ab2c40d5c261ae96ff8e14b417eeea3ebabb9ada6bbd6ffd52c33a6ca5a2bba8

(v) jdpg;gl;l Mtzj; jug;gpdh; my;yJ VnjDk; eguhy;

(vi) mUfpYs;s epy';fs; my;yJ Rw;Wg;g[wj;jpYs;s epy';fspd;

(vii) epyj;jpypUe;J ruhrhp kfN:y;. rhiy kw;Wk; re;ijf;F mUfhik. fpuhkf; FoapUg;gpypUe;J bjhiyt[ epyg;gug;gpd; kl;lk; nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfs;. Fsk;. fpzWfs; kw;Wk; tpirf;FHha;,izg;g[fs; nghd;w ePh;g;ghrd trjpfs;/

(viii) epyj;jpy; tpistpf;fg;gl;l gaphpd; jd;ik; kw;Wk;

(ix) epyj;jpd; gad;ghL. FoapUg;g[. tzpfk;. bjhHpw;rhiy my;yJ tptrha nehf;f';fSf;fhdJ. tptrha epykhdJ FoapUg;g[ my;yJ tzpfk; my;yJ bjhHpw;rhiy epykhf khw;wg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; mjd; Ma;e;j kjpg;gPL/

(M) tPl;Lkidfisg; bghWj;jtiuapy; ?

(i) Xhplj;jpYs;s tPl;Lkidfspd; bghJthd kjpg;g[;

(ii) rhiy.,uapy; epiya';fs; kw;Wk; ngUe;J jlj;jpw;F mUfhik;

(iii) re;ij. filfs; kw;Wk; mJ nghd;wtw;wpw;F mUfhik;

(iv) mt;tplj;jpYs;s muR mYtyf';fs;.

(v) Rw;Wg;g[wj;jpYs;s nkk;ghl;L eltof;iffs; kw;Wk;

(vi) bjhlh;g[ila cs;S:h; mjpfhhpfspd; thp tpjpg;g[

(vii) kidapd; kjpg;gPl;oy; rpwg;gplk; bgWk; ntWgpw fhuzpfs;; kw;Wk;

(viii) jug;gpdh;fshy; Kiwaplg;gl;l jdpg;gl;l fhuzp/

(i) tif kw;Wk; fl;likg;g[;

(ii) fl;lg;gl;l,lk;;

(iii) moj;jsg;gug;g[;

(iv) fl;Lkhd Mz;L;

(v) gad;gLj;jg;gl;l bghUl;fs;;

(vi) nja;khd tpfpjk;;

(vii) tpfpj';fspd; Vw;w,wf;f';fs;;

(viii) kjpg;gPl;oy;,lk;bgWk; ntWgpw fhuzpfs;;

(ix) bjhlh;g[ila cs;shl;rpj; Jiw mjpfhhpfspd; thp tpjpg;ghtz';fspd; mog;gilapyhd brhj;J thp;

(x) ve;j nehf;fj;jpw;fhf fl;olkhdJ gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. me;j fl;olj;jpw;F thlifK:yk; tUkhdk; te;jhy; Mz;blhd;Wf;F vt;tst[ thlif vd;gjhFk;; kw;Wk;

(xi) jug;gpdh;fshy; Kiwaplg;gl;l tHf;fpd; VnjDk; jdpg;gl;l fhuzp/

(i) brhj;jpd; jd;ik kw;Wk; epiy;

(ii) brhj;jhdJ gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nehf;fk;; kw;Wk;

(iii) brhj;jpd; kjpg;gPl;oYs;s ntW gpw rpwg;g[f; fhuzpfs;/ (6) jw;fhypf re;ij kjpg;gPl;oid Kot[bra;j gpd;dh; eilKiw:.- khtl;l Ml;rpah;. brhj;Jfspd; jw;fhypf re;ij kjpg;g[ kw;Wk; brYj;jj;jf;f thp Mfpatw;iw jPh;khdpf;Fk; jd;Dila cj;jutpd; efiy. thp brYj;j flika[ila midj;J egh;fSf;Fk;. gotk;?II?apyhd mwptpg;g[ld; mDg;gp. mj;jifa re;ij kjpg;g[ jPh;khdj;jpw;F Ml;nrgiz VJkpUg;gpd; mwptpg;gpy; Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;Fs; bjhptpf;FkhW nfhuntz;Lk;/ khtl;l Ml;rpah;. mwptpg;gpy; Fwpg;gpl;l ehsd;nwh my;yJ mtuhy; eph;zapf;fg;gl;l ntW ehsd;nwh jug;gpdh;fis tprhhpf;fntz;Lk;/ (7) re;ij kjpg;igj; jPh;khdpf;Fk;,Wjp cj;jut[/? (1) khtl;l Ml;rpah;. tprhuizapd;bghGJ vGj;Jtotpy; jug;gl;l KiwaPL kw;Wk; typa[Wj;jg;gl;lit my;yJ jug;gpdh;fsplkpUe;J KiwaPL VJkpd;ik my;yJ VnjDk; tHf;fpy; tprhuizapd;bghGJ mth;fs; jhnk Kd;dpiyahfj; jtwpaik Mfpatw;iwg; ghprPypj;j gpd;dh; bjhlh;g[ila midj;J bghUz;ikfisa[k; kw;Wk; jk;kplKs;s rhd;Wfisa[k; ftdj;Jld; ghprPypj;j gpd;dh;. brhj;Jfspd; re;ij kjpg;iga[k; kw;Wk; brYj;jj;jf;fj; jPh;itapida[k; jPh;khdpj;J Kjy; mwptpg;g[ mDg;gg;gl;l ehs;Kjy; K:d;W khj';fSf;Fs;shf cj;jut[ gpwg;gpj;J. mt;thW gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l cj;jutpd; efiy jug;gpdh;fSf;F mDg;gp. Kj;jpiu jPh;itj; bjhifapy; ntWghL VJkpUg;gpd; mjid tN:ypf;f eltof;if vLf;fntz;Lk;/ (2) bjhlh;g[ila gjpt[ mYtyUf;F. mtUila Mtz nfhg;gpw;fhf cj;jutpd; efiy mDg;gntz;Lk;/ (3) khtl;l Ml;rpauhy; jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;l thpj; bjhifapd; ntWghlhdJ. gphpt[ 47(m)?,d; cl;gphpt[ (2) my;yJ cl;gphpt[ (3)?,d; fPH; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l,Wjp cj;jutpd; njjpapypUe;J.,uz;L khj';fSf;Fs;shf brYj;jg;glntz;Lk;/ (4) khtl;l Ml;rpah;. Kj;jpiuf; fl;lzk; kw;Wk; tl;o Mfpatw;wpy; ntWghoUg;gpd;. mtw;iw rl;lg;gphpt[ 47(m)?,d; fPH; tN:ypj;j gpd;dh;. Mtzj;jpy; nkw;Fwpg;gpLtjd; K:yk; gotk;?III?,y; rhd;W tH';fntz;Lk;/ 11(m)/ nky;KiwaPl;L mjpfhhpapd; Kot[/? nky;KiwaPl;L mjpfhhpahdth;. nky;KiwaPl;ilj; jPh;khdpf;Fk; nehf;fpw;fhf.?

(m) muR my;yJ cs;shl;rp mikg;gpd; fPHhd ve;j muR mYtyfk;. mYtyh; my;yJ mjpfhhpaplkpUe;J ve;jj; jftiya[k;. Mtzj;ija[k; nfhuyhk;;

(M) muR my;yJ cs;shl;rp mikg;gpd; fPHhd muR mYtyh; my;yJ mjpfhhp vthplkpUe;Jk; mtUila Tw;iw Ma;t[bra;J gjpayhk;3; kw;Wk; (,) bjhlh;g[ila jug;gpdUf;F Kiwahd mwptpg;g[ mspj;j gpd;dh; brhj;ij ghh;itaplyhk;/@ 6/ midj;J nky;KiwaPLfspYk;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;fhd fw;wwpe;j TLjy; muR jiyik tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ b$ae;j; Kj; uh$; kw;Wk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h;fs; jp-s;/ o/ Re;jh; uhkehjd;. vk;/V/ bt';fl Rg;ukzpad;. nf/tp/ nkhfd;. uhft; c&';fh;. gp/n$/ $hh;$; kw;Wk; g[y;fpl; jhnu Mfpnahh;fspd; thj';fis eh';fs; nfl;nlhk;/ v';fSila ghprPyidf;fhf fPH;f;fhQqk; tpdhf;fs; vGfpd;wd:- 3/ ciu-Fwpg;ghdJ 9/3/2001 md;W btspaplg;gl;l murpjHpw;Fl;gl;ljhFk;/ vdpDk;. bkhHpahdJ. tpjp 4(3)(M)?f;F xj;jjy;y/ 1/ fs Ma;t[ elj;j Jizg; gjpt[j;Jiw jiytiunah my;yJ gpw mYtyh;fisnah nfhhp. nky;KiwaPl;L mjpfhhpahy; mjhtJ jiyik tUtha; fl;Lghl;L mjpfhhp (gjpt[j;Jiw jiyth;)?My; tpLf;fg;gl;l gzpj;jy;fs;. gzp xg;gilg;ghfp. mJ tpjp 11(m)?I tGtp. mjd;K:yk; xl;Lbkhj;j eltof;iffisa[k; ghjpj;jjh>,t;tpdhthdJ. midj;J nky;KiwaPLfspYk; vGfpwJ/ 2/ khtl;l Ml;rpah;. brhj;Jfspd; re;ij kjpg;g[ kw;Wk; Mtzj;jpd; kPJ brYj;jg;gl;l Kj;jpiuf; fl;lzk; Mfpatw;iwj; jPh;khdpj;J. Kjy; mwptpg;g[ ehs; Kjy; 3 khj';fSf;Fs;shf cj;juitg; gpwg;gpf;f. tpjpfspd; tpjp 7 ghpe;Jiug;gJ mwpt[Wj;jyhdjh> my;yJ fz;og;ghdjh>,t;tpdhthdJ. rpwg;g[ mDkjp kD (chpikapay;) vz; 17103-2019?,d; K:yk; vGk; nky;KiwaPl;ilj; jtpu midj;J nky;KiwaPLfspYk; vGfpwJ/ 3/ gjpt[ bgWgth;fshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gLk; nky;KiwaPl;il Kot[bra;ifapy;. nky;KiwaPl;L mjpfhhpahdth;. brhj;jpd; kjpg;ig cah;j;j. rl;lg;gphpt[ 47(m)?,d; fPH; mjpfhuKilatuh>,t;tpdhthdJ rpwg;g[ mDkjp kD (chpikapay;) vz;fs; 31633?31637-2018?,d; K:yk; vGk; nky;KiwaPl;oy; kl;Lnk vGfpwJ/ 7/,t;tpdhf;fis eh';fs; tpthjpf;Fk; Kd;dh;. Kjypy; tpjp 6?I kPWjy; bjhlh;ghf Fw;w";rhl;lg;gLk; gpur;rpidahdJ ifahsg;gl Kaw;rpf;fg;glyhk;/ nky;KiwaPl;L kDtpy;. Kjd;ikahd tplaj;jpy;. gpd;tUk; fhuz';fs; fUj;jpw;bfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd:- @vy;/ Vbddpy;. tpjpfspd; tpjp 6?f;fpz';f brhj;Jfspd; re;ij kjpg;igj; jPh;khdpj;J. gotk; II?apyhd jw;fhypf mwptpg;g[fs; 2?Mk; kDjhuuhy; mDg;gg;gl;ld vd;gij Ma;t[bra;a khz;g[kpF cah; ePjpkd;wk; jtwptpl;lJ/ tpjp 6?,d; fPH; tFf;fg;gl;l tpjpahdJ Kiwahfg; gpd;gw;wg;gl;L. tpjp 6?,d; tGty; epfHhjtplj;J. jw;bghGija tHf;fpy; bghUz;ikfis Ma;t[ bra;ahky;. vjph;kDjhuUf;F Mjuthf cj;juitg; gpwg;gpj;jypy; cah; ePjpkd;wk; jtwpiHj;Jtpl;lJ/ vk;/ Vbddpy;. gotk; I my;yJ gotk; II?,y; mDg;gg;gl;l mwptpg;g[fSf;bfjpuhf vjph;kDjhuhplkpUe;J Ml;nrgiz VJk; bgwg;glhjjhy;. mjw;fpz';f. 2?Mk; kDjhuh;,Wjp cj;juitg; gpwg;gpf;f Kw;gl;lhh; vd;gij Ma;t[bra;a. khz;g[kpF cah; ePjpkd;wk; jtwptpl;lJ/,Wjp re;ij kjpg;ig Kot[ bra;tjw;fhd eilKiwahdJ. tpjpfSf;fpz';f bghUj;jkhfg; gpd;gw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ/@ mj;jifa kPWjy; fhuzk; VJk; vGg;gg;gl;ljhf nky;KiwaPl;L cj;jut[ Twtpy;iy/ vdnt eh';fs;. tpjp 6?,d; fPH; ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLk; eilKiw kPwy; vija[k; fhztpy;iy/ rpwg;g[ mDkjp kD (chpikapay;) vz;fs; 17103-2019 kw;Wk; 31633?31637-2018 Mfpatw;wpd; K:yk; vGk; nky;KiwaPLfspy;,Jnghd;w N:H;epiyfs; milfpd;wd/ 8/ tpdh vz; 1 bjhlh;ghf. tpjp 11(m)?,d; fPH; nky;KiwaPl;L mjpfhhpahdth; ve;jbthU mYtyh; my;yJ mjpfhhp vthplkpUe;Jk;. ve;jj; jftiya[k; nfhuyhk; kw;Wk; brhj;ijg; ghh;itapl;L mwpf;if mDg;g[khW murpd; fPHhd mYtyh; my;yJ mjpfhhp my;yJ muR mYtyh; vtiua[k; gzpf;fKoa[k;/ brhj;ij. mj;jifa Ma;t[ bra;a itj;jy; my;yJ rhd;iw nrfhpj;jy; kw;Wk; mwpf;if nfhUjy;. jk;Kila mog;gilg; gzpia xg;gilj;jyhfhbjd nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; jug;gpy; thjplg;gl;lJ/ xt;bthU nky;KiwaPl;oYk;. brhj;Jfis neuoahf Ma;t[bra;jy; vd;gJ kdpj hPjpapy; rhj;jpaky;y/ mjw;Fg;gjpyhf. vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; jug;gpy; thjplg;gl;ljhtJ:m) xg;gilf;fg;glf;Toa mjpfhu';fs; Fwpg;ghf rl;lg;gphpt[ 76(m)?,d; fPH; jug;gLfpd;wd/ rl;lg;gphpt[ 47(m)?,d; fPHhd mjpfhuk; mj;jifa xd;wy;y; kw;Wk; M) bghWg;g[ xg;gilf;Fk; mjpfhukhdJ rl;lj;jpd; fPH; btspg;gilahfnth my;yJ cl;fpilahfnth mspf;fg;gl;lhyd;wp. mjpfhukhdJ bghWg;g[ xg;gilf;fg;glKoahJ; (,f;nfhl;ghl;ow;F Mjuthf rhdp rpy;f; kpy;!; (gp) ypkpbll; kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? khepy gzpahsh;fs; fhg;gPl;L epWtdk;4 vd;w tHf;fpy;.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; KothdJ rhh;e;Jepw;fg;gLfpwJ)/ 9/ gpuj;ahj; Fkhh; ngh!; ?vjph;? khz;g[kpF bfhy;fj;jh cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jiyik ePjpgjp[5] vd;w tHf;fpy; cah; ePjpkd;w gjpthsUf;F vjpuhd Fw;wr;rhl;il tprhhpj;J mwpf;if rkh;g;gpf;FkhW fy;fj;jh cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; jiyik ePjpaurh; me;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; xU ePjpauriu epakpj;jhh;/ mwpf;ifiag; ghprPypj;J tprhhpj;j gpd;dh;. gjpthsh;. gzpapypUe;J ePf;fg;gl;lhh;/ jiyik ePjpaurh;. kw;bwhU ePjpaurUf;F tprhuiz mjpfhuj;ij xg;gilj;jpUf;ff;TlhJ vd;w thjj;ijf; ifahSifapy;.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; murikg;g[ mkh;thdJ nfhl;ghLfisf; fPH;f;fhQqkhW bjhptpj;jJ:- @/// /// tprhhpj;J mwpf;if rkh;g;gpf;FkhW bghWg;ghd kw;Wk; jFe;j mjpfhhpia epakpg;gjhnyna. rl;lg;g{h;t gzprhh;e;j mj;jifa mjpfhuj;ijr; bray;gLj;Jjiy. jd;Dila gzpfis xg;gilj;Jtpl;ljhff; Twg;glKoahJ vd;gJ ed;F m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;ljhFk;/ mJjhd; ve;j eph;thf mjpfhuj;ija[k; bray;gLj;Jk; xU rhjhuz KiwahFk;/ rl;lk; Fwpg;gpl;L. TWtdtw;iwj; jtpu 4/ (1994) 5 v!;/rp/rp/ 346 5/ (1955) 2 v!;/rp/Mh;/ 1331 xg;gilf;fg;glKoahjJ ahbjdpy;.? mj;jifa mjpfhuj;ijr; bray;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mjpfgl;r flikna MFk;/ fy;tp thhpak; (nghh;L M`g; v$^nfc&d;) ?vjph;? iu!;6 vd;w tHf;fpy;. mur ePjpg; nguitapdhy; (cwt[!; M`g; yhh;l;!;) Fwpg;gplg;gl;lJnghd;W.,t;tHf;fpy; bjhlh;g[ilaJnghd;W eph;thf tplaj;ij Kot[bra;antz;oa[s;s xUth;. jhd; bray;gl ntz;oa[s;s mog;gil Mtz';fis rhj;jpakhd kw;Wk; trjpahdtifapy; bgwyhk;; Fwpg;g[. bjhlh;g[ila kw;Wk; @ghjpf;ff;Toa Mtzj;ij rhpbra;anth my;yJ Kuz;glnth. ghjpf;fg;gl;l egh; kl;Lnk neh;ikahd re;jh;g;gk; bgw;wpUf;fpd;whh;/@ cs;shl;rp thhpak; (nyhf;fy; fth;bkz;l; nghh;L) ?vjph;? mh;ypl;$;7 vd;w tHf;fpy; yhh;l; rhd;bry;yh; mth;fspd; brhw;bghHptpd; gpd;tUk; gj;jpahdJ vjpuhdJk; kw;Wk; mwpt[Wj;JtjhFk;: @khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh;fnsǃ jug;gpdh;fSf;F,ilapyhd gpur;rpidf;Fhpa tpdhthdJ Kotpw;fhf xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;s eph;thf 6/ (1911) v/rp/ 179. 182 7/ (1915) v/rp/ 120. 133 mikg;gpd; epiyg;ghl;L fUj;jpw;F ehd; cld;gLfpd;nwd;/ ehd; TwpapUg;gJnghd;W. mjd; tprhuizapd; KothdJ. mjd; rhjhuz eilKiwahdJ vl;lg;gLtjw;F. rl;lj;jpy; mjw;Fkhwhd gzpj;jy; VJkpy;yhjepiyapy; nkw;bfhs;sg;glntz;Lk;/ cs;shl;rpj; Jiw thhpaj;ijg; bghWj;jtiu,e;eilKiw vd;d vd;gjpy; IankJkpy;iy/ thhpaj;jpd; jiyikapYs;s mikr;rh;. gpw mikr;rh;fisg;nghd;W ehlhSkd;wj;jpw;Fg; bghWg;ghdth;/ mth;. jhd; bra;tjw;F kl;Lkpd;wp. mtUila Jiwapy; bra;ag;gLk; midj;Jr; bray;fSf;Fk; bghWg;ghdth;/ mthplk; xg;gilf;fg;gLk; gzpapd; mst[ kpFjpahdjhFk;. mk;kpFjpahdg; bgUk;gzpiaj; jhnd mth; bra;aKoahJ/ mth;. jk;Kila Mtz';fisj; jd;Dila mjpfhhpfs; K:yk; bgw;W. mth; jhkhfnt Mtz';fis Kiwahfg; bgw;wJnghd;W md;W mth; jk;Kila flikfis epiwntw;w vjph;g;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;whh;/,jw;Fk; mg;ghy; mtUila flikia ePl;of;f Kaw;rpg;gJk; kw;Wk; mtUk; thhpaj;jpd; gpw cWg;gpdh;fSk;. xt;bthd;iwa[k; jhnk epiwntw;w tw;g[Wj;JtJk;. mtUila jpwikiaf; Fiwg;gjhFk;/ khwhf. ePjpkd;wj;jpYs;s xU ePjpgjpahdth;. mth; Rje;jpukhdth; kl;Lky;y. jd;Dila gzpahsh;fspd; cjtpfisr; rhh;e;jpUf;FkhW mth; eph;ge;jpf;fg;gLfpwhh;/@ 10/ a{dpad; M`g;,e;jpah kw;Wk; xUth; ?vjph;? gp/nf/ uha; kw;Wk; gyh;8 vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; kw;bwhU murikg;g[ mkh;thdJ fPH;f;fhQqkhW tiuaWj;jJ:- @/// /// ntW brhw;fspy; TWtjhdhy;. gzp xg;gilf;fg;bgw;wth; Kd;ndw;ghL bra;at[k; kw;Wk; Jtf;f Kot[ vLf;ft[k; rl;lg;g{h;t mjpfhhp. mjpfhukspj;J. Mdhy;. vLf;fg;gl;l Koit m';fPfhpf;ft[k;. epuhfhpf;ft[khd mjpfhuj;ij jd;dplk; epWj;jpf;bfhs;thbudpy;. me;j KothdJ mtUila brhe;j Kothf kjpf;fg;gLtjw;F mt;tjpfhhpahy; guhkhpf;fg;gLk; fl;Lg;ghl;L msthdJ nghJkhdbjdpy; bry;yj;jf;f Kot[ vLf;fg;gl;oUg;gjhfj; jPh;g;gspf;fg;gLk;/ jw;bghGija tHf;fpy; fhzg;gLk; bghUz;ikapd; jWthapy;. @ika murpdhy; jd;Dila rl;lg;g{h;t mjpfhu';fs; kw;Wk; flikfs; Kiwapd;wp xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd/ vdnt. 8/ (1968) 2 v!;/rp/Mh;/ 186 1962?Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; jp';fs; 6?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l,Wjp jug;gl;oayhdJ rl;lj;jpw;f;F mg;ghw;gl;lJ kw;Wk; rl;l tpnuhjkhdJ@ vdj; jPh;g;gspj;jjpy; cah; ePjpkd;wk; jtwpiHj;Jtpl;lbjd eh';fs; fUJfpd;nwhk;/ xU';fpizj;jy; gzpahdJ. Kw;wpYk; ika murplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;w mDkhdj;jpd; mog;gilapY';Tl. jw;bghGija tHf;fpy; xU';fpizj;jy; tplaj;jpy; ika murpdhy; nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;l eltof;iffs;. mjd; mtrpa rl;lg;g{h;t gzpfis xg;gilj;jyhfhJ vd eh';fs; fUJfpd;nwhk;/ gzpfis xU';fpizj;jy; tplaj;jpy; VnjDk; tpjj;jpy; khepy murpd; cjtpiag; bgWtjpy; ika muir jLg;gjhf nkw;go rl;lg;gphpt[fs; 115 my;yJ 117?,y; VJkpy;iy/ cr;rf;fl;l xU';fpizj;jy; gzpahdJ ika murpd; mDkjp kw;Wk; m';fPfhuj;Jld; bra;ag;gLk;tiuapy; kw;Wk;,t;tplaj;jpy; khepy muRfspd; bray;ghLfs; kPJ ika murhdJ bghJthd fl;Lg;ghl;il bray;gLj;Jk;tiuapy;. @mspg;gilt[ mjpfhuj;ij kPl;lspf;f,ayhJ@ vd;w nfhl;ghl;od; ahbjhU kPwYk;,Ug;gjhfj; jPh;g;gspf;fg;glKoahJ/ vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf. gpuj;tl; Fkhh; ngh!; ?vjph;? khz;g[kpF fy;fj;jh cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jiyik ePjpgjp[5] vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy; fUj;J bjhptpf;fg;gl;lJ/@ 11/ !;nll; M`g; gk;gha; (kcwhuhc&;ouh) ?vjph;? rpt;ghyf; bfshpr';fh; Jng kw;Wk; gyh;9 vd;w tHf;fpy; @1948?Mk; Mz;ila gk;gha; thlif kw;Wk; tptrha epy';fs; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 65(1)?,d; fPHhd tprhhpf;Fk; flikia khepy muR xg;gilj;jpUf;ff;TlhJ@ vd;w cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; KothdJ nky;KiwaPl;oypUe;jJ/ nkw;go cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuia ePf;fwt[ bra;ifapy; fUj;J bjhptpf;fg;gl;ljhtJ:- @cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy; vLf;fg;gl;l Kotpd; Fiwghl;il czh;e;J. jpU/ gjhf;. ntbwhU fhuzj;jpd; mog;gilapy; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Koit Mjhpf;f Kad;whh;/ tprhuizahdJ. rl;lg;gphpt[ 65?,d; fPH; Jiz Ml;rpauhy; elj;jg;glhky;. fpuhk epUthf mYtyh; (jyhjp) kw;Wk; tUtha;j; Jiw jiyik mYtyh; (kk;yhlhh;) Mfpnahuhy; elj;jg;gl;lijaLj;J Jiz Ml;rpauhy; (blg[o fbyf;lh;) mspf;fg;gl;l cWjpahdJ bry;yj;jf;fjy;y vd mth; thjpl;lhh;/ ntW brhw;fspy; TWtjhdhy;. 9/ (1965) 1 v!;/rp/Mh;/ 211 khepy murhdJ. jd;Dila mjpfhu';fis rl;lg;gphpt[ 65(1)?,d; fPH; bry;yj;jf;fthW Jiz Ml;rpahplk; xg;gilj;jpUf;fyhk;; Mdhy; khepy murpd; mjpfhu';fis xg;gilf;fg;bgw;wtuhd Jiz Ml;rpah;. kPz;Lk; jd;Dila mjpfhuj;jpd; xU gFjpia jd;Dila fPH; gzpahsUf;F xg;gilf;f KoahJ/ jw;bghGija tHf;fpy; mth; bra;jpUf;fpd;whh; vd;gJ mtUila thjkhFk;/ gphpt[ 65(1)?,d; fPH; jd;Dila mjpfhu';fis bray;gLj;Jtjpy;. Jiz Ml;rpah; jhnk tprhuizia elj;jntz;Lnkad;wp. mj;jifa tprhhpf;Fk; gzpia jd;Dila fPHik tUtha; mYtyh; vthplKk; xg;gilf;fKoahJ/ jiyikapypUe;J mjpfhu';fis xg;gilf;fg; bgw;wth;. jd;Dila mjpfhuj;ij jdf;F fPHik mYtyhplk; xg;gilf;fKoahJ vd;gjpy; IankJkpy;iy/ Mdhy;. jw;bghGija tHf;fpy; mhpjhf xg;gilg;g[ tpdh cs;sJ/ gphpt[ 65(1) nfhUtbjy;yhk; khepy murhdJ. mjd; xg;gilg;ghsh; mj;jifa tprhuizia Koj;j gpd;dh;. jhd; cfe;jjhff; fUJtJnghd;W. epyj;jpd; nkyhz;ik ifbfhs;sg;glntz;Lk;/ ntWbrhw;fspy; TWtjhdhy;. vt;totj;jpy; tprhuiz elj;jg;glntz;Lk; vd;gJ Kw;wpYk; khepy muR my;yJ mjd; mjpfhu';fs; xg;gilf;fg;bgw;wthpd; tpUg;gj;jpw;F tplg;gLfpwJ/ jw;bghGija tHf;fpy;. Jiz Ml;rpah; bra;jpUg;gbjy;yhk; tprhuiz nehf;fpw;F bjhlh;g[ila Mtz';fis nrfhpf;f jd;Dila fPHik mYtyiug; gzpg;gJjhd;/ fpuhk epUthf mYtyh; (jyhj;jp) jsj;jpw;Fr;brd;W. vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; epy';fs; njitahd fhyj;jpw;F jhpR epy';fshf,Ue;jdth> vd;gij cWjpbra;jhh;/ mth;. jk;Kila mwpf;ifia tUtha; jiyik mYtyhplk; (kk;yhlhh;) rkh;g;gpj;jhh;/ tUtha; jiyik mYtyh; (kk;yhlhh;) jd;Dila mwpf;ifia Jiz Ml;rpahplk; rkh;g;gpj;jhh;/ ntW brhw;fspy; TWtjhdhy;. Jiz Ml;rpah; bra;jpUg;gbjy;yhk; bjhlh;g[ila Mtzj;ij nrfhpf;ft[k;. mjd;K:yk; epy';fs; jhpR epy';fshf cs;sdth>,y;iyah> vd;gJ bjhlh;ghd tpdhit tprhhpg;gjw;fhfj;jhd;/ v';fSila fUj;jpy;.,e;eilKiwahdJ. vt;tpjj;jpYk; xg;gilg;gjhd tpdhit bjhlh;g[gLj;jtpy;iy/ tprhuizapd; totk; kw;Wk; mjd; Kiw Mfpa midj;Jk; Jiz Ml;rpahpd; tpUg;gj;ijr; rhh;e;jjhFk;/ Jiz Ml;rpah;. tptrha epy';fSf;Fr;brd;W mit jhpR epy';fshf cs;sdth> vd;gJ Fwpj;J tprhhpf;fntz;Lbkd gphpt[ 65(1) nfhutpy;iy/ mth; tpUk;g[thbudpy;. mtnu rhd;iw gjpayhk; my;yJ rhd;iw gjpjy; kw;Wk; fs Ma;t[ bra;jy; Mfpait fPHik mYtyhplk; tplg;glyhk;/ mj;jifa cs;S:h; Ma;twpf;if kw;Wk; mijr;rhh;e;J nrfhpf;fg;gl;l rhd;Wg; gjpt[ Mfpait Jiz Ml;rpaUf;F mDg;gg;gLk;. mitna. mth; tprhuiz elj;Jtjw;fhd MtzkhFk;/ Mtzj;ij nrfhpf;Fk; gzpahdJ. fPHik tUtha; mYtyhplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sbghGjpYk;,t;thwhf tprhuizahdJ Jiz Ml;rpauhy; elj;jg;gLfpwJ/ mj;jifa tHf;fpy;. @xg;gilf;fg;bgw;wth; xg;gilf;f KoahJ@ vd;w nfhl;ghL vt;thW bray;ghl;ow;F tUfpwJ vd eh';fs; fhztpy;iy/@ 12/ rhdp rpy;f; kpy;!;4 vd;w tHf;fpy;. rl;l tpdhthdJ. fHfj;jpdhy; rpy Fwpg;gpl;l mjpfhu';fs; xg;gilf;fg;bgw;Ws;s mYtynuh my;yJ mjpfhhpnah. nkw;go mjpfhu';fis nkYk; kW xg;gilg;g[ bra;aKoa[kh> vd;gjhFk;/ mJ,t;thwhf,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy; fUj;J bjhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ:- @5/ rhjhuzkhf. rl;l';fshy; m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;l egh;fs; my;yJ mikg;g[fshy; mjpfhu';fs; bray;gLj;jg;gl ntz;Lbkd;gjpy; ePjpkd;w';fs; fLikahf cs;sd/ ve;j mjpfhhpaplk; mjpfhuk; xg;gilf;fg;gLfpwnjh> mtnu mt;tjpfhuj;ij bray;gLj;jntz;Lk; vd;gJk;. mtud;wp ntbwhUtuhy; bray;gLj;jg;glf;TlhJ vd;gJk; mtrpakhFk;/ mnjneuj;jpy;. jw;bghGija eph;thf mikg;gpy;. xg;gilj;jYf;F ePjpj;Jiwapd; mjpfgl;r btWg;ghdJ cr;repiyf;Ff; bfhz;Lbry;yg;glKoahJ/ muRj; JiwahdJ jd;Dila mjpfhuj;ij bray;gLj;j Kfikia epakpj;Jf;bfhs;s Rje;jpuKilajhFk;/ mjdhy;jhd;. gy fl;l';fspy;. xg;gilj;jyhdJ btspg;gilahfnth my;yJ cl;fpilahfnth m';fPfhpf;fg;gLfpwJ/ rl;lg;g{h;t mjpfhhpfshy; ifahsg;glntz;oa eltof;iffs; bgUkstpy; vGtjhy;. mjpfg;goahf @mspg;gilt[ mjpfhuj;ij kPl;lspf;f,ayhJ@ vd;w nfhl;ghlhdJ Fwpg;ghf cs;sJ/ 6/,g;bghGJ ve;jbthU rl;lg;g{h;t mikg;g[k; jk;Kila mjpfhuj;ij ntbwhU mjpfhhpf;F xg;gilf;f. rl;lk; mDkjpf;fKoa[k; vd;gJ bgUk;ghYk; jPh;t[bra;ag;gl;l xd;whFk;; epr;rakhf. rl;lj;jpnyna mf;bfhs;ifahdJ bjhptpf;fg;gl;l gpd;dh;. mj;jifa xg;gilf;fg;bgw;wth; mjd; tiuaiwf;Fl;gl;L jd;Dila mjpfhuj;ij bray;gLj;jntz;Lk;/ kW xg;gilg;g[,Uf;Fk;bghGJjhd; cz;ikg; gpur;rpid Kuz;ghL vGfpwJ/ xU gzpia epiwntw;w ehlhSkd;wkhdJ Fwpg;ghf xU mjpfhhpia epakpj;jbghGJ. mt;tjpfhhpahdth;. ntbwhU egUf;F jd;Dila mjpfhuj;ij xg;gilj;J. mt;tplj;jpy; bray;glitf;f Rje;jpuKilatbud Vw;bfdnt a{fpf;fg;glKoahJ/ ghpak; bfkpf;fy; ypkpbll; ?vjph;? fk;bgdp yh nghh;L10 vd;w tHf;fpy; kW xg;gilg;g[ bjhlh;ghf,e;ePjpkd;wk; TwpajhtJ: @xg;gilg;g[ mjpfhuj;ij kW xg;gilg;g[ bra;a,ayhJ vd;Dk; Nj;jpuj;ij kdjpw;bfhz;L btspg;gilahd tpjp my;yJ njitahd rl;l nrh;f;ifapd; K:yk; mDkjpf;fg;gLbkdpy;. kW xg;gilg;ghdJ epiyepWj;jg;glKoa[k; vd Fwpg;gpLfpwJ/@ 10/ V/I/Mh;/ 1967 v!;/rp/ 295: 1966 rg;sp/ v!;/rp/Mh;/ 311 7/ kPz;Lk;. k';Fyhy; Ndpyhy; ?vjph;? kzpyhy; kfd;yhy;11 vd;w tHf;fpy;. gk;gha; khfhzk; efuhl;rp rl;lk;. (59-1949) gphpt[ 481(1)(m)?I ghprPypf;ifapy; mfkjhghj; khefuhl;rp Mizah; jd;Dila mjpfhuj;ija[k; kw;Wk; Fw;wk; Rkj;jg;gl;l egUf;bfjpuhf rl;lk; my;yJ tpjpfspd; fPH; eltof;iffs; vLf;Fk; bray;ghl;ila[k; nkw;go rl;lj;jpd; fPH; efuhl;rp mYtyUf;F xg;gilj;jpUe;jhh;; mj;jifa bray;ghLfs; xg;gilf;fg;bgw;w mt;tYtyh;. mtw;iw nkYk; kw;bwhUtUf;F xg;gilf;fg;glKoahJ vd,e;ePjpkd;wk; TwpaJ/ 8/ mj;jifa mjpfhuk; xg;gilg;g[ bjhlh;ghf.,';fpyhe;jpd; cwhy;!;bghp rl;l';fs;. 4?Mk; gjpg;g[. bjhFjp?I?,y; Twg;gl;oUg;gjhtJ: @xg;gilg;g[ mjpfhuj;ij kW xg;gilg;g[ bra;atpayhJ vd;Dk; N:j;jpuj;jpw;fpz';f. rl;lg;g{h;t mjpfhukhdJ ve;j mikg;g[ my;yJ mYtyhplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;snjh. mt;tikg;g[ my;yJ mYtyuhnyna bray;gLj;jg;glntz;Lk;. 11/ V/I/Mh;/ 1968 v!;/rp/ 822: (1968) 2 v!;/rp/Mh;/ 401 (bcwr;/ nybtz;lh; & rd; ypkpbll; ?vjph;? tPL kw;Wk; cs;Jiw mikr;rh;12 ). btspg;gilahd brhw;fs; my;yJ rl;l nrh;f;ifapd; K:yk; kW xg;gilg;ghdJ m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;lhyd;wp (R';fk; kw;Wk; jPh;it Mizah; ?vjph;? fpa{h; & Ony ypkpbll;13 kw;Wk; k';bfhdp ?vjph;? tlf;F buhorpah jiyik muR tHf;Fiu"h;14 ) cl;fpilahf kW xg;gilg;ig m';fPfhpg;gjw;fhd rl;lg;g{h;t my;yJ ePjpj; Jiw rhh;e;j my;yJ xGf;f eltof;if mjpfhuj;ij a{fpg;gjw;F vjpuhf cWjpahd mDkhdk; cs;sJ; mJnt. ve;j mjpfhuj;ija[k; bray;gLj;j epakpf;fg;gl;l mikg;ghdJ jd;Dila brhe;j mwpitg; gad;gLj;jntz;Lk; vd Twg;gLfpwJ Myk; & nfh ?vjph;? Inuhg;gh ngh!;lh; rh;tP!!; ypkpbll;15 / ///@ 9/ cwhpc&';fh; ngf;yh ?vjph;? kj;jpa gpunjr khepy muR16 vd;w tHf;fpy;. 1946?Mk; Mz;ila mtru 12/ (1970) 3 My;/,/Mh;/ 871: (1970) 1 lg[s;a{/vy;/Mh;/ 1231 13/ (1962) 1 f;a{/gp/ 340: (1961) 3 My;/,/Mh;/ 641: (1961) 3 lgps;a{/vy;/Mh;/ 798 14/ (1960) 1 My;/,/Mh;/ 446: (1960) 2 lgps;a{/vy;/Mh;/ 389: 1960 v/rp/ 336. gp/rp/ 15/ (1968) 1 My;/,/Mh;/ 826: (1968) 1 lgps;a{/vy;/Mh;/ 638 16/ V/I/Mh;/ 1954 v!;/rp/ 465. 468: (1955) 1 v!;/rp/Mh;/ 380 tH';fy;fs; (jw;fhypf mjpfhu';fs;) rl;lg;gphpt[ 4?,d; tuk;ig Ma;t[ bra;ifapy; Twg;gl;ljhtJ:- @jdf;Ff; fPHhd VnjDk; mYtyh;. mjpfhhpf;F my;yJ khfhz muRf;F my;yJ khfhz muRf;F fPHhd VnjDk; mYtyh; my;yJ mjpfhhpf;F. ika murpdhy; gzpf;fg;gLtjpy; Fwpg;gplg;gLtJ nghd;W. gphpt[ 3?,d; fPH; cj;jut[fisg; gpwg;gpf;Fk; jd;Dila brhe;j mjpfhuj;ij xg;gilf;f. rl;lg;gphpt[ 4 mjpfhuk; mspf;fpwJ vd;w fhuzj;jpd; mog;gilapy; mg;gphpthdJ gHpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ ntW brhw;fspy; TWtjhdhy;. xg;gilg;g[bgw;wth; gphpt[ 3?,d; fPHhd mjpfhuj;ijr; bray;gLj;JtJ bjhlh;ghf jd;dplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;l mjpfhuj;ij ntW xUtUf;F kW xg;gilg;g[ bra;a m';fPfhpj;Js;sJ/ gphpt[ 3?,d; fPHhd mjpfhuj;ijr; bray;gLj;Jk; mYtyh; my;yJ mjpfhhp ahh; vd;gij Fwpg;gpLtJ rl;lj;ijr; rhh;e;jjhFk;/ mjpfhuj;ij ve;j mYtyh; my;yJ mjpfhhp bray;gLj;Jthh; vd;gijf; Tw ika murpw;F mjpfhuj;ij mspg;gJ rl;lj;ijr; rhh;e;jjy;y vd jpU/ mk;hpfh; thjpl;lhh;/,Jbjhlh;ghf. If;fpa mbkhpf;fhtpd; cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpd;,U jPh;g;g[iufs; ghh;itaplg;gl;ld/ mit. a[idbll; !;nll; M`g; mbkhpf;fh ? gdhkh hPigdp'; & nfh ?vjph;? uhad;17 kw;Wk; bc&f;nlh; ?vjph;? a[idbll; !;nll;!;18 /,t;tpU tHf;FfspYk;. bfhs;ifahdJ tFf;fg;gl;L kw;Wk; rl;lj;jpdhy; jukhdJ epWtg;gl;ltiuapy;. ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l tiuaiwf;Fs; Jiz tpjpfis cUthf;f. njh;e;bjLf;fg;gl;l mikg;gplk; tplg;gLtjpy;. epge;jidaw;w rl;lk;,aw;Wk; mjpfhuk; xg;gilg;g[ kw;Wk; rl;lj;jpdhy; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJnghd;W bfhs;if bghUe;Jk;. bghUz;ikfisj; jPh;khdpj;jy; Mfpait cs;slf;fg;gLtjpy;iy/ ika murpdhy; vg;gphpt[ egh;fSf;F mjpfhukhdJ ika murpdhy; xg;gilf;fnth my;yJ kW xg;gilt[ bra;ag;glnth Koa[k; vd;gij gphpt[ 4 gl;oaypLfpwJ vd eh';fs; epidg;gJnghd;W. v';fs; jPh;g;g[iuapYs;s,k;Kot[fs; jpU/ mk;hpfh; mth;fs; thjj;jpw;F cjttpy;iy kw;Wk; Jiz mikg;g[fs; rl;lj;jpdhnyna njh;e;bjLf;fg;gl;oUf;ftpy;iy vd TWtJ rhpay;y/@ 17/ (1934) 293 a[/v!;/ 388: 79 vy;/,/o/ 446 18/ (1934) 295 a[/v!;/ 495: 79 vy;/,/o/ 1570 nkw;Twg;gl;l tHf;fpy;. kW xg;gilg;ghdJ cWjpbra;ag;gl;lJ; Vbddpy;. vg;gphpt[fspd; egh;fSf;F mjpfhukhdJ ika murpdhy; xg;gilf;fg;glnth my;yJ kW xg;gilg;g[ bra;ag;glnth Koa[k; vd;gij gphpt[ 4 gl;oaypLfpwJ/ 10/ jw;bghGija gphpt[ 94(m)?I bghWj;jtiuapy;. khefuhl;rpahdJ mjd; jug;gpy; cUthf;fg;gl;l VnjDk; tpjpKiwf;Fl;gl;L. jd;dhy; (khefuhl;rpahy;) bray;gLj;jg;gLk; my;yJ epiwntw;wg;gLk; Fwpg;gpl;l my;yJ VnjDk; mjpfhu';fs; kw;Wk; bray;ghLfis. mj;jifa tpla';fs; my;yJ epge;jidfSf;Fl;gl;L. @khefuhl;rpf;F fPHhd mYtyh; my;yJ mjpfhhpahy; bray;gLj;jg;gl gzpf;fyhk;@ vd mJ TWfpwJ/ khefuhl;rpapdhy; mjpfhuk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;l mjd; fPHhd mYtyh; my;yJ mjpfhhpahdth;. mt;tjpfhuk; my;yJ bray;ghl;il epiwntw;w ntbwhU mYtyh; my;yJ mjpfhhpia m';fPfhpf;f gphpt[ 94(m) Fwpg;gpl;L Twtpy;iy/ Mdhy;. 28/2/1976?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l jPh;khdj;jpd; K:yk;. khefuhl;rpahdJ jiyik,af;FeUf;F rl;lg;gphpt[ 85(M)(1)?,d; fPHhd jd;Dila mjpfhuj;ij kl;Lnk xg;gilf;ftpy;iy/ nkw;go mjpfhuj;ijr; bray;gLj;j ntbwhU mjpfhhpia m';fPfhpf;ft[k; mtUf;F (jiyik,af;Feh;) mjpfhuk; mspj;Js;sJ/ khefuhl;rpahdJ. jdf;Ff; fPHhd VnjDk; mYtyh; my;yJ mjpfhhpf;F. jd;Dila VnjDk; mjpfhu';fs; kw;Wk; bray;ghLfis xg;gilf;ft[k; kw;Wk; mt;tYtyh; my;yJ mjpfhhpahdth;. mt;tjpfhuj;ijr; bray;gLj;j ntbwhU mYtyh; my;yJ mjpfhhpf;F kW xg;gilg;g[ bra;at[k;. rl;lg;gphpt[ 94(m) khefuhl;rpia,ay;tpf;fpwbjd jPh;g;g[ mspf;fg;gl;lhyd;wp. 28/2/1976?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l jPh;khdj;jpd;,Wjp gFjpahdJ rl;lg;gphpt[ 94(m)?,d; tuk;gpw;Fs;,Ug;gjhf jPh;g;gspf;fg;glKoahJ/ v';fisg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. ehlhSkd;wkhdJ. rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 94(m)?I mwpKfg;gLj;Jifapy;. khefuhl;rpf;Ff; fPHhd btt;ntW mYtyh;fs; my;yJ mjpfhhpfSf;F neuoahf mjpfhuj;ij xg;gilg;gij kl;Lnk fUjpaJ/ mj;jifa mjpfhuk; xg;gilf;fg;bgw;wth; xg;gilf;fg;gl;l mjpfhuj;ijr; bray;gLj;j ntnwnjDk; mYtyh; my;yJ mjpfhhpia m';fPfhpg;gjd; K:yk; mt;tjpfhuj;ij kW xg;gilg;g[ bra;tjw;F tuk;ngJk;,y;iy/@ 13/ rpj;jhh;j;jh rhut;fp ?vjph;? fy;fj;jh JiwKfj;jpw;fhd mw';fhth;fs; FGkk; kw;Wk; gyh;19 tHf;fhdJ,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy; fPH;f;fhQqkhW ifahsg;gl;lJ:- @5/ rpytw;iw bra;a egh; my;yJ mikg;gpw;F rl;lk; rhuhj-epUthfk; rhuhj mjpfhu';fs; xg;gilj;jy; bjhlh;ghf mjpfhuk; xg;gilf;fg;bgw;wth;. mj;jifa bray;ghLfisj; jhnk epiwntw;wntz;oa[s;sjh> my;yJ xg;gilj;jy; thrfj;jpd;go KobtLj;j gpd;dh;. nkw;go KfikahdJ mjd; epiwntw;wYf;fhf. gpwh; vtUf;Fk; mjpfhuk; mspf;fKoa[kh> vd;gnj ghprPypf;fg;glntz;oa tpdhthFk;/ xUKiw mjpfhuk; mspf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lhy;. nkw;go mjpfhuj;ijr; bray;gLj;jpa gpd;dh;. nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;l Koit vt;thW eilKiwg; gLj;JtJ vd;gJ. eilKiwiar; rhh;e;jjhFk;/ rl;lkhdJ. rl;lf; nfhl;ghl;il tFj;J gpd;dh; bfhs;if epiwntw;Wjy; bjhlh;ghf epUthf mikg;gpw;F jd;tpUg;g chpikaspj;J. mf;nfhl;ghl;L tuk;gpw;Fl;gl;L tphpthfr; braw;gLj;j. Kfikf;F20 19/ (2014) 16 v!;/rp/rp/ 248 20/ fk;ghypah khefuhl;rp ?vjph;? F$uhj; khepy muR. V/I/Mh;/ 1967 v!;/rp/ 1048?,y; gf;fk; 1051. gj;jp 7 tpl;Ltplntz;Lk;/ KobtLf;Fk; mtrpa bray;ghlhdJ mjpfhuk; xg;gilf;fg;bgw;wtuhy; epiwntw;wg;gLtijg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. Jiz kw;Wk; vGj;Jrhh; gzpia epiwntw;Wk; RikahdJ. Kjd;ik mjpfhuk; xg;gilg;gtuhy; Rkf;fg;glj; njitapy;iy/ Kjd;ik mjpfhuk; mspf;fg;gl;ltnu mikr;Rg; gzpfs; midj;ija[k; epiwntw;wntz;Lbkd;gJ njitaw;wJ/ mjpfhuk; xg;gilg;gpd;go. Kjd;ik mjpfhuk; mspf;fg;gl;ltuhy; Vw;bfdnt vLf;fg;gl;l Koit bray;gLj;Jtijj; bjhlh;e;J. mikr;Rg; gzp my;yJ vGj;Jrhh; gzpfs;. m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;l mYtyuhy; epiwntw;wg;glyhk;/ etPd fhy epUthfj;jpd; cl;rpf;fy; kw;Wk; bghUshjhuk; kw;Wk; rK:fj; Jiwapy; muRg; gzpapd; tphpthf;fk; Mfpait N:H;epiy nfhUk;bghGJ. rl;lkhdJ gy;ntW mjpfhhpfSf;F gue;j mjpfhu';fis mspf;fpwJ/,d;iwa muRg; gzpfs; kpFe;j rpf;fyhdit. mjpfhu';fs; xg;gilg;g[ njitahdJ jtph;f;f Koahjjhf;fpa[s;sJ/ epUthfj; jiyikahdJ xt;bthU gzpiaa[k; epiwntw;w vjph;g;ghh;f;fg;gl KoahJ/ 7/ rl;lg;g{h;t mjpfhuk; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;s KobtLf;Fk; mjpfhhpahdth;. N:H;epiynfhUk;bghGJ gzpia xg;gilf;f. epUthf eilKiw njitfs; my;yJ beUf;fo epiyfs; gzpf;fpd;wd/,t;thwhf. mjpfhhpahy; mspf;fg;gl;l mjpfhuj;ijr; bray;gLj;Jtijj; bjhlh;e;J. epUthf my;yJ mikr;Rg; gzpfis fPHik mjpfhhpfs; epiwntw;Wtjpy; @mspf;fg;gl;l mjpfhuj;ij kW xg;gilg;g[ bra;atpayhJ@ vd;w Nj;jpuk; tpyfpepw;fpwJ/@ 14/ fPH;f;fhQqk; nfhl;ghLfs;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kot[fspypUe;J bjhFf;fg;glKoa[k;: (i) mjpfhuj;ijr; bray;gLj;Jk; rl;lg;g{h;t bray;ghl;lhsh;. tprhhpj;J mwpf;if rkh;g;gpf;f. bghWg;g[tha;e;j kw;Wk; jFjptha;e;j mYtyiu epakpg;gjhnyna. mJ xU epUthf mjpfhuk; vija[k; bray;gLj;Jk; rhjhuz totk; vd;gjhy;. mth; jd;Dila bray;fis xg;gilj;Jtpl;ljhff; Twg;glKoahJ; (ii) rl;lg;g{h;t mjpfhhpahdth;. mjpfhuk; mspf;fg;gl;lth; Maj;jg; gzpfis nkw;bfhs;st[k; kw;Wk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;l tpla';fspy; Muk;gf;fl;l Kot[ vLf;ft[k;. mjpfhukspj;J. Mdhy; KobtLf;fg;gl;l gpd;dh;. mjid m';fPfhpf;Fk; my;yJ epuhfhpf;Fk; mjpfhuj;ij jd;Dila ifapy; epWj;jpf;bfhs;thbudpy;. KothdJ mjpfhhpapd; brhe;j Kothff; fUjg;gLtjw;F. mjpfhhpahy; guhkhpf;fg;gLk; fl;Lg;ghl;L mst[ nghJkhdbjdpy;. me;j KothdJ bry;yj;jf;ftifapy; vLf;fg;gl;oUg;gjhfj; jPh;g;gspf;fg;gLk;; (iii) kW xg;gilg;g[ tpla';fspY';Tl KobtLf;Fk; mtrpag; gzpahdJ mjpfhuk; mspf;fg;gl;ltuhy; epiwntw;wg;gLk;tiuapy;. Jiz kw;Wk; vGj;Jrhh; gzpfis epiwntw;Wk; RikahdJ. Kjd;ik mjpfhuk; mspf;fg;gl;ltuhy; Rkf;fg;glj; njitapy;iy kw;Wk; Kjd;ik mjpfhuk; mspf;fg;gl;ltnu mikr;Rg; gzpfis epiwntw;wntz;Lbkd;gJ my;y; kw;Wk; (iv) rl;lg;g{h;t mjpfhuk; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;s KobtLf;Fk; mjpfhhpahdth;. N:H;epiy nfhUk;bghGJ gzpia xg;gilf;f. epUthf eilKiwj; njitfs; my;yJ beUf;fo epiyfs; gzpf;fpd;wd/ 15/ tpjpfspd; tpjp 11(m)?MdJ VnjDk; muR mYtyh; my;yJ mjpfhhpaplkpUe;J VnjDk; jfty; my;yJ Mtzj;ijf; nfhut[k; kw;Wk; muR mYtyfk; my;yJ mikg;gpd; VnjDk; cWg;gpdhplkpUe;J Tw;iw gjpat[k; my;yJ muR mYtyfk; my;yJ mikg;gpd; VnjDk; cWg;gpdhplk; Ma;t[ bra;at[k; kw;Wk; Tw;iw gjpat[k;. nky;KiwaPl;L mjpfhhpf;F mjpfhuk; mspf;fpwJ/,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy; tFf;fg;gl;l nfhl;ghLfspd; thpirapy;. mj;jifa mjpfhuj;ijr; bray;gLj;Jtjpy;. nky;KiwaPl;L mjpfhhpahdth; VnjDk; jfty; my;yJ Mtzk; my;yJ VnjDk; jut[fs; nfhUthbudpy;. mJnt. mtrpag; gzpia xg;gilj;jyhfhJ vdf; Twg;glKoa[k;/ mj;jifa mjpfhuj;jpd;go. nky;KiwaPl;L mjpfhhpahdth; rpy bghUz;ikfis tprhhpj;J mwpf;if rkh;g;gpf;FkhW xU bghWg;g[tha;e;j mYtyiu epakpg;ghbudpy;. mJ nky;KiwaPl;lhshplk; mspf;fg;gl;l mjpfhuj;ijr; bray;gLj;Jk; xU rhjhuz KiwahFk;/ Ma;t[ bra;j gpd;dh; jfty;fisr; nrfhpj;jy; nghd;w gzpfis xg;gilf;f. nky;KiwaPl;L mjpfhhpf;F,ayntz;Lbkd;gij eilKiwj; njitfSk; kw;Wk; epUthf beUf;fofSk; nfhUfpd;wd/ mtrpag; gzpiag; bghWj;jtiuapy;. mjhtJ. njitahd midj;J bghUz;ikfs; kw;Wk; jut[fs; Mfpatw;iwg; ghprPypj;J. KobtLf;fg;gl;l gpd;dh; nky;KiwaPl;L mjpfhhpahy; epiwntw;wg;gLfpwJ. Jizg; gzpfis epiwntw;Wk; RikahdJ nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhy; Rkf;fg;glj;njitapy;iy/ 16/ rl;lg;gphpt[ 76(m)?,d; mog;gilapyhd thjkhdJ Kw;wpYk; jtwhf itf;fg;gl;ljhFk; kw;Wk; Vw;fj;jfhjjhFk;/ gphpt[ 76(m)?MdJ fPnH trjpf;fhf nkw;nfhs;fhl;lg;gLfpwJ: @76(m)/ Fwpg;gpl;l mjpfhu';fis mspj;jy; ? khepy murhdJ. murpjHpy; mwptpg;gpd; K:yk; mjpfhuk; mspf;fyhk; ?

(m) mjw;F tH';fg;gl;l midj;J my;yJ

VnjDk; mjpfhu';fs;. gphpt[fs; 2(9). 33(3)(gp). 70(1). 74 kw;Wk; 78 K:yk; jiyik fl;Lg;ghl;L tUtha; mYtyUf;F tH';fg;gLfpd;wd; kw;Wk;

(M) jiyik fl;Lg;ghl;L tUtha; mYtyUf;F tH';fg;gl;l midj;J my;yJ rpy mjpfhu';fs;. gphpt[fs; 45(1). (2). 56(1) kw;Wk; 70(2) Mfpatw;wpd; K:yk; murpjHpy; mwptpg;gpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lthW mtUila fPHik mytyUf;F mspf;fg;gLfpd;wd/@ gphpt[ 76(m)?MdJ 1914?Mk; Mz;ila (rl;l vz; IV-1914) mjpfhug; gutyhf;fr; rl;lk; K:yk;. Kjd;ikr; rl;lj;jpy; nrh;f;fg;gl;lJ/ gjpt[ 44?,y; rl;lj; jiyg;ghdJ. @gpw Kj;jpiuf; fl;lz';fs; my;yhJ ePjpj; Jiwr;rhh; fl;lz';fs; K:yk; tN:ypf;fg;gLk; Kj;jpiuf; fl;lz';fshFk; (Mdhy; Kj;jpiuf; fl;lz';fs; tpiy eP';fyhf)@/ murikg;g[r; rl;lj;jpd; ml;ltiz VII?,y; bghJ mjpfhug;g{h;tkhd gl;oaypy; cs;sJ/ 1967?Mk; Mz;ila jkpH;ehL rl;lk; vz; 24-1967?I jkpH;ehL rl;lkd;wk;,aw;wpajd; K:yk;. rl;lg;gphpt[ 47(m)?MdJ Kjd;ik rl;lj;jpy; nrh;f;fg;gl;lJ kw;Wk; mr;rl;lkhdJ 1968?Mk; Mz;L khh;r; jp';fs; 29?Mk; ehsd;W FoauRj; jiythpd; xg;g[jiyg; bgw;wJ/ gphpt[ 47(m)?,d; vGj;J kw;Wk; czh;it Mf;fg;g{h;tkhf;Ftjw;F tpjp 11(m) cl;gl tpjpfs; tiuag;gl;Ls;sd/ khepy muRf;F mspf;fg;gl;l rpy rl;lg;g{h;t mjpfhu';fis Kjd;ik rl;lj;jpd; K:yk; jiyik fl;Lg;ghl;L tUtha; mYtyUf;F mspf;f. Kjd;ikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 76(m)?MdJ khepy muir,ay;tpf;fpwJ/ mj;jifa mjpfhu mspg;ghdJ khepy murpdhy; bray;gLj;jg;gLk; rl;lkpaw;Wk; mjpfhuj;ij VJk; bra;tjw;fpy;iy; mjw;fpz';fnt. gphpt[ 47(m)?MdJ nrh;f;fg;gl;lJ my;yJ gphpt[ 47(m)?I Mf;fg;g{h;tkhf;f tpjpfs; tFf;fg;gl;ld/ nkw;go gphpt[ 47(m) my;yJ tpjpfspd; gpd;dzpia bghUs;tpsf;f kw;Wk; ghprPypg;gjw;fhf khepy muRf;F Mjuthd xg;gilf;fj;jf;f Fwpg;gpl;l rpy rl;lg;g{h;t mjpfhu';fs;. Kw;wpYk; bjhlh;g[ vija[k; bfhz;oUf;ftpy;iy/ gphpt[ 47(m)?MdJ. khepy murpdhy; jd;Dila rl;lkpaw;Wk; mjpfhuj;jpd; K:yk; nrh;f;fg;gl;lJ kw;Wk; mjpy; tFf;fg;gl;l tpjpfs;. gphpt[ 76(m)?tpdhy; Mjpf;fk; brYj;jg;glhky; khepy murpd; brhe;j tpjpfshff; fUjg;glntz;oa[s;sJ/ 17/ vdnt. Ma;thdJ gjpt[j; Jiw jiytuhnyna nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;oUf;fntz;Lk; vd;gij ftdpj;J. mj;jifa bray;ghlhdJ xg;gilf;fg;gl;oUf;fKoahJ.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy; tFf;fg;gl;l nfhl;ghLfis Ma;t[ bra;a. cah; ePjpkd;wk; jtwptpl;lJ/ nfhug;gl;l ve;j mwpf;ifa[k;. nky;KiwaPl;L mikg;ghdJ jd;Dila bray;ghl;il epiwntw;Wtjpy; cjt[k;,ay;g[ilajhapUe;jJ/ njitahd midj;J Mtz';fisa[k; ghprPypj;j gpd;dh;. nky;KiwaPl;L mjpfhhpahy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l,Wjp cj;juthdJ. nky;KiwaPl;L mjpfhhpapdhy; jhkhfnt brhe;jkhf gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;lJnghd;W fUjg;glntz;Lk; kw;Wk; mjpfhuj;ijg; ghjpf;Fk; mtrpa bray;ghLfs; xg;gilf;fg;gltpy;iy/ vdnt. nky;KiwaPl;L mjpfhhpahy; bray;gLj;jg;gLk; mjpfhuj;ijj; jGtp ahbjhU xG';fpd;iknah my;yJ bry;yhikianah eh';fs; fhztpy;iy/,t;thwhf. nky;KiwaPl;L mjpfhhpfs; jug;gpyhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"uhy; itf;fg;gl;l thjj;ij eh';fs; Vw;W mjd; jug;gpy; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy; nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;l Koit eh';fs; ePf;fwt[ bra;fpd;nwhk;/ 18/ tpjp 11(m)?,d; fPHhd mjpfhukspg;g[ bjhlh;ghd fhuzkhdJ,t;tidj;J tHf;FfspYk; vGg;gg;gl;ld. mjd; mog;gilapnyna. nky;KiwaPl;L mjpfhhpahy; nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;l jPh;khdj;ij cah; ePjpkd;wk; ePf;fwt[ bra;jJ/,jd; jug;gpy; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kot[fs; jtwhditahFk;/ xt;bthU tHf;FfspYk; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; nkw;go Kot[fis eh';fs; ePf;fwt[ bra;J. midj;J tHf;FfspYk; tpjp 11(m)?,d; fPH; mjpfhuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp mwpf;if nfhhp. mjd; mog;gilapy; nky;KiwaPl;L mjpfhhpahy; nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;l Koit caph;g;gpf;fpd;nwhk;/ 19/ @K:d;W khj fhyk; eph;zakhdJ tpjp 7?,d; fPH; fz;og;ghdjhFk;. mf;fhyk; Koe;jgpd;dh; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l cj;jut[fs; bry;yj;jfhjit@ vd,k;nky;KiwaPLfSs; Mwhk; nky;KiwaPl;oy;. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy; nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;l Kot[ bjhlh;ghd tpdh 2?f;F,g;bghGJ eh';fs; tUfpd;nwhk;/ 19/1/ gphpt[ 47(m)?,d; Jizg;gphpt[fs; (1) kw;Wk; (2) Mfpait fhytiuaiw bjhlh;ghf vija[k; ghpe;Jiuf;ftpy;iy kw;Wk; tpjp 7?,y; cs;s eph;zakhdJ. eltof;iffspy; jPh;t[ bra;a[k; btt;ntW gpd;dzpapy; ghh;f;fg;glntz;Lbkd nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; jug;gpy; thjplg;gLfpwJ/ thjplg;gLtJ ahbjdpy;:- @///1968?Mk; Mz;ila tpjpfspd; tpjpfs; 4 Kjy; 7 tiuapyhdit. khtl;l Ml;rpah;-mjpfhhpahdth; gy;ntW gzpfis epiwntw;w mjhtJ jug;gpdh; jk;Kila tHf;if Mjhuj;Jld; vLj;Jiuf;f 21 ehl;fs; fhy mtfhrk; tH';fp gotk;?I?,yhd mwptpg;g[ mDg;g[jy;. jug;gpdh;fshy; mDg;gg;gl;l KiwaPLfisg; ghprPypj;jy;. Mtz';fis rhpg;ghh;j;jy;. muR mYtyh; my;yJ mjpfhhpaplkpUe;J jfty; my;yJ Mtzj;ijf; nfhUjy;. Kiwahd mwptpg;gpw;Fg; gpd;dh; brhj;ij Ma;t[bra;jy; kw;Wk; jug;gpdh;fspd; Tw;Wfisg; gjpjy; nghd;wtw;iw epiwntw;wg; gzpf;fpd;wd/ mjd;gpd;dh;. tpjpfspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s gy;ntW fhuzpfisf; ftdj;jpw;bfhz;L. brhj;jpd; jw;fhypf re;ij kjpg;igj; jPh;khdpj;J. jug;gpdh;fs; Ml;nrgid VJkpUg;gpd; bjhptpf;ff;nfhhp. mth;fSf;F gotk;?II?Md mwptpg;g[ mDg;g[khW khtl;l Ml;rpah; gzpf;fg;gLfpd;whh;/ mjd;gpd;dh;. tprhuizapd;bghGJ itf;fg;gl;l KiwaPLfs; kw;Wk; fUj;Jfisg; ghprPypj;J. brhj;Jfspd; re;ij kjpg;g[ kw;Wk; Mtzj;jpd; kPJ brYj;jj;jf;f Kj;jpiuf; fl;lzk; Mfpatw;iwj; jPh;khdpj;J nkw;go cj;juitj; bjhptpf;fntz;Lk;/ xl;Lbkhj;j bray;ghLk; kpFe;j fhyj;ij vLj;Jf;bfhs;sf;ToajhFk;/ mJ K:d;W khj';fSs; epiwt[bra;ag;gl KoahjjhFk;/@ 19/2/ mjw;bfjpuhf. vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; thjplg;gLtJ: @khtl;l Ml;rpah;. KiwaPLfisg; ghprPypj;j gpd;dh;. midj;J bjhlh;g[ila fhuzpfisa[k; kw;Wk; jd;dplk; cs;s Mjhu';fisa[k; ftdkhfg; ghprPypj;j gpd;dh; Kjy; mwptpg;gpypUe;J 3 khj';fSf;Fs;shf cj;juitg; gpwg;gpf;fntz;Lbkd. tpjpfspd; tpjp 7 fz;og;ghf;FfpwJ/ re;ij kjpg;ghdJ cz;ikahf Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sjh> vd;gJ bjhlh;ghf. jug;gpdh;fs;. mwptpg;g[ tH';fg;gl;l 21 ehl;fSf;Fs;shf j';fSila KiwaPl;il rkh;g;gpf;f. fhy eph;zak; bra;a[k; tpjpfspd; tpjp 4(1)?,d; mog;gilapYk;. tpjpfspd; tpjp 7?MdJ gof;fg;glntz;Lk;/ vdnt. tpjpfspd; tpjp 4 kw;Wk; gphpt[ 47(m)(2)?,d; mog;gilapy; thrpf;fg;gLk; tpjp 7?MdJ tprhuizia Koj;J Fwpg;gpl;l fhytiuaiwf;Fs; cj;juitg; gpwg;gpf;FkhW fz;og;ghf;FfpwJ/ cj;juitg; gpwg;gpf;f fl;lha fhytiuaiwiaf; bfhz;oUf;Fk; nehf;if btspg;gLj;Jk; jpUj;jj;jpd; K:yk; 3 khj';fSf;Fs;shf cj;jut[ gpwg;gpf;fntz;Lbkd;Wk; fhytiuaiwahdJ mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ/ Kjypy;,aw;wg;gl;l rl;lj;jpd; tpjp 7?MdJ. khtl;l Ml;rpah;. brhj;jpd; re;ij kjpg;ig jPh;khdpj;J cj;juitg; gpwg;gpf;f. fhytiuaiw vija[k; ghpe;Jiuf;ftpy;iy/ gjpt[j; Jiw jiythpd; (1997?Mk; Mz;ila jpUj;jk;) Mnyhrid mog;gilapy; tpjp 7?MdJ m/M/ vk;/v!;/ vz; 69. ehs; 26/2/1997?,d; K:yk; jpUj;jg;gl;lJ/@ 20/ rl;lg;gphpt[ 47(m)?,d; Jizg;gphpt[ (1)?,d; fPH;. gjptpw;F mspf;fg;gl;l Mtzj;jpy; brhj;jpd; cz;ikahd kjpg;g[ Fwpg;gplg;gl;oUf;ftpy;iybad ek;g[tjw;Ff; fhuzk;,Uf;Fbkdpy;. khtl;l Ml;rpaUf;F ghpe;Jiu bra;ag;gl;L. mth; (i) jug;gpdh;fs; tprhhpf;fg;gl nghjpa tha;g;gspj;j gpd;dh;; kw;Wk; (ii) tpjpfspd;go ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l tpjj;jpy; tprhhpj;j gpd;dh;. bjhlh;g[ila brhj;jpd; cz;ikahd kjpg;ig jPh;khdpf;f ntz;oa[s;sJ/ khtl;l Ml;rpauhy; midj;J bray;KiwfSk; epiwntw;wg;gLtjw;fhd fhyeph;zak; vija[k; me;jg; gphpt[ tiuaWf;ftpy;iy/ tpjpfshy; ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLk; @tpjj;jpy;@. tprhuizahdJ elj;jg;glntz;Lbkd mJ rhjhuzkhff; TWfpwJ/,t;tpjpfspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lthW tprhuizahdJ elj;jg;glntz;oa Kiwapd; gpd;dzpahdJ ghprPypf;fg;glntz;Lk;/ tpjpfspd;go. gpd;tUk; eltof;iffs; vLf;fg;glntz;Lk;;: m) nkw;Twg;gl;lthW ghpe;Jiuiag;bgw;W. vtUf;F Mjuthf my;yJ vtuhy; MtzkhdJ epiwntw;wg;gLfpwnjh. me;egh; nkw;go Mtzj;jpy; brhj;jpd; cz;ikahd re;ij kjpg;ghdJ Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gijj; bjhptpf;f jk;kplKs;s midj;J Mjhu';fisa[k; rkh;g;gpf;FkhW bjhptpj;J. khtl;l Ml;rpah; gotk; I?,yhd mwptpg;g[ mDg;gntz;Lk;/ mj;jifa egh;fs; gjpyspf;f. mwptpg;g[ mDg;g 21 ehl;fs; fhy mtfhrk; tH';fntz;Lk;/ [(tpjp 4(1)]. M) mj;jifa mwptpg;g[ bgw;w eghpd; Tw;iw khtl;l Ml;rpah; gjpantz;Lk;/ [(tpjp 4(2)].,) tprhuiz nehf;f';fSf;fhf. khtl;l Ml;rpah; tpjp 4(3) tpthpj;Jf; TwpathW. Kiwahd mwptpg;gpw;Fg; gpd;dh; ahbjhU muR mYtyfj;jpypUe;Jk; jftiyf; nfhuyhk; my;yJ Ma;t[bra;J Tw;iwg; gjpayhk; my;yJ brhj;ij Ma;t[ bra;ayhk;/ <) KiwaPLfs;. Mtzk; kw;Wk; rhd;W VJkpUg;gpd;. mtw;iw ghprPypj;j gpd;dh;. re;ij kjpg;igj; jPh;khdpf;Fk; jw;fhypf cj;juthdJ mj;jifa Kotpw;fhd fhuzj;jpd; mog;giliaj; bjhptpj;J. gpwg;gpf;fg;glntz;Lk;/ [tpjp 4(4)]. jw;fhypf re;ij kjpg;ig Kot[bra;tjw;F. tpjp 5?,y; Twg;gl;Ls;s nfhl;ghl;ow;F kjpg;gspf;fg;glntz;Lk;/ c) jw;fhypf cj;juthdJ. Ml;nrgid bjhptpf;f tpUk;g[k; bjhlh;g[ila midj;J egh;fSf;Fk; rpwpJ fhy mtfhrk; tH';fp gotk; II?,d; K:yk; jfty; mspf;fg;glntz;Lk;; mth;fs; mwptpg;gpnyh my;yJ ntWtpjj;jpnyh jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;l ehsd;W tprhhpf;fg;glntz;Lk;/ [tpjp 6] C) vGj;J totpyhd KiwaPLfs; kw;Wk; tprhuizapd;bghGJ Twg;gl;l bghUz;ikfs; kw;Wk; rhd;Wfs; Mfpatw;iwg; ghprPypj;j gpd;dh;. khtl;l Ml;rpah;. bjhlh;g[ila brhj;jpd; re;ij kjpg;ig jPh;khdpj;J. ghpth;j;jid Mtzj;jpd;kPJ brYj;jj;jf;f Kj;jpiuf; fl;lzj;ij kjpg;gplntz;Lk;/ mj;jifa cj;juthdJ @Kjy; mwptpg;gpd; ehs;Kjy; K:d;W khj';fSf;Fs;shf@ gpwg;gpf;fg;glntz;Lk;/@ [tpjp 7] 21/ @Kjy; mwptpg;gpd; ehs;Kjy; K:d;W khj';fSf;Fs;shf@ vd;w brhw;bwhlh; kpft[k; Kjd;ikahdjhFk;/ tpjp 4(1)?f;F,z';f gotk; I?,yhd mwptpg;ig Rl;Lk; @Kjy; mwptpg;g[@ tphpthdjhf,Uf;fntz;Lkh> vdpy;. mjd; gjpy; Iaj;jpw;fplkpd;wp vjph;kiwahdjhfnt,Uf;Fk;/ bjhlh;g[ila egh;fs; gjpyspf;f. gotk; I?,yhd mwptpg;ghdJ,Ugj;bjhU ehl;fs; fhy mtfhrk; tH';fntz;Lk;/ mth;fSila gjpiyr; rhh;e;J mth;fSila Tw;Wfs; gjpag;gLk; my;yJ Fwpg;gpl;l rpy tptu';fs; nfhug;glyhk;/ mjd;gpd;dh; gotk; II?,yhd mwptpg;ghdJ jw;fhypf re;ij kjpg;igj; jPh;khdpj;J tH';fg;glntz;Lk;/ bjhlh;g[ila egh;fs; vGj;J totpyhd Ml;nrgidia vGg;g mUfija[ilatuhth; kw;Wk; mth;fs; fz;og;ghf tprhhpf;fg;glntz;Lk;/,j;njitfis epiwt[ bra;j gpd;dh;. tpjp 7?f;fpz';f cj;juthdJ gpwg;gpf;fg;glKoa[k;/,t;tidj;J epiyfSk; K:d;W khj';fSf;Fs;shf epiwt[ bra;ag;glKoahJ/ nkYk;. tpjp 7?,y; cs;s Fwpg;ghdJ @Kjy; mwptpg;ng@ md;wp @gotk; I?,yhd mwptpg;g[@ my;y/ tpjp 7?,d; fPH; cj;jut[ gpwg;gpf;f tHpnfhYk; re;jh;g;gk; kw;Wk; gy;ntW epiyfisg; ghprPypj;J. @gotk; II?,yhd Kjy; mwptpg;ig@na Fwpg;gplntz;oapUf;Fk;/ gotk; II?,y; xd;wpw;F nkw;gl;l mwptpg;g[fs;,Ug;gjw;fhd rhj;jpakpUf;Fk;. jdpr;rpwg;ghf tprhuizahdJ js;spitf;fg;gl;l njjpapy; epfGk;bghGJ. mjdhy;jhd;. fhykhdJ gotk; II?,yhd Kjy; mwptpg;g[ ehs;Kjy; fzf;fplg;glntz;Lk;/ cldoahf tUk;. tpjp 7?,y; cs;s @Kjy; mwptpg;g[@ vd;w brhw;bwhluhdJ. @brhj;Jfspd; re;ijkjpg;ig jPh;khdpg;gjhFk;/////@ cldoahf tUk; tpjp 6?,y; cs;s gotk; II?,d; mwptpg;ig Rl;LtJk; mijna bjhptpg;gjhFk;/ 22/ ehk;,g;bghGJ tpjp 7?,y; cs;s K:d;W khj fhy eph;zakhdJ @fz;og;ghdjh> my;yJ mwpt[Wj;Jtjh>@ vd;w tpdhitf; Fwpj;J tpthjpg;nghk;/ 23/ rl;l tpjpahdJ vr;NH;epiyfs; my;yJ re;jh;g;gj;jpy;. fz;og;ghdjh> my;yJ mwpt[Wj;Jtjhdjh> vd;Dk; tpdh bjhlh;ghf ifahSk;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; rpy Kot[fs; ghprPypf;fg;gl;L Kjypy; Fwpf;fg;glntz;Lk;/ m) ikN:h; muR kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? tp/nf/ f';fd; kw;Wk; gyh;21 vd;w tHf;fpy;.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; K:d;W ePjpaurh;fspd; mkh;t[ fUj;J bjhptpj;jjhtJ:- @10/ xU tpjpahdJ fz;og;ghdjh> my;yJ mwpt[Wj;Jtjh> vd;w tpdhitj; jPh;khdpg;gjpy;. xUth;. tHf;fpd; tptuj;ij Ma;e;J. g[wf;fzpf;fg;gl;l tpjp kw;Wk; epiyehl;l vz;zg;gLk; bghJ nehf;Fld; bjhlh;ghd tpjp Mfpatw;iwg; ghprPypf;fntz;Lk;/ IankJkpy;iy. mjd; tuk;gpw;Fs; tUgth;fs; fPH;g;goa[khW flikfis tpjpf;Fk; midj;J rl;l';fSk; fz;og;ghditna/ Mdhy;. mJ. mjpypUe;J btspg;gLk; xt;bthU bray;Kiwiaa[k;. eltof;iff;F fiwg;gLj;jp nfLz;lhf;Fk; vd;gjy;y/ xU tpjpahdJ fz;og;ghdjh> my;yJ mwpt[Wj;Jtjh> vd;w 21/ (1976) 2 v!;/rp/rp/ 895 tpdhitj; jPh;khdpg;gjpy;. cr;rfl;l Ma;tpy;. rl;lkpaw;wpath;fspd; nehf;fj;ijna rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; kw;Wk; mJ tpjpapd; brhw;bwhlhpypUe;J kl;Lkpd;wp mjd; jd;ik. totk; kw;Wk; mjd; tpist[fs; Mfpatw;wpypUe;Jk; bjhFf;fntz;oaJk; kw;Wk; a{fpf;fntz;oaJkhf cs;sJ/ /// ///@ M) o/tp/ c!;khd; ?vjph;? czt[g; bghUs; Ma;thsh;. blypnrhp efuhl;rp. blypnrhp22 vd;w tHf;fpy; khjphp Ma;twpf;ifahdJ tH';fg;gLtjw;F. 1955?Mk; Mz;ila czt[ fyg;glk; jLg;g[r; rl;l';fspd; tpjp 7(3)?,d; fhy eph;zkhdJ. fz;og;ghdjh> my;yJ mwpt[Wj;Jtjh> vd;w tpdhitg; ghprPypf;f,e;ePjpkd;wk; nfhug;gl;lJ/,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; murikg;g[ rl;l mkh;tpd; jPhg;g[iuapypUe;J,e;ePjpkd;wk; gpd;tUk; gj;jpiaf; Fwpg;gpl;lJ:- @10/ jj;jhj;iuah nkhhp!;th; ?vjph;? 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Ie;jhz;Lfs; fHpe;jpUf;Fbkdpy;. jd;dpr;irahd mjpfhuj;ijr; bray;gLj;jKoahJ/ kw;bwhU fl;Lg;ghlhdJ. cl;gphpt[ (8)?My; ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ/ mjd; thrfj;jpd;go. xU egh; tprhhpf;fg;gLtjw;fhd tha;g;g[ mspf;fg;gl;oUe;jhyd;wp. mtiug; ghjpf;Fk; vjph;kiwahd cj;jut[ vija[k; jd;dpr;irahf mjpfhuj;ijr; bray;gLj;Jtijg; gad;gLj;jp gpwg;gpf;fg;glKoahJ/,f;fl;Lg;ghLfSf;bfy;yhk; mg;ghy; rl;lg;gphpt[fs; ntbwe;j fl;Lg;ghl;ila[k; tpjpf;ftpy;iy kw;Wk; rl;lg;gphpt[ 47(m) cl;gphpt[fs; (2) my;yJ (3)?,d; fPH; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l cj;juntJk; tUtha; eydpw;F Fe;jfkhdjy;y vd;gij cWjpbra;a bfhs;ifhPjpapy; mjpfhukspf;fg;gLfpwJ/ gphpt[ 47(m) cl;gphpt[ (8)?,d; fl;Lg;ghlhdJ (nkw;go) uhn$e;jpud; ?vjph;? gjpt[j; Jiw jiyth; jkpH;ehL kw;Wk; gyh; vd;w tHf;fpy;. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuapd; 33 Kjy; 36 tiuapyhd gj;jpfspy; bjspt[gLj;jg;gl;ld/ jw;bghGija tHf;fpy;. bjhlh;g[ila egh;fSf;Fg; nghjpa mwptpg;g[ mDg;gg;gl;lJ/ vdnt. mt;tplaj;jpy; FiwghnlJk;,y;iy/ gphpt[ 47(m) cl;gphpt[ (6)?,d; fPH; mjpfhuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp eltof;iffs; Jt';fg;gl;l ehsd;W. nky;KiwaPl;L fhyk; Koatpy;iy vd;nwh my;yJ cl;gphpt[ (2) my;yJ cl;gphpt[ (3)?,d; fPH; cj;jut[ gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l gpd;dh; Ie;jhz;Lfs; fHpe;Jtpl;ld vd;nwh. tHf;nfJkpy;iy/,r;NH;epiyfspy; mjpfhuj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjd; kPJ rl;lk; tpjpf;Fk; fl;Lg;ghLfs; VJk; mg;bghGjpy;iy/ 31/ jw;bghGija tHf;fpy; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fUj;Jfs; bjhptpg;gJ ahbjdpy;. gphpt[ 47(m)(2)?,d; fPH; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l cj;jutpw;bfjpuhf brhj;ij gjpag;bgw;wth;fshy; nky;Kiwaplg;gl;l tHf;iff; ifahSifapy; jd;dpr;irahd mjpfhur; bray;ghl;il nkw;bfhs;sKoahJ vd;gjhFk;/ mf;fUj;jpd; rhpahdjd;ikjhd; jw;bghGJ gpur;rpidapy;,Ug;gJ/ 32/ 1941?Mk; Mz;ila bg';fhy; epjp (tpw;gid thp) rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 20(3)?My; tH';fg;gl;Ls;s mjpfhuj;jpd; jd;ikiag; ghprPypf;ifapy; Mizah; @tpz;zg;gj;jpd; mog;gilapnyh my;yJ jhkhfnth@ ve;j kjpg;gPl;ila[k; my;yJ cj;juita[k; vjph;kiwahf;f Koa[k;/ jp-s;/ uhk; fiz $hkpdp u";rd; ghy; gpiuntl; ypkpbll; ?vjph;? cWg;gpdh;. tUtha; thhpak;. nkw;F t';fk;36 vd;w tHf;fpy; mDkjpa[ld; bkl;uh!; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuapypUe;J gpd;tUk; gj;jpiaf; nfhol;lJ: 36/ (1976) 3 v!;/rp/rp/ 369 13/ <!;l; Vrpahof; nfh/ (,e;jpah) ypkpbll; ?vjph;? bkl;uh!; khepy muR37 vd;w tHf;fpy; khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/,uhkrhkp mth;fshy; bjhptpf;fg;gl;l fUj;Jfs;Tl.,t;tHf;fpw;F bjhlh;g[ilaitahFk;/ @,r;rl;lj;jpd; nehf;f';fs;,U jd;ikapdjhFk;/ ruf;Ffspd; tpw;gidkPJ thp tpjpj;J. tUtha; el;lj;ij <L bra;tJk; kw;Wk; bghJeyid nkk;gLj;JtJkhFk;;,uz;lhtjhf.,J kdg;nghf;fpy; VWkhwhfr; bray;gLj;jg;glhky;. rl;l tpjpfspd; fPH; Kiwahfr; bray;gLj;jg;gLtijf; fz;fhzpg;gjhFk;/ vdnt. xU rPuha;t[ mjpfhhpia Vw;gLj;jntz;oa[s;sJ/ rPuha;t[ vd;why; vd;d> rPuha;t[ mjpfhutuk;gpd; rhukhdJ. nky; ePjpauhaj;jpd; flikapnyh my;yJ fPHik ePjpauha';fs; my;yJ mYtyh;fs; rl;lj;jpdhy; ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLk; vy;iyf;Fs; fl;Lg;gLj;jpf;bfhz;L. mth;fspd; flikahdJ mth;fis vd;d bra;ag; gzpf;fpwnjh mjidr; bra;tija[k; kw;Wk; mth;fs; mjid rl;l Kiwapy; bra;tija[k; fz;fhzpf;Fk; mj;jifa kw;Wk; tUkhd thpr; rl;lk; nghd;w gy;ntW rl;l';fs; kw;Wk; bewpKiwfspy; fhzg;gLk; 37/ (1956) 7 v!;/o/rp/ 299 (bkl;uh!;) rPuha;t[ bjhlh;ghd gy;byz;zpf;iffspyhd rl;l tpjpfspypUe;J bjspthtJnghd;W. mJ jd;dpr;irahfr; bra;aj;jf;fjhFk;/ rl;ltuk;ghdJ xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;s mYtyhplnk cs;sJ/,r;rl;ltuk;ghdJ. chpa tHf;Ffspy; fz;fhzpj;jy; my;yJ rhpbra;a[k; xd;whf,Uf;f. chpikapay; tprhuizKiwr; rl;lk;. 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