplg;gl;l rkPgj;jpa bfhs;if tHpfhl;Ljy;fs;. xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsh;fs; ntiy?,y;iy?rk;gsk;?,y;iy Kiwapd; fPH; kl;Lnk Kiwg;gLj;jg;glntz;Lk; vd;gij re;njfj;jpw;fplkpd;wp cWjpbra;fpwJ/ fHfj;jhy;,af;fg;gLk; 1800 epiya';fspy;. 1500?f;Fk; nkw;gl;l epiya';fs; xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsh; Kiwapd; fPH;,a';fptUfpwJ. xU,yl;rj;Jf;Fk; 6/ (1985) 2 v!;/rp/rp/ 136 7/ chpikapay; nky;KiwaPL vz;fs; 8841?8842-2019 19/11/2019 md;W Kot[ bra;ag;gl;ld/ nkw;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fSf;F ntiytha;g;g[ mspf;fg;gl;oUg;gJld;. bkhj;j Kiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh;fspy; 50# neuo Cjpa tH';FKiwapd; (ne/C/K/) fPH; gzpg[hpfpd;wdh; vd;gJ fHfj;jpd; tHf;F tptukhFk;/ 31/12/2019 md;whd K:d;W btt;ntW gphpt[fspd; fPH; Kiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Fwpj;J jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpsf;f ml;ltiz gpd;tUkhW:bjhHpyhsh; tif epiya';fspd; vz;zpf;if Ml;fspd; epiy Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiw (J/bjh/K/) 56 10860 neuo Cjpa tH';F Kiw (ne/C/K/) 155 1942[7] ntiy?,y;iy?rk;gsk;?,y;iy (nt/,/r/,/) 85 6427 bkhj;jk; 295 36714,J.,uz;L tHf;Ffspy; rk;ge;jg;gl;Ls;s bjhHpyhsh;fs; kl;Lk; neuo Cjpa tH';FKiwapy; (ne/C/K/) Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;oUe;jhw;nghd;W,y;iy/,e;jKiwapy; 1942[7] bjhHpyhsh;fs; cs;sdh;.,jw;Fkhwhf. Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; mikg;gpy; 10860 bjhHpyhsh;fs; cs;sdh;/ fHfj;jhy; Kiwahfg; gzpapykh;j;jg;gLgth;fSf;Fj;jhd; neuo Cjpa tH';FKiwapd; (ne/C/K/) fPHhd gzpg; gad;fs; tH';fg;gLfpwnjad;wp. xg;ge;jk; my;yJ ehl;Typ mog;gilapy; mkh;j;jg;gLgth;fSf;F my;y vd;Dk; r';fjpiar; Rl;of;fhl;Lfpd;wd/ neuo Cjpa tH';F Kiwapd; (ne/C/K/) fPH; gzpg; gad;fspd; Kf;fpaf;TWfs; gpd;tUkhW:- @ne/C/K/?,d; fPHhd gzpg; gad;fs;: ne/C/K/ bjhHpyhsh;fSila Kjd;ikahd gzpg; gad;fs; fPH;f;fhQqkhW rpwg;g[w vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ: i/ 1946?Mk; Mz;L bjhHpw;rhiy gzp epiy Mizfs; rl;lj;jpd; fPHhd Kd;khjphp epiyahizfshy; ne/C/K/ bjhHpyhsh;fs; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wdh;/ ii/ ne/C/K/ bjhHpyhsh;fs; epue;jukhft[k;. Kiwahft[k; ntiyf;F mkh;j;jg;gl;lth;fs;. Mjyhy;.,/c/f/?,d; Jiwrhh;e;j CHpah;fshft[k;. gzpK:g;g[ Xa;t[bgWk; taJ 60?Mft[k;,Ug;gjhy;. ne/C/K/ bjhHpyhsh;fs; gzpf;fhyg; ghJfhg;iga[k; mDgtpf;fpd;wdh;/ iii/ 04-13/3/2003 njjpaplg;gl;l,/c/f/ jiyikafr; Rw;wwpf;if vz; 4-2003?,y; mwptpf;fg;gl;l,e;jpa murpd; bfhs;ifapd;go ne/C/K/ gzpahshpd; rl;lg;g{h;t thhpRfs; mtuJ kuzj;jpd;nghpy; fUiz mog;gilapyhd gzp epakdj;jpw;Fj; jFjpa[ilath;fs; Mth;/ iv/ kj;jpa murhy; mwptpf;fg;gl;l cWjpahd Fiwe;jgl;r cj;juthj Cjpaj;jpw;Fl;gl;L. fHfj;jpd; K:yk; neuoahf bjhHpyhsh;fSf;F khj Cjpak; tH';fg;gLfpwJ/ Mjyhy;. xU ne/C/K/ bjhHpyhsh; mjpfkhd ntiyiaf; ifahSk;nghJ. me;j ntiyastpd; mog;gilapy; mjpf khj Cjpak; bgWfpwhh;. Mdhy;. epiyaj;jpy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l khjj;jpy; ntiy,y;yhjnghJ my;yJ nghJkhd ntiy,y;yhjnghJ. ne/C/K/ bjhHpyhsh;fSf;F cWjpahd Fiwe;jgl;r cj;juthj Cjpak; tH';fg;gLfpwJ/ v/ ne/C/K/ bjhHpyhsh;fs;. Cjpaj;Jld; Toa thu tpLKiw. 3 njrpa tpLKiwfs; cl;gl 6 tpLKiwfs;. Mz;blhd;Wf;F 10 RftPd tpLg;g[ (40 ehl;fs; tiu nrh;j;jy;). Mz;blhd;Wf;F 15 ehl;fs; tiu @Cjpakpy;yh tpLg;g[@.,/c/f/ g';fspg;g[ Xa;t{jpa epjp (rp/gp/v`g;) jpl;lj;jpd; fPH; g';fspg;g[ Xa;t{jpa epjp. kpif Cjpak; bfhLj;jy; rl;l tpjpapd;go kpif Cjpaj;Jf;Fg; gjpyhf fUiza[jtpj; bjhif Mfpatw;Wf;Fj; jFjpa[ilath;fshth;/ vi/,/c/f/ gzpj; jiyikafj;jhy; mt;tg;nghJ bray;jpwDf;fhf mwptpf;fg;gLk; Cf;fj; bjhiff;Fk; ne/C/K/ bjhHpyhsh;fs; jFjpa[ilath;fshth;/ vii/ filfs; kw;Wk; epWtdr; rl;lj;jpypUe;J chpa mjpfhhpahy; tpyf;F mspf;fg;gl;oUe;jhy; my;yJ me;jr; rl;lk; bghUe;jhjtplj;J. filfs; kw;Wk; epWtdr; rl;lk; my;yJ 1/1 kzpneu tUkhdj;jpd;go mDkjpf;fg;gLk; kpFjpneu goj;bjhiff;F ne/C/K/ bjhHpyhsh;fs; jFjpa[ilath;fshth;/ viii/ mt;tg;nghJ bghUe;Jfpw,/c/f/ mwpt[Wj;jy;fspd;go tpHhf;fhy Kd;gzk; bgw ne/C/K/ bjhHpyhsh; jFjpa[ilatuhthh;/ ix/ mwptpg;g[j; njjpapypUe;J 1972?Mk; Mz;L gzpf;bfhil rl;lj;jpd;go gzpf;bfhil bgw ne/C/K/ gzpahsh; x/ bjhHpyhsh;,Hg;gPl;Lr; rl;lj;jpd;go bjhHpyhsh;,Hg;gPL bgw ne/C/K/ bjhHpyhsh; jFjpa[ilatuhthh;/ xi/ ne/C/K/ bjhHpyhsh;,/c/f/ jpl;lj;jpd;go ey epjpf;Fk; xii/ ne/C/K/ bjhHpyhsh; mt;tg;nghJ tH';fg;gLk; fHfj;jpd; mwpt[Wj;jy;fspd;go. mth;fs; j';fspd; gFjpkz;lyj;jpw;Fs;Sk; kw;Wk; mjw;F btspnaa[k; gzpkhWjyhFk;nghJ. gzpkhWjy; khdpak;-bghjpf;fl;L goj;bjhiff;Fk;. khWjy; bgw;w gzpapy; nrUtjw;fhd fhy mtfhrj;Jf;Fk; jFjpa[ilath;fshth;/@ nkYk;. jw;nghJ Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiw mHpe;JtUk; epiyapYs;s gzpg;gphpthf mwptpf;f fHfj;jpw;F mwpt[Wj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ/ 2014?Mk; Mz;L Mf!;L khjj;jpy;,e;jpa murh';fj;jhy; mikf;fg;gl;l cah;kl;lf; FGtpdhy; bra;ag;gl;l ghpe;Jiuapd; mog;gilapy;.,e;jpa murh';fj;jhy; rkPgj;jpy; 3/1/2020 md;W mJ mt;thwhf mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ nkYk;. gk;gha; cah; ePjpkd;w ehf;g{h; mkh;thy; jd;dpr;irahfg; gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l bgh/e/t/ vz; 84-2014?,y; 20/11/2015 njjpaplg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; cj;jutpd;K:yk; tH';fg;gl;l fl;lisfspd; fhuzkhf,J jtph;f;fKoahjjhdJ.,J rp/m/k/ (c) vz; 19218-2016 kw;Wk; bjhlh;g[ila tHf;Ffspy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l 31/7/2017?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; cj;jutpd;thapyhf,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; cWjp bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ/ vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; gPfhh; khepy muR kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? gPfhh; cah;epiy Mrphpah;fs; nghuhl;lf; FG. K";b$h; kw;Wk; gyh;8 vd;w tHf;fpidr; rhh;e;Jepd;whh;/,jpy; epUthfk; xU';fpize;j bfhs;if xd;iw Vw;Wf;bfhs;fpwnghJk;. ePjpj;Jiw jiyaPl;L eltof;ifapd; K:yk; VJk; fl;lisfs; tH';fg;gl;lhy;. mJ kpfg;bghpa Vw;wj;jhH;it cUthf;fp. tut[ bryt[j; jpl;l";rhh;e;j ts';fspy; bgUk; jhf;fj;jj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;/ cz;ikapnyna.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; murikg;g[ mkh;t[ !;Oy; mj;jhhpl;o M`g;,e;jpah ypkpbll; kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? nec&dy; a{dpad; thl;lh;`gpuz;l; bthh;fh;!; kw;Wk; gyh;9 ?,y;. xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsh; Kiwia,uj;J bra;jgpwF xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsh;fis ntiyf;F vLf;fj; njitapy;iy vd;W Twpa[s;sJ/ vJ vg;goapUe;jhYk;. fHfk;,yhgk; <l;Lk; epWtdky;y/,J 1964?Mk; Mz;L ////////////////////////////// 8/ (2019) 8 !;nfy; 124 9/ (2001) 7 v!;/rp/rp/ 1 (murikg;g[ mkh;t[) czt[f; fHfr; rl;l tpjpfspd; fPH; epWtg;gl;ljhFk; kw;Wk; czt[ jhdpa';fspd; kw;Wk; gpw czt[g; bghUl;fspd; bfhs;Kjy;. nrkpg;g[.,lkhw;wk;. nghf;Ftuj;J. tpepnahfk; kw;Wk; tpw;gid Mfpatw;iw nkw;bfhs;tnj,jd; Kjd;ikahd gzpahFk;/,J,e;jpa murh';fj;jpd; czt[f; bfhs;ifia eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd xU KfikahFk;.,J tptrhapfspd; tpisbghUl;fSf;F,yhgfukhd tpiyia (Fiwe;jgl;r Mjut[ tpiy) cWjp bra;tjd;K:yk;. mth;fSf;F ghJfhg;gspg;gnjhL. 2013?Mk; Mz;L njrpa czt[g; ghJfhg;g[r; rl;lk; kw;Wk; gpw eyj;jpl;l';fspd; fPH; mjpf khdpa tpiyapy; czt[ jhdpa';fis tH';Ftjd; K:yk; xnu rkaj;jpy; twpa Efh;nthhpd; eyd;fSf;Fg; ghJfhg;gspf;fpwJ vd;gijf; fUj;Jiuf;fpwJ/ Mz;blhd;Wf;F U:/1/50,yl;rk; nfhof;F nky; czt[ khdpak; tH';fg;gLfpwJ/ fHfj;jpYs;s Kiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh;fs; midtUk; Jiwrhh;e;j bjhHpyhsh; Kiwapd; fPH; bfhz;Ltug;gLthh;fshapd;. bghJ fUt{yj;jpw;F Mz;blhd;Wf;F U:/3.000 nfho tiu bjhlh; bghWg;g[hpikahf,Uf;Fk; kw;Wk; 2003?Mk; Mz;L Kjy; epYitj; bjhif tH';fg;gLkhdhy;. U:/40.000-? nfhof;F nky; TLjy; epjpr;Rik Vw;gLk; vd;W bjhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ neuo Cjpa tH';FKiwapd; (ne/C/K/) fPGs;s CHpah;fSf;Fk;. Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiwapd; fPH; gzpg[hpgth;fSf;Fk;,ilapyhd Cjpa rkepiy bjhlh;ghd gpur;rpid. Kk;ig njrpa bjhHpw;Jiw jPh;g;ghaj;jpd; Kd;g[ bjh/j/ vz; 1-2003?,y; jPh;g;g[f;fhf epYitapy; cs;sJ vd;gJ typa[Wj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ/,Wjpahf. Fwpj;jDg;g[if eltof;iffspy; bjspthd fl;lisfs;,y;yhjepiyapy;. elg;gpYs;s bfhs;ifapd;go. vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;. mjd; epWtd mikg;g[ Kiwapd; xU gFjpahf 1973 Kjy; eilKiwapYs;s neuo Cjpa tH';FKiw (ne/C/K/)?,d; fPH; kl;Lnk rk;ge;jg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;j Koa[k; vd;W typa[Wj;jg;gLfpwJ/ Mfnt.,J epr;rakhf fPH;g;ghoahikf;fhd tHf;fy;y vd;whYk;.,J,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l cj;jutpid jd;dpr;irahfnth my;yJ ntz;Lbkd;nwh fPH;g;goahiknaahFk;/ jpndc&; Fkhh; Fg;jh ?vjph;? a[idbll;,e;jpah,d;N:ud;!; fk;bgdp ypkpbll; kw;Wk; gyh;10. gPfhh; khepy muR cah;epiyg; gs;sp Mrphpah;fs; fHfk; ?vjph;? mnrhf; Fkhh; rpd;cwh kw;Wk; gyh;11 kw;Wk; jpndc&d; nf/nf/ ?vjph;? Mh;/nf/ rp'; kw;Wk; xUth;12 vd;w tHf;Ffspd;kPJ rhh;t[wg;gl;Ls;sJ/ vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; fhuz';nfhUk; mwptpg;ig(fis),uj;J bra;antz;Lk; vd;W ntz;Lfpd;wdh;/ 10/ vdpDk;. jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; tH';fg;gl;lJk;.,e;ePjpkd;wk; cl;gl bkl;uh!; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; cWjp bra;ag;gl;lJkhd cj;jut[ bjspthf cs;sJ vd kDjhuh;fs; gzpe;Jiuj;Js;sdh;/ me;je;jj; jPh;tj;jpy;-jPh;g;g[iuapy;. jPh;g;ghaj;jhYk;. bkl;uh!; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhYk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s gpw tHf;Ffspy; bra;ag;gl;Ls;sijg;nghd;W. Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiwapy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F vjph;kDjhuuhd fHfj;ij,J typa[Wj;JfpwJ/ 1992 kw;Wk; 1993?,y; bjhHpyhsh;fs; r';fk;-bjhHpyhsh;fshy; gpur;rpid vGg;gg;gl;lepiyapy;. neuo Cjpa tH';FKiw (ne/C/K/) 1/5/1996 10/ (2010) 12 v!;/rp/rp/ 770 (gj;jp 17) 11/ (2014) 7 v!;/rp/rp/ 416 (gj;jp 24) 12/ (2014) 16 v!;/rp/rp/ 88 (gj;jpfs; 14 kw;Wk; 15) md;W mky;gLj;jg;gl;lJ vd;gij kDjhuh;fs; cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;/ jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; tH';fg;gl;l ghpfhuk;. Fwpj;jDg;g[if eltof;iffs; bjhl';fg;gl;l ehSf;F Ke;ijaJ kw;Wk; me;j neuj;jpy;. kw;w vy;yh tHf;FfspYk; xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsh; Kiw xHpf;fg;gl;l gpwF. Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiwapd; fPH; xg;ge;jg; bjhHpyhsh;fs; Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;ldh;/ neuo Cjpa tH';FKiwapd; (ne/C/K/) fPH; bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;Jjy; vd;gJ Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiwapd; fPH; Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mth;fspd; nfhhpf;ifia kWg;gjhFk;/ vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; fHfj;jpd; mj;jifa thjj;ij mJt[k; mtkjpg;g[ tHf;fpy; Vw;Wf;bfhz;L. mJ,e;j ePjpkd;wk; tiuapy;,Wjpahfptpl;l epiyapy;. jPh;g;ghaj;jpd; jPh;tj;ij kPz;Lk; vGJtjhfptpLk;/ mjw;fhf jPh;g;ghak; bjh/j/ vz; 39-1992?,y; 19/12/1997?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l mjd; jPh;tj;jpy;. xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsh; Kiw xHpf;fg;gl;l mwptpf;ifj; njjpapypUe;J mky;gLj;Jtjw;F rk;ge;jg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;jp Jiwrhh; bray;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;Ltu vjph;kDjhuuhd fHfj;jpw;F bjspthf cj;jutpl;lJ/,jw;Fkhwhf fHfk; thjpLtjw;Fs; kpft[k; fhy';fle;Jtpl;lJ/ Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiw kw;Wk; neuo Cjpa tH';FKiw (ne/C/K/),tw;Wf;fpilnaahd gzp epge;jidfspy; Kf;fpakhd ntWghLfs; cs;sd vd typa[Wj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ/ Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiwapd; fPH; rk;ge;jg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;j fHfj;jpw;F cj;jutplntz;Lk; vd;W typa[Wj;j kDjhuh;fs;.,e;jpa czt[f; fHfk; kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? nkw;F t';f,e;jpa czt[f; fHfj; bjhHpyhsh;fs; r';fk;13 vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;Kotpd;kPJk;. mtkjpg;g[ kDtpy;14 gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l cj;jutpd; kPJk; rhh;e;Jepd;wdh;/ kDjhuh;fspd; Tw;Wg;go. Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiwapd; fPH; cs;s rk;ge;jg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fis kl;Lk; Kiwg;gLj;jp Jiwrhh; bray;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;Ltu. jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;lJk;. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhYk;.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhYk; cWjp bra;ag;gl;lJkhd fl;lisiar; braw;gLj;jp.,e;j kDjhuh;fSf;F mnj ghpfhuj;ij tH';f fHfk; flikg;gl;Ls;sJ. vjph;kDjhuuhy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l nky;KiwaPL js;Sgo bra;ag;gl;l gpd;dU';Tl. jPh;g;ghaj;jpd; kpff; Fwpg;ghf,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;Koitf; Fiyj;JtpLk; tifapy; g[jpa thjj;ij vGg;g fHfj;ij mDkjpf;f KoahJ vd;W thjpLtjw;F mdpy; uj;jd; rh;fhh; kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? cwpuhf; nfhc&; kw;Wk; gyh;15 vd;w tHf;fpd;kPJ rhh;t[wg;gl;lJ/ 11/ mtkjpg;g[ kD (chpikapay;) vz;fs; 508-2019 kw;Wk; 507-2019?,d; kDjhuh;fSf;fhd fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ uhzh Kfh;$p. 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Mdhy;. mJnt xU Kd;bdr;rhpf;if,izg;ghfr; bray;gLfpwJ. nkYk; ntWtifapy;. re;njfj;jpw;fplkpd;wp jpUg;jpaile;jhyd;wp. rl;lj;jpd; fPH; ePjpkd;w';fs; mjpfhutuk;igr; brYj;JtJ epahakhdjhfnth my;yJ bghUj;jkhdjhfnth,Uf;fhJ/ eltof;iffs;. Fw;wtpay; jd;ik bfhz;litnghd;W cs;sd. Mfnt.,e;j eltof;iffspy; njitg;gLk; rhd;wpd; juk; midj;J epahakhd re;njf';fSf;Fk; mg;ghw;gl;L,Uf;fpd;wJ/ btWk; rhj;jpaf;TWfs; kPJ mtkjpg;g[ mjpfhutuk;igr; brYj;jp mjpfhhpfs; kPJ mtkjpg;g[f;fhf jz;lid tpjpg;gJ Mgj;jhdJ/ (fhz;f: tp/$p/ epfhk; ?vjph;? nfjh; ehj; Fg;jh. (1992) 4 v!;/rp/rp/ 697. nrhl;L uhk; ?vjph;? Ch;trp Fyhjp. (2001) 7 v!;/rp/rp/ 530. mdpy; uj;jd; rh;fhh; ?vjph;? cwpuhf; nfhc&;. (2002) 4 v!;/rp/rp/ 21. ng';f; M`g; gnuhlh ?vjph;? rj;UjPd; cwrd; jah. (2004) 1 v!;/rp/rp/ 360. rcw;jpnah ?vjph;? cj;jug; gpunjr khepy muR. (2010) 3 v!;/rp/rp/ 705 kw;Wk; nec&dy; `bgh;oiyrh;!; ypkpbll; ?vjph;? Jd;nf myh';F!;. 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Kd;dnu jpl;lkpl;L kw;Wk; mjpypUe;J tUk; tpist[fisg; gw;wp KGikahf mwpe;J jpl;lnehf;Fld; bra;jy; vdg; bghUs;gLfpwJ/,J jw;brayhd. vjph;ghuhJ neuf;Toa. cz;ikahd my;yJ cs;nehf;fkpy;yhj bray;fs; my;yJ cz;ikahd,ayhik Mfpatw;iw tpyf;FfpwJ/ ntz;Lbkd;nw bra;ag;gLk; bray;fs;. tpUg;gkpd;wp my;yJ ftdf;Fiwthfr; bra;ag;gLk; bray;fis cs;slf;fhJ/,J @bfl;l nehf;fj;Jlndh my;yJ epahakhd tpsf;fk; Twhky; my;yJ gpothjkhf. tise;JbfhLf;fhj my;yJ VWf;Fkhwhf@ bra;ag;gLk; brayhFk;/ ntz;Lbkd;nw bra;ag;gLk; bray;fs;. ftdf;Fiwthf. rpe;jidapd;wp. fUj;jpd;wp my;yJ mrl;ilahf bra;ag;gLk; braypypUe;J ntWgLj;jg;glntz;oajhFk;/,J myl;rpakhfnth my;yJ tpUg;gkpy;yhknyh bra;ag;gLk; ve;jr; braiya[k; cs;slf;fhJ/ xU eghpd; ntz;Lbkd;nw bra;a[k; elj;ij vd;gJ. mth; vd;d bra;fpwhh; vd;gij mth; mwpe;J mijna bra;a vz;QqtjhFk;/ Mfnt. mtuJ jug;gpy; jPanehf;fj;Jld; Toa Kd;dnu jpl;lkpl;l bray;,Uf;fntz;Lk;/ Xh; cj;jut[f;Ff; fPH;g;goahky;,Ue;J. me;jf; fPH;g;goahika[k; rpy eph;g;ge;jkhd N:H;epiyfspd; fhuzkhf,Ue;J. mt;t[j;jut[f;fpz';f elg;gJ mtkjpg;ghsUf;F,ayhjpUe;jhy;. mjd;fPH; mtkjpg;ghsiuj; jz;of;fKoahJ/ @mtkjpg;g[ vd;gJ jtwhd bray; my;yJ jtwhd elj;ij vd;w mst[f;F,Ue;jhbyhHpa. xg;gilg;g[f;F my;yJ jw;fhypfg; gwpKjYf;F cj;jutplg;glKoahJ/@ (fhz;f: v!;/ Re;juk; gps;is ?vjph;? tp/Mh;/ gl;lhgpuhkd;. (1985) 1 v!;/rp/rp/ 591. uhf;fg;gs;sp uh$h uhk; nfhghy uht; ?vjph;? eufhdp nfhtpe;j nrcwuuht;. (1989) 4 v!;/rp/rp/ 255. epah!; KfkJ ?vjph;? cwhpahdh khepy muR. (1994) 6 v!;/rp/rp/ 332. nrhh;jpah Ml;nlhbkhigy;!; ?vjph;? v!;/ K:rh. (2000) 3 v!;/rp/rp/ 282. mnrhf; ngg;gh; fhk;fh; a{dpad; ?vjph;? juk; nfhjh. (2003) 11 v!;/rp/rp/ 1. xhprh khepy muR ?vjph;? KfkJ,ypah!;. (2006) 1 v!;/rp/rp/ 275 kw;Wk; a[dpbthh;j; blf;!;ily;!; ypkpbll; ?vjph;? rp/rp/</. (2013) 9 v!;/rp/rp/ 753/ *** *** *** 15/,U bghUs;tpsf;f';fs; rhj;jpakhapd; kw;Wk; mjd; bray;ghL Kuz;ghlhdjhf,y;yhtpod;. Xh; mtkjpg;g[ eltof;if epiyf;fhJ vd;gJ ed;F mWjpaplg;gl;l rl;lf; nfhl;ghL MFk;/ cj;jutpd; tpisita[k;. cl;fUj;ija[k; fUj;jpw;bfhz;L. mjid KGikahfg; gof;fntz;Lk;/ Mfnt. tpUg;gKilik vd;w mog;gilf;TW vd;gJ rl;lj;jpd; fUj;Jg;go Fw;wr;rhl;oid bka;g;gpg;gjw;F Xh;,d;wpaikahj; njitahFk;/ (ghh;f;f: RrPyh uhn$ ncwhy;fh; ?vjph;? mdpy; fhf;. (2008) 14 v!;/rp/rp/ 392 kw;Wk; jphP rpah;!; vz;lh;bla;d;bkd;l; (gp/) ypl;/ ?vjph;? rp/</v!;/rp/ ypl;/. (2008) 16 v!;/rp/rp/ 592/@ chpikapay; mtkjpg;g[ vd;gij epWt. cj;juit ntz;Lbkd;nw. MH;e;J rpe;jpj;J. mjpypUe;J tuf;Toa tpist[fis KGikahf mwpe;nj fPH;g;goatpy;iy vd;gJ epiyehl;lg;glntz;Lk; vd;W fUj;jwptpg;gJ nghJkhdjhFk;/ me;j Kot[f;F tUtjw;F. jPh;g;ghaj;jpd; Kd;ghd Fwpg;gPLfspd; nehf;fj;ija[k;. mjpy; tH';fg;gl;l fl;lisfisa[k; ftdpf;fntz;oaJ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. mJ,e;ePjpkd;wk; tiuapYk; cWjpbra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. rhjhuzkhfg; ghh;j;jhy; jPh;g;g[f;fhf Fwpg;gplg;gl;l gpur;rpid(fs;) (nkny cs;s gj;jp 3?,y; kPz;Lk; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhdnj/ vdpDk;. jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; ghprPypf;fg;gl;l gpur;rpidf;Fhpa TW jPh;tj;jpd; braw;ghl;L gFjpa[ld; (,e;jj; jPh;g;g[iuapd; Ke;ija gFjpapy; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ),ize;jpUe;jhYk;. Fwpg;gplg;gl;l tHf;Ffspy; jug;gpdh;fshd rk;ke;jg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;jp. Jiwapd; bray;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;Ltu vjph;kDjhuh; fHfj;jpw;F cj;jutpLk; xU rpwe;j tHf;fhFk;/ 13/ Kd;dh; Fwpg;gpl;lJ nghy. fHfk; ehd;F bjhHpyhsh; Kiwfisr; braw;gLj;JfpwJ/ Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiw mj;jifa gzpakh;j;J KiwfSs; xd;whFk;/ kw;bwhd;W neuo Cjpa tH';FKiw (ne/C/K/) MFk;/ K:d;whtJ ntiy?,y;iy?rk;gsk;?,y;iy Kiw kw;Wk; ehd;fhtJ To ntiy bra;a[k; KiwahFk;/ Fwpj;jDg;g[if tHf;FfspYk; jPh;g;ghaj;jpYk; cs;s ghpfhuk;. Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiwapy; kl;Lk; Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F Fwpg;gpl;Lf;fhl;Ltjy;y. bkl;uh!; cah; ePjpkd;wnkh-nfus cah; ePjpkd;wnkh my;yJ,e;ePjpkd;wnkh mg;gpur;rpidiaf; Fwpg;ghff; ifahsf; nfhug;gl;lJ/ Fwpj;jDg;g[if tHf;FfSf;Fhpa gpd;dpizg;gpy;(fspy;) bgah;f; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf kDjhuh;?r';f(';fs;)j;jhy; vGg;gg;gl;l nfhhpf;ifahdJ neuoahdjhFk;/ me;jj; bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;jp. Jiwapd; bray;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;Ltu jPh;g;ghak; cj;jut[ gpwg;gpj;jJ/ Jiwapd; bray;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;LtUjy; vd;gJ xU bkhj;j epWtdj;jpd; jdpg;gl;l gFjpahfnth my;yJ fpisahfnth-gphpthfnth,Uf;ff;Toa Jiwapd; gzpapy; <LgLj;JtjhFk; vd;gJ bjs;sj;bjspt[/ Jiwapd; bray;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;LtUjy; vd;gJ. xU epWtdj;ij me;epWtdj;jpYs;s jdpj;Jiwg; gzpfisr; bra;a[k;tifapy; btt;ntW Jiwfshfg; gphpj;jy; my;yJ mk;Kiwapy; fl;likj;jyhFk;/,jpy; bray;ghL. cw;gj;jpg; bghUs;. bray;Kiw. g[tpapay; miktpl';fs;. Efh;nthh;. gphpt[. K:yg;bghUs;. jpl;lkply; rpwg;g[g; gzpg;gphpt[ cs;spl;l Jiwfs;,Uf;fyhk;/ 14/ fHfj;jpy; neuo Cjpa tH';FKiw (ne/C/K/) cl;gl ehd;F bjhHpyhsh; gzpakh;t[ Kiwfs; cs;sd vd;gij kWf;f KoahJ. Mjyhy;. kDjhuh;?r';fk;(fs;) mJ rk;ge;jkhf fHfj;jpw;F vjpuhf Fwpg;gpl;l ghpfhuj;ijf; nfhhpapUf;fntz;Lk;/ Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftifapy;. kDjhuh;fs; neuo Cjpa tH';FKiw (ne/C/K/) 1/5/1996 Kjw;bfhz;Ljhd; bjhl';fpa[s;sjhff; fUjpdh;. mnjrkak;. (nkw;fz;l),e;jpa czt[f; fHfg; gzpahsh;fs; vd;w tHf;fpy; neuo Cjpa tH';FKiw (ne/C/K/) 1973?,ypUe;J eilKiwapYs;sJ vd;gJ,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;KotpypUe;J bjhpatUfpwJ/ mt;tifapy;,J. 12/4/1996 md;W gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l eltof;iffs; Fwpg;gpidj; bjhlh;e;J. fHfj;jhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l g[jpa Kiway;y/ xg;g[f;bfhz;ltifapy;. rk;ke;jg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fs; Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;L. Jiwapd; bray;ghl;Lf;Fs; ve;jKiwapy; bfhz;Ltug;glntz;Lk; vd;gJ Fwpj;J tHf;Ff; Fwpg;gPLfSk;.,e;ePjpkd;wk; tiuapy; cWjp bra;ag;gl;Ls;s jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; tH';fg;gl;l cj;jut[k; mikjpfhf;fpwJ/ fHfj;jpd; rk;ge;jg;gl;l mjpfhhpfspd; mtkjpg;g[ elj;ijiaj; jtph;f;Fk;bghUl;L. Fwpg;ghf. 1991?Mk; Mz;od; bghUe;jf;Toa bfhs;ifapd;go. neuo Cjpa tH';FKiwapd; (ne/C/K/) fPH; jFjpahd. gl;oayplg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fs; Vw;bfdnt Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;oUg;gjhy;.,J vt;thW fPH;g;goahik. Fiwe;jgl;rk; ntz;Lbkd;nw fPH;g;goahik vd;w tHf;fhf,Uf;Fk; vd;gJ g[hpatpy;iy/,jdhy;. nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l jPh;tj;ijr; braw;;gLj;Jtjw;fhf nfus cah; ePjpkd;wk; Kd;g[ jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l ePjpg;nguhiz kDt[k;. neuo Cjpa tH';F Kiwapd; (ne/C/K/) fPH; rk;ge;jg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;Jk; fl;lisiaf; nfhhpaJ (nkny cs;s gj;jp 7?,y; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)/,e;j epiyapy;. vjph;kDjhuh; fHfk; mtkjpg;g[ g[hpe;jpUg;gjhf mjw;bfjpuhf,e;ePjpkd;wk; vt;thW eltof;if vLf;fKoa[k; vd;gJ mse;jwpag;gLtjpy;iy/ 15/,Ug;gpDk;. kDjhuhpd; thjk; vd;dbtd;why;. jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; tH';fg;gl;l jPh;t';fisa[k;. bkl;uh!; cah; ePjpkd;wk;-nfus cah; ePjpkd;wk; kw;Wk;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iufisa[k; KGikahfg; bghUs;bfhs;sntz;Lk;/ mt;thW bghUs;bfhz;lhy;. bjhlh;g[ila jPh;g;g[iuapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s kw;w tHf;Ffspy; bra;Js;sijg;nghd;W mnj tpjpKiwfspd;go rk;ge;jg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fs; midtiua[k; Kiwg;gLj;jp. Jiwapd; bray;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;LtUtjw;F vjph;kDjhuh; fHfj;jpw;F gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l cj;jut[ vd;nw bghUs;gLk;/,e;j thjj;jpw;F Mjuthf. 19/12/1997?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l jPh;g;ghaj;jpd; jPh;tj;jpd;kPJ rhh;t[wg;gl;Ls;sJ/ mjpy; 1982?f;F Kd;djhft[k; kw;Wk; 1991?Mk; Mz;oYk; Kiwg;gLj;jYf;fhd tHf;Ffs; Fwpg;gPL bra;ag;gl;Ls;sd/ rhh;t[wg;gl;l tHf;Ffspy;. xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsh; Kiw ePf;fg;gl;l gpwF. 1991 Kjy; filg;gpof;fg;gl;LtUk; neuo Cjpa tH';FKiwapd; (ne/C/K/) fPH; kl;Lnk rk;ge;jg;gl;l gzpahsh;fisg; gzpakh;j;Jfpd;w vjph;kDjhuh; fHfj;jpd; bfhs;ifiaj; jPh;g;ghak; Fwpg;gpltpy;iy/ mt;tHf;Ffspy; Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiwapd; fPH; rk;ge;jg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fhpatifapy; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy;-ePjpkd;wj;jhy; jpl;ltl;lkhff; fl;lisaplg;gl;oUe;jJ.,t;tHf;fpy; mt;thW,y;iy/ 16/ cz;ikapy;. 19/12/1997?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l jPh;tk; nfus cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Ke;ija jPh;g;ig tphpthff; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ/ me;jj; jPh;Kotpy;. fHfj;jpw;F cj;jut[ gpwg;gpf;Fk;nghJ. rk;ge;jg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fis Jiwrhh; gzpf;F vLj;Jf;bfhs;Sjy; vd;gJ mjDila fHfj;jhy; Kiwg;goahd gzpahsh;fSf;fhf tFf;fg;gl;l mjw;nf chpa tiuaiwfs; kw;Wk; epge;jidfspd;go Kiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; vd;Wk;. fHfk; Ml;Fiwg;g[ nghd;w midj;J chpikfisa[k; bgw;wpUf;Fk; vd;Wk; bjspt[gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ/ nkYk;. Jiwrhh; gzpf;F Ms; vLf;Fk; eilKiw. rk;ge;jg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh; kw;Wk; bjhHpw;Jiwr; rl;lj;jpd; tifKiwfSf;fpz';f,Uf;fntz;Lk; vd;Wk; fl;lisaplg;gl;lJ/,t;thwpUf;ifapy;.,t;tHf;fpy; xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsh; Kiw ePf;fg;gl;l gpwF. neuo Cjpa tH';FKiwapd; (ne/C/K/) fPH; kl;Lnk rk;ge;jg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;JtJ Fwpj;J 1991 Kjy; eilKiwapYs;s fHfj;jpd; bfhs;ifapd; bray;jpwd; Fwpj;J ve;j tpthjKk; ftdj;jpw;bfhs;sg;glt[kpy;iy. Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiwapd; fPH; kl;Lnk rk;ge;jg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; vjph;kDjhuh; fHfj;jpw;F bjspthd fl;lisa[k; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;oUf;ft[kpy;iy/,njnghy;. fw;wwpe;j jdpakh; ePjpaurUk; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l cj;juit kl;Lnk cWjpbra;Js;shh;/ cz;ikapy;. fHfk; khepy murpd; xU fUtpahfr; bray;gLtjhy;. btt;ntW epiya';fspy; gzpg[hpa[k; mjd; btt;ntW gzpahsh;fSf;fpilna ntw;Wik ghuhl;Ltij ghh;j;Jf;bfhz;oUf;fKoahJ vd;gij fw;wwpe;j jdpakh; ePjpaurhpd; jPh;g;g[iuapd; tpthjj;jpypUe;J bgwg;gl;l fUj;Jg; gjpt[ Fwpf;fpwJ/ Kd;dh; Fwpg;gpl;lJnghy;.,J tHf;F Fwpg;gPLfspYs;s bjhHpyhsh;fis kl;Lk; neuo Cjpa tH';FKiwapd; (ne/C/K/) fPH; Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F ghprPypf;fg;gl;lJnghy; my;y/ 31/12/2019 tiu 1942[7] ngh; mt;thwhf epakpf;fg;gl;L. gzpg[hpe;J tUfpd;wdh;/ nkYk;. jdpahh; xg;ge;jjhuh;fs; kw;Wk; Tl;Lwt[r; r';f';fs; K:yk; gzpakh;j;jg;gl;L xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsh;fshfg; gzpg[hpgth;fs;. 1991?Mk; Mz;od; bfhs;ifapd;go neuo Cjpa tH';FKiwapy; (ne/C/K/) Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;ldh;/ fw;wwpe;j jdpakh; ePjpaurU';Tl mt;tifapy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fis neuo Cjpa tH';FKiwapd; (ne/C/K/) fPH; my;yhJ. Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiwapd; fPH; Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F vjph;kDjhuh; fHfj;jpw;F jdpg;gl;l fl;lis VJk; tH';fg;gltpy;iy vd;w r';fjpa[k; cs;sJ/ mnjnghy;. ePjpah; <uhak;. jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l cj;jut[ Vw;fj;jf;fjh> vd;w tplaj;ija[k;. me;j cj;juit fw;wwpe;j jdpakh; ePjpaurh; cWjpbra;jJ rhpah> vd;gija[k; ghprPypf;f Kide;jJ/ mf;nfs;tpia Muha;e;jjpy;. ePjpah; <uhak; kw;wtw;Wld; gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpl;lJ: @21/ jkpH;ehl;oYs;s fpl';Ffs;-epiya';fisj; jtpu. ehl;od; gpw gFjpfspy;,njnghd;w gzpj;juj;jpy; gzpakh;j;jg;gLk; bjhHpyhsh;fs; Jiwapd; bray;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;Ltug;gl;Ls;sdh; my;yJ Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sdh; vd fw;wwpe;j ePjpauruhy; rhpahfnt Rl;of;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ/ cz;ikapnyna.,k;khepyj;jpY';Tl,/c/f/?,d; vGk;g{h; kw;Wk; JiwKff; fpl';Ffisg; bghWj;jkl;oy; bjhHpyhsh;fs; Jiwrhh; bray;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;Ltug;gl;Ls;sdh;/ kw;w khepy';fspYs;s bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;Jjy;-Jiwrhh; bray;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;LtUjy; Fwpj;j gpur;rpid bjhlh;ghf,e;jpa murpd; mwptpg;g[fs; jPh;g;ghaj;jpd; Kd;g[ itf;fg;gl;ld vd;gij eh';fs; Vw;bfdnt Fwpg;gpl;Ls;nshk;/,/c/f/.,e;jpah KGtJk; bjhHpy;Kiw eltof;iffis nkw;bfhz;LtUk; xU fHfkhjyhy;.,e;jpahtpd; rpy gFjpfspy;. Fwpg;ghf. tl,e;jpahtpy; bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;JtJ cfe;jJ vd;W mJ fUJk;nghJ. mj;jifa gyd;fis khepyj;jpYs;s bjhHpyhsh;fSf;F kWg;gJ epahaky;y vd fw;wwpe;j ePjpauruhy; rhpahfnt Rl;of;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ/ jPh;g;ghaj;jplk; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l Mjhu';fs; ghprPypf;fg;glhjJnghd;W jPh;g;ghaj;Jf;nf tHf;if kPl;lDg;g[tnj nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; jug;gpy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l Kf;fpa thjkhjyhy;.,e;jpa murhy; tH';fg;gl;l gy;ntW Mizfs;-mwptpf;iffs; vd;w totpy; jPh;g;ghak; Kd;ghf itf;fg;gl;l rhd;Wfs;.,/c/f/?,d; czt[ nrkpg;g[ epiya';fspYk;. midj;J fpl';FfspYk; mjpf ntiyfs;,Ug;gjd; mog;gilapYk;. Vw;fj;jf;f Mjhu';fs; midj;Jk; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; rhpahfnt kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;w r';fjpapd; mog;gilapYk;. kPl;lDg;g[tjw;fhd tHf;F VJkpy;iy vd;nw eh';fs; fUJfpnwhk;/ fw;wwpe;j ePjpauruhy; rhpahfr; Rl;of;fhl;lg;gl;lgoa[k;. mj;Jld; jPh;g;ghaj;jhy; rhpahff; fUj;jwptpf;fg;gl;lgoa[k;. Xh;,e;jpa murpd; epWtdkhd,/c/f/ Kd;khjphpahd gzpakh;j;Jeuhf,Uf;fntz;Lk;. mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf. mth;fSf;F Vuhskhd bjhlh;r;rpahd gzpfs;,Uf;fpwnghJ. mjpf gzpg;gphpt[fSk; njitg;gLfpwnghJ. Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; Jiwrhh; bray;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;LtUtjw;Fkhd,U bjhHpw;r';f';fspd; nfhhpf;ifapy; epahakpUg;gjhf eh';fs; csepiwtilfpnwhk;/ 22/,r;N:H;epiyfspd; fPH;. jPh;tk; tH';Ftjpy; bjhHpy;Jiw jPh;g;ghak; vLj;j KotpYk;. mij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjpy; fw;wwpe;j jdpakh; ePjpaurhpd; fhuztpsf;fj;JlDk; eh';fs; KG cld;ghL bfhs;fpnwhk;/,jd; tpisthf.,U ePjpg;nguhiz nky;KiwaPLfSk; njhy;tpailfpd;wd. mjw;nfw;g mit js;Sgo bra;ag;gLfpd;wd/ bryt[j;bjhif,y;iy/ ///@ 1991?Mk; Mz;od; bfhs;ifapd;go. Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiwapd; fPH; rk;ge;jg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;. neuo Cjpa tH';FKiwapd; (ne/C/K/) fPH; mt;thW bra;af;TlhJ vd;Wk; ePjpah; <uhaK';Tl vjph;kDjhuh; fHfj;jpw;F Fwpg;gpl;l cj;jut[ VJk; gpwg;gpf;ftpy;iy vd;gijf; fhzyhk;/,e;ePjpkd;wk;. jPh;g;ghaj;jhYk;. bkl;uh!; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhYk; vLf;fg;gl;l fUj;ij kl;Lnk cWjp bra;Js;sJ/ kpf Kf;fpakhf. Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiw mLj;J Xh; mHpe;JtUk; gzpepiyg; gphpthf mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ 17/ mjhtJ. xU Fwpg;gpl;l bjhHpyhsh; Kiwapd; fPH; rk;ge;jg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;Jjy; bjhlh;ghd gpur;rpid. jPh;g;ghak; Kd;ghft[k;. nkYk;,e;ePjpkd;wk; tiua[k; xU gpur;rpidahf Kd;itf;fg;gl;oUe;jjpy;iy/ mth;fis Kiwg;gLj;jt[k;. Jiwrhh; bray;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;Ltut[k; xU bghJthd cj;jut[ gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;lJ/,jd; gadhf. neuo Cjpa tH';FKiwapd; (ne/C/K/) fPH; epWtdj;jpd; eilKiwapy; bghUe;jf;Toa bfhs;ifapd;go. rk;ge;jg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;Jk; xnu tHpKiw kl;Lnk vjph;kDjhuh;fSf;F cs;sJ/ 18/ nfs;tpf;Fhpa jPh;tspg;igr; braw;gLj;j cj;jutplf;nfhhp jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l ePjpg;nguhiz kD vz; 14360-1999?,y; nfus cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;Koit khw;wpaikj;J. @neuo Cjpa tH';F Kiwapd; (ne/C/K/)@ fPH; rk;ge;jg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fis cldoahf Kiwg;gLj;Jk; ghpfhuk; nfhug;gl;lJ/ mg;ghpfhuk; Vw;bfdnt fHfj;jhy; Vw;Wf;bfhs;sg;gl;L. jug;gpdh;fSf;fpilnaahd 12/4/1996?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l eltof;iff; Fwpg;gpy; gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;lJ/ mf;fhuzj;jpw;fhf. fHfk; bjh/j/ vz; 39-1992?,d; Fwpj;jDg;g[if eltof;iffspy; g';nfw;ftpy;iy kw;Wk; vjputh;,y;yhky; nky;elj;j bjh/j/ vz; 55-1993 mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ/ cz;ikapnyna. fHfk;. rk;ge;jg;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fis Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd chpik kw;Wk; chpikj; jFjpapd; mog;gilapy;,e;ePjpkd;wk;tiu jPh;t';fis vjph;j;jJ/ neuo Cjpa tH';F Kiw (ne/C/K/) my;yJ Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiwapd; fPH; Kiwg;gLj;jg;glntz;Lkh> vd;w r';fjp,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;l nky;KiwaPL cl;gl ve;j epiyapYk; gpur;rpidf;Fhpajhf,y;iy/ fHfk;. Kiwg;gLj;Jjy; vd;w gpr;rpidapypUe;J tpyfptpl;ljhy;. mJ 1991 Kjy; eilKiwapYs;s mjd; elg;gpYs;s bfhs;ifapd;go. jPh;tspg;ig eilKiwg;gLj;jntz;oa flg;ghLilajhFk;/ 19/ Fwpg;ghf. ePjpg;nguhiz kDtpy; ntz;Liuf;fg;gl;lgo. neuo Cjpa tH';F Kiwapd; (ne/C/K/) fPH; Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf kl;Lnk ePjpg;nguhiz nky;KiwaPL vz; 2491-2010?,y; nfus cah; ePjpkd;w ePjpah; <uhaj;jhy; ghpfhuk; tH';fg;gl;lJ/ mijj; bjhlh;e;J ePjpg;nguhiz kD vz; 14786-2013?Md nfus cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;g[ jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l ePjpg;nguhiz kDt[f;F vjpuhf,e;j ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F chpikapay; nky;KiwaPL vz; 7961-2014 vd;w nky;KiwaPL te;jJ.,jpy; Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;. Jiwrhh; bjhHpyhsh; Kiwapd; fPH; ntW gy gyd;fs; midj;ija[k; tH';Ftjw;Fkhd ghpfhuk; nfhug;gl;lJ/ nfs;tpf;Fs;shd jPh;tk; Vw;bfdnt nghjpastpy;,zf;fKw elf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gijf; fz;lwpe;J. fw;wwpe;j jdpakh; ePjpauruhy;,e;ePjpg;nguhiz kD js;Sgo bra;ag;gl;lJ/ ePjpg;nguhiz nky;KiwaPL vz; 1746-2013?Md ePjpg;nguhiz nky;KiwaPL thapyhf ePjpah; <uhak; tiu tHf;Fr; brd;wnghJ. mJ. nkny Fwpg;gplg;gl;l Ke;ija ePjpg;nguhiz kDthd mry; kD vz; 14360-1999 kw;Wk; ePjpg;nguhiz nky;KiwaPL vz; 2491-2009?,y; tH';fg;gl;l cj;jut[g;go jPh;t[ bra;ag;gl;lJ/ Mfnt.,e;j eltof;iffspy; tH';fg;gl;l ghpfhuk;. neuo Cjpa tH';F Kiwapy; (ne/C/K/) Kiwg;gLj;JtJ bjhlh;ghdJ kl;Lnk/ mg;gobad;why;. mjpYs;s ePjpg;nguhiz kDjhuh;(fs;) neuo Cjpa tH';F Kiwapd; (ne/C/K/) fPH; Kiwg;gLj;jg;gLtijf; fhl;oYk; khWgl;l ghpfhuj;ij vt;thW nfl;f Koa[k; vd;gijg; g[hpe;Jbfhs;s v';fshy;,aytpy;iy/ 20/ chpikapay; nky;KiwaPL vz;fs; 10499-2011 kw;Wk; 10511-2011?,y; 20/8/2018?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iuapd; gj;jp 23?,d; mft[iuapd; kPJ kDjhuh;fshy; rhh;t[wg;gl;lJ. mJ TWtjhtJ:- @23/ jw;nghija tHf;fpy; cs;sijg; nghynt mnj bjhHpy;Jiw Fwpj;jDg;g[if tHf;Fk; nkw;F t';fhsj;jpYs;s,/c/f/ fpisf;Fk; bjhlh;g[ilajhdJ vd;gJk;. me;jf; Fwpj;jDg;g[if tHf;fpYk; bjhHpyhsh;fSila r';fj;jpw;F Mjuthfg; gjpyspf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gJk; gpd;dh; v';fs; ftdj;jpw;Ff; bfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ/ mjd;gpd;. tHf;F cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F vLj;Jr;bry;yg;gl;L. mJ m';F btw;wpailahjjhy;.,/c/f/?,d; ntz;Lnfhspd;go chpikapay; nky;KiwaPL vz; 7452-2008?,y;,e;j ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F tHf;F bfhz;L bry;yg;gl;L. bjhHpy;Jiw jPh;g;ghaj;jpd; jPh;tj;ij cWjp bra;jjd;tpisthf nky;KiwaPL 20/7/2017 md;W js;Sgo bra;ag;gl;lJ/ mjd;gpd; 5/10/2017?Mk; njjpad;whd mwptpg;gpypUe;J bjspthtijg;nghd;W.,/c/f/. rk;ge;jg;gl;l gzpahsh;fSf;F Mjuthfj; jPh;tj;ij braw;gLj;jpaJ vdj; bjhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ mt;thwpUf;ifapy;. ifapYs;s tHf;fpy; vGk; r';fjpfspd; mog;gilapy;,t;tHf;fpd; vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd cj;juit eh';fs; cWjp bra;Js;sjhy;. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd;Kd;,y;yhj ntW ve;j tHf;fpYk; eh';fs; rhh;t[wj; njitapy;iy/@ 21/ kDjhuh;fs;,e;jg; gj;jpapd; bjhlf;fg;gFjpia kl;Lnk Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sdh;/ v';fsJ fUj;Jg;go. 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