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?vjph;? vy;/ gf;jtr;ryk; (,we;Jtpl;lhh;) thhpRjhuh;fs; K:yk; kw;Wk; gyh; /// vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;(fs;) cld; chpikapay; nky;KiwaPL vz;fs; 1027?1032-2013 chpikapay; nky;KiwaPL vz;fs; 1033?1038-2013 chpikapay; nky;KiwaPL vz;fs; 1039?1044-2013 kw;Wk; chpikapay; nky;KiwaPL vz;fs; 1045?1050-2013 jPh;g;g[iu khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; Kidth; jpU/ nf/vk;/ n$hrg; :
1/ Mh;/ bt';fpl;Lrhkp eha[L vd;w xUth; ,uz;L kfd;fisa[k; kw;Wk; Ie;J kfs;fisa[k; bgw;wpUe;jhh;/ ,yl;Rikah eha[L kw;Wk; u';frhkp eha[L Mfpnahh; Mh;/ bt';fpl;Lrhkp eha[Ltpd; kfd;fshth;/
Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; vd;gth; u';frhkp eha[Laaf;F jpUkzk; bra;Jitf;fg;gl;lhh;/ mth;fSf;F thhpR ,y;iy/ yl;Rkz eha[L. 1/ gf;jtr;ryk;. 2/ bt';flgjp. 3/ b$fd;ehjd; kw;Wk; 4/ ,uhkrhkp Mfpa
2/ Kjy; tHf;F mjhtJ. m/t/ vz; 649-1985. (nkw;go tHf;fhdJ.
Jtf;fj;jpy; m/t/ vz; 2063-1982?Mf jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;L. m/t/ vz;
649-1985?Mf kW vz;zplg;gl;l mt;tHf;fhdJ). tHf;Fr; brhj;Jfspy; tHf;fhsh;fspd; chpikia tpsk;g[if bra;at[k; kw;Wk; tHf;Fr; brhj;Jfspy; kWg;ghsh;fSf;F vjpuhd cWj;Jf;fl;lisf;fhft[k; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;lJ/
,tw;wpw;fpilapy;. m/t/ vz; 89-1983?,y; nfhug;gl;l ghpfhu';fs; gpd;tUkhW:-
@(m) fPH;f;fhQqk; ml;ltiz 1?,y; tpthpf;fg;gl;l brhj;Jfspy;
1-3 chpikia my;yJ fPH;f;fhQqk; ml;ltiz 2?,y; tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;s brhj;Jfspy; tHf;fhshpd; 1-4 chpikia tpsk;g[if bra;at[k;;
(M) ml;ltiz 1?,y; tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;s brhj;Jfis K:d;W rk g';Ffshfg; gphpj;J. mj;jifa g';FfSs; xU g';if tHf;fhsUf;F xJf;ft[k; my;yJ khw;whf. ml;ltiz 2?,y; tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;s brhj;Jfis ehd;F rk g';Ffshfg;
(,) ghfg;gphptpidia epiwntw;w ePjpkd;w Mizaiu epakpf;fntz;Lk;;
(<) fle;jfhy tUtha; gadhf U:/15.000/00 tHf;fhsUf;F tH';f. 4 Kjy; 11 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fisg; gzpf;f ntz;Lk;;
(c) vjph;fhy tUtha; gyid tprhhpj;J tHf;F bjhlug;gl;l ehs; Kjy; brhj;jpd; mDgtkhdJ xg;gilf;fg;gLk; ehs; tiuapyhd tUtha; gydhdJ tprhuizapy; jPh;khdpf;fg;glt[k; gzpf;fntz;Lk;;
XXX XXX XXX”
(m) tHf;fpy; khwptUk; tuyhW; Kjy; fl;lk;
3/ ,t;tHf;fhdJ khwp khwp tUk; tuyhw;iwf; bfhz;Ls;sJ/ midj;Jk; 1955?,y; Jt';FfpwJ/ (@F/tp/K/r/@) vd RU';f miHf;fg;gLk;
1898?Mk; Mz;ila Fw;wtpay; tprhuizKiwr; rl;lg;gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd eltof;ifahdJ. vk;/rp/ vz; 1-1955 kw;Wk; vk;/rp/ vz; 8-1955 Mfpait nfhak;g[j;J}h; Kjy; tFg;g[ ePjpj;Jiw eLth; Kd;ghf jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;ld/ u';frhkpapd; kidtp (fztid ,He;jth;) fpUc&;zk;khs; vd;gth; *m*
614-03 Mfpatw;wpy; mike;j epyj;jpd; mDgtk; bjhlh;ghf. fhty;Jiw cjtp?Ma;thsh; mspj;j 04/07/1955?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l mwpf;ifapd; mog;gilapy; vGe;jjhFk;/ *m* 1?Mk; jug;gpdh;. u';frhkp eha[Ltpd; kidtp
Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; (fztid ,He;jth;)/ *m* 2?Mk; jug;gpdh; 1?Mk; jug;gpdhpd; ikj;JdUk; kw;Wk; capiu epiwntw;WgtUkhthh;/ *M* 1?Mk; jug;gpdh; ,yl;Rkz eha[L. u';frhkp eha[Ltpd; mz;zd; Mthh;/ *M* jug;gpd;
JUDGMENT
2 Kjy; 4 tiuapyhd jug;gpdh;fs; yl;Rkz eha[Ltpd; kfd;fs; Mth;/ *m* jug;gpdhy; bjhlug;gl;l tHf;fpd; tptu';fs; gpd;tUkhW: 1932?Mk; Mz;L *M* jug;gpd; 1?Mk; egUf;Fk; kw;Wk; fhy";brd;w u';frhkp eha[Ltpw;Fkpilapy; ghfg;gphptpid ele;jJ/ u';frhkp eha[Lt[k; Vw;bfdnt rpy brhj;Jfis th';fpapUe;jhh;/ mth; mnef epy';fis Fj;jiff;F vLj;jhh;/ *m* jug;gpdh;. RUf;fkhf. tpdhtpw;fplkhd epyj;jpd; mDgtj;jpypUg;gjhf Twpdh;/ nkYk;. *m* jug;gpdh; tHf;fhdJ. g[w;Wneha; rpfpr;irapypUe;j Kjy; kUj;JtKiw Koe;J nfhak;g[j;J}Uf;F jpUk;gpa gpd;dh;. Fjpiug; ge;ija g';fshtpy; j';fpa u';frhkp eha[L 10/05/1955 md;W xU capiy epiwntw;wpdhh;/ mth; jd;Dila ikj;Jduhd *m* jug;gpd; 2?Mk; egh; capiy bray;gLj;Jgtuhf epakpj;jhh;/ mth;. jd;Dila gphpf;fg;glhj brhj;jpd; epiyia 10/05/1955 ehsplg;gl;l *et,e;jpah** vd;w bra;jpj;jhspy; xU mwptpg;g[K:yk; gpufldk; bra;jhh;/ *M* jug;gpdh;fSs; Kjyhk; egUk; kw;Wk; u';frhkp eha[Ltpd; rnfhjuUkhd yl;Rkz eha[L. mwptpg;igg; ghh;j;J. mjw;F. mth;fs; gphpf;fg;glhj Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpdbud;Wk;. u';frhkp jd;id gphpj;Jf;bfhs;s tpUk;gpdhy; mJFwpj;J jfty; mspj;jpUf;fntz;Lbkd;Wk; 11/05/1955?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l mwptpg;gpd;K:yk; gjpyspj;jhh;/ nkYk;. 11/05/1955?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l mwptpg;gpy; yl;Rkz eha[Ltpd; epiyg;ghL rhpahdjy;y vd 16/05/1955?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l mwptpg;gpd;K:yk; u';frhkp gjpyspj;jhh; vd;gJ *m* jug;gpd; tHf;fhFk;/ *M* jug;gpy; Kjy; eguhy; 17/05/1955 md;W xg;g[f;bfhs;sg;gl;lJ vd;Wk; Twg;gLfpwJ/ 10/05/1955f;Fg; gpd;dh;. u';frhkp eha[Ltpd; cly;epiy kPz;Lk; nkhrkhdJ/ mth; 20/05/1955 md;W ghk;ng brd;whh;/ mth;,d;dKk; mtUila flikapy; czh;t[lDk;. kw;wth;fSld; jfty; bjhlh;gpYkpUe;jhh;/ u';frhkp eha[L. 01/06/1955 md;W fhiyg;bghGjpy; kuzkile;jhh;/ kWg[wj;jpy;. u';frhkp eha[Lt[k; kw;Wk; *M* jug;gpdUk;,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fs; vd *M* jug;gpdh; thjpl;ldh;/ *M* jug;gpdh;fSs; xd;whk; eguhd yl;Rkz eha[L. midj;J gzpfisa[k; ftdpf;f Koahjstpw;F mjpf taJilatuhdhh;/ u';frhkp eha[Lt[k; kw;Wk; yl;Rkz eha[Ltpd; kfd;fSs; xUtUk;. tptrha epy';fisg; ghh;j;Jf;bfhs;SkhW nfl;Lf; bfhs;sg;gl;ldh;/ 1932?Mk; Mz;od; ghfg;gphptpidahdJ kWf;fg;gl;lJ/ u';frhkp eha[L neha;tha;g;gl;L. 1955?Mk; Mz;L $dthp jp';fs; Kjy; czt[ rhg;gpl Koahky;. FHha; K:yk; Cl;lg;gl;lJ/ RU';ff;Twpd;. u';frhkp eha[L. Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; gphpf;fg;glhj cWg;gpduhf bjhlh;e;jhh; vd;gJ *M* jug;gpd; thjkhFk;/ 4/ nkw;go capiyf; Fwpj;j tpthjk; njitaw;wJ vd mwpe;J. ePjpj;Jiw eLth; mjid Vw;Wf;bfhs;stpy;iy/ *M* jug;gpdh; epyj;jpd; mDgtj;jpy; cs;sdh; vd;Wk;. rl;lg;go btspnaw;wg;gLk; tiuapy;. mth;fs; mDgtj;jpw;F mUfija[ilath;fs; vd;Wk; mwpe;J. 16/04/1956?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l cj;jutpd;K:yk;. ePjpj;Jiw eLth; *M* jug;gpdUf;fhjuthf jPh;g;gspj;jhh;/ *M* jug;gpdh;fs;. yl;Rkz eha[Lt[k; kw;Wk; mtUila kfd;fSkhth;/ 10/04/1958 md;W yl;Rkz eha[L kuzkile;jhh;/ mth;fSf;bfjpuhd rPuha;t[ kDthdJ js;Sgo bra;ag;gl;lJ/ tHf;fpd;,uz;lhk; fl;lk; 5/,uz;lhk; fl;l tHf;fhdJ. m/t/ vz; 71-1958 jhf;fy; bra;ag;gLtjd;K:yk; Jt';fpaJ/ tHf;fhsh; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs;. kuzkile;j u';frhkpapd; kidtpahthh;/ nkw;go tHf;fpd; kWg;ghsh;fs;. vy;/,uhkrhkp eha[L. vy;/ gf;jtr;ryk;. vy;/ b$fehjd; kw;Wk; vy;/ bt';flgjp Mfpnahh;; mth;fs; midtUk; kuzkile;j yl;Rkz eha[Ltpd; kfd;fshth;/ 5?Mk; kWg;ghsh;. bt';flRthkp eha[Ltpd; kfd; vd;/tp/ uhkre;jpu eha[L Mthh;/ (capiy bray;gLj;Jgtuhf fpUc&;zk;khs; mth;fshy; epakpf;fg;gl;lth;) tHf;FiuahdJ 10/04/1958 njjpaplg;gl;ljhFk;. mJ epfH;thf. yl;Rkz eha[L kuzkile;j ehshFk;/ RUf;fkhf. tHf;fhsh; fpUc&;zk;khspd; tHf;fhdJ fPnH jug;gLfpwJ/ 1932?Mk; Mz;Ltiuapy; jd;Dila fztUk; kw;Wk; yl;Rkzd; MfpnahUk; gphpf;fg;glhj Tl;L FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;gpduhf,Ue;J te;jdbud fpUc&;zk;khs; ePjpj;Jiw eLth; Kd;ghd tHf;fpy; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; Twpdhh;/ 1932?Mk; Mz;oy; tha;bkhHp ghfg;gphptpid Vw;gl;lJ/ tHf;Fiuapd; 1?Mk; ml;ltizapy; tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;s brhj;Jfs;. mtUila kuzkile;j fzth; u';frhkpapd; g';fhdJ/ mth;. mr;brhj;Jfspd; jdp mDgtKk; kw;Wk; RthjPdKk; bgw;wpUe;jhh;/ mjd;gpd;dh;. mth; jd;Dila bgahpy; mnef brhj;Jfis th';fpdhh;/ mr;brhj;Jfs; 1m?Mf ml;ltizaplg;gl;Ls;sd/ rl;l nkyit cWg;gpduhf njh;e;bjLf;fg;gl;l u';frhkp eha[Ltpw;F bjhz;il g[w;Wneha; Vw;gl;lJ/ mth; 1932?Mk; Mz;oy; brhj;Jfspd; tha;bkhHp ghfg;gphptpidia Kiwg;gLj;Jk; vz;zj;jpy;. jd;Dila K:jhijah; brhj;Jfs; kw;Wk; Ra rk;ghj;jpa brhj;Jfs; Mfpa,uz;nlhL kWg;ghsh;fspd; brhj;Jfisa[k; gl;oaypl;L. rnfhjuhpd; m';fPfhuj;jpw;F mDg;gpitj;jhh;/ mg;gl;oayhdJ. yl;Rkz eha[Ltpd; ifbaGj;jpy; rpy jpUj;j';fSld; jpUg;gg;gl;lJ/ mtUila kuzkile;j fzth;. jhd; FLk;gj;jpypUe;J gphpf;fg;gl;l jdp egh; vd;Wk;. jd;Dila jdpg;gl;l g';F kw;Wk; jFepiyia mwptpj;Jk;. 10/05/1955 md;W cs;S:h; jpdrhp bra;jpapy; mwptpg;g[ btspapl;lhh;/ vdpDk;. Tl;Lf; FLk;gk; gphpahjij. u';frhkpapd; bray;ghl;oypUe;J a{fpj;jk;. mwptpg;gpd; rhpj;jd;ik kw;Wk; epahaj;ij tpdtpa[k;. yl;Rkzd;. 11/05/1955?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l mwptpg;ig mDg;gpdhh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; fzth;. 16/05/1955 md;W gjpy; mDg;gpdhh;/ 10/05/1955 md;W Kiwahf gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l capy; cs;sbjd;Wk;. mjpy;. 1932?Mk; Mz;ila tha;bkhHp ghfg;gphptpidahdJ Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sbjd;Wk; tHf;fhsh; fpUc&;zk;khs; Twpdhh;/ capypd;go. ml;ltiz 1 kw;Wk; 1m Mfpatw;wpd; brhj;Jfs; fpUc&;zk;khspd; thH;thjhuj;jpw;fhf xJf;fg;gl;ld kw;Wk; gpw brhj;Jfs; mtUila rnfhjhpapd; kfd;fSf;F xJf;fg;gl;ld/ mth;. F/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd tHf;if Rl;of; fhl;odhh;/ @rnfhjuh;fs;.,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; gphpf;fg;glhj cWg;gpdh;fshf bjhlh;fpd;wdh;@ vd;w yl;Rkz eha[Ltpd; epiyg;ghl;il Rl;of;fhl;odhh;; mjdog;gilapy;. mth; kWg;ghsh;fs; 1 Kjy; 4 tiuapyhdth;fSld; brhj;jpd; mDgtj;jpy;,Ue;jjhff; Twpdhh;/ ml;ltiz I kw;Wk; Im brhj;Jfspy; kWg;ghsh;fspd; mDgtkhdJ rl;ltpnuhjkhdbjd fpUc&;zk;khs; TWfpwhh;/ jd;Dila fzth; Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; gphpe;j cWg;gpdh;. 1932?Mk; Mz;oy; tha;bkhHp ghfg;gphptpid ele;jJ kw;Wk; jd;Dila fztuhy; epiwntw;wg;gl;ljhd gjpt[bra;ag;gl;l capyhdJ bry;yj;jf;fjhFk; Mfpa epiyg;ghLfis. jd;Dila fzthpd; rl;lg;g{h;t thhpRjhuUk;. capy; chpikahsUk; vd;w Kiwapy; gpd;gw;w. jhd; flikg;gl;ltbud mth; nkYk; Twpdhh;/ mjw;F khw;whf. mth; gpd;tUk; tHf;if Vw;gLj;jpajhfj; njhd;Wk;: @11/ rl;lg;gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd tHf;fpYk; kw;Wk; jd;dhy; mspf;fg;gl;l xg;g[jy; thf;FK:yj;jpYk; Mh;/tp/ yl;Rkz eha[Lthy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l tHf;fpy;. jd;Dila chpikfs; nkyhdit vd;Wk;. Mh;/tp/ yl;Rkz eha[Ltpd;,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;g cWg;gpdh; vd;w mog;gilapy;. 1937?Mk; Mz;ila XVIII?Mk; rl;lg;goa[k; kw;Wk; 1956?Mk; Mz;ila XXX?Mk; rl;lk; Mfpatw;wpd; Tl;Lr; bray;ghl;od; mog;gilapy;. Tl;Lr; brhj;Jfspy; ghjpiag; bgwt[k; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; mDgtj;ij nfhut[k; jhd; chpika[ilatbud mth; nkYk; Twpdhh;/ kWg;ghsh;fs; 1 Kjy; 4 tiuapyhdth;fspd; mDgtj;jpYs;s midj;J brhj;Jfisa[k; tHf;fhsuhy; Fwpg;gpl Koatpy;iy. Mdhy;. mth; ml;ltiz I. II vd mtw;iw TwKoe;jJ/ jhd; nkk;gl;l tptu';fis bgWk;bghGJ mth;fis nrh;f;FkhW mth; nfhhpdhh;/ 1 Kjy; 4 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fs; jk;Kila mDgtj;jpYs;s Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;Jfspd; tptu';fis KGikahft[k; kw;Wk; cz;ikahft[k; TWk;go miHf;FkhWk; tHf;fhsh; ntz;Lfpwhh;/ 12/ tHf;fhsh;. jd;idg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. rl;lg;gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd tHf;fpy; kWg;ghsh;fshy; itf;fg;gl;l thj';fis gpd;gw;w jhd; Kw;wpYk; tpUk;g[tjhft[k;. mjpypUe;J gpd;th';FtJ kWg;ghsh;fisr; rhh;e;jjy;y vd;Wk; tHf;fhsh; TWfpwhh;/ mjidj; bjhlh;e;J.,r;N:H;epiyfspy;. jd;Dila chpikfs; jfuhWf;fw;wit vd;Wk;.,Wjp Miz epYitapypUf;ifapnyna ml;ltiz I kw;Wk; Im brhj;Jfspy; chpika[ilath; vd;Wk; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; cldo mDgtj;ijg;bgw mUfija[ilatbud;Wk; my;yJ mtUila epahakhd chpikfisg; ghJfhf;f. midj;J brhj;JfSf;Fk; ePjpkd;w fhg;ghsiu epakpf;f bgw chpika[ilatbud;Wk; tHf;fhsh; Twfpwhh;/@ 6/ khw;W tHf;fhdJ Vw;fg;gLbkdpy;. yl;Rkz eha[Ltpd; mira[k; kw;Wk; mirahr; brhj;Jfspd; tUthapy;. gFjp ghpfhukhf ghfk; bgw jhd; mUfija[ilatbud fpUc&;zk;khs; nkYk; Twpdhh;/ nkw;go tHf;fpd; tHf;FK:ykhdJ gj;jp 17?,y; gpd;tUkhW Twg;gl;lJ: @17/ tHf;fpd; tHf;FK:yk; vGe;j fhy';fs;: 1/6/1955 md;W u';frhkp eha[L kuzkile;jbghGJ 1955?Mk; Mz;L $^d; jp';fspy; brhj;Jfspy; kWg;ghsh;fs; rl;ltpnuhjkhf mj;JkPwp EiHe;jbghGJ. 16/4/1956 md;W yl;Rkz eha[L kw;Wk; mtUila kfd;fspd; brhj;jDgtj;ij nfhak;g[j;J}h; nfhl;lhl;rpah; cWjpbra;jbghGJ. 26/9/1957 md;W nfhak;g[j;J}h; nfhl;lhl;rpahpd; cj;jutpy; FWf;fpl cah; ePjpkd;wk; kWj;jbghGJ.,t;tidj;Jk; brhj;Jfs; mike;Js;s,k;khz;g[kpF ePjpkd;wj;jpd; rl;ltuk;gpw;Fs; epfH;e;J tUgitahFk;/ nkw;go tHf;fpy; Twg;gLk; ghpfhuk; gpd;tUkhW: @1/ ml;ltiz I kw;Wk; Im?,d; brhj;Jfs; tHf;fhsUf;? Fhpait vdt[k;. mtw;wpd; mDgtj;ija[k;. rl;lg;gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd tHf;fpy; epakpf;fg;gl;l ePjpkd;w fzf;fh; K:yk; tN:ypf;fg;gl;l U:/7.000-? bjhifiaa[k; kw;Wk; ePjpkd;wk; epakpf;Fk;tifapy; brhj;jpd; vjph;fhy tUtha; Mjhaj;ijg; bgwt[k; mUfija[ilatbud tpsk;g[if bra;antz;Lk;/ 2/ tHf;Fiuapd; gj;jp 14?,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s U;/6.000-?I tN:ypf;fntz;Lk;: khw;Wg; ghpfhukhf. I. Tl;Lf; FLk;gk; bfhz;Ls;s brhj;Jfs; kw;Wk; 10/5/1955 Kjy; mtw;wpd; tUtha; Mfpait fzf;fplg;glntz;Lk;: 2/ brhj;Jfspd; vy;iyfis tiuaWj;J gphpf;f ePjpkd;w Mizah; epakpf;fg;glntz;Lk;; 3/ tHf;Fiu brhj;Jfis,U rk g';Ffshfg; gphpj;J. mtw;Ws; xU rk g';fpd; mDgtj;ij tHf;fhshplk; xg;gilf;f ntz;Lk;/ XXX XXX XXX" ePjpj;Jiw eLth; Kd;g[ rl;lg;gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd tHf;fhdJ elj;jg;gl;lJ nghd;nw. kWg;ghsh;fs; 1 Kjy; 4 tiuapyhdth;fshy; nkw;go tHf;F elj;jg;gl;lJ/ vdpDk;. tHf;fhdJ gpd;tUk; epge;jidfspd;go rkurk; bra;ag;gl;lJ/ tHf;Fiuapd; kPjhd nkw;Fwpg;gpd;go. jug;gpdh;fs; rkurk; bra;Jbfhs;s xg;g[f;bfhz;Ls;sdh; vd ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F njhd;wpa[k; kw;Wk; rkur Mtzj;ijg; ghh;j;Jk;. fPH;f;fhQqk; jPh;g;ghizahdJ tH';fg;gl;L. mjpy; rkur epge;jidfs; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gplg;gl;ld: @1/,jd; fPnH ml;ltizapy; tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;s 1 Kjy; 7 tiuapyhd brhj;Jfspy; tHf;fhsh; KG chpikf;Fk; mUfija[ilatuhthh; kw;Wk; 1 Kjy; 4 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fs;. mr;brhj;Jfspd; mDgtj;ij tHf;fhshplk; xg;gilf;fntz;Lk;; 2/ 8. 9 kw;Wk; 13 thpiraplg;gl;l gzj;ij. 1 Kjy; 4 tiuapyhd tHf;fhsh;fSf;F brYj;jntz;Lk;; 10?Mk; thpiraplg;gl;l jPh;g;ghiz flida[k; mth;fs; jPh;f;fntz;Lk;; 11 kw;Wk; 12 thpiraplg;gl;l brhj;Jfs;,d;W Kjy; ehw;gj;jp Ie;J ehl;fSf;Fs;shf bgah; khw;wk; bra;ag;gl tHf;fhsUf;F cjtntz;Lk;; mjpypUe;J. nkw;go ghpfhu';fSf;fhf jPh;g;ghizia epiwntw;w tHf;fhsh; Rje;jpuKilatuhthh;/ 3/ tHf;fhsh; Vw;bfdnt mDgtj;jpYs;s brhj;Jfisj; jtpu. mtUila fzth; Mh;/tp/ yl;Rkz eha[Ltpd; brhj;Jfspnyh my;yJ 1 Kjy; 4 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fspd; brhj;Jfspnyh. Tl;lhfnth my;yJ jdpahfnth chpik nfhu KoahJ; 4/ tHf;fhshpd; fzth; Mh;/tp/ u';frhkp eha[L kw;Wk; mtUila rnfhjuh; Mh;/tp/ yl;Rkz eha[L Mfpnahhpd; brhj;Jfs; bjhlh;ghf thp epYitnah my;yJ gz;iz thp epYitnah,Uf;Fbkdpy;. mtw;iw 1 Kjy; 4 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fs; brYj;jntz;Lk;; 5/ 1 Kjy; 3 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fs; mjid mth;fSila brhe;j brytpnyna epiwntw;wntz;Lk;; FLk;gj;jpw;Fhpa tpfpjhr;rhuk; bjhlh;ghd VnjDk; jfuhiw jk;Kila brytpnyna vjph;bfhs;sntz;Lk;; tHf;fhsUf;F xJf;fg;gl;l brhj;Jfs; cl;gl midj;J brhj;Jfspd; tHf;fpw;fhd bghWg;ig kWg;ghsh;fs; 1 Kjy; 4 tiuapyhdth;fns Vw;fntz;Lk; kw;Wk; mjw;fhf tHf;fhsh; vija[k; brYj;jj;njitapy;iy; vdnt. tHf;fhsuhy; vLj;Jf;bfhs;sg;gl;l brhj;Jfspy; 1 Kjy; 4 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fSf;F ve;jtpj chpika[kpy;iy/ mJnghd;nw. Mh;/tp/ yl;Rkz eha[Ltpd; brhj;Jfspnyh my;yJ kw;wth;fspd; brhj;Jfspnyh tHf;fhsUf;Fk; ve;jtpj chpika[kpy;iy; 6/ epyj;jpw;fhd cah;j;jg;gl;l,Hg;gPl;ow;fhf Kd;dpiyahtjpy;. tHf;fhsh; 1 Kjy; 4 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fSld;,ize;J bray;glntz;Lk; /// / mjpy; U:/6775-?,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpYs;sJ/,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; nfhg;gpYs;s rp/rp/ 17-58 tHf;fpy; cah;j;jg;gl;l,Hg;gPl;Lj; bjhiffSf;F. 1 Kjy; 4 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fs; kl;Lnk chpika[ilath;fshth; kw;Wk; mt;tHf;fpd; brytpd';fis mth;fns Vw;fntz;Lk;/ 7/,j;jPh;g;ghiz Maj;jk; bra;ag;gl;l Kjy; xU thu fhyj;jpw;Fs;shf mjid gfph;e;Jbfhs;s jug;gpdh;fs; Rje;jpuKilath;fshth;; 8/ xt;bthU jug;gpdUk; mtuth; bryit jhnk Vw;fntz;Lk;; tpthpf;fj; njitg;glhj gpw tptu';fSk; cs;sd/ tHf;fpd; K:d;whk; fl;lk; 7/,J ek;ik njhw;wj;jpy; Kot[wh tHf;fpd; K:d;whk; fl;lj;jpw;F bfhz;LtUfpwJ/,';F m/t/ vz; 36-1963?I jhf;fy; bra;tjd;K:yk; jpiu tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ/ nkw;go tHf;fpd; tHf;fhsh;fs; Mh;/ mHfphpRthkp eha[L kw;Wk; tp/ fy;ahzRthkp Mth;/ Mh;/ mHfphpRthkp vd;gth; (u';fRthkp eha[L kw;Wk; yl;Rkz eha[L Mfpnahhpd; rnfhjhpa[k; kw;Wk; u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; kidtpapdpd;W (fztiu,He;jth;) ntWgl;ltUkhd fpUc&zk;khs; vd;w xUthpd; kfdhthh;/ tp/ fy;ahzRthkp vd;gth; u';fRthkp eha[L kw;Wk; yl;Rkzeha[L Mfpnahhpd; rnfhjhp jhak;khspd; kfdhd ikj;Jdh; Mthh;/ mt;tpU tHf;fhsh;fSk;,';Fs;s nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSs; cs;sdh;/ kWg;ghsh;fs; gpd;tUkhW: nkw;go tHf;fpd; xd;whk; kWg;ghsh; ahUky;y. mth; u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; kidtp (fztid,He;jth;) Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; vd;gth;jhd;/ 2?Mk; kWg;ghsuhd vk;/tp/,uhkre;jpu eha[L vd;gth;. jfuhWf;Fhpa capiy epiwntw;Wgtuhthh;/ K:d;whk; kWg;ghsuhd Mh;/ brse;jh;uh$d;. j-bg/ nf/gp/ u';fg;gh eha[L vd;gth; Mh;/tp/ u';frhkp eha[L kw;Wk; yl;Rkz eha[L Mfpnahhpd;,d;bdhU ikj;Jduhthh;/ ehd;fhk; kWg;ghsuhd v/ mHfphpRthkp vd;gth; Mh;/tp/ u';fRthkp eha[L kw;Wk; yl;Rkz eha[L Mfpnahhpd;,d;bdhU rnfhjhpapd; kfdhd kw;bwhU ikj;Jduhthh;/ kw;Wk; 4?Mk; kWg;ghsh;fSk;. v';fs; Kd;ghf nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshf cs;sdh;/ 5 kw;Wk; 6?Mk; kWg;ghsh;fSf;bfjpuhd Fw;wr;rhl;L ahbjdpy;. mth;fSf;F xd;whk; kWg;ghsuhd Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; 1 Kjy; 3 tiuapyhd brhj;Jfs; kw;Wk; 7?Mk; thpir brhj;ij tpw;f vz;zpa[s;shh; vd;gjhFk;/ m/t/ vz; 36-1963?,y; tHf;fhsh;fshy; bjhlug;gl;l tHf;fpd; RUf;fk; gpd;tUkhW: mth;fs;. mth;fSila khkh u';fRthkp eha[L mth;fshy; tpl;Lr; bry;yg;gl;l 10/05/1955?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l capiy Fwpg;gpl;ldh;/ mjpy; u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; kidtpahd xd;whk; kWg;ghsh; fpUc&;zk;khSf;F Ma[l;fhy mDgtKk;. tHf;fhsh;fSf;Fk;. kw;Wk; 4?Mk; kWg;ghsh;fSf;Fk; KG chpikaspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ nkYk;. m/t/ vz; 71-1958?,y; Rl;lg;gl;lJ/ mt;tHf;fhdJ rkurk; bra;ag;gl;Ltpl;lJ/ mj;jifa rkurj;jpy; <Lglntz;oa njitnaJk;,y;iybad;Wk;. mJ jFepiyf;Fk; gadspg;gjhf,y;iybad;Wk; thjplg;gl;lJ/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; Ma[l;fhy mDgtk; kl;Lnk bgw;wpUe;jhh;/ mth; tpw;gid bra;a jFjp tha;;e;jtUky;y kw;Wk; tHf;fhsh;fs; kw;Wk; 3 kw;Wk; 4 kWg;ghsh;fs; Mfpnahhpd; eyd;fisa[k; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; bra;atpy;iy/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F KG chpikaspf;Fk; jPh;g;ghiziag; bghWj;jtiuapy;. mJ bry;yj;jf;fjy;y kw;Wk; tHf;fhsh;fisa[k; 3 kw;Wk; 4?Mk; kWg;ghsh;fisa[k; fl;Lg;gLj;jhJ/ brhj;Jfspy; gpw;fhy chpik bgw;w tHf;fhsh;fs; kw;Wk; 3 kw;Wk; 4?Mki; kWg;ghsh;fs; jug;gpduhf nrh;f;fg;gltpy;iy/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; rkurj;jpd;K:yk; jd;Dila chpikia nkk;gLj;jpf;bfhs;s Koahbjd nkYk; Twg;gl;lJ/ mth; Ma[l;fhy chpik kl;Lnk bgw;wpUe;jhh;/ brhj;jpy; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; (1?Mk; kWg;ghsh;) chpikahdJ Ma[l;fhy mDgt chpik vd;gij mth; xg;g[f;bfhs;st[k; kw;Wk; brhj;ij tpw;gid bra;tijj; jtph;f;ft[k; nfhhp. mtUf;F tHf;fhsh;fs; 10/05/1959?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l mwptpg;g[ bfhLj;jdh;/ tHf;Fiuapd; gj;jp?11 ghh;f;f/ mJ gpd;tUkhW: @11/ fPH;f;fhQqk; jPh;g;ghizapy; 1?Mk; kWg;ghsuhy; jd; fztUila rnfhjuhpd; kfd;fSf;F tH';fg;gl;l brhj;Jfisj; jtpu ntW brhj;Jfisa[k; Mh;/tp/ u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; capy; bfhz;Ls;sJ/ tHf;fhsh;fs; mr;brhj;Jfs; bjhlh;ghd chpikfis ntW jdpg;gl;l tHf;fpd;K:yk; jf;fitj;Jf;bfhs;fpd;wdh;@ nkw;go tHf;fpy; tHf;bfG tpdhf;fs; tidag;gl;ld/ tHf;fhdJ 17/10/1970?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l cj;jutpd;K:yk; jpUj;jg;gl;lJ/ t/tp/ vz; 925-1970?,d; cj;jutpd;K:yk; 7 Kjy; 10 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fs; tHf;fpy; nrh;f;fg;gl;ldh;/ 7 Kjy; 10 tuiapyhd kWg;ghsh;fs; yl;Rkz eha[Ltpd; ehd;F kfd;fshth;; mth;fs;. gf;jtr;ryk;. bt';fl;lgjp. b$fd;ehjd; kw;Wk;,uhkrhkp Mfpnahh;/ mt;tHf;fpd; ntz;Liu gpd;tUkhW: m),jd;fPnH tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;s brhj;Jfspy; 1?Mk; kWg;ghsUf;F Ma[l;fhy mDgt chpik kl;Lnk cs;sbjd;Wk;. mjid tpw;f mjpfhukpy;iy vd;Wk;. mr;brhj;Jfspy; tHf;fhsh;fs; kw;Wk; 3 kw;Wk; 4?Mk; kWg;ghsh;fSf;F kuzkile;j Mh;/tp/ u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; capypd;go gpw;fhy chpika[s;sbjd tpsk;g[if bra;antz;Lk;/ M),t;tHf;fpd; brytpd';fis tHf;fhsh;fSf;F 1?Mk; kWg;ghsh; brYj;JkhW gzpf;fntz;Lk;/ kw;Wk;,),t;tHf;fpd; N:H;epiyfSf;nfw;g cfe;jbjd,e;ePjpkd;wk; fUJk; ghpfhuk; tH';fntz;Lk;/ nkw;go tHf;Fk;. jug;gpdh;fs; rkurj;ij njh;e;bjLg;gjw;F khwhf. ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy; tH';fg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iuapd;K:yk; Kw;Wg;bgwtpy;iy/ 18/2/1974?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l rkur MtzkhdJ. mj;jug;gpdh;fSf;F mspf;fg;gl;l chpikia epidt[ThpaJ/ mJ gpd;tUkhW bjhptpf;fpwJ: @tHf;fhsh;fSk;. 1 kw;Wk; 3?Mk; kWg;ghsh;fSk; tHf;Fiuapd;kPJ Tl;lhf nkw;Fwpg;gpl. mjid fz;ljw;F milahskhf. 5 kw;Wk; 7 Kjy; 10 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fSf;fhf Kd;dpiyahFk; tHf;Fiu"h;. mjpy; ifbaGj;jpl;lhh;/ Tl;L nkw;Fwpg;gpd; epge;jidfSf;fpz';f.,e;ePjpkd;wkhdJ cj;jut[ kw;Wk; jPh;g;ghizia tH';fpaJ: 1/,jd;fPnH tHf;Fiu ml;ltizapy; tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;s 5 kw;Wk; 6?Mk; brhj;Jfspy;. 1?Mk; kWg;ghsh; jpUkjp fpUc&;zk;khSf;F Ma[l;fhy mDgt chpik kl;Lnk cs;sJ kw;Wk; 1?Mk; kWg;ghsh; nkw;go brhj;Jfis jd; Ma[l;fhyk;tiu mDgtpj;Jf;bfhs;syhnk jtpu. mij tpw;Fk; mjpfhuk; cilatuy;y; mtUila Ma[l;fhyj;jpw;F gpd;dh; mr;brhj;Jfs;. 1 kw;Wk; 2?Mk; tHf;fhsh;fSf;Fk;. 2 kw;Wk; 4?Mk; kWg;ghsh;fSf;Fk; nruntz;Lk;/ 2/,t;tHf;fpy;. xt;bthU jug;gpdUk; mtuth; bryit mtnu Vw;fntz;Lk;/ 18/2/1974 md;W tHf;fhsh;fs; kw;Wk; 1 Kjy; 3 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fshy; nkw;Fwpg;g[ bra;ag;gl;l epge;jidfs;/ 1/ tHf;Fiu ml;ltizapy; 5 kw;Wk; 6?Mk; brhj;Jfs; bjhlh;ghf tHf;fhsh;fs; ntz;oago jPh;g;ghiz tH';fg;glyhk;; mit. tHf;FiuapYs;s vy;iyfSf;Fl;gl;L. r/vz; 467 0/98 Vf;fh;.,jpy; 0/82 Vffh;;/ tHf;Fiu ml;ltizapy; tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;s vy;iyfSf;Fl;gl;L. r/ vz; 466. 6/02 Vf;fh;.,jpy; 3/60 Vf;fh;.,J fsgl;o fpuhkj;jpw;Fl;gl;ljhFk;/ nkw;go brhj;Jfis 1?Mk; kWg;ghsh; jd; Ma[l;fhyj;jpw;Fk; mDgtpj;Jf;bfhs;sntz;oaJ. mtw;iw tpw;Fk; mjpfhukpy;iy. mtUila Ma[l;fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dh;. mit 1 kw;Wk; 2?Mk; tHf;fhsh;fisa[k;. 3 kw;Wk; 4?Mk; kWg;ghsh;fisa[k; brd;wilantz;Lk;/ nkw;go brhj;Jfspy; ve;jbthU tpy;y';fnkh my;yJ RthjPdnkh bra;atpy;iybad. 1 kw;Wk; 2?Mk; kWg;ghsh;fs; cWjpTWfpd;wdh;/ 2/ 5?Mk; kWg;ghsUf;F tpw;fg;gl;Ls;s ml;ltiz brhj;Jfs; 1 Kjy; 3 tiuapyhd brhj;Jfs;. murpdhy; ifafg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s ml;ltiz 4?Mk; brhj;J kw;Wk; 6?Mk; kWg;ghsUf;F tpw;fg;gl;Ls;s ml;ltizapd; 7?Mk; brhj;J Mfpait bjhlh;ghf nfhug;gl;l ghpfhu';fis tHf;fhsh;fs; iftpLfpd;wdh;/ fpiuak; bgw;wth;fs;,r;brhj;Jfs;kPJ KG chpika[ilath;fs; vd tHf;fhsh;fs; xg;g[f;bfhs;fpd;wdh;/ 3/ tHf;fpd; brytpd';fis. xt;bthU jug;gpdUk; jhnd Vw;fntz;Lk;/ 4/ nkw;go epge;jidfspd; mog;gilapy; 3 kw;Wk; 4?Mk; kWg;ghsh;fSf;F vjpuhft[k; jPh;g;ghiz tH';fg;glntz;Lbkd. tHf;fhsh;fs; kw;Wk; 1 Kjy; 3 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fs; ntz;Lfpd;wdh;/,t;tHf;fpd; kw;w kWg;ghsh;fSf;F vjpuhf ghpfhuk; VJk; nfhug;gltpy;iy/@,uz;L kuz';fs; 8/ yl;Rkz eha[Ltpd; kfd; u';frhkp eha[L 1976?Mk; Mz;oy; kuzkile;jhh;/ Xuhz;ow;Fg; gpd;dh;. 1977?Mk; Mz;oy; u';frhkp eha[Ltpd; kidtpa[k;. tpjita[khd Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; kuzkile;jhh;/ 4?Mk; fl;lk; 9/ 1977?Mk; Mz;oy; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dh; Mh;/ mHfphpRthkp eha[Lthy; m/t/ vz; 732-1981 jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;lJ/ nkw;go tHf;fpd; kWg;ghsh;fs;. tp/ fy;ahzRthkp. brse;juuh$d; kw;Wk; v/ mHfphpRthkp Mfpnahh;/ tHf;fhsh;fs; kw;Wk; kWg;ghsh;fs; Mfpnahh; capy;tHp chpikahsh;fshth;. mth;fns,';Fs;s nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSs; cs;sdh;/ tHf;Fiu (v16)?,y; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l tHf;fhdJ. Vw;bfdnt fz;l m/t/ vz; 36-1963 tHf;fpd; brhj;Jfs; 5 kw;Wk; 6 bjhlh;ghditahFk;/ m/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; rkurj; jPh;g;ghizahdJ. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khis brhj;Jfspd; Ma[l;fhy mDgtj;jpw;F kl;Lnk mUfija[ilatuhf;fp. mtw;wpd; chpikia tHf;fhsh; kw;Wk; 1 Kjy; 3 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fSf;fspj;jJ/ nkYk;. tHf;fhshpd; tHf;F ahbjdpy;. 30/04/1977 md;iwa Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; kuzj;jpd; mog;gilapy;. tHf;fhsh;fSk; kw;Wk; 1 Kjy; 3 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fSk; brhj;jpd; Tl;L mDgtj;jpYs;sdh;/ 1?Mk; kWg;ghsh;. 4 kw;Wk; 5?Mk; kWg;ghsh;fSf;F 1/2 Vf;fh; epyj;ij tpw;f vz;zpapUe;jjhf Kiwaplg;gl;lJ/ tHf;fhsh;fSf;F mspf;fg;gl;l chpikahdJ. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; Ma[l;fhy mDgt chpikf;F cl;gl;lbjd. m/t/ vz; 36-1963?,y; tH';fg;gl;l 18/02/1974 njjpaplg;gl;l jPh;g;ghizapd; mog;gilapnyna tHf;FK:yk; vGfpwJ/ ntz;LiuahdJ. ghfg;gphptpidf;Fhpa jPh;g;ghizf;fhdjhFk;/ 10/ 1-4 ghfk; nfhhp 3?Mk; kWg;ghsuhd v/ mHfphpRthkpahy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l vGj;J tot gjpYiuahdJ th/rh/M/17 MFk;/ brhj;jhdJ tHf;fhsh; kw;Wk; kWg;ghsh;fspd; Tl;L mDgtj;jpypUe;jjhft[k; Twg;gl;lJ/ 11/ m/t/ vz; 732-1981?,y; tH';fg;gl;l jPh;g;ghizahdJ th/rh/M/18 MFk;/ mJ nfhaKj;J}h; TLjy; rhh;g[ ePjpgjpahy; tH';fg;gl;l 21/06/1984 njjpaplg;gl;l ghfg;gphptpid tH';fpa jPh;g;ghFk;/ 5?Mk; fl;lk;-jw;bghGija tHf;F 12/ btspg;gilahf. v/ mHfphpRthkpahy; (u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; capypd; chpikahsh;fshd ehy;thpy; xUtuhdth;) brhj;J fpiuak; bra;ag;gl;lnj. jw;bghGija tHf;fpw;F ce;JtpirahFk;/ v';fs; Kd;ghd nky;KiwaPLfis cUthf;fpa (,U tHf;FfSs; Kjy; tHf;fhdJ) vl;L tHf;fhsh;fshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;lJ/ mJ m/t/ vz; 2087-82 MFk;/ (vdpDk;. MJ m/t/ vz; 649-1985?Mf kW vz;zplg;gl;lJ) Kjy; K:d;W tHf;fhsh;fSk; yl;Rkz eha[Ltpd; kfd;fshth;. 4?Mk; tHf;fhsh;. yl;Rkz eha[Ltpd; kfdhd u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; kidtp-tpjitahthh;; me;j u';fRthkp eha[L. Vw;bfdnt Fwpg;gpl;lJnghd;W 1976?Mk; Mz;oy; kuzkile;Jtpl;lhh;/ 5 Kjy; 8 tiuapyhd tHf;fhsh;fs;. u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; kfs;fshth;/ 13/ kWg;ghsh;fisg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. jw;bghGija tHf;fpw;F cldo fhuzkhd bray;ghl;ow;Fhpa v/ mHfphpRthkpna xd;whk; kWg;ghsuhthh;/
2. 3 kw;Wk; 4?Mk; kWg;ghsh;fs; u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; gpw ikj;Jdh;fshth;; mth;fs;. capypd; mog;gilapy; chpik nfhUfpd;wdh;/,t;thwhf. 1 Kjy; 4 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fs;. u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; ikj;Jdh;fs;. mth;fs; capy;tHp chpikahsh;fs; kw;Wk;,';F v';fs; Kd;ghf cs;s nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSk; Tl/ tHf;Fr; brhj;Jfspy; rpy. kWg;ghsh;fs; 5 Kjy; 26 tiuapyhdth;fSf;F v/ mHfphpRthkpahy; tpw;fg;gl;ld vd;w Fw;wr;rhl;od; mog;gilapy;. mth;fs;,t;tHf;fpy; nrh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sdh;/ 27 Kjy; 33 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fs; 10?Mk; kWg;ghshpd; thhpRjhuh;fs;. mth;fs;. 29/4/1987 njjpaplg;gl;l cj;jutpd;K:yk; tHf;fpy; nrh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sdh;/ tHf;fhsh;fs;. Ke;ija tHf;fpy; cs;sJnghd;nw mth;fSila jw;bghGija tHf;ifg; gjpe;Js;sdh;/ mit fPnH Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd/ 14/ brhj;Jfs; K:jhijah; tHpahf Mh;/ yl;Rkz eha[L kw;Wk; mtUila rnfhjuh; u';fRthkp eha[L MfpnahUf;F chpaitahFk;/ yl;Rkz eha[L kw;Wk; u';fRthkp eha[L Mfpnahh;,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpdh; kw;Wk; tHf;Fiu brhj;Jfs;,e;J Tl;L FLk;gr; brhj;JfshFk;/ u';fRthkp eha[L ve;jtpj thhpRkpd;wp kw;Wk; ghfg;gphptpidapd;wp. 1955?Mk; Mz;oy; kuzkile;jhh;/ vdnt. u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; kuzj;ijaLj;J. mr;brhj;Jfs; Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;Jfshfpd;wd. thGk; Tl;Lf; FLk;g cWg;gpdh; yl;Rkz eha[L. mr;brhj;Jfs; midj;ija[k; vLj;Jf;bfhz;lhh;/ u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; kidtpa[k;-tpjita[khd fpUc&;zk;khs;. md;iwa rl;lg;go. Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;jpy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l chpik eyd; kl;Lnk bfhz;oUe;jhh;/,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpw;F Kd;ghd u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; kuzkhdJ. caph;thGk;,e;J Tl;Lf;FLk;g cWg;gpdh; midj;J brhj;Jfisa[k; vLj;Jf;bfhs;Sk;go neh;e;jJ/ m/t/ vz; 71-1958 Rl;lg;gl;lJ/ u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; kuzj;jpw;Fg;gpd;dnu. tHf;fhsh;fSf;F capy; Fwpj;J bjhpate;jbjd Twg;gLfpwJ/ capyhdJ bgha;ahdbjd;Wk;. mw;gkhdbjd;Wk; kw;Wk; epiyf;fj;jf;fjy;y vd;Wk; tpthpf;fg;gLfpwJ/ Twg;gLk; capyhdJ 1 kjy; 4 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fspd; Kiwaw;w Mjpf;fj;jpd; fPH; u';fRthkp eha[Lthy; epiwntw;wg;gl;lbjd tHf;Fiuf;fg;gLfpwJ/ g[w;Wnehapy; Jd;g[w;Wf;bfhz;oUe;j u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; cly;eykpd;ikapd; fLikia Kiwaw;w rhjfkhfg; gad;gLj;jp. jtwhd tptu';fis cs;slf;fpa capiy epiwntw;WkhW. u';fRthkp eha[Lit kWg;ghsh;fs; mr;RWj;jpajhf njhd;WfpwJ/ capyhdJ cz;ikahd Mtzky;y/,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; md;iwa epiyg;ghl;od;go. mJ epiyf;fj;jf;fjy;y/,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; gphpf;fg;glhj brhj;jpy;. jd;Dila g';F Fwpj;J,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;g cWg;gpduhy; epiwntw;wg;gLk; ve;jbthU capYk; rl;ltpnuhjkhdJ kw;Wk; bry;yj;jfhjjhFk;/ rl;ltpnuhj capiy epiyf;fr;bra;a[k; fhuzj;jpw;fhf. rnfhjuh;fSf;fpilna tha;bkhHp ghfg;gphptpid epfH;e;jjhf. bgha;ahd fhuz';fs; capypy; nrh;f;fg;gl;ld/ mt;tptukhdJ bgha;ahdbjd;Wk; kw;Wk; mog;gilaw;wbjd;Wk; Twg;gLfpwJ/ u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; kuzk; tiuapy;. rnfhjuh;fs;,e;J Tl;Lf;FLk;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpdh;/ mjpy; gphptpida[kpy;iy. brhj;jpd; ghfg;gphptpida[kpy;iy/ mjd;gpd;dh;. eh';fs; Vw;bfdnt Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s tHf;F bjhlh;ghd Fwpg;g[ cs;sJ/,d;dKk; fPH;f;fhQqk; gpe;ija Fw;wr;rhl;Lfs; gj;jp 13?,y; kl;Lnk cs;sd/ mJ gpd;tUkhW bjhptpf;fpwJ: @XIII/ brhj;ij bgWtjw;fhf Tl;L rjpr;bray;,u';fj;jf;ftifapy; njhy;tpa[w;wij ed;fwpe;j 1 Kjy; 4 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fs; bjhe;jut[k; rpf;fYk; Vw;gLj;jj; Jt';fpdh;/ mz;ikapy; tHf;F brhj;Jfspd; Fwpg;gpl;l rpytw;iw j';fSila rhjfkhdth;fSf;F khw;w. cs;nehf;f';fSld; vz;zpa[s;sdh;/ jk;Kila Ke;ija elj;ijapd; mog;gilapYk;. bry;yhj kw;Wk; bray;glhj capypd; mog;gilapYk; tHf;Fr; brhj;Jfspy; chpiknaJk; nfhuKoahJ vd;gij Kw;wpYk; ed;F mwpe;j 1 Kjy; 4 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fs;. jkf;F rhjfkhdth;fSf;fhjuthd kw;Wk; nghypahd Mtz';fis itj;Js;sdh;/ 1?Mk; kWg;ghsuhd v/ mHfphprhkpahy;. 5 Kjy; 26 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fSf;F tHf;Fr; brhj;Jfspy; rpy tpw;fg;gl;ld vd;gij tHf;fhsh;fs; g[hpe;Jbfhs;fpd;wdh;/ tHf;fhsh;fs; rkh;g;gpg;gjhtJ//. mit bry;yj;jfhjit kw;Wk; bray;glhjitahFk;/ nkw;go Mtz';fspd;,t;tHf;fhsh;fs; jug;gpdh;fsy;y kw;Wk; mg;ghpth;j;jidfisg; g[wf;fzpf;f mUfija[ilath;fshth;/@ 1960?Mk; Mz;oy; tHf;fhsh;fs; j';fSila brhj;Jfis j';fSila brhe;j chpikfspd; mog;gilapy; gphpj;Jf;bfhz;ldh; vd nkYk; Twg;gLfpwJ/ mth;fs;. brhj;JfSf;fhd thp kw;Wk; gpwtw;iw brYj;jptUfpd;wdh;/ brhj;Jfs; mth;fSilabjd;w mog;gilapy;. mr;brhj;JfSf;fhd tptrha thpia brYj;jptUfpd;wdh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; fzthpd; kuzj;ijaLj;J. mtUila gphpf;fg;glhj brhj;Jfspy; fpUc&;zk;khs; Ma[l;fhy chpik bfhz;oUe;jhh; vd mDkhdpj;jhY';Tl. mtUila kuzj;ijaLj;J gpd;dh; mJ KG chpikahfptpl;lJ/ mtUila fzthpd; chpikahdJ,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;g cWg;gpdh; vd;w KiwapYk; kw;Wk; thhpRhpik mog;gilapYk;. 1 Kjy; 3 tiuapyhd tHf;fhsh;fisa[k; kw;Wk; mtUila rnfhjuh; kuzkile;j u';fRthkpiaa[k; te;jile;jJ/ tHf;FiuapYs;s Tw;WfSf;F Fe;jfkpd;wp. u';fRthkpahy; epiwntw;wg;gl;l capyhdJ epiyf;fj;jf;fbjdpDk;. capypy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l brhj;Jfs; bjhlh;ghd. mtUila kidtp fpUc&;zk;khSf;F mspf;fg;gl;l Ma[l;fhy chpikahdJ. 1956?Mk; Mz;ila 30?Mk; rl;lj;jpd;K:yk;. mth;. tHf;Fr; brhj;Jfs; cl;gl capypd; brhj;Jfs; midj;jpw;Fk; KG chpikahsuhfptpl;lhbud thjplg;gLfpwJ/ 15/ ghfg;gphptpid nfhUjy; bjhlh;ghf nfhaKj;J}h; rhh;g[?ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;g[ jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l m/t/ vz; 732-1981?I Fwpg;gpl;L. nfhaKj;J}h; rhh;g[?ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;ghd m/t/ vz; 71-1958?,d; rkur jPh;g;ghizapd;K:yk;. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; tHf;Fr; brhj;Jfis tHf;fhsh;fSf;F tpl;Lf;bfhLj;Js;shbud;Wk;. mit bjhlh;ghf 1 Kjy; 4 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fs; vija[k; nfhuKoahbjd;Wk; thjplg;gLfpwJ/ mit. nfhaKj;J}h; rhh;g[?ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;ghd m/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; eltof;ifapYk; kw;Wk; m/t/ vz; 732-1981?k; 1 Kjy; 4 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fshy; xg;g[f;bfhs;sg;gl;ld/ 16/ tHf;fhsh;fs; chpikapd; tpsk;g[ifnfhhp cWj;Jf;fl;lis gpwg;gpf;FkhW ntz;odh;/ mJ. mth;fs; brhj;jpd; mDgtj;jpy;,Ue;jdh; vd;w mog;gilapyhdJ kw;Wk; xd;whk; kWg;ghsuhd v/ mHfphpRthkp ve;jtpj mjpfhuKkpd;wp gpw kWg;ghsh;fSf;F fpiuag;gj;jpuk; epiwntw;wp. mth;fs; tHf;fhsh;fspd; mDgtj;ij,ila{W bra;a Kaw;rpf;fpd;wdh; vd;gjhFk;/ 17/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; jug;gpy;. capy;tHp chpikahsh;fSs; xUtUk; kw;Wk; m/t/ vz; 732-1981?,y; tHf;fhsh;fSs; xUtUkhd Mh;/ mHfphpRthkpahy; m/t/ vz; 89-1983 jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;lJ; mjpy; 1 Kjy; 3 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fs; capy;tHp chpikahsh;fSs; rpyuhf fhz;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.
4 Kjy; 11 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fs; yl;Rkz eha[Ltpd; tifawhit gpujpepjpj;Jtk; bra;jdh; kw;Wk; 13 Kjy; 33 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fs; tHf;Fr; brhj;Jfis fpiuak; bgw;wth;fshth;/ nkw;go tHf;fpy; nfhug;gl;l ghpfhukhdJ. tHf;Fiu ml;ltizr; brhj;Jfspy; ghfg; gphptpidahFk;/ tHf;fhsh;. mth;fSila chpik tpsk;g[ifa[k; TLjyhf,Hg;gPL kw;Wk; tUtha; MjhaKk; nfhhpdh;/ RU';ff;Twpd;. Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l tHf;F gpd;tUkhW: tHf;fhsh;. jd;Dila khkdhy; epiwntw;wg;gl;l capiy Rw;wpdhh;/ mth;. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; 30/04/1977 md;W kuzkile;jij tHf;fpd; mog;gilahf vLj;Jf;bfhz;lhh;/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; kuzj;ijaLj;J. tHf;fhsUk; 1 Kjy; 3 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fSk; rk chpik bgw;Ws;sdh; vd Twg;gl;lJ/ brhj;Jfs;. yl;Rkz eha[Ltpd; kfd;fshd 4 Kjy; 6 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fspd; mDgtj;jpy; cs;sd/ m/t/ vz; 649-1985 Fwpg;gplg;gl;L. mJ bry;yj;jf;fjy;y vd fUj;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ/ 1932?Mk; Mz;oy; yl;Rkz eha[Lt[f;Fk;. u';fRthkp eha[Lt[f;Fkpilna tha;bkhHp ghfg;gphptpid epfH;e;jjhf Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ/ nkYk;. F/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 145?,d; eltof;ifa[k; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ/ gpd;dh;. m/t/ vz; 71-1958 Rl;lg;gLfpwJ/ nkw;go tHf;fpd; jPh;g;ghizahdJ bry;yj;jf;fjy;y vd Twg;gl;lJ/ capypd;go Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; Ma[l;fhy chpik kl;Lnk bgw;wpUe;jhh;/ tHf;fhsUk; 1 Kjy; 3 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fSk; nkw;go tHf;fpd; jug;gpdh;fsy;yh;. mj;jPh;g;ghiz mth;fis fl;Lg;gLj;jhJ/ mjd;gpd;dh;. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs;. jd;Dila mDgtj;jpy;,Ue;j brhj;ij tpw;f Kad;whh;/ mjd;tpisthf. fpiuaj;ij Ml;nrgpj;J m/t/ vz; 36-1963 jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;lJ/ rkurk; Fwpj;J Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ/ mt;tHf;fpy;,ize;Jbfhz;l 4 Kjy; 11 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fs;. rkurj;jpid Mjhpj;jdh;. mjd; bghUs; mth;fs; capiy Vw;Wf;bfhz;ldh; vd;gjhFk;/ vjph;kDjhuh;fisg; bghWj;jtiuapy; gjpYiufs; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;ld. mjpy;. vjph;kDjhuh;fisg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. mth;fshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l tHf;fpy; tHf;Fiuapd; epiyg;ghl;ilna xg;g[f;bfhz;ldh;/,U tHf;FfSk; nrh;j;J tprhhpf;fg;gl;ld/ m/t/ vz; 649- 1985?,y;. m/1 Kjy; m/117 tHf;fhsh;fs; jug;gpy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;ld/ m/t/ vz; 89-1983?,y; tHf;fhsh;fshd,t;tHf;fpd; kWg;ghsh;fs; jug;gpy;. gp/1 Kjy; gp/18 tiu jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;ld/ tprhuiz ePjpkd;wkhdJ m/t/ vz; 649-1985?I Kjd;ikahd tHf;fhf ghtpj;jJ/ rhh; gjpthsh; mYtyfg; gjpntl;od; ifnuifahdJ (X[1]). rp/1?Mf FwpaPL bra;ag;gl;lJ/ TLjy; rhh;g[ ePjpgjpahdth;. 12-08-1989 njjpaplg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iuapd;K:yk;. m/t/ vz; 89-1983?I bryt[j;bjhiffSld; js;Sgo bra;J. m/t/ vz; 649-1985?I bryt[j;bjhiffSld; mDkjpj;J jPh;g;ghiz tH';fpdhh;/ 18/ tprhuiz ePjpkd;wkhdJ. tHf;F gpur;rpidfis Kiwg;gLj;jpa gpd;dh;. @u';fRthkp eha[Lt[k; kw;Wk; mtUila rnfhjuUk; 1932?Mk; Mz;oy; brhj;Jfis g';F gphpj;Jf;bfhz;ldh;@ vd;gJ Vw;fg;glKoahbjd Kot[ bra;jJ/ u';fRthkp eha[Lthy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l 10/05/1955?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l capypd; ehsd;W 1956?Mk; Mz;ila,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lk; bfhz;Ls;s gphpt[ 30 eilKiwapy;,y;iy vd;gjhYk;. capypd; ehs;tiuapy; u';fRthkp eha[L,e;J Tl;Lf;FLk;g cWg;gpduhf bjhlh;e;jhh; vd;gjhYk; kw;Wk; md;Wtiuapy;,e;J Tl;Lf;FLk;g gphpf;fg;glhj brhj;Jfs; vr;rl;lj;jpdhYk; ghjpf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gjhYk;. nkw;go capyhdJ bry;yhbjd nkYk; mwpag;gLfpwJ/ capyhdJ. gy Iaj;jpw;Fhpa N:H;epiyfshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ljhft[k; nkYk; mwpag;gLfpwJ/ nkw;go capyhdJ mr;RWj;jy; kw;Wk; Kiwaw;w bry;thf;fpd;K:yk; bgwg;gl;lbjd;Dk; fhuz';fspd; mog;gilapy; yl;Rkz eha[Ltpd; thhpRfshy; jhf;fg;gl;lbghGjpYk;. nkw;go thj';fs; Vw;fg;gltpy;iy/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F Mjuthd capypd; mog;gilapy; Kw;gltpiHe;jhYk;.,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lg;gphpt[ 14(1)?I bghWj;jtiuapy;. Ma[l;fhy chpikahdJ fpUc&;zk;khspd; KG chpikahf kyh;e;J. mJ. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; tHf;Fr; brhj;Jfspd; v";rpa KG chpikahsh;fs; vd;Dk; tHf;if xJf;fptpl;lJ vd;gJ Vw;fg;glKoahbjd tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk; mwpe;jJ/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l tHf;fhdJ js;Sgo bra;ag;gl;lJ; yl;Rkz eha[Ltpd; thhpRjhuh;fshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l tHf;nfh mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ/ nky;KiwaPLfspy;. u';fRthkp eha[Ltpw;Fk; kw;Wk; yl;Rkz eha[Ltpw;Fk;,ilna tha;bkhHp ghfg;gphptpid VJk; epfHtpy;iy vd;Dk; tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fUj;Jld; Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk; cld;gl;lJ/ vdpDk;. 10/05/1955 md;W bra;jpj;jhspd; btspaPl;ilg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. gphpf;fg;glhj,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpy; gpst[ Vw;gl;ljhf ePjpkd;wk; mwpfpwJ/ mJ. u';fRthkp eha[Lthy; bry;yj;jf;f capyhdJ epiwntw;wg;gl;ljhf bghUs;gLfpwJ/ Iaj;jpw;Fhpa N:H;epiyfs;,Ug;gjhd. tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mwpe;jikapy; (Kotpy;) ew;TW,Ug;gjhf nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk; mwpatpy;iy/ tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mwpe;jikia (Koit) ghuhl;o. nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wkhdJ. capypd; mog;gilapy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l epge;jidf;Fl;gl;l brhj;JhpikahdJ.,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lg;gphpt[ 14(2)?,d;go mike;jnjad;wp. gphpt[ 14(1)?,d;go my;y vd nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk; mwpe;jJ (Kot[ bra;jJ)/ tHf;fpd; bghUz;ikfSf;F bghUe;JtJ rhd;wpay; rl;lg;gphpt[ 69 md;wp gphpt[ 68 my;y vd Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk; mwpe;jJ/ ntW brhw;fspy; TWtjhdhy;. jw;bghGija tHf;fpy; capypd; rhl;rpfs;,UtUk;,we;Jtpl;ldh; vd mwpag;gl;lJ/ gp/7. capy; rhl;rpfSila thf;FK:y';fspd; efyhFk;/ gphpt[ 69?,y; njitg;gLtJ epU:gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ mjw;fg;ghy;. capyhdJ gjpag;gl;lbjd;Wk;. mjd;go epakpf;fg;gl;l epiwntw;Weh;. mtUila kidtp fpUc&;zk;khspd; ikj;Jdh; vd;Wk;. capiy cUthf;fpajpy; ve;j KiwnfLk; bra;ag;gltpy;iy vd;Wk; Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk; Fwpg;gpl;lJ/ FwpaPl;lhtzk; (rp/1)?MdJ mry; capiy Kd;dpiyg;gLj;JkhW ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy; gzpf;fg;gl;lijaLj;J. epiwntw;Wehpd; kfdhy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l cWjpbkhHp MtzkhFk;/ cz;ikapy;. ePjpj;Jiw eLth; Kd;ghd rl;lg;gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd eltof;ifapy; mry; capy; Mtzk; Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jg;gl;lbjd;Wk;. mjd;,uz;lhk;ju rhd;wpy; tprhuiz ePjpkd;wKk; Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wKk; jpUg;jpa[w;wd vd;Wk; Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk; mwpe;jJ/,r;rhd;Wfspd; mog;gilapy;. Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wkhdJ. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l nky;KiwaPLfis mDkjpj;J m/t/ vz; 36-1963?,y; rhjfj; jPh;g;ghiz tH';fp. nfhug;gl;lJnghd;W. brhj;Jfis ehd;F ghf';fshf gphpj;J ghfg;gphptpid tH';fpaJ/ vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l tHf;fhdJ js;SgoahdJ/ 19/ cah; ePjpkd;wkhdJ.,uz;lhk; nky;KiwaPLfspy;. rhd;wpay; rl;lg;gphpt[ 68?,d; njitfs; epiwt[bra;ag;glhjjhy;. capyhdJ Vw;fg;glKoahbjd vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd jd;Dila jPh;g;g[iuapd;K:yk; Kot[ bra;jJ/ capypd; rhl;rpfSs; xUthpd; thf;FK:ykhd gp/7 Kiwahd capypd; epiwntw;wiy epWttpy;iy. mjpy;. capypd; kw;bwhU rhl;rpahd lhf;lh; Iah;. mjpy; rhl;rp ifbaGj;jpl;lij epWttpy;iy/ 1956?Mk; Mz;ila,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lg;gphpt[ 14(1) bghUe;Jtjhft[k; cah; ePjpkd;wk; Kot[ bra;jJ/,J. u';frhkp eha[Ltpd; kidtp Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; Kd;g[ bgw;wpUe;j thH;thjhu chpikapd; mog;gilapyhdjhFk;/ vdnt. gphpt[ 14(2) bghUe;jhJ/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; thH;thjhu Kd;Dhpikapd; rhuj;jpd; mog;gilapnyna capyhdJ Ma;t[ bra;ag;gl;lJ/,J. gphpt[ 14(1)?,d; fPHhd mtUila epge;jidf;Fl;gl;l chpikia tphpt[gLj;jpaJ/ nkw;go mwpe;jikfspd; mog;gilapYk; kw;Wk; vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd jPh;g;g[iuapd;fPH; tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuahdJ caph;g;gpf;fg;gl;ljd; mog;gilapYk;. v';fs; Kd;ghf,k;nky;KiwaPLfs; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gLfpd;wd/ tHf;F gpur;rpidfs; kw;Wk; tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mwpe;jikfs; Mfpatw;wpd;kPJ xU MHkhd ghh;it 20/ tprhuiz ePjpkd;wkhdJ m/t/ vz; 649-1985?,y; tHf;F gpur;rpidfs; 14 kw;Wk; TLjy; gpur;rpid xd;iwa[k;,dk; fz;lJ/ m/t/ vz; 89-1983?,y; tHf;F gpur;rpidfs; 3 kw;Wk; TLjy; gpur;rpid xd;W Mfpatw;iw,dk; fz;lJ/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhy; nfhug;gl;lJnghd;W. u';frhkp eha[Ltpw;Fk; kw;Wk; yl;Rkz eha[Ltpw;Fkpilna tha;bkhHp ghfg;gphptpid epfH;e;jjh> vd;w tHf;F gpur;rpid xd;wpw;F. tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk; gpd;tUkhW tpilaspf;fpwJ: tha;bkhHp ghfg;gphptpid ele;jJ bjspthf epU:gpf;fg;gltpy;iybad mwpag;gLfpwJ/ gp/1 mwptpg;ghdJ. 12/05/1955 njjpaplg;gl;l fojkhf gpd;dh; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ/ gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd eltof;ifapy; Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhf tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy; Rl;lg;gl;lJk; kw;Wk; yl;Rkz eha[Lthy; mDg;gg;gl;ljhf Twg;gl;lJkhd 11/05/1955 njjpaplg;gl;l mwptpg;ghdJ Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jg;gl? tpy;iybad nkYk; mwpag;gl;lJ/ mjw;fpizahf. gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd eltof;ifapy; Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhf gp/44?Mf Fwpg;gplg;gl;lJk; kw;Wk; u';fRthkp eha[Lthy; mDg;gg;gl;ljhf Twg;gl;lJkhd 16/5/1955 njjpaplg;gl;l mwptpg;g[';Tl Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy/ ePjpkd;wkhdJ. @gfte;j; gp/ Rnyf;?vjph;? jpfk;gh; nfhghy; Rnyf;1 @ vd;w tHf;ifa[k; Rl;oaJ/ capypd;K:yk; ghfg;gphptpid epfH;e;jbjd;Dk; ghfj;ija[k; mJ Fwpg;gpl;lJ/ u';fRthkp eha[L jdpg;gl;lKiwapy; tptrhathp brYj;jp. Mjhu';fisj; jhf;fy; bra;Js;shh; vd;Wk;. jdpg;gl;lKiwapy; tUkhdthp brYj;jpdhh; vd;Wk;. kw;Wk; t';fp fzf;F itj;jpUe;jhh; vd;Wk; th/rh/1 Twpa[s;sbghGjpYk;. 1932?Mk; Mz;ow;Fg; gpd;dUk;,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gk; bjhlh;e;jbjd;Wk;.,e;J Tl;Lf;FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fshf bjhlh;e;jdh; vd;Wk;. ghpth;j;jidfs; midj;Jk;,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;g ghpth;j;jidfshfnt epfH;e;jdbtd;Wk; v/13 Kjy; v/15 tiuapyhd FwpaPl;lhtz';fs; bjhptpj;jjhf mJ Kot[ bra;fpwJ/,J,t;thW fhzg;gLk;bghGjpYk;. u';fRthkp eha[Lthy; jdpg;gl;lKiwapy; brhj;Jfs; th';fg;gl;lJ. gp/3 Kjy; gp/5 tiuapyhd Mtz';fshy; epWtg;gLfpwJ/,r;brhj;Jfs; K:jhijah; brhj;Jfshf ghtpf;fg;gLfpd;wd;,Wjpapy;. 1932?Mk; Mz;oy; tha;bkhHp g';fPL epfHtpy;iybad Kot[bra;tjd;K:yk;. tHf;F gpur;rpid vz; 2?f;F vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F Mjuthf ePjpkd;wk; tpilaspj;Js;sJ/ 12/5/1955?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l capyhdJ u';fRthkp eha[Lthy; vGjg;gl;ljh. bry;yj;jf;fjh. cz;ikahdjh my;yJ mtUila ????????????????????????????? 1/ V/I/Mh;/ 1986 v!;/rp/ 79 kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dh; vGjg;gl;ljh vd;Dk; tHf;Fg; gpur;rpid xd;wpw;F ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy; gpd;tUkhW tpilaspf;fg;gLfpwJ: ePjpj;Jiw Kd;ghft[';Tl mry; capyhdJ Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jg;? gltpy;iy vd;Dk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; Tw;iw tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk; epuhfhpj;J. ePjpj;Jiw eLth; Kd;ghd rl;lg;gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd eltof;ifapy;. mry; capyhdJ gp/68?Mf kd;dpiyg;gLj;jg;gl;lbjd Kot[ fhz;fpwJ/ capiy Kd;dpiyg;gLj;JkhW capy; epiwntw;Wehpd; kfDf;F mDg;gg;gl;l rp/1 mwptpg;ig ePjpkd;wk; nkYk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ/ jd;dplk; capy;,y;iybad. capy; epiwntw;Wehpd; kfdhy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l cWjpbkhHp Mtzj;ija[k; kw;Wk; capypd; efyhdJ gp/10?Mf FwpaPL bra;ag;gl;lija[k; ePjpkd;wk; ftdj;jpy; bfhs;fpwJ/ capyhdJ ve;j mstpw;F cz;ikahdbjd;Wk; kw;Wk; gp/7 FwpaPl;lhtzkhdJ ve;j mstpw;F ek;gfkhdbjd;Wk; ghprPypf;f tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk; Kide;jJ/ gp/7?MdJ 10/05/1955 njjpaplg;gl;l capypd; rhl;rpfSs; xUtuhd bt';flRthkp eha[Ltpd; thf;FK:yj;jpd; efyhFk;/,t;thf;FK:ykhdJ rl;lg;gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd eltof;iffspy; mtuhy; mspf;fg;gl;ljhFk;/ tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk;,e;j rhl;rpa';fis tpthjpf;f Kw;gl;lJ/ nkw;go rhl;rpaj;jpy; (gp/7). nkw;go rhl;rpahdth; kw;bwhU rhl;rpahy; rhl;rp ifbaGj;jplg;gl;lij Fwpj;J ngrtpy;iy/ kw;bwhU rhl;rp te;J. rhh; gjpthshpd; tUiff;F Kd;ng brd;Wtpl;lhbud mth; thf;FK:yk; mspj;Js;shh;/ capy; Vw;bfdnt jl;lr;R bra;ag;gl;lJ/ ahh; capiy cUthf;fpath; vd;gJ Fwpj;J Twg;gltpy;iy/ capyhsh; Ra epidt[ld;,Ue;jJ Fwpj;J rhl;rpahdth; gp/7?,y; ngrtpy;iy/ mJ kpft[k; Iaj;jpw;FhpaJ/ mth; me;j capiy Rje;jpukhd tpUg;gj;Jld; vGjpa[s;shuh vd;gJ Iaj;jpw;Fhpajhf mwpag;gl;lJ/ capypd; 1 kw;Wk; 4?Mk; gf;f';fs; ikapdhy; vGjg;gl;oUe;jd/ mry; capY';Tl Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jg;? gltpy;iy/,J MH;e;j re;njf';fSf;F tHpnfhypaJ/ rl;lg;gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd eltof;iffspy;. *capypd; midj;J gf;f';fspYk; u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; ifbaGj;jpUe;jJ* vd th/rh/1 thf;FK:yk; mspj;jjhnyna capy; cz;ikahdbjd vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; xg;g[f;bfhz;ljhf bfhs;sKoahbjd ePjpkd;wk; fUjpaJ/ capyhshpd; FLk;g ez;gUk; kUj;JtUkhd kw;bwhU rhl;rpahdth;. capyhdJ,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;lbjhU Mtzkhf,Uf;Fbkdpy;.mjpy; jd;Dila bgaiu gad;gLj;j mDkjpj;jpUf;fkhl;lhh; vd;gJk; gp/12?MdJ mtUila FLk;gj;jpduhy; kw;w rhl;rpapd; kuzj;ijaLj;J bra;jpj;jhspy; btspaplg;gl;l tpsk;guk; vd;gJk;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; tHf;fhFk;; kUj;JtUk; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; Kiwapltpy;iy kw;Wk; mt;t[apyhdJ cz;ikahdjy;y vd ePjpkd;wk; Kot[bra;jJ/ capyhsh; 5 rnfhjhpfis bfhz;oUe;jhh; vd;gija[k;. mth;fSs; xUtUf;F thhpR,y;iybad;gija[';Tl ePjpkd;wkhdJ gj;jp 32?,y; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ/ gpw 4 rnfhjhpfSk;. Mz; kw;Wk; bgz; FHe;ijfis bgw;wpUe;jdh;/ xt;bthU rnfhjhpf;Fk; gpwe;j xnu xU kfDf;F capypd; K:yk; brhj;J tH';fg;gl;lJk; Iaj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ/ mjw;fpz';f. tHf;Fg; gpur;rpidf;F gjpyspf;fg;gl;lJ/ g';fPL epfH;e;jJ epU:gpf;fg;glhjjhy;. capy; bry;yhJ vdt[k; mwpag;gl;lJ/ ed;dp gha; kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? fPjhgha;2 kw;Wk; (nkw;go) gftj; gp/ Rnyf; ?vjph;? jpfhk;gh; nfhghy; Rnyf; kw;Wk; gyh; Mfpa nkw;go tHf;Ffspy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iufspy; ftdk; jpUg;gg;gLfpwJ/ mjw;fpz';f. tHf;Fg; gpur;rpid vz; 1?f;F gjpyspf;fg;gl;lJ/ mwpe;jik (KothdJ). capyhdJ bry;yj;jf;fjy;y kw;Wk; mJ cz;ikahdjy;y vd;gjhFk;/ 21/ tHf;F gpur;rpid vz; 3: yl;Rkz eha[L. vr;r thhpRhpikK:yk; brhj;ij bgw;whuh> u';fRthkp eha[L capnyJk; vGjpitf;fhky;,we;Jtpl;lhh;. Mdhy; mtUila kidtp-tpjitahd Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; thhpRhpik bgw;whh; vd mwpag;gl;lJ (Kot[ bra;ag;gl;lJ)/ u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; ghjp brhj;jpy;. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; Ma[l;fhy chpik bgw;whh;/ mth;. 1937?Mk; Mz;ila,e;J bgz;fs; brhj;Jhpik rl;lj;jpd;fPH; chpik bgw;whh;/ vdnt. tprhuiz ePjpkd;wkhdJ. vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F vjpuhft[k; kw;Wk; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F Mjuthft[k; tHf;F gpur;rpidf;F gjpyspj;jJ/ jd;Dila rnfhjuh; u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; kuzj;ijaLj;J. yl;Rkz eha[L vr;r thhpRhpikahsuhdhh; vdt[k;.,e;J rl;lg;go yl;Rkz eha[L Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;JfSf;F KG chpikahsuhfptpl;lhh; vd;w mog;gilapy;. tHf;Fiu ml;ltiz brhj;Jfspy;. vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; chpika[ilath;fsy;y vd;gij. tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mwpe;jik (Kot[) vd bghUs;gLfpwJ/ ???????????????????????????
2. V/I/Mh;/ 1958 v!;/rp/ 706 22/ tHf;Fg; gpur;rpid 4 m/t/ vz; 89-1983?,d; tHf;fhsh; kw;Wk; 1 Kjy; 3 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fs; Mfpnahh; rl;lg;gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd eltof;iffshy; jilbra;ag;gLfpd;wduh> nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; nkw;go eltof;iffspd; jug;gpdh;fsy;y vd;Wk; kw;Wk; me;eltof;iffspd; cj;juthdJ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fis fl;Lg;gLj;jhbjd Kot[bra;tjd;K:yk; tHf;Fg; gpur;rpid 4?MdJ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;fhjuthf gjpyspf;fg;gl;lJ/ 23/ tHf;Fg; gpur;rpid 5: m/t/ vz; 71-1958?,y; tH';fg;gl;l jPh;g;ghizahdJ t";rfkhdjh> bry;yj;jfhjjh> kw;Wk; m/t/ vz; 89-1983?,y; tHf;fhsiu fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpwjh> vd;gjhFk;/,t;tHf;F gpur;rpidahdJ fPH;fhQqkhW gjpyspf;fg;gl;lJ: v/2 FwpaPl;lhtzkhd m/t/ vz; 71-1958?,d; jPh;g;ghizahdJ. tpjit Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F tHf;Fiu ml;ltiz brhj;Jfs; 1 Kjy; 7 tiuapyhdtw;wpw;F KG chpik tH';fpaJ vd mwpag;gl;lJ/ t";rfk; VJk;,Ue;jjw;fhd Mjhuk; xd;Wkpy;iy vd mwpag;gl;lJ/ v/3 (m/t/ vz; 36-1963) kw;Wk; v/4 (Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l gjpYiu) Mfpatw;wpy;. rkurkhdJ fpUc&;zk;khspd; tpUg;gg;go epfH;e;jJ vd Twg;gl;ljhf mwpag;gl;lJ (Kot[ bra;ag;gl;lJ)/,t;thwhf tHf;Fg; gpur;rpid Ie;jhdJ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;bfjpuhf gjpyspf;fg;gl;lJ/ 24/ mjd;gpd;dh;. tprhuiz ePjpkd;wkhdJ. tHf;F gpur;rpid vz; 6 kw;Wk; m/t/ vz; 89-1983?,y; TLjy; tHf;F gpur;rpid vz; 1 Mfpatw;iwg; ghprPypj;jJ/ m/t/ vz; 36-1963?MdJ jilahfpwjh vd;w tHf;Fg; gpur;rpid vz; 6?f;F gjpyspf;ifapy;. mt;tHf;fhdJ rkurj;jpy; Koe;jjh> mJ jilahfhJ vd Kot[bra;ag;gl;lJ/ m/t/ vz; 36-1963?I jhf;fy; bra;jjd; K:yk;. c/tp/K/r/. Miz II. tpjp 2?,d; fPHhd jil brayhf;fg;gl;L. m/t/ vz; 89-1983?I jhf;fy; bra;ag;gLtij jil bra;jjh vd;Dk; TLjy; tHf;F gpur;rpid xd;iw bghWj;jtiuapy;. m/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; tHf;F brhj;Jfisj; jtpu. gpw brhj;Jfs; bjhlh;ghf g[jpa tHf;F bjhlh;tjw;fhd chpikf;fhf me;ePjpkd;wj;jpy; mDkjp VJk; nfhug;gltpy;iybad. ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy; mwpag;gl;lJ/ tHf;fhsh;. tHf;fpy; xU jug;ghf bray;gl;Ls;shh;/ Miz II. tpjp 2?,d; fPHhd jilahdJ brayhf;fg;gLfpwJ vd ePjpkd;wk; Kot[bra;jJ/ 25/ tHf;F gpur;rpid vz; 7: kWg;ghsh; vz; 1?Md v/ mHfphpRthkpahy; tHf;Fiuf;fg;gl;lJnghd;W. mtUf;Fk;. tHf;fhsUf;Fk;. 2 kw;Wk; 3?Mk; kWg;ghsh;fSf;fpilna tha;bkhHp g';fPL epfH;e;jjh vd;gjw;F xd;whk; kWg;ghsUf;bfjpuhf gjpyspf;fg;gl;L. mj;jifa ghfg;gphptpid epU:gpf;fg;gltpy;iy vd mwpag;gl;lJ/ 26/ tHf;F gpur;rpid vz; 8 kw;Wk; 10 Mfpait chpa jug;gpdiu nrh;f;fhik. njitaw;w jug;gpdiu nrh;j;jik kw;Wk; m/t/ vz; 89-1983?,d;
13 Kjy; 34 tiuapyhd kWg;ghsh;fs; njitahd jug;gpdh;fsh vd;gd bjhlh;ghditahFk;; mjw;F/ chpa jug;gpdiu nrh;f;fhiknah my;yJ njitaw;w jug;gpdh;fis nrh;j;jiknah,y;iy vd;Wk;. mt;tHf;fpw;F ntW VJk; jug;gpdh;fs;,Ue;jjhf rhd;nwJkpy;iy vd;Wk; Kot[ bra;J. gjpyspf;fg;gl;lJ/ (,J bjhlh;ghf ftdj;jpw;bfhs;sg;glntz;oaJ ahbjdpy;. 13 Kjy; 34 tiuapyhd gpujpthjpfspd; bjhlh;igg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. rhl;Liuf;fg;gl;l tha;bkhHp ghfg;gphptpidapd; mog;gilapy;. Kjy; gpujpthjpahy; tHf;Fiu ml;ltizr; brhj;jpd; gFjp khw;wk; mspf;fg;gl;l egh;fs; mth;fns vd;gjhFk;/) 27/,e;j vGtpdht[ld; bjhlh;g[ila vGtpdh vz; 12?MdJ 13 Kjy; 34 tiuapyhd gpujpthjpfs; VnjDk; epahakhd ghpfhuk; bgw chpika[ilath;fsh vd;gjhFk;/,e;j vGtpdhtpw;F. 13 Kjy; 34 tiuapyhd gpujpthjpfSf;F vjpuhf gjpyspf;fg;gl;lJ/ 28/ vGtpdh vz; 11 kw;Wk; 13?MdJ. thjpf;F brhj;jpy; chpika[s;sjh> nkYk;. ghfg;gphptpidf;F chpika[s;sjh> vd;gJ bjhlh;g[ila vGtpdhtpd; Jiz tpdhf;fshFk;/,U vGtpdhf;fSk; thjpfSf;F vjpuhf gjpyspf;fg;gl;ld/ gpd;dh; ePjpkd;wk;. K/t/ vz; 649-1985?,d; vGtpdh vz; 1?I ghprPyid bra;a Kw;gl;lJ/,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; mog;gilapy;. capypd; fPH; tUk; brhj;jpw;F Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; g{uz chpika[ilatuh vd;gnj tpdhthFk;/ rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 14(1)?,d; fPH; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; chpikahdJ g{uz chpikahfpa[s;sJ vd ePjpkd;wk; jPh;khdpj;jJ/ 29/,Wjpahf. tHf;Fiuapy; ntz;Liuj;jgo mjpYs;s thjpfs; ghpfhuk; bgw chpika[ilath;fsh> nkYk;. mth;fs; cWj;Jf;fl;lisf;fhd ghpfhuk; bgw chpika[ilath;fsh> vd;gjhd vGtpdhit K/t/ vz; 649- 1985?,y; ePjpkd;wk; ghprPypj;jJ/ ePjpkd;wk;. tHf;Fiuapd; ml;ltizr; brhj;J K:jhijah; brhj;J vd fz;lwpe;jJ/ thjpfs; yl;Rikah eha[Ltpd; rl;lg;goahd thhpRjhuh;fs;. u';frhkp eha[L,we;jjd;nghpy;. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; jdJ chpikia tpl;Lf;bfhLj;jjd; tpisthf K/t/ vz; 71- 1958?,y; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l xj;jpirt[j; jPh;g;ghizapd; mog;gilapy; mth;fs; chpikbgw;wdh;/ K/t/ vz; 649-1985 jPh;g;ghizaplg;gl;L K/t/ vz; 89-1983 js;Sgo bra;ag;gl;lJ/ Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;ghd tHf;F eltof;if 30/ Kjy; ehd;F nky;KiwaPLfs; bghJ jPh;g;g[iuf;F vjpuhf jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;ld ? nk/t/ vz; 194-1989?MdJ K/t/ vz; 89-1989?,y; thjpahy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;lJ. K/t/ vz; 649-1985?,y; gpujpthjpahd Mh;/ mHfphprhkp vd;w mnj eguhy; nkw;go tHf;fpd; jPh;g;ghizia vjph;j;J nk/t/ vz; 195-1989?MdJ jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;lJ/ K/t/ vz; 649-1985?,d; 2?Mk; gpujpthjpahd tp/ fy;ahzrhkp. mjpYs;s jPh;g;ghizia vjph;j;J nk/t/ vz; 320-1992?I jhf;fy; bra;Js;shh;/ K/t/ vz/ 89-1983?,d; jPh;g;g[iuia vjph;j;Jiuf;Fk; mjpy;. 2?Mk; gpujpthjpahft[k; cs;s tp/ fy;ahzrhkp. nk/t/ vz; 225-1992?,d; nky;KiwaPl;lhsUkhthh;/ (K/t/ vz; 689-1985?,d; gpujpthjpfshft[k; cs;s K/t/ vz; 89-1983?,d; gpujpthjpfs; gp/13 Kjy; gp/34 cl;gl kw;w gpujpthjpfshy; nky;KiwaPL VJk; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gltpy;iy vd;gJ ftdj;jpw;FhpaJ) Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fhz;Kot[fs; 31/ tHf;Fr; brhj;J u';frhkp eha[Ltpw;F 1932?Mk; tH';fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gjhy;. mJ gpw brhj;JfspypUe;J jdpj;jpUe;jJ vd;gJ bka;g;gpf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;w tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fUj;Jld; Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk; cld;gl;oUe;jJ/ MapDk;. u';frhkp eha[L gphpf;fg;glhj,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpy; nrh;e;J thH;e;j rkaj;jpy;jhd;,we;Jtpl;lhh;. jdpj;J thHtpy;iy vd;w jPh;Kotpw;F mJ tHpnfhyptpLk; vd;W ePjpkd;wk; fz;lwpe;jJ/ ehspjHpy; tpsk;gukhd gp/1?I mspj;jjd;thapyhf ghfg;gphptpid braw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ vd nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk; fz;lwpe;jJ/ u';frhkp eha[L ghfk; gphpf;fg;glhj,e;J FLk;gr; brhj;Jfspy; rpytw;iw xUjiyg;gl;rkhf gphpj;J tphpthd capiy vGjpdhh;. mJ gpd;dpl;L tpsf;fg;gLk;/ mth; jkpH;ehL rl;lrigapd; cWg;gpduhf,Ue;Js;shh; vdj; jPh;khdpf;f ePjpkd;wk; Kw;gl;lJ/ mtUk; mtuJ rnfhjuUk; 1944 kw;Wk; 1958?Mk; Mz;LfSf;fpilna gy;ntW brhj;Jfis RthjPdj;jpy; itj;jpUe;jdh;/ TLjyhf 1000 Vf;fh; epyj;jpid FLk;gk; th';fpaJ vd;gija[k; m/rh/1 Vw;Wf;bfhz;lhh;/ u';frhkp eha[Ltpd; rnfhjhpfs; ruhrhp thH;f;ifia elj;jpte;jdh;/ mth; jdJ rnfhjhpfsplj;jpy; kpft[k; gw;WjyhapUe;jhh;/ mth; jdJ rnfhjhp mk;kzp mk;khspd; kho tPl;oy; trpj;J te;jhh;/ mth; jdJ xt;bthU brhe;j rnfhjhpfspd; kfd;fspy; xUtiu njh;t[bra;jhh;/ xU kpy;ypd; ghfk; mtuJ rnfhjuUf;F mspf;fg;gl;lJ/ mtuJ kidtpapd; cld;gpwe;njhh; kfd;-kfis epiwntw;whsuhf njh;t[bra;ag;gl;lJk; ghprPypf;fg;gl;lJ/ gjpt[bra;ag;gl;l capypd; efiy rhh;epiy rhd;whf Vw;Wf;bfhs;tJ vd;gJ @Kw;wpYk; rhpna@ vd;gij ePjpkd;wk; fz;lwpe;jJ/ rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 69 kw;Wk; gp/7?,d; rhl;rpaj;jpy; rhh;t[w;wjd;nghpy;. rhl;rpar; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 69?,d; njitg;ghLfs; epiwntw;wg;gl;Ls;sjhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ/ gjpt[ bra;jy; midj;J re;njfj;ija[k; ePf;fpaJ/ Mh;/1?Md capyth;. FwpaPl;L nuif itg;gij kWj;J ifbahg;gkpLtij typa[Wj;jpdhh; vd;w bghUz;ik. mth; rPhpa kdepiyapy;jhd;,Ue;Js;shh; vd;gij btspg;gLj;Jtjdhy; mjd;kPJ rhh;t[wg;gl;lJ/ tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jhy; bjhpe;Jbfhs;sg;gl;l Iaj;jpw;fplkspf;Fk; N:H;epiyfs;. me;j tifapy; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F jpUg;jpaspf;ftpy;iy/ capy; gp/10?MdJ cz;ikahdjhf fhzg;gl;lJ/ capyhdJ tYf;fl;lhakhft[k;. tw;g[Wj;jypd;nghpYk; bgwg;gl;lJ vd;W bka;g;gpf;Fk; bghWg;g[ vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; epiwntw;wg;gltpy;iy/ gp/1 thapyhf ghfg;gphptpid braw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ vd;gij ePjpkd;wk; fz;lwpa Kw;gl;lJ/ gp/1?MdJ 10/5/1955 md;W u';frhkp eha[Lthy; tpsk;guk; bra;ag;gl;lJ vd;gij fz;lwpe;jJ/ u';frhkp eha[L gphpf;fg;glhj,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpy; bjhlh;tjhf Fwpg;gpl;L gp/1?I kWj;Jiuj;J 11/5/1955 md;W yl;Rikah eha[Ltpw;F fojk; xd;iw vGjpdhh;/ u';frhkp eha[L gp/1?I cWjpg;gLj;jp 16/5/1955 md;W gjpy; fojk; xd;W mDg;gpdhh;/ mit tHf;F eltof;iffspd; gphpt[ 145?,y; gp/43 kw;Wk; gp/44?Mf FwpaPL bra;ag;gl;ld/ gp/1?Md ehspjHpd; mwpf;ifapd; thapyhf ghfg;gphptpid braw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sjh vd;gJ Fwpj;j tpdh vGg;gg;gltpy;iy vd;w vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; thJiuia kWj;Jiuj;J. 1?Mk; gpujpthjpapd; tHf;FiuapYk;. kw;w gpujpthjpfspd; vjpUiuapYk; thJiua[s;sjhf fhzg;gl;lJ/ u';frhkp eha[L bra;jJnghy;. brhj;jpid jdJ g';fpw;F xUjiyg;gl;rkhf gphpg;gjw;F Tl;Lf; FLk;g cWg;gpdUf;F tha;g;gpy;iy vd;w thJiu bjhlh;ghf thjpfs;. gpujpthjpfs; tpag;gilatpy;iy/ mJ jFjpg;ghLfspd;wp fhzg;gLfpwJ. nkYk; gpd;tUkhW Mjutspf;fpwJ: K/t/vz;/ 71-1958 kw;Wk; K/t/vz;/ 36-1963?,d; xUjiyg;gl;rkhd xJf;fPL Fwpj;J vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; VbjhU kWg;g[k; bjhptpf;ftpy;iy/,uz;lhtjhf.,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpw;F brhe;jkhf E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd Vf;fh;fspyhd 93 tifahd brhj;JfSf;F nky; cs;sjhft[k;. mr;brhj;Jfspd; xU rpwpa gFjp kl;Lnk xUjiyg;gl;rkhf xJf;fPL bra;ag;gl;ljhft[k; bjhpfpwJ/ @mij Kw;wpYk; epahakw;wjhf fUjKoahJ@ vd;W ePjpkd;wk; fz;lwpe;jJ/ (nkw;go) gfte;j; gp/ Ryhnf tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;Koit ePjpkd;wk; ftdj;jpw;bfhz;lJ/ mJ Tl;lhz;ikapy; gpur;rpid Fwpj;j tHf;F vd;gjhy; mt;thW jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ vd;w jPh;Kotpd;K:yk; mJ ifahsg;gl;lJ/ 16/5/1955?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l u';frhkp eha[Ltpd; fojj;jpy; rhh;t[w;wjd;nghpy;. mjpy; mth; gp/1 tpsk;guj;ij cWjpbra;jhh;. @tpsk;g[if vd;gJ xUjiyg;gl;rkhd bray;@ vd fUjtpayhJ vdt[k;.,r;brayhdJ Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;Jfspd; jd;ikia khw;whJ vdj; jPh;khdpf;f,ayhJ vdt[k; fz;lwpe;jJ/ gpur;rpidiag; bghWj;jtiuapy; bjhptpf;fg;gl;lJ ahbjdpy;. gp/1?MdJ ghfg;gphptpidia cUthf;fpaJ vdj; jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gjhFk;/ u';frhkp eha[L xUjiyg;gl;lrkhd xJf;fPL bra;jpUe;jhY';Tl.,yl;Rikah eha[L kw;Wk; mtuJ kfd;fs; j';fsJ gpd;dpl;l eltof;ifapd;K:yk; mj;jifa xUjiyg;gl;rkhd xJf;fPl;il Vw;Wf;bfhz;ldh; vd;Wk;. Mfnt mth;fs; capiy vjph;f;f chpika[ilath;fsy;yh; vd;gJkhFk;/ 32/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,y; tif vz; 1?,ypUe;J 3. 4 kw;Wk; 7 Mfpait bjhlh;ghf Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; g{uz chpikia Vw;Wf;bfhz;l nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; elj;ijia mog;gilahff;bfhz;L. vjph;nky; KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F vjpuhf Kuz;jilapd; thjk; vGg;gg;gLtJ jFjpaw;wJ vdf; fz;lwpag;gl;lJ/ 1. 3 kw;Wk; 4 tifapyhdtw;iw. nkw;go tHf;fpd; 5 kw;Wk; 6?Mk; gpujpthjpfSf;F Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; tpw;wjhf bjhpfpwJ/ tif vz; 7?MdJ murh';fj;jhy; ifafg;gLj;jg;gl;l epykhFk;/ vjdog;gilapy; 1 Kjy; 4 tiuapyhd gpujpthjpfs; murhy; ifafg;gLj;jg;gl;l brhj;Jtiffs; kw;Wk; tpw;fg;gl;l brhj;JfSf;F cld;gl;oUe;jdh; vd;W btspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd rhd;whtzk; VJkpy;iy vdj; bjhpfpwJ/ nkYk;. cld;gof;if vd;gJ tpw;fg;gl;l kw;Wk; ifafg;gLj;jg;gl;l brhj;J tiffs; bjhlh;g[ilajhFk;.,r;NHiy nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F vjpuhd bray; vd ePjpkd;w';Tl fUjKoahJ vd;W fz;lwpag;gl;lJ/ mjd;gpd;dh;. ePjpkd;wk; gp/10 capypy;. 19 tifahd brhj;Jfs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sij fz;lwpe;jJ/ xj;jpirt[j; jPh;g;ghizapd; fPH; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F g{uz chpik tH';fg;gl;l brhj;J tiffshd 1 Kjy; 7 tiuapyhdit K/t/ vz; 36- 1963?,y; tHf;Fr; brhj;Jfshf ml;ltizaplg;gl;ld/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,d; kw;w brhj;JfspYs;s jdJ chpikiaj; Jwe;Jtpl;lhh; vd;gJ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; xg;g[f;bfhs;sg;gl;ljhy;. mr;brhj;Jfs; K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,y; ml;ltizaplg;gltpy;iy. nkYk;. fl;lis II. tpjp 2?I gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd jil ePf;fwt[ bra;ag;gl;lJ vd;gnj vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; thJiuahFk;/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; thjpahdth; chpikiaj; jf;fitj;Jf;bfhz;lij ePjpkd;wk; fz;lwpe;jJ/,uz;lhtjhf Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd;,wg;igg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. 1963?f;F gpd;duhd 1977?,y; Vw;gl;Ls;sjhy;. fl;lis II. tpjp 2?,d; jilahdJ bghUe;jhJ/ 1963?Mk; Mz;oy; thjpf;F chpikapy;iy vd;gjhYk;. mJ capypd; g{uz chpikahsuhd Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd;,wg;gpw;Fg; gpd;dnu mth;fSf;F (capy;tHp chpikahsh;fs;) te;jile;jjhYk;. fl;lis II. tpjp 2 bghUe;jf;? Toajy;y vdf; fz;lwpag;gl;lJ/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; jPh;g;ghizahdJ. K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,d; xj;jpirt[ jPh;g;ghizia tYtpHf;fr;bra;jJ. mjpy; 1 Kjy; 7 tifapyhd brhj;JfSf;F Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; g{uz chpikahsuhf;fg;gl;lhh;/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; jPh;g;ghizapd;go yl;Rikah eha[Ltpd; kfd;fs; jug;gpdh;fshfr; nrh;f;fg;gl;ldh;/ mth;fs; tHf;Fiu"iu epakpj;jdh;/ tHf;Fiu"h; xj;jpirt[ jPh;g;ghizf;fhf Tl;L nkw;Fwpg;ig nkw;bfhz;lhh;/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; jPh;g;ghizg;go 5 kw;Wk; 6 tifapyhd brhj;Jfspd; chpikahdJ. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F Mjuthf Ma[l;fhy ghj;jpaijapd;thapyhf xJf;fg;gl;lJ. mJ vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F vjpuhdjhf fhzg;gl;lJ/ capypd; chpikahdJ. jug;gpdh;fspd; elj;ijapd;K:yk; mspf;fg;gl;lJ/,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 14?,d;goahdJ fUj;JkhWghl;il bghWj;jtiuapy;. K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,y; khw;Wg; ghpfhuj;jpw;fhf kl;Lnk gphpt[ 14(1)?,d; fPH; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; chpik nfhhpajhf fhzg;gl;lJ/ K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,y; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F mspf;fg;gl;l g{uz chpikahdJ. gphpt[ 14(1)?,d; fPH; mtUf;F mspf;fg;gl;l chpikna vd;gij ePjpkd;wj;jhy; jPh;khdpf;f,aytpy;iy. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; tHf;F mt;thwpUf;ifapy;. mth;fs; jug;gpdh;fshf;fg;? gl;oUf;fntz;Lk;. nkYk;. capypd; epiwntw;whsiu tHf;fpypUe;J tpLtpj;jpUf;ff;TlhJ/ gphpt[ 14(1)?,d; fPH; g{uz chpikiag; bgWk; cs;nehf;fk; VJk; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F,Ug;gjhfj; bjhpatpy;iy/ nkYk;. mtUf;F brhj;jpy; ve;j g';Fk; fpilf;ff;TlhJ vd;w Kiwapnyna vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; elj;ij cs;sjhfj; bjhpfpwJ/ yl;Rikah eha[Lt[k;. mtuJ kfd;fSk;. brhj;jpid j';fsJ cilikapy; jf;fitj;Jf;bfhs;tjw;fhf gphpt[ 145?,d; fPH; tHf;F eltof;iffis bjhlh;e;jdh;/ K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,y; 1 Kjy; 7 tiu rpW mstpyhd brhj;J xj;jpirtpd; K:yk; tH';fg;gl;lJ/ xd;Wk;,y;yhjjw;F VnjDk;,Ue;jhy; eyk; vd fUjpa Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; mij mtuJ Ma[s; ghj;jpaijahf Vw;Wf;bfhz;lhh; vdj; jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ/ K/t/ vz;71-1958?,d; gphpt[ 14(1)?,d;go Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; chpik bgw;wpUe;jhh; vd;Wk;. nkYk; mth; 1 Kjy; 7 tiffspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sijj; jtpu kw;w midj;J brhj;Jfisa[k; Jwe;Jtpl;ljhf btspg;gilahf Twg;gltpy;iy vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; xj;jpirt[ jPh;g;ghizahdJ. jug;gpdh;fs; capypid gpd;gw;w tpUk;g[tijna btspg;gLj;JfpwJ/ mJ K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,d; xj;jpirt[ jPh;g;ghizia tYtpHf;fr; bra;J. mth;fs; brhj;J tiffis Ma[s; ghj;jpaij mspj;jij btspg;gLj;JfpwJ/ mjd;gona nky;KiwaPL vz;/ 195-1989 kw;Wk; nky;KiwaPL vz; 20-1989 mDkjpf;fg;gLfpd;wd/ K/t/ vz; 649-1985 js;Sgo bra;ag;gl;lJ/ K/t/ vz; 89-1983?,d; jPh;g;g[iu ePf;fwt[ bra;ag;gl;L. nk/t/ vz; 194-1989 kw;Wk; nk/t/ vz; 225-1992 mDkjpf;fg;gLfpd;wd mt;tHf;F jPh;g;ghizaplg;gl;lJ/ ml;ltiz II?,d; brhj;Jfs; 4 rhprkkhd ghf';fshf gphpf;fg;glntz;Lk; vd;Wk;. mjpy; xU ghfk; thjpf;F xJf;fg;glntz;Lk; vd;Wk; cj;jutplg;gl;lJ/ ghfg;gphptpidf;fhd Kjy;epiy jPh;g;ghiz gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. nkYk;. c/tp/K/r/. Miz 20 tpjp 12?,d; fPHhd tpz;zg;gj;jpd; mog;gilapy;,ilf;fhy tUkhdk; jPh;khdpf;fg;glntz;Lk;/ vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd jPh;g;g[iuapy; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fhz;Kot[fs;/ 33/ bghJ jPh;g;g[iu K:yk; cah; ePjpkd;wk;,uz;lhk; nky;KiwaPLfis Kot[ bra;jJ/,U ePjpkd;w';fSk; 1932?,y; ghfg;gphptpid Vw;gl;ljw;fhd rhd;W VJkpy;iy vd;W xU';fpay;thf fz;lwpe;jJ/ mj;jifa NH;epiyapy;. u';frhkp eha[Ltpd;,wg;gpw;F Kd;djhf ghfg;gphptpid Vw;gl;ljh> vd;w tpdhit fz;lwpa Kw;gl;lJ/ gp/1?I tH';fpajd;K:yk; ghfg;gphptpid Vw;gl;ljh> vd;gjhd vGtpdh VJk; vGg;gg;gltpy;iy vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;lJ/ Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk; gp/1?,d; mog;gilapy; ghfg;gphptpidapd; Fwpg;gpl;l vGtpdh tide;jjhf fz;lwpag;gl;lJ/ gp/1?,d; mog;gilapy;. ghfg;gphptpidapd; jFepiy bka;g;gpf;fg;gltpy;iy/ K/t/ vz; 89-1983?,d; thjp 12/5/1955?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l gp/1?,y; rhh;t[w;wij vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; xg;g[f;bfhs;s Kw;gl;ldh;/ mt;thwpUf;ifapy;. K/t/ vz; 649-1985?,d; Kjy; gpujpthjp vjph;tHf;Fiuapy;. mth; 1932 Kjy; jdJ rnfhjuiutpl;L gphpe;Jbrd;w FLk;g cWg;gpdh; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;L 10/5/1955 md;W u';frhkp eha[L bghJ mwptpg;g[ xd;iw tH';fpdhh;/ mjw;fhd mwptpg;g[ 11/5/1955 md;W tH';fg;gl;lJ. mjw;F u';frhkp eha[Ltpw;F gjpYk; tH';fg;gl;lJ/ 12/5/1955?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l @et,e;jpah@ ehspjiHj; jtpu. tHf;F eltof;iffspy; ahbjhU rhd;whtzKk; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gltpy;iy vd nkYk; fhzg;gl;lJ/ u';frhkp eha[L,wg;gjw;F Kd;g[ rnfhjuh;fSf;fpilna gphptpid VnjDk;,Ue;jJ vd;W Kot[bra;tjw;fhd fhuzk; Kw;wpYk;,y;iy vd;W ePjpkd;wk; fz;lwpe;jJ/ nkYk; Fwpg;gpLifapy;. 1932?,y; u';frhkp eha[Ltpw;Fk;. mtuJ rnfhjuUf;Fkpilna Vw;gl;l Ke;ija ghfg;gphptpidapd; mog;gilapy;. u';frhkp eha[L mwptpg;g[ btspaplg;gl;ljhf TWtJ thjj;jpypy;iy. mJbjhlh;ghf Ke;ija ghfg;gphptpid VJkpy;iy vd;W ePjpkd;w';fs; xU';fpay;thf jPh;khdpj;jJ. nkYk; u';frhkp eha[Ltpd;,wg;gpw;F Kd;dh; mtUf;Fk;. mtuJ rnfhjuUf;Fkpilnaahd ghfg;gphptpid rhd;W VJkpy;yhjjhy;. Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fhz;KothdJ mog;gilaw;wjhf tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ u';frhkp eha[Ltpw;F capy; vGJtjw;fhd VnjDk; chpika[s;sjh vd;gnj re;njfj;jpw;Fhpajhf fhzg;gLfpwJ/ cz;ikahd capy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gltpy;iy/ thjp (K/t/ vz; 89-1983?,d; thjp) capiy jhf;fy; bra;tjw;fhd eltof;iffs; VJk; vLf;ftpy;iy/ rhh;gjpthshplkpUe;J gjpntl;oypUe;J VJk; ghprPypf;fg;glnth. miHg;ghizapl;L X1?Mf FwpaPL bra;ag;glnth,y;iy/ gphpt[ 145?,d; tHf;F eltof;iffspd; eLth; capiyf; Fwpj;J tpthjpf;ftpy;iy. nkYk;. K/t/ vz; 89-1983?,d; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;?thjp. brayhl;rp eLthpd; cj;juit kl;Lnk rhh;t[w;whh;/ nkYk; mk;kzp mk;khspd; tPl;oy; nkw;Fwpg;g[ bra;ag;gl;L. capy; gjpt[ bra;tjw;fhf Kd;itf;fg;gl;lJ/ Mdhy; gp/7 rhd;bwhg;g rhl;rpapd; rhd;Wiug;go.,we;jthpd; tPl;oy; capy; gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;lbjd fhzg;gLfpwJ/ mry; capy;,y;yhky;. rhl;rpar; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 68 kw;Wk; 69?,d; njitg;ghl;ow;F,z';fhjjhYk; capy; bka;g;gpf;fg;gltpy;iy vd ePjpkd;wk; fz;lwpe;jJ/ capypd; gjpit capiy bka;g;gpf;Fk; jd;ika[ld; jtph;j;JtplKoahJ/ mijf;Fwpj;j tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fhz;Kot[fs; xj;Jg;nghfpwJ. 1990?,y; capy; epiwntw;whsh;,we;Jtpl;ljhf Twg;gLfpwJ/ Mdhy;. mr;rkaj;jpy; capiy jhf;fy; bra;tjw;F ve;jbthU eltof;iffSk; vLf;fg;gltpy;iy/ gphpt[ 145?,d; fPH; tHf;F eltof;iffspd; Mtz';fis tutiHg;gjw;F thjp Vd; ve;j eltof;ifa[k; vLf;ftpy;iy vd;gJ bjhpatpy;iy/ xj;jpirtpd; mog;gilapy;,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 14(1)?,d; fPH; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; chpik bgw;Wf;bfhz;lhh;/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; chpikahdJ mtuJ fzth; 1/6/1955 md;W bray;ghl;ow;F te;jJ/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;nf chpikahd brhj;ij mth; ngQqtjw;fhd chpika[s;sJ. rhJ rp'; ?vjph;? FUj;Jthuh rhcwpg; ehhpnf kw;Wk; gyh;3. vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuia cah; ePjpkd;wk; ntWgLj;jpf; fhl;oaJ/ mth;. gphpt[ 14(1)?,d; fPHhd chpikapd; epkpj;jk;. K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,y; xj;jpirit Vw;gLj;jpdhh;. mJ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; Kw;wpYkhf m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;lJ/ nky;KiwaPLfs; mDkjpf;fg;gl;L. tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;ghiz kPl;lspf;fg;gl;lJ/ jug;gpdh;fspd; thJiufs; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; tpthjk; kw;Wk; vGj;JK:y tHf;Fiu 34/ eh';fs; jug;gpdh;fSf;fhf Kd;dpiyahd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"hpd; thjj;ijf; nfl;nlhk;/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; rhh;ghf fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ rp/v/ Re;juk;?My; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l thJiufis eh';fs; nfl;nlhk;/ nkYk; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; rhh;ghf fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h;fs; jpUkjp nkhfdh kw;Wk; jpU/ tp/ fphp Mfpnahhpd; thj';fisf; nfl;nlhk;/ nkYk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; rhh;ghf fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h;fs; jpU/ nkhfd; guhruz;. jpU/ v!;/ FU fpUc&;zFkhh;. jpU/ rpj;uh rk;gj;. jpU/ tp/,uhfthr;rhhp Mfpnahhpd; thj';fisf; nfl;nlhk;/,J jtpu. K/t/ vz; 649-1985?,y; 1?Mk; gpujpthjpaplkpUe;J ????????????????????????????
3. 2006 (8) v!;/rp/rp/ 75 cilik khw;wk; bgw;w rpyhpd; rhh;ghf Kd;dpiyahd fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ v!;/ ehfKj;J mth;fspd; gzpe;Jiuiaf; ftdj;jpw;bfhz;nlhk;/ 35/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; rhh;ghf fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ rp/V/ Re;juk; Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jg;gl;lhh;/ cah; ePjpkd;wkhdJ. vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd jPh;g;g[iuapy;. c/tp/K?r/?,d; gphpt[ 100?,d; fPHhd tuk;bgy;iyapd; kPWifiaa[k;. bghUz;ikfspd; mog;gilapy; fhz;Kot[fis kWkjpg;gPL bra;jJk; mDkjpf;fj;jf;fjy;y vd;W mth; thJiuj;jhh;/ 1932?Mk; tUlj;jpy; tha;bkhHp ghfg;gphptpid ele;Js;sjh vd;gij fz;lwptjhy; v';fsJ ftdk; <h;f;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gjpy; re;njfk; VJkpy;iy. MapDk; 1/6/1955 md;W u';frhkp eha[L,wg;gjw;F Kd;g[ gp/1 ehspjHpy; tpsk;guk; mspg;gjd;thapyhf gphpf;fg;glhj,e;J FLk;gr; brhj;jpd; ghfg;gphptpidapd; khw;wj;ij bfhz;LtUtjw;fhd rl;lj; njitg;ghL epiwntw;wg;gl;lJ vd;W mth; thJiuj;jhh;/ mth; gp/1?,Ys;s thrf';fis ftdj;jpw;bfhz;L. mjpy; gphpf;fg;gl;lij Fwpj;J u';frhkp eha[Ltpd; bjspthd tpsk;g[if cs;sjhft[k; gzpe;Jiuj;jhh;/ 11/5/1955 njjpad;W mtuJ rnfhjuiu bjhlh;g[bfhz;ljpy; gp/1?,d; cs;slf;f';fis tpthjpg;gjhf fUj;Jiuf;fpwJ/ Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpy; ghfg;gphptpidia Vw;gLj;j tpUk;g[k; FLk;g cWg;gpdh; mtuJ nehf;fj;ij bjhptpf;fntz;Lk; vd;gnjhly;yhky;. mJ kw;w g';FhpikaUf;F bjhptpf;fg;gl;L epiwntw;wg;gl;oUf;fntz;Lk; vd;gnj rl;lj; njitg;ghlhFk; vd;W thJiug;gjw;F,g;bghUz;ikfs; ftrkhf tps';Ffpd;wJ/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; tHf;fpy; ek;gfj;jd;ik mspf;Fk;tiu K:j;j rnfhjuh; gjpyspj;jhh;/ u';frhkp eha[L rhd;whtzk; gp/1?,y; bjspthff; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s jdJ epiyg;ghl;il tw;g[Wj;Jk;tifapy; 16/5/1955 njjpaplg;gl;l fojk; mDg;gpdhh;/,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; FLk;g cWg;gpdh; xUth; FLk;gj;Jldhd jdJ bjhlh;ig mWj;Jf;bfhz;L. Ghfk; gphpf;fg;glhj epiyapypUe;J tpl;L eP';Ftjw;fhd fhuznk njitapy;iy vd;gJ rl;lky;y vd;W fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h; Fwpg;gpl;lhh;/ re;njfkw;w tpsk;g[ifna njitahdjhf cs;sJ/ mJ bjhptpf;fg;gl;L. gp/1?I tH';fpajd;K:yk; epiwntw;wg;gl;lJ/ capy; cz;ikahdJk;. tpy;y';fkw;wJk;. re;njfj;jpw;fplkw;wJkhFk; vdg; bghUz;ikfspd;,Wjp ePjpkd;wkhd Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk; fz;lwpe;jJ vd;W nkYk; mth; gzpe;Jiuj;jhh;/ u';frhkp eha[Ltpw;F jdJ rnfhjhpfis kpft[k; gpof;Fk;/ mtUf;F FHe;ijfns,y;iy/ vdnt. mtuJ,wg;g[ btF J}uj;jpypy;iy vd;gij czh;e;J mth; Ma[s; ghj;jpaijia jdJ,U kidtpfSf;F mspj;Jk;. jdJ xt;bthU rnfhjhpfspd; kfd;fspy; 4 egh;fis njh;e;bjLj;J. 4 capy;tHp chpikah;fshf;fp (v';fs; Kd;g[s;s nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs;) g{uz chpikaspf;f tpUk;gpdhh; vd;w fhz;KotpypUe;J mJ,ay;ghdJk;. epahakhdJk; vdj; njhd;WfpwJ/ tHf;F eltof;iffspd; gphpt[ 145?,d; fPH; rhd;bwhg;g rhl;rpfshy; mspf;fg;gl;l rhl;rpa';fs; rhl;rpar; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 69?,d; njitg;ghLfis epiwntw;Wtjhf Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wj;jhy; rhpahfnt fhzg;gl;lJ/ rhd;whtzk; gp/1?,d; njjpapy; cs;s Kuz;ghl;ilg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. mjhtJ tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj; jPh;g;g[iuapd; gpd;dpizg;gpy; 12/5/1955 njjpahf Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ jtwhFk;/ cz;ikahd njjpahdJ 10/5/1955 MFk;/ Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpy; ghfg;gphptpidia epiwntw;Wk; njitg;ghl;ilg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. mth; gpd;tUk; jPh;g;g[iufspy; rhh;t[w;whh;: 1/ fpUc&;zgha; gphpjhh; fz;gj; uht; njc&;Kf; ?vjph;? mg;ghrhcwpg; Jy;$huhkhuht; epk;ghy;fh; kw;Wk; gyh; 4; 2/ ml;lfhlh uhftk;kh kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? Ml;lfhlh brd;rk;kh kw;Wk; gyh; 5 / 3/ mjpahyj; fhjpRkh kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? mjpahyj; gpN kw;Wk; gyh;6. 10/5/1955?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l btspaPl;od;K:yk; u';frhkp eha[L jdJ jFepiyapy; ghfg;gphptpid Vw;gLj;jpdhh; vd;W btspg;gLj;Jk;bghUl;L nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; F/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd tHf;F eltof;iffspy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l gp/2 Mizapd;nky; rhh;t[w;wdh;/ kw;bwhU thJiu ahbjdpy;. capy; epiwntw;wg;gl;lJ';Tl jFepiyapd; tpsk;g[iff;F epfuhFk;/ (nkw;go) ml;lfhlh uhftk;kh tHf;F kw;Wk; gfthd; fphpc&z; Fg;jh ?vjph;? gpugh Fg;jh kw;Wk; gyh;7. Mfpa tHf;Ffspy; rhh;t[wg;gl;lJ/ capy; epiwntw;wg;gl;l? jpypUe;J. u';frhkp eha[Ljhd; Fwpg;gpl;l brhj;Jfis fl;Lg;gLj;jpitj;J ?????????????????????????????????
4. 1979 (4) v!;/rp/rp/ 60
5. V/I/Mh;/ 1964 v!;/rp/ 136
6. V/I/Mh;/ 1951 vk;/v/o/ 561
7. 2009 (11) v!;/rp/rp/ 33 te;jJ bjhpfpwJ/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; kw;Wk; tHf;F eltof;iffspy; capy; epiwntw;whshpd; rhl;rpak;. brhj;Jfis ifahStjw;Fk;. mtuJ kpfg;bghpa brhj;jpd; xU gFjpia capy; vGJtjw;Fk; capytUf;F jFjpa[s;sJ vd;gij epUgpf;fpwJ/ $yh$h bc&l;o kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? yc&;kp bc&l;o kw;Wk; gyh;8. cwh;jpnah uha; ?vjph;? rFe;jyh njtp kw;Wk; gyh;9 kw;Wk; rhh;ghw;Weh;fspd;K:yk; fy;ahzp (,we;jth;) ?vjph;? ehuhazd; kw;Wk; gyh;10. nghd;w,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mwpf;ifaplg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iufspy; rhh;t[wg;gl;ld/ u';frhkp eha[L capypd; brhj;Jfis Fwpj;Jf;fhl;lt[k;. jPh;t[bra;at[k; jFjpa[ilath; vd;gnj nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; gzpe;JiuahFk;/ u';frhkp eha[L jdJ gzj;jpy; jdJ bgahpnyna brhj;Jfis th';fpdhh;/ mJ mtuJ brhe;j brhj;jhf mtuhy; ifahsg;gl;lJ/ tuk;bgy;iy tiuapyhd ghfg;gphptpid fl;lhaky;y/ tHf;F eltof;iffspd; gphpt[ 145?,d; rhd;bwhg;g rhl;rpaj;jpy; xUthpd; thf;FK:yj;ij ghh;itapl;ljd;nghpy; rhl;rpar; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 69?,d; njitg;ghLfs; epiwntw;wg;gl;Ls;sjhfj; bjhpfpwJ/ m/rh/1?My; capythpd; ifbahg;gk; milahs';fhzg;gl;lJ/ mry; capyhdJ tHf;F eltof;iffspd; gphpt[ 145?,d;go jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;lJ/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; gphpt[ 145?,d; tHf;F eltof;iffisa[k;. mijj; bjhlh;e;J tUk;. mjhtJ. K/t/ vz; 71-1958 kw;Wk; K/t/ vz; 36-1963 Mfpa tHf;Ffisa[k; capypd; ??????????????????????????????
8. 1973 (2) v!;/rp/rp/ 773
9. 2008 (7) v!;/rp/rp/ 46
10. 1980 (2) v!;/rp/Mh;/ 1130 mog;gilahff; bfhz;Ls;shh;/ capypidf; Fwpj;J vGtpdh tidag;gl;oUe;jhY';Tl vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; xj;jpirit Vw;Wf;? bfhz;ldh;/ capyhdJ gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l Mtzk; vd;Wk;. gjpt[ bra;jJ cskhh;e;j bray; vd;gija[k; epidtpw;bfhz;Ls;nshk;/ capypy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s thrf';fSk;. N:H;epiyfSk;. u';frhkp eha[L jdJ brhj;Jfspy; rpytw;iw mth; kpft[k; md;g[ itj;jpUe;j jdJ rnfhjhpfspd; kfd;fSf;F bfhLf;ftpUk;gpdhh; vd;gnj mtuJ cs;nehf;fkhf,Ue;jJ bjspthfpwJ/ mJnt nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; thJiuahFk;/ nf/v!;/ gHdprhkp (,we;jth;) rl;lg;goahd rhh;ghw;Weh;fs; K:yk; kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;?,e;J fk;a{dpl;o,d; b$duy; kw;Wk; rpord;!; Mg; nfhgpbrl;oghisak; kw;Wk; gyh;11 ?,y;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fhuztpsf;fj;jpw;F eh';fs; <h;f;fg;gLfpnwhk;/ nkYk; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; gzpe;Jiu ahbjdpy;. tpjitahd Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F mtuJ Ma[l;fhyj;jpd;nghJ tiuaWf;fg;gl;l brhj;Jfs; kl;Lnk,Ue;jJ vd;Wk;. mJt[k;,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 14(1)?,d; fPH; g{uz chpikahf tphptilatpy;iy vd;gJkhFk;/ K/t/vz; 71- 1958?,y; Mh;/fpUc&;zk;khshy; nfhug;gl;l Kjy;epiy ghpfhukhdJ capypd; fPHhd chpikapd; mog;gilapnynaahFk; vd;W thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 14(1)?,d; fPH; mth; VJk; nfhhpajpy;iy/ capythpd; cs;nehf;fj;ij mwpe;J mij mth; bra;ifapd;K:yk; ?????????????????????????
11. 2017 (13) v!;/rp/rp/ 15 Vw;Wf;bfhz;lhh;/ mtUf;F capy;tHp fpilf;fg;bgw;w brhj;jhdJ tuk;g[il brhj;jhFk;. nkYk; mtuJ rnfhjhpfsp;d brhj;Jfisa[k; nrh;j;J guhkhpf;f? ntz;Lk; vd;w typikahd epge;jida[ldhdJ; mtuJ,wg;gpw;Fg; gpd;dh; brhj;jhdJ mtuJ rnfhjhpfspd; gps;isfSf;F chpik khw;wk; bra;ag;glntz;Lk;/ (nkw;go) rhJ rp'; tHf;F vd;w,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuapd;nky; tYthd ek;gpf;if itf;fg;gl;lJ/ capypid tpsf;fpajd; K:yk;. capyth; kw;w brhj;Jfis guhkhpg;gjw;fhfnt fpUc&;zk;khSf;F chpik mspj;Js;shh; vd;Wk;. capypy; cs;sl';fpa[s;s tHf;Fiu ml;ltiz brhj;J mtuJ guhkhpf;Fk; chpikf;F khw;whf mspf;fg;gl;lJ vd thJiuj;jplKoahJ vd;Wk;.,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lk; mkYf;F te;jgpd; mJ g{uz chpikahf khw;wg;glntz;Lk; vd;Wk; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; thJiuj;jdh;/ gpd;tUk; jPh;g;g[iufspd;nky; rhh;t[wg;gl;lJ: 1/ rpt;njt; ft[h; (,we;jth;) rhh;ghw;Weh; K:yk; kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? Mh;/v!;/ f;nuthy; 12 2/ ruj; Rg;ukzpad; ?vjph;? brskp kRk;jhh; kw;Wk; gyh;13 kw;Wk; 3/ fk;,uhkfpUc&;zbul;o kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? flk;,uhkp bul;o kw;Wk; gyh;14 ??????????????????????????
12. 2013 (4) v!;/rp/rp/ 636
13. 2006 (8) v!;/rp/rp/ 91
14. 2010 (9) v!;/rp/rp/ 602 36/ cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fhz;Koitg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. Miz II, tpjp 2?,d; fPH; capy;tHp chpikauhy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l tHf;F jilbra;ag;gl;lJ. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F (capy;tHp chpikah;) Mjuthf,e;jpa thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 119(1)?,d; fPH; milt[w;w chpikiag; bgw;wpUe;jhY';Tl. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs;,we;jgpd;dnu capy;tHp brhj;J Fwpj;J tHf;F bjhlh;tjw;fhd tHf;FK:yk; vGk; vd;W thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ Fwpg;gpl;l brhj;Jfis chpik khw;wk; bra;a[k; cl;fUj;Jld; bray;gLk; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khis ifahStjw;F K/t/ vz; 36-1963?MdJ ghJfhg;ghd bray;ghlhFk;/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; thjpfs;?nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs;. 1958?Mk; Mz;ila chpikapay; tHf;fpd; jug;gpdh;fs; my;y. nkYk;. K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,d; xj;jpirthdJ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fis fl;Lg;gLj;jhJ/ Ma[s; ghj;jpaijapd; thapyhd tpjitahd Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F mspf;fg;gl;l brhj;Jfs; bjhlh;ghf eltof;if vLg;gjw;F mtUf;F ve;j chpika[kpy;iy/ mth; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fis jug;gpdh;fshf nrh;f;fhky; xj;jpirit bra;jpUf;ff;TlhJ/ jPh;g;ghizahdJ bjhlf;fj;jpnyna tpHyhdJ vd tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdnt mt;tifahd jPh;g;ghizia my;yJ eltof;ifia tpsk;g[if bra;antz;oajpy;iy/ kPjKs;s brhj;Jfs; bjhlh;ghf jdp eltof;ifia bjhlh;tjw;F thjpfSf;F chpika[s;sJ vd K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; tHf;Fiuia Ez;zha;t[ bra;jjpypUe;J bjspthfpwJ vd nkYk; thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F Ma[s; ghj;jpaij kl;Lnk cs;sJ vd;w tpsk;g[ifia vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; xg;g[f;bfhz;ldh;. vdnt. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F g{uz chpika[s;sJ vd;W thJiug;gjw;F mth;fs; jilbra;ag;gl;ldh;/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs;,we;jJ Kjy; 1977 Mz;ow;F gpd;dnu tHf;FK:yk; vGk;/ bg bghp mghh;l;bkz;l; gp/ ypkpbll; kw;Wk; gyh; kw;Wk; nc&hgh kw;Wk; gyh;15 kw;Wk; cc&h Rg;gh uht; ?vjph;? gp/,/ tpc&;ntc&tua;ah16 ?,y;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iufspd;nky; rhh;t[wg;gl;lJ/ ve;jbthU rl;lg;goahd njitg;ghl;ow;fhfnth my;yJ FLk;gj; njitf;fhfnth brhj;Jfis mspg;gjw;F fpUc&;zk;khSf;F ve;j chpika[kpy;iy vd;W thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ K/t/ vz; 89-1983?,d; eltof;if nkhroahdJ kw;Wk; t";rfkhdJ vd vjph;f;fg;gl;L. nkYk;. vGtpdh tidag;gl;lJ/ xj;jpirt[j; jPh;g;ghiz gjpt[ bra;ag;gltpy;iyahjyhy;. vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F ve;j chpik khw;wKk; bra;aapayhJ vd;w thJiua[k; Vw;Wf;bfhs;sg;gl;lJ/ 1982?Mk; Mz;ila capypid vjph;j;J jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l tHf;fhdJ fhytiuaiwf;Fl;gl;L jilbra;ag;gl;lJ vd;W nkYk; gzpf;fg;gl;lJ/ capypd; cz;ikj;jd;ikia Vw;Wf;bfhz;ljd;nghpYk; K/t/ vz; 71-1958 kw;Wk; K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; chpik tHf;Ffspd; xj;jpirt[ Mfpatw;iw Jizbfhz;L ghh;f;ifapy; capypd; bry;Ye;jd;ikia vjph;g;gjpypUe;J vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; jilbra;ag;gLfpd;wdh; vd;W nkYk; thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ K/t/ vz; 71-1958 kw;Wk; K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,Ys;s xnu jug;gpdh;fSf;F,ilnaahd Ke;ija ????????????????????????????????
15. 2006 (13) v!;/rp/rp/ 737
16. 1996 (5) v!;/rp/rp/ 201 xj;jpirt[ jPh;g;ghiz Kw;wpYk; bry;yhjJ vd;w tpsk;g[ifapd;wp K/t/ vz; 649-1985?I jPh;g;ghizapl;ljpy; cah; ePjpkd;wk; gpiHg[hpe;Js;sJ/ mt;thwhd ve;jbthU tpsk;g[ifa[k; 1982?Mk; Mz;od; fhytuk;ghy; jilbra;ag;gLk;/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; jPh;g;ghizapd;fPH; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F Ma[s; ghj;jpaij kl;Lnk cs;sJ vd;gjhy; gphpt[ 14(2)?MdJ bghUe;jj;jf;fjhFk;/ vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; Vw;ghL bra;ag;gl;l v";Reh; chpikK:y brhj;jpd; chpikahdJ tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jhy; vjph;kiwahf;fg;gl;lJ. nkYk;. mjw;F vjpuhf ve;j nky;KiwaPLk; bra;ag;gltpy;iy/ gphpt[ 14(1)?,d; fPH; fpUc&;zk;khs; g{uz chpik bgw;wpUe;jhh; vd;w mog;gilapy;. mth;,we;jjd;nghpy;. u';frhkp eha[Ltpd; ghfj;jpYs;s 50 rjtPj brhj;jpd; 1-8 ghfj;ij mtuJ rnfhjuh; kw;Wk; rnfhjhpfspd; kfd;fSf;F rhprkkhf bgw;Wf;bfhs;Sk; chpika[z;L vd;gnj nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; gzpe;JiuahFk;/ 37/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;fhd fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ tp/ fphp mth;fspd; thjj;ijf; nfl;nlhk;/ fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ ehfKj;J. K/t/ vz; 89-1983?,Ys;s Kjy; gpujpthjpaplkpUe;J chpik khw;wk; bgw;wth;fspd; thJiufis Mjhpj;J. mth;fsJ gzpe;Jiufs; ghprPypf;fg;glnth. Vw;Wf;bfhs;sg;glnth,y;iy vd;W Kiwapl;lhh;/ 38/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; rhh;ghf fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpUkjp/ tp/ nkhfdh mth;fspd; gpd;tUk; gzpe;Jiufis eh';fs; ftdpj;njhk;/ ghfg;gphptpidapd; khw;wj;ijg; bghWj;jtiuapy; nghjpa thJiufs; cs;sd/ 10/5/1955 njjpaplg;gl;l @et,e;jpah@ ehspjH; Fwpj;J Ml;nrgiz bra;ag;gltpy;iy/ F/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd tHf;F eltof;iffspd; capy; epiwntw;Wehpd; rhl;rpaj;jpy; v';fsJ ftdj;ij <h;j;Js;shh;/ tpsk;g[ifahdJ bjhptpf;fg;gl;lJ/ u';frhkp eha[Ltpw;F brhj;Jfis capy;tHp chpikaspg;gjw;fhd jFjpa[s;sJ/ rnfhjuh;fs; brhj;Jfis jdpj;jdpna ifahz;ldh;/,Jbjhlh;ghf. cwh;jpnah uha; ?vjph;? rFe;jyh njtp kw;Wk; gyh;17 ?,y;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuapy; rhh;t[wg;gl;lJ/ tuk;bgy;iyfs; K:yk; ghfg;gphptpidia epU:gpf;fj;njitapy;iy/ F/tp/K/r/?,d; gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd tHf;F eltof;iffspd; thapyhf mry; capyhdJ ePjpj;Jiw eLth; Kd;g[ jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;lJ/ capyhdJ gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l MtzkhFk;/ rhl;rpar; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 33?,d; fPH; capy; bka;g;gpf;fg;gl;lJ/ eLth; ePjpkd;wKk; xU ePjpkd;wnk/ fpUc&;za;ah N:h;ah uht; gfJ}h;fhU kw;Wk; gyh; (gpujpthjpfs;) ?vjph;? bt';flFkhu kcwpjhjp Nh;auht; gfJ}h;fhU18 ?,y; rhh;t[wg;gl;lJ/ K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,d; Ke;ija tHf;F eltof;iffs; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fis fl;Lg;gLj;jhJ/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F brhj;Jfs; bjhlh;g[ila eltof;iffis nkw;bfhs;tjw;F chpikapy;iy/ K/t/vz; 71-1958?,d; jPh;g;g[iuahdJ,y;yhepiyajhFk;/ nky;Kiw? aPl;lhsh;f;s j';fsJ chpikfis iftpl;lnjapy;iy/ c/tp/K/r/?,d; fl;lis II tpjp 2?,d; nfhl;ghlhdJ bghUe;jj;jf;fjy;y/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F milt[w;w chpik,Ue;jnghjpYk;. ???????????????????????????????
17. (2008) 7 v!;/rp/rp/ 46
18. V/I/Mh;/ 1933 gp/rp/ 202 Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs;,wf;Fk;tiu RthjPdj;ijg; bgWtjw;fhf tHf;F jhf;fy; bra;jpUf;ff;TlhJ/ K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,d; xj;jpirt[ jPh;g;ghizapd;go. kPjKs;s brhj;Jfs; thjpfspd; fl;Lg;ghl;ow;Fs;,Ue;jd/ vdnt. K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,y; mth;fspd; chpikia mth;fs; jf;fitj;Jf;bfhz;ldh;/ c/tp/K/r/?,d; fl;lis II tpjp 2?,d; tHf;bfG tpdhthdJ thJiuf;fg;glnth my;yJ cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fhz;Kot[ VJk; mspf;fg;glnthtpy;iy/ ghfg;gphptpidapd; chpik tHf;fpy; RthjPdj;jpw;fhd ntz;Liua[Ks;sJ/ vJthapDk;.,Wjp jPh;g;ghizapd; tHf;F eltof;iffs; Koe;jgpd;dnu. ghfg;gphptpid bray;ghl;ow;F tuf;TLk;/ fhytiuaiwapd; tpdh vjph;nky; KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; tpthjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. vt;thwhapDk;. fhytiuaiwahdJ 1977 tUlj;jpypUe;Jjhd; bjhlh;fpwJ/ capyhdJ brhj;ijg; ngQqtjw;F khw;wPlhf,Uf;fhJ/,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 14(2)?,d; fPH; tUk; tHf;fhFk;/ (nkw;go) gfte; gp/ Ryhnf ?vjph;? jpfk;gh; nfhghy; Ryhnf kw;Wk; gyh; vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;Kotpid ntWgLj;jpf;fhl;l Kaw;rp vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ chpikapay; nky;KiwaPL vz;fs; 1027 Kjy; 1032- 2013?,y; fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ Xk; gpufhc&; kw;wtw;wpw;fpilna jdJ vjpUiuapy; Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;jpd; ghfg;gphptpida[k;. Tl;Lg; gphptPLk; bka;g;gpf;fg;gl;ld vd thJiuj;jhh;/ ml;lfhlh uhftk;kh kw;Wk; xUth; ?vjph;? Ml;lfhlh brd;rk;kh kw;Wk; xUth;19. $hdfp ehuhaz; nghah;
19. v/I/Mh;/ 1964 v!;/rp/ 136 ?vjph;? ehuhaz; ehk;jpnah fhjk;20 kw;Wk; (nkw;go) cwh;jpnah uha; vd;w,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iufspy; Fwpg;gPL bra;jhh;/ capyhdJ. rhl;rpar; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 63?,d; fPGk;.,e;jpa thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 68?,d; fPGk; cs;slf;fg;gl;lJ/ v";Reh; chpik K:yk;,w';Fhpik bgWk; Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;Jfspd; chpikahdJ. midj;J fPHik ePjpkd;w';fshYk; vjph;kiwahf;fg;gl;lJ/ nkYk;. mj;jifa fhz;Kotpw;F vjpuhf nky;KiwaPnlh my;yJ FWf;F nky;KiwaPnlh VJkpy;iy/ chpikapay; nky;KiwaPL vz; 1039?1044-2013 1982?Mk; Mz;oy; (K/t/ vz; 649-1985)?,y; capiy vjph;j;J thjpfshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l nky;KiwaPlhdJ fhytiuaiwf;Fl;gl;L jilbra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ vd;W vjph;tHf;Fiuapy; thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ K/t/ vz; 71-1958 kw;Wk; K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; xj;jpirit fUj;jpw;bfhz;L mth;fSf;F kWg;g[j;jil tpjpf;fg;gl;lJ/ Ke;ija,U tHf;Ffspd; xj;jpirt[ jPh;g;ghizia,y;yhepiyaJ vd;w tpsk;g[if bra;ahky;. K/t/ vz; 649-1985?I jPh;g;ghizaplKoahJ/ mj;jifa ghpfhuk; 1982?Mk; Mz;oy; fhytiuaiwahy; jilbra;ag;gl;lJ/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; xj;jpirt[ jPh;g;ghizia fUj;jpw;bfhz;L.,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 14(1)?MdJ bghUe;jhJ/ v";Reh; chpikapd; mog;gilapyhd tHf;F tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jhy; epuhfhpf;fg;gl;lJ. thjpfshy; mjw;bfjpuhf ve;j nky;KiwaPLk; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gltpy;iy/ gphpt[ 14(1)?,d; fPHhd fhz;Kot[
20. (2003) 2 v!;/rp/rp/ 91 cWjpbra;ag;gl;lhy;. fpUc&;zk;khspd;,wg;gpw;Fg; gpd;dh;. tp/ u';frhkp eha[Ltpd; ghfj;jpYs;s 50 rjtPj brhj;jpd; 1-8 g';fpid rl;lg;go mtuJ rnfhju. rnfhjhpfspd; kfd;fs; rkkhf bgw;Wf;bfhs;s chpika[ilath;fshth;/ F/tp/K/r/?tpd; tHf;F eltof;iffspd; gphpt[ 145?,d;go thjpfs; capiy Fwpj;J mwpe;jpUe;jjhy;. 1982?,y; capiy vjph;j;Jiuf;f mth;fs; chpika[ilath;fsy;y/ 39/ K/t/ vz; 89-1983?,Ys;s 13 Kjy; 34 tiuapyhd gpujpthjpfs; c/nk/vz; 1045?1050-2013?,d; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshth;/ mth;fs; kw;w chpikapay; tHf;fpYk; (K/t/ vz; 649-1985) gpujpthjpfshth;/ K/t/ vz; 89- 1983?,y; 1?Mk; gpujpthjpa[k; kw;Wk; K/t/ vz; 649-1985?,y; 1?Mk; gpujpthjpa[khd v/ mHfhprhkpaplkpUe;J 7 Vf;fh; 4 brd;il mth;fs; th';fpajhf thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ mJ chpik tHf;F jhf;fy; bra;ag;gLtjw;F Kd;dUk;. 1956?Mk; Mz;L,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lk; mkYf;F te;jgpd;dUk; th';fg;gl;ljhfj; bjhpfpwJ/ gphpt[ 14(1)?I Rl;of;fhl;oajd;nghpy;. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F Ma[s; ghj;jpaijahf mspf;fg;gl;l chpikahdJ. rl;lk; mkYf;F te;jgpd;dh; jdpg;gl;l chpikahf khwpaJ/ gphpt[ 14(2)?I Fwpg;gpl;ljd;nghpy; capy; cz;ikaw;wJ. mjpy; ghfg;gphptpid VJkpy;iy vd;w yl;Rikah eha[Ltpd; thJiuapd;goa[';Tl. gphpt[ 14(1)?,d; fPH; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F g{uz chpik bgWtjw;F gphpt[ 14(2)?,d; fPH; fl;Lg;ghL VJkpy;iy vd;W Rl;of;fhl;lg;gl;lJ/ K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,d; xj;jpirt[ jPh;g;ghiziaf; Fwpj;J yl;Rikah eha[Ltpd; kfd;fs; kw;Wk; ngud;fsplkpUe;J ve;j Ml;nrgiza[k; tutpy;iybad;why;. jw;nghJ 1932?,d; ghfg;gphptpid kw;Wk; capypd; epiwntw;Wif Fwpj;Jk; ve;j gpur;rpida[k; mth;fs; vGg;gKoahJ vd;W gzpf;fg;gl;lJ/ 1955?,y;,u';frhkp eha[Lt[k;. 30/4/1977?,y; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSk;,we;jjd;nghpy;.,u';frhkp eha[Ltpd; rnfhjhpfspd; FLk;gj;jpw;fpilnaahd tha;bkhHp ghfg;gphptpidapd;fPH;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; th';fg;gl;l brhj;jhdJ mth;fs; th';fpa v/ mHfphprhkpapd; RthjPdj;jpw;F te;jJ/,Jehs;tiu jug;gpdh;fspy; xUtUk; fpiua Mtzj;ij vjph;f;fntapy;iy. fpiuaj;ij vjph;f;fhknyna
3 Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd;dh; yl;R;ikah eha[Ltpd; kfd;fs; K/t/ vz; 649-1985?I jhf;fy; bra;jdh;/ cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fhz;Kot[fspy; jiyaPL bra;ag;gl;ljw;F vjpuhf KiwaPL bra;ag;gl;lJ/ 40/ yl;Rikahtpd; rhh;ghf Kd;dpiyahd fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"uhd jpU/ FU fpUc&;zFkhh; mth;fs; tpsk;g[if gp/1?MdJ fL";re;njfj;jpdhy; kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhfg; gzpj;jhh;/ njjpapYs;s Kuz;ghlhdJ. mjhtJ. 10/5/1955?Mf my;yhky; 12/5/1955?Mf,Ug;gJ kpft[k; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhFk;/,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;ghf rhd;whtzk; Vw;Wf;bfhs;sg;gl;lbghGjpYk;. gp/1?,d; njjpahdJ tpLgl;Ls;sJ vd;gJ bjspthfpwJ/ m/rh/1?,d; FWf;F tprhuiza[k;. mtw;wpd;nkyhd ek;gpf;ifa[k; jtwhf itf;fg;gl;ljhFk;/,uz;lhtjhf gp/1?MdJ ifbahg;gkplhj MtzkhFk; vd;W nkYk; thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ capyth; mjid tpsk;guk; bra;tjw;F Vw;ghL bra;Js;shh; vd;W vtUk; rhl;rp mspf;ftpy;iy/ 1932?Mk; Mz;oy; ele;jjhf Twg;gLk; ghfg;gphptpidia kPz;Lk; cWjpbra;a[k;goahd tpsk;g[if nfhug;gl;L. mg;ghfg;gphptpid K:d;W ePjpkd;w';fshYk; ek;gg;gltpy;iy vd;W nkYk; thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ gp/1?MdJ Twg;gl;l ghfg;gphptpidapypUe;J jdpj;Jtkhdjhf fUjKoahJ/ rhl;Liuf;fg;gl;l ghfg;gphptpid ek;gfkw;wjhf fhzg;gl;lhy;. gp/1?MdJ epiyj;Jepw;gjw;fhd epiyapy;iy/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; rhh;t[wg;gl;l thh;j;ijfshdJ bjhlh;?,we;jfhyj;jpYs;sJ/ mijg;bghWj;jtiuapy; @,jd;K:yk; ehd; vdJ jdpg;gl;l ghfg;gphptpidapd; khw;wj;ij cWjpbra;fpnwd;@ vd Twg;gl;Ls;sJ. gphptpidahdJ me;j ehs; Kjy; bray;ghl;ow;F te;jpUf;ff;TlhJ vd;W thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ gp/1?,d; vjph;tpida[k;. mjd; gjpy; kWg;g[iua[k;. gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd tHf;F eltof;iffspd;fPH; gp/43 kw;Wk; gp/44?Mf FwpaPL bra;ag;gl;lJ. mJ jw;nghija tHf;F eltof;iffspy; rhd;W bghUshf;fg;? gltpy;iy vd;w fhuzj;jpd;nghpy; Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fhz;Kot[fs; bewpjpwk;gpajhf vjph;j;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ gp/2?,d; cj;juthdJ mjd;nkyhd ve;j fhz;Kot[fisa[k; btspg;gLj;jhJ/ nkYk; ghfg;gphptpid vd;w brhy; tphpthd bghUs;bfhz;L gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ vd thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ gp/1?,d;nky; rhh;t[w;wnghjpYk;. tuk;bgy;iyfspy; cz;ikahd ghfg;gphptpidahf,y;yhky;. gphpg;gjw;fhd khw;wj;jpw;F kl;Lnk tHptif bra;a[k;/ ml;lfhlh uhftk;kh ?vjph;? Ml;lfhlh brd;rk;kh21 ?,d;nky; rhh;t[wg;gl;lJ/ gphpf;fg;glhj FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fSf;F Tl;Lg; gphptpidapd; khw;wk; xUrhh;ghf bjhptpf;fg;gl;oUe;jhY';Tl. Fwpg;gpl;l nehf;fj;jpw;fhf ????????????????????????????????
21. V/I/Mh;/ 1964 v!;/rp/ 136 brhj;jpd; gFjpahdJ FLk;g cWg;gpdUf;F xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij Vw;Wf;bfhs;sntz;Lk; vd;nw rl;lepiyg;ghl;od;go Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ ehdpgha; kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? fPjh gha; ukh f';nf22. (nkw;go) gfte;j; gp/ Rnyfp ?vjph;? jpfk;gh; nfhghy; Rnyfp kw;Wk; gyh;. mijj;jtpu (nkw;go) fy;ahzp (,we;jth;) mtuJ rhh;ghw;Weh;fs; K:yk; ?vjph;? ehuhazd; kw;Wk; gyh; vd;w,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iufspy; rhh;t[wg;gl;ld/ (nkw;go) ml;lfhlh uhftk;kh vd;w tHf;fpy;. kw;w g';Fhpikah;fspd; xg;g[jypd;wpa[k;. tuk;bgy;iyfspy; ghfg;gphptpid,d;wpa[k;. brhj;jpd; Fwpg;gpl;l gFjpfis xUjiyg;gl;rkhf capy; vGjKoa[kh> vd;gjhd Fwpg;gpl;l vGtpdhit,e;ePjpkd;wk; ghprPypf;ftpy;iy vd;W Rl;of;fhl;lg;gl;lJ/ mry; capiy jhf;fy; bra;ahjJ. vjph;g;gpd; mog;gilahFk;/ tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fhz;Kothd. gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd tHf;F eltof;ifapy; mry; capy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;lbjd;gJk; gpiHahdjhf Rl;of;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ/ capiy jhf;fy; bra;tjw;F ve;j eltof;iffSk; vLf;fg;gltpy;iy/ F/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd tHf;F eltof;iffs; capiy epU:gpg;gjw;fhd xU fskhf fUj,ayhjjhy; mij fl;Lg;gLj;jplKoahJ vd;Wk;. gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd tHf;F eltof;iffspd; rhd;Wiuahd gp/7?,y; ek;gpf;if itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shf;fg;gl;lJ nkw;go tifaj;jpd; fPHhd jPh;g;gpid rhl;rpar; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 41?I fUj;jpw;bfhz;L ghh;f;ifapy; capiy bka;g;gpg;gjw;F mWjpahd rhl;rpakhf fUjKoahJ vd;gjhFk;/ rhl;rpar; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ ???????????????????????
22. 1959 v!;/rp/Mh;/ 479 42?MdJ Fwpj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ/ rhl;rpar; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 69?,d; Mf;ff;TWfs; epiwntw;wg;gltpy;iy vd;W nkYk; thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ F/tp/K/r/?,d; gphpt[ 145?,d; nehf;f';fis epiwntw;Wtjw;fhf gphpt[ 69?,d; epge;jidfs; gad;gLj;jg;gltpy;iybadpy;. rhl;rpar; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 68?,d; nehf;fj;ij epiwntw;Wtjw;F mr;rhl;rpaj;ij gad;gLj;jplKoahJ vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ gphpt[ 68?,d; njitg;ghLfis epiwntw;whj rhl;rpak;. rhl;rpar; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 69?,d; fPHhd capiy epU:gpg;gjw;F gad;gLj;jplapayhJ vd;W nkYk; thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ kw;wtifapY';Tl. mry; capy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;glhjtplj;Jk;. capythpd; ifbahg;gj;ij epU:gpg;gjw;F rhd;nwJkpy;yhjtplj;J. gp/7?,d; njitg;ghLfs; epiwntw;wg;gltpy;iy vd thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ gp/rh/1. capythpd; ifbahg;gj;ij mwpe;jpUf;fntapy;iy vd;gjhy;,e;j eilKiwia Vw;Wf;bfhs;sKoahJ/ capyp NH;e;Js;s re;njfj;jpw;Fhpa N:Hy;fis tpthpf;fKoahJ vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ capiy Tl;Lg; ghfg;gphptpid khw;wj;jpd; tpsk;g[ifahf vLj;Jf;bfhs;sKoahJ vd;w thjk; tpthjpf;fg;gl;lJ/ kpjhf;c&u rl;lj;jpd; fPH; ghfg;gphptpidahdJ bjhl';fg;gl;l ehshd. mjhtJ. 1/6/1955 md;W u';frhkp eha[L,we;jgpd;dh;. gphpt[ 145?,d; tHf;F eltof;iffspd;go capy; btspg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ vd;W Twg;gl;Ls;sJ/ rhl;rpar; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 33?MdJ bghUe;jhJ vd nkYk; thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ xU jug;gpdh; kw;w tHf;F eltof;iffspd;fPH; jug;gpduhf chpiknfhhpdhy;jhd; gphpt[ 33?,d; fPHhd tpsf;fkhdJ bghUe;jf;ToaJ vd;gnj,jd; fhuzkhFk;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; jug;gpduhft[s;s nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; (K/t/ vz; 89-1983?,y; rl;lg;go gpd;Dhpikauhf,Uf;fpd;w thjp) chpik nfhutpy;iy vd;W thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ nkYk;,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 14(1)?MdJ bghUe;jf;ToaJ vd thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ 41/ vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;?jpU/,uhfthr;rhhpapd; rhh;ghf Kd;dpiyahd fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h; gpd;tUkhW thJiuj;jhh;: ghfk; VJk; gphpf;fg;gltpy;iy/ 12/5/1955 md;W btspaplg;gl;l bra;jpapy; Ke;ija ghfg;gphptpid Fwpj;J Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ xUjiyg;gl;rkhd tpsk;g[ifahdJ Vw;g[ilajy;y/ capyth;. czt[ FHhapy; Vw;gl;l g[w;W nehahy; mtjpa[w;W FHha; K:yk; cztUe;jpdhh; vd;Wk;. nkYk; mth; Raepidtpd;wp gLj;jg;gLf;ifahf jdJ filrp ehl;fis vz;zpf;bfhz;oUe;jhh; vd;w re;njfj;jpw;Fhpa NH;epiyfs; Fwpj;J Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ/,uz;lhk; epiy rhl;rpaj;ij mDkjpg;gjw;fhd nfs;tp vGg;gg;gltpy;iy/ rhl;Liuf;fg;gl;l capypy; fUepw gFjpa[k;,ilnrh;f;fg;gl;l thpfSk; cs;sd/ Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;Jfis ghfk; gphpg;gjw;fhf tpjitahd Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l K/t/ 71-1958?,y; mth; Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; midj;J 93 tifapyhd brhj;Jfis gl;oaypl;L. mjpy; ghjp ghfj;jpw;F chpik nfhhpdhh; vd;W nkYk; thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ chpikapay; tHf;F xj;jpirt[ bra;ag;gl;L. mth; 16 tifapyhd brhj;Jfis Vw;Wf;bfhz;L. yl;Rikah eha[Ltpd; kfd;fSf;F Mjuthf 77 tifapyhd brhj;Jfspd; chpikfis cWjpbra;Jbfhz;lhh;/ (v';fs; Kd;g[s;s nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; kj;jpapy;) Mh;/ mHfphprhkp kw;Wk; tp/ fy;ahzrhkp K/t/ vz; 36-1963?I jhf;fy; bra;jdh;. nkYk;. yl;Rikah eha[Ltpd; gps;isfSk; jug;gpdh;fshf;fg;gl;ldh;/ K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,y; xj;jpirit Vw;gLj;jpa Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; chpikahdJ. mtUf;F Ma[s; ghj;jpaij kl;Lnk cs;sJ vd;W mth;fs; fUJtjhy; mth;fshy; vjph;f;fg;gl;lJ/ gpujpthjpahd Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs;. gphpt[ 14(1)?,d; fPH; jkf;F g{uz chpika[s;sjhft[k;. vdnt xj;jpirit Vw;gLj;j mjpfhuKs;sjhft[k; thJiuj;jhh;/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; Ma[l;fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dh; 16 tifapyhd brhj;JfspypUe;J 2 tifahd brhj;JfSf;F K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,y; xj;jpirit Vw;gLj;jpajd;K:yk; K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; thjpfs;. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; nkyhd chpikfis Vw;Wf;bfhz;L. mth;fsJ chpik nfhhpf;ifia tpl;Lf;bfhLj;J. 5 tifapyhd brhj;Jfis Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; K:d;whk; jug;gpdh;fSf;F tpw;gij Vw;Wf;bfhz;ldh; vd;W bghUs;gLfpwJ/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?I jtpu thjpahy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l K/t/ vz; 732-1981?,Yk; Fwpg;gPL bra;ag;gl;lJ/ nkw;go chpik tHf;fpy;. thjpfs;. K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,y; mth;fs; ghJfhj;J itj;j,uz;Ltif brhj;Jfis gphpf;Fk;go nfhhpdh;/ K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,y; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; ghfj;jpw;F xJf;fg;gl;l brhj;Jfs; mtUf;F brhe;jkhdJ. mr;brhj;Jfs; mth;,wf;Fk;tiu mtuJ RthjPdj;jpnyna,Ue;jJ vd;w tpistpw;F K/t/ vz; 732-1981?,d; thJiuapy; v';fsJ ftdk; <h;f;fg;gl;lJ/ ntWtifapy; Twntz;Lbkd;why;. capy;K:yk; chpiknaJk; Vw;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ 1974?,y; chpik ifj;Jwf;fg;gl;L. mJ 1981?Mk; Mz;oy; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Mfnt. Kuz;jil.,irtpzf;fk; kw;Wk; ifj;Jwj;jy; nghd;w nfhl;ghLfis <h;f;fpwJ vd;gjhFk;/ K/t/ vz; 89-1983?MdJ capy;,Uf;fpwJ vd;Wk;. nkYk;. mJ mry; capy;. vd;gjhy;.,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 14(1) bghUe;jf;ToaJ vd;w fhuzj;jpd; mog;gilapy; tHf;F elj;jg;gl;oUe;jhY';Tl fhytiuaiwahy; ek;gpf;ifapd;wp jilbra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ/ 42/ fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ nkhfd; guhrud;. ghfg;gphptpidapd; tHf;fpy; tHf;Fiu VJkpy;iy vd;W kw;wtw;wpw;fpilna gzpj;jhh;/ rl;lj;jpw;fpz';f capy; epU:gpf;fg;gltpy;iy/ F/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd tHf;F eltof;iffs; RUf;fkhdJ. jug;gpdh;fSf;fpilapy;,y;yhjJkhFk;/ tHf;F bghUshdJ RthjPdkhFk;/ vdnt. nkw;go tHf;F eltof;iffspy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l rhd;whtzj;ij gad;gLj;jplKoahJ/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; chpikahdJ. gphpt[ 14(1)?,d;goahdjhFk;/ fl;lis II tpjp 2 ?,d; fPHhd jil braw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ/ 43/ vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspy; rpyUf;fhf Kd;dpiyahd fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ rpj;uh rk;gj;. gphpt[ 145?,d;goahd tHf;F eltof;ifapd;nghjpypUe;nj tHf;Fiu ml;ltizr; brhj;jpd; RthjPdkhdJ gpujpthjpfsplk; (yl;;Rikah eha[Ltpd; gps;isfs;),Ue;jJ vd;W thJiuj;jhh;/ epiy,t;thW,Ue;jnghjpYk;. K/t/ vz; 89-1983?,y; RthjPdj;ij kPsg;bgWtjw;fhd ntz;Liu VJkpy;iy vd;gjhFk;/ mt;thwhd ghpfhuk; VJk; tiuaiwahy; jilbra;ag;gl;ljhFk;/ (2007) 12 v!;/rp/rp/ 695?,y;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuapd;nky; ek;gpf;ifa[w;wjd;nghpy;. K/t/ vz; 89-1983?,Yk; K/t/ vz; 649-1985?,d; vjph;tHf;FiuapYk; ghfg;gphptpidapd; khw;wk; Fwpj;J thJiu VJkpy;yhjjhy;. K/t/ vz; 649-1985?,y; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; Fwpg;gpl;l thJiuf;fg;ghy; ghfg;gphptpid Vjkpy;iy. nkYk;. ve;j rhd;Wk; Muhag;gltpy;iy vd;W thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ gphptpid Fwpj;J tHf;bfG tpdh Vjk; tidag;gltpy;iy/,t;tHf;F eltof;iffspy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;glhj rhd;whtz';fspd;nky; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk; rhh;t[w;wJ/ mijf;Fwpj;j thj';fs; tpthjpf;fg;glhjjhYk;. fhz;Kot[fs; mspf;fg;glhjjhYk;. mijf;Fwpj;j thJiufis jug;gpdh;fs; mwpatpy;iy vd;gjhFk;/ (,J rhd;whtzk; gp/2?,y; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l cj;juit Fwpj;jjhFk;)/ F/tp/K/r/?,d; gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd tHf;F eltof;iffs; RUf;fkhd jd;ika[ilaJ kw;Wk; chpikapay; ePjpkd;wk; mij fl;Lg;gLj;jhJ vd;gjhFk;/,wg;gpw;F Kd;g[. gphptpidapd; khw;wk; Fwpj;Jjfty; VJkpy;iy/ kJNjd; jh!; ? vjph;? ehuhazpgha; (,we;jth;) mtuJ rl;lg;goahd rhh;ghw;Weh; K:yk; kw;Wk; gyh;23 vd;w tHf;fpy; ek;gpf;if rhh;t[wg;gl;lJ/ capy; fhzhky; ??????????????????????
23. (1983) 1 v!;/rp/rp/ 35 ngha;tpl;lJ vd;gJ tHf;fy;y/ bg';fh bgcwuh kw;Wk; xUth; ?vjph;? gpuh$h fpnc&hh; ee;jh kw;Wk; gyh;24 vd;w tHf;fpy; rhh;e;J epd;W epahakhd fhuzj;jpw;fg;ghy; mry; capy; bjhiye;Jtpl;lJ vd;W epU:gpj;J thJiuj;j gpd;dh;jhd;. rhh;epiyr; rhd;W mspf;fg;glyhk; vd;W thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ gp/7?,y; rhh;e;J epw;gJ bjhlh;ghf.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuahd rc&p $Pdh kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? fhjy; !;btapd; kw;Wk; xUth;25 ?,y; v';fsJ ftdk; <h;f;fg;gl;lJ/ F/tp/K/r/?,d; gphpt[ 145?,d;goahd tHf;F eltof;iffs; RthjPdk; bjhlh;g[ilajhFk; kw;Wk; u';frhkpahy; vGjg;gl;l capy; ghprPypf;fg;gltpy;iyahjyhy; rhl;rpar; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 33?,d;goahd,uz;L epge;jidfSk; epiwntw;wg;gltpy;iy vd;W thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ K/t/ vz; 89- 1983?,y; thjp gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd tHf;F eltof;iffspy; jug;gpdh;fspd; K:yk; j';fsJ chpikK:yj;ij fz;lwpatpy;iy vd;gjdog;gilapy; tuk;g[iuapd; Kjy; epge;jida[k; kw;w epge;jida[k; xd;Wjhd; vd;gJ bjspt[/ capyth; jdJ kdepiyiaf; Fwpg;gpl;L. jdJ bgUtpuy; nuifia itf;f kWj;jJ cl;gl re;njf NH;epiyfs; rhd;whtzk; X1?,ypUe;J btspg;gLfpwJ vd Rl;of;fhl;lg;gl;lJ/ capypy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s jtwhd TWfs; capiy vjph;f;fr; bra;jJ/,t;tHf;F,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 14(1)?,d; fPH; mikt[Wk;/ K/t/ vz; 732-1981?I jhf;fy; bra;jjpy;. mJ jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;ljdog;gilapy; K/t/ vz; 89-1983?,y; thjpapd; ??????????????????????
24. (2007) 9 v!;/rp/rp/ 728
25. (2004) 4 v!;/rp/rp/ 236 eltof;ifahdJ fpUc&;z bgcwhpyhy; ?vjph;? Fyhg;re;j;26 kw;Wk; v!;/ rz;Kfk; gps;is kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? nf/ rz;Kfk; gps;is kw;Wk; gyh;27 Mfpa tHf;Ffspd; nfhl;ghl;oid gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd jFjpa[ila tHf;fhf jpfH;fpwJ/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?I jhf;fy; bra;jjd; tpida[k;. kw;w gpujpthjpfSf;F vjpuhf ve;j ghpfhuKk; nfhug;gltpy;iy vd;W tHf;FiuapYs;s nkw;Fwpg;iga[k; Rl;of;fhl;oaijj;jtpu. capypd; kw;w brhj;Jfs; bjhlh;ghf mth;fsJ chpikfis tpthjpg;gjw;F K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,y; ve;j chpika[k; mspf;fg;glhjg;gl;rj;jpy; mt;tHf;F bka;g;gpf;fg;glntz;oajhfpwJ/ gpur;rpidapYs;s brhj;J 44/,U tHf;FfspYk;. gpur;rpidapYs;s brhj;jhdJ xd;nwahFk;/ 10/5/1955?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l capypy; gjpdhW tifapyhd brhj;Jfs; cs;sd/ K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,y; VG tifapyhd brhj;Jfs; bjhlh;ghf Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F g{uz chpik mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,y; cs;sl';fpa[s;s brhj;J VG tiffshdjhFk;. mJ K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,d; xj;jpirt[j; jPh;g;ghizapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjpy; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F g{uz chpik mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ K/t/ vz; 632-1981?MdJ. K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; 5 kw;Wk; 6 tifapyhd brhj;Jfs; bjhlh;g[ilajhFk;/ jw;nghija chpik tHf;Ffspy; ml;ltizaplg;gl;l brhj;J tiffshdJ.
26. (1971) 1 v!;/rp/rp/ 837
27. (1973) 2 v!;/rp/rp/ 312 VG tifapyhd brhj;Jfs; jtpu 10/5/1955 njjpaplg;gl;l capypy; cs;sl';fpa[s;s brhj;J tiffSkhFk;. mjpy; ehd;F tif brhj;Jfs; chpik khw;wk; bra;ag;gl;lJ. xd;W nrh;e;jil chpikbgw;wJ/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l K/t/ vz; 71-1958?I bghWj;jtiuapy;. g';FhpikaUf;F brhe;jkhd KG brhj;ija[k; cs;slf;Ffpd;w 93 tifahd brhj;Jfspy; ghfg;gphptpidf;fhd khw;Wg; ghpfhuk; nfhu mtUf;F chpik,Ue;jJ vd;gjhFk;/ 45/ v';fs; Kd;g[s;s tHf;Ffspy; cs;sl';fpa[s;s brhj;jpd; msthdJ kpff;Fiwthdjhd 36 Vf;fh; kl;LnkahFk;/ c/tp/K/r/ fl;lis II, tpjp 2?,d; tpist[ 46/ 1908. chpikapay; tprhuizKiwr; rl;lk; (,jpy;,JKjw;? bfhz;L RUf;fkhf *c/tp/K/r/* vd miHf;fg;gLk;) fl;lis II. tpjp 2?My; K/t/ vz; 89-1983?MdJ jil bra;ag;gLk; vd;W kw;wtw;wpw;fpilna vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; thjk; vGg;gg;gl;lJ/,e;j fhuz';fspd;nghpnyna nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspy;,Uth; K/t/ vz; 36-1963?I bjhlh;e;jdh;. nkYk; mth;fs; mt;tHf;fpy; VG tifapyhd brhj;Jfis kl;Lnk gl;oaypl;ldh; vd;gjhFk;/ jw;nghija chpik tHf;fpy; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; nfhhpa[s;s ghpfhuj;ij nfhUtjw;F mth;fSf;F tHptifa[s;sJ/ K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,y; ml;ltizaplg;gl;l tiffisj; jtpu kw;w brhj;J tiffs; bjhlh;ghf tHf;F bjhlug;glhjjhy;. mit c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis II. tpjp 2?,d;go jilbra;ag;gl;Ls;sd/,J,jd;,U mk;r';fis Rl;of;fhl;oajd;K:yk; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; vjph;j;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ mth;fSf;F capypd; fPH; milt[W chpik,Ue;jnghjpYk;. K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,d; jPh;g;ghizapy; cs;sl';fpa[s;s K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,y; ml;ltiz bra;ag;gl;l brhj;Jtiffis chpik khw;wk; bra;tjw;fhf u';frhkp eha[Ltpd; tpjit kidtpahd Mh;/ u';fk;khs; Kad;wnghJjhd; K/t/ vz; 36-1963?MdJ bjhlug;gl;lJ vd;W Kjypy; thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/,uz;lhtjhf. tpjit kidtp Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F capy;go tHf;Fiu ml;ltiz brhj;Jfspy; Ma[s; ghj;jpaija[s;sJ vd;W nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ mjd;tpisthf capy;go Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F chpika[s;sbghGJ. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; capUld;,Uf;Fk;tiuapy; mth; jhf;fy; bra;jbjhU chpik tHf;fhd. K/t/ vz; 89-1983?I jhf;fy; bra;jpUf;ff;TlhJ/ capy;go mth;,we;jjd;nghpnyna mth;fshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;lij nghd;wbjhU chpik tHf;if jhf;fy; bra;jpUf;f Koa[k;/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; 1977?,y;jhd;,we;jhh;/ c/tp/K/r/?,d; fl;lis II. tpjp 2?,d; tifa';fis gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhf xj;j tHf;FK:yk;,Uj;jy;ntz;Lk;/,t;thW. xUtifapy;. mjpy; ml;ltizaplg;gl;l brhj;Jfs; bjhlh;ghf K/t/ vz; 36- 1963 jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;lijg;nghd;W. xU ghJfhg;g[ eltof;ifahf tHf;F xd;iw jhf;fy; bra;tjw;F nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F tha;g;gpUe;jJ vd;Dk; mnjntisapy;. nkw;go chpik tHf;fpy; Kd;dpWj;jg;gl;l tHf;FK:yj;jpd; mog;gilapy;. mJ,t;tHf;if nkw;bfhz;L elj;Jtjw;F epr;rakhf xU jilahf,uhJ/ 47/,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; gy;ntW jPh;Kot[fspy; c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis II. tpjp 2?MdJ tplag;bghUshf,Ue;Js;sJ/ c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis II. tpjp 2?MdJ thjp mtuJ nfhUhpik bjhlh;ghd VnjDk; gFjpia tHf;fplj; jtwptpl;lhnyh my;yJ mtuJ nfhUhpikapd; VnjDk; gFjpia ntz;Lbkd;nw ifj;Jwe;jhnyh. mt;thW tpLgl;l my;yJ ifj;Jwf;fg;gl;l gFjpiag; bghWj;jtiuapy; mth; tHf;fpLtjw;F jilbra;ag;gLfpwhh; vd;w N:H;epiyia typa[Wj;JfpwJ/ xnu tHf;FK:yj;jpypUe;J vGfpd;w xd;Wf;Fk; nkw;gl;l ghpfhu';fisf; nfhu jFjpa[ila thjp,uz;L tpla';fs; bra;ayhk;/ mth; xU tHf;fpd; mnj tHf;FK:yj;jpypUe;J vGk; midj;J ghpfhu';fs; bjhlh;ghft[k; tHf;Fj; bjhluyhk;/ mth;. xnu tHf;FK:yj;jpd; fPH; fpilf;fg;bgwf;Toa xd;W my;yJ mjw;F nkw;gl;l ghpfhu';fSf;fhf tHf;Fj; bjhluj; jtwpapUg;gpd;. mt;thwhd ghpfhu';fs; midj;jpw;Fk; tHf;Fj; bjhlu ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mDkjp nfhuyhk;. ePjpkd;wk; mt;thwhd mDkjpia tH';Fbkdpy;. gpd;dh; Ke;ija chpik tHf;fpd; mnj tHf;FK:yj;jpd; mog;gilapyhdjhf,Ug;gpDk; mth; g[jpa tHf;Fj; bjhluyhk;/ vdpDk;. xnu tHf;FK:yj;jpypUe;J mtUf;F tHf;Fj; bjhlu tha;g;gpUe;j VnjDk; ghpfhu';fs; bjhlh;ghf ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mDkjpiag; bgwtpy;iybadpy;. mjd; tpist[ ahbjdpy;. mt;thW tpLgl;l ntnwnjDk; ghpfhu';fSf;fhf tHf;F bjhlh;tjpypUe;J mth; jilbra;ag;gLfpwhh; vd;gjhFk;/ c/tp/K/r/?tpd; fl;lis II. tpjp 2(2) kw;Wk; fl;lis II. tpjp 2(3)?f;F,ilnaahd ntWghL ftdpf;fj;jf;fjhFk;/ tHf;FK:yj;jpypUe;J vGk; nfhUhpikahdJ tHf;Fj; bjhlh;tjpypUe;J ntz;Lbkd;nw ifj;Jwf;fg;gl;ljh my;yJ tpLgl;ljh vd;w neh;tpw;F,ilnaahd ntWghl;oid rl;lk; fUj;Jiuf;fpwJ/ mj;jifa nfhUhpikia g[jpa tHf;fpd; tplag;bghUshf fUj;jpw;bfhs;sKoahJ/ MapDk;. xnu tHf;FK:yj;jpypUe;J njhd;wp. xd;Wf;Fk; nkw;gl;l ghpfhu';fs; fpilf;fg;bgWk;nghJ mDkjp bgwg;gl;l ghpfhu';fisj; jtph;j;J. Kjy; tHf;fpy; nfhug;gl;lJld; nrh;j;J nkYk; ghpfhu';fs; nfhUtJ jil bra;ag;gLk;/ ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mDkjp tH';ff;nfhhp Kd;itf;fg;gl;l tHf;F,Ug;gpd;. bjhlf;fj;jpy; nfhug;glhj ghpfhu';fs; mtUila gpe;ija tHf;fpy; nfhug;gl;L mjw;F mDkjp tH';fg;gl;oUe;jhy; mJ Vw;g[ilajhFk;/,t;tifaj;jpd; nfhl;ghlhdJ cz;ikapy; c/tp/K/r/?tpd; fl;lis II. tpjp 2(1)?,y; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mJ xt;bthU tHf;Fk; tHf;FK:yj;jpypUe;J vGtJk; kw;Wk; thjpahy; nfhug;gl chpika[ilaJkhd KG chpikf; nfhhpf;ifiaa[k; cs;slf;fntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;/ thjp mtuJ chpikf; nfhhpf;ifapd; VnjDk; gFjpia tpl;Ltplyhk; vd mJ nkYk; bjhptpf;fpwJ/ MapDk;. mjd; tpist[fs; c/tp/K/r/?tpd; fl;lis II. tpjp 2(2)?,y; cWjpglf; Twg;gl;Ls;sJ/ 2013 (1) v!;/rp/rp/ 625. tph;nfh,z;l!;l;hP!; (,';) gpiuntl; ypkpbll; ?vjph;? btd;rh;blf; brhy;a{c&d;!; gpiuntl; ypkpbll; vd;w tHf;fpy;,Jnghd;w fUj;Jfs; btspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij eh';fs; ftdj;jpw;bfhs;fpnwhk;/ gj;jp 9?,y; gpd;tUkhW jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ: @9/ xt;bthU tHf;Fk; VnjDk; Fwpg;gpl;l tHf;FK:yj;jpYk; bjhlh;g[ila thjpahy; nfhug;gl chpika[ila KG nfhUhpikiaa[k; cs;slf;fntz;Lk; vd fl;lis 2 tpjp 1 ntz;LWj;JfpwJ/ vdpDk;. thjp mtUila nfhUhpikapd; VnjDk; gFjpia ntz;Lbkd;nw ifj;Jwf;f vz;zpdhy; mtUf;F mt;thW bra;tjw;fhd tha;g;g[s;sJ/ thjpahy; chpiknfhuj; jFjpa[ila nfhUhpikapd; VnjDk; gFjpia tHf;Fj; bjhlu jtwptpLk; my;yJ ntz;Lbkd;nw iftpLk; epiyiaf; fl;lis 2. tpjp 2 fUj;Jiuf;fpwJ/ thjp mt;thW bra;jhy;. gpd;dh; mth; nfhUhpikapd; tpLgl;l my;yJ ntz;Lbkd;nw iftplg;gl;l ghfk; my;yJ gFjp Fwpj;J tHf;F bjhluf;TlhJ vd;gij c/tp/K/r/?tpd; fl;lis 2. tpjp 2 bjspthf;FfpwJ/ thjp jkJ chpik nfhhpf;ifapd; VnjDk; gFjpia tHf;fplhJ tpLkplj;J my;yJ ifj;Jwf;Fkplj;J. mt;thW tpLgl;l my;yJ ifj;Jwf;fg;gl;l gFjpia ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mDkjpa[ld; gpd;dh; chpik nfhUtjw;F mtUf;F chpikaspg;gJ Fwpj;J fl;lis 2 tpjp 2(2) fUj;jpw;bfhs;stpy;iy vd;gJ ftdj;jpw;bfhs;sg;glntz;Lk;/ xU Fwpg;gpl;l tHf;FK:yj;jpypUe;J xd;Wf;Fk; nkw;gl;l ghpfhu';fSf;F thjp chpika[ilatuhapUe;J. mj;jifa midj;J ghpfhu';fSf;Fk; tHf;fplhJ tpl;LtpLk; NH;epiyfspy; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mj;jifa mDkjpahdJ fl;lis 2. tpjp 2(3)?,d; K:yk; fUj;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ/ mj;jifabjhU NH;epiyapy;. ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mDkjpiag; bgw;Ws;s NH;epiyiaj; jtph;j;J. Kd;dh; tpLgl;l ghpfhu';fSf;F chpiknfhhp gpd;dpl;L tHf;Fj; bjhLg;gjpypUe;J thjp jil bra;ag;gLfpwhh;/ vdnt fl;lis 2. tpjp 2?,d; nkw;Twpa,U JiztpjpfshdJ,UntW NH;epiyfis fUj;jpw;bfhs;fpwJ. mjhtJ. thjp mth; chpikbgw;w chpik nfhhpf;ifapd; xU gFjpia tpl;LtpLtJ my;yJ ifj;Jwg;gJ kw;Wk;,uz;lhtjhf. thjp tHf;fpy; mtuhy; nfhug;glf;Toa gy;ntW ghpfhu';fSs; xd;iwf; nfhuhJ tpl;LtpLtJ my;yJ ifj;Jwg;gJ Mfpatw;iwf; Fwpj;J fUj;Jiuf;fpwJ vd;gJ c/tp/K/r/?tpd; fl;lis 2 tpjpfs; 2(2) kw;Wk; (3)?,d; tifa';fis cldpizj;J thrpg;gjpypUe;J bjspthfpwJ/,jpy; gpe;ija N:H;epiyfspy; kl;Lnk Fwpg;gpl;l ghpfhuj;ijf; nfhuhky;. tpLgl;l rkaj;jpd;nghJ Kjy; chpik tHf;fpy; thjp ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mDkjpiag; bgw;wpUe;jhh; vd epU:gpj;Jf;fhl;o. mth; Ke;ija tHf;fpy; tpLgl;l ghpfhuj;ijf; nfhhp gpd;dplL tHf;F jhf;fy; bra;aKoa[k;/@ 48/ jw;nghija tHf;fpy; K/t/ vz; 36-1963 bjhlug;gl;lnghJ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khshy; bfhzug;gl;l Ke;ija tHf;fhd K/t/ vz; 71-1958 xj;jpirt[j; jPh;g;ghizapy; Koe;jJ vd;gJ cz;ik/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,y; cs;s thjpfs; K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,d; xj;jpiritf; Fwpg;gpl;ldh; vd;gJ tHf;Fiuia Ez;zha;t[ bra;jjpypUe;nj bjhpfpwJ/ mth;fs; tHf;Fiuapd; gj;jp 7?,y; thJiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ ahbjdpy;. xj;jpirtpd; fPH; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F capypy; cs;sl';fpa brhj;Jfs; kw;Wk; rpwpJ gzj;jpw;Fg; gjpyhf. nkw;go tHf;fpy; (tHf;F vz; K/t/ vz; 36-1963) ml;ltizaplg;gl;l brhj;J tH';fg;gl;lJ vd;gjhFk;/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F (,yl;Rikah eha[Ltpd; kfd;fSf;F) capypy; ml';fpa kw;w brhj;Jfis tpl;Lf;bfhLj;jhh;/ mjd;gpwF Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; tHf;Fiuapy; ml;ltizaplg;gl;l brhj;JfSf;fhd KGikahd chpikiaf; nfhhpdhh; vd;w gpujpthjpfspd; thjkhdJ rl;lk; kw;Wk; bghUz;ikfs; Mfpa,uz;od;nghpYk; epiyf;fj;jf;fjy;y vd thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ nkYk;. xj;jpirt[j; jPh;g;ghiz KGtJk;. mjpYk; kpff; Fwpg;ghf. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F mt;tifapy; tHf;Fr; brhj;Jfspd; KGikahd ghj;jpaijia mspj;jbjd;gJ bry;yhjjhFk; vdt[k;. nkYk;. mJ,uz;L thjpfisa[k; kw;Wk; v';fs; Kd;ghf cs;s nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshd 3 kw;Wk; 4?Mk; gpujpthjpfisa[k; fl;Lg;gLj;jhJ vdt[k; thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; brhj;Jfspy; milt[w;w chpikiag; bgw;wpUe;jdh; vd nkYk; cWjpahff; Twg;gl;lJ/ mth;fs; tHf;fpy; (bjspthf K/t/ vz; 71-1958) jug;gpdh;fshf nrh;f;fg;gltpy;iy/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; nky;Kiw? aPl;lhsh;fspd; eyid Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jtpy;iy vd thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ tHf;Fiuapd; gj;jp 8?,y; thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ ahbjdpy;. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khshy; tHf;Fr; brhj;J tiffs; bjhlh;g[ila mtUila chpikfis VbjhU xj;jpirt[ K:yKk; tphpthf;fk; bra;a,ayhJ. capypy; cs;sl';fpa brhj;Jfspy; rpy tiffSf;F kl;Lnk Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; chpika[ilatuhthh;. nkYk;. capypd;go mth; bgw;wpUe;j Ma[s; ghj;jpaijahfpa mt;t[hpikia kl;Lnk mtuhy; nfhuKoa[k; vd;gjhFk;/ mjw;fpz';f. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; Ma[s; ghj;jpaij kl;Lnk cilath;. nkYk;. mth; brhj;Jfis cilik khw;wk; bra;tjpypUe;J jLf;fg;gLtJ Fwpj;Jk; 5/10/1959?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l mwptpg;g[ Fwpg;gPL bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; Vw;Wf;bfhs;sj;jf;fjhapuhj rhl;Liufs; bfhz;l gjpYiuia mDg;gpajhf rhl;oa[iuf;fg;gl;lhh;/ mth; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; capypd;fPH; nfhUhpik VJk; bgw chpika[ilath;fsy;yh; vd kw;wtw;wpw;fpilapy; nfhhpanjhL. nkYk;. brhj;Jfis mth; tpUk;gpa VbjhU KiwapYk; ifahs chpika[ilath; vdt[k; thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ mjd;gpd; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fis chpik,Hf;fr; bra;tjw;fhf tHf;Fr; brhj;J bjhlh;ghd bgaustpyhd Mtz';fis cUthf;fKad;whh; vd nkYk; thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ tHf;Fiuapd; gj;jp?II Kf;fpakhdjhjyhy;. ftdpf;fj;jf;fjhfpwJ/ @11/,jpy; tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;sijj; jtpu kw;w brhj;Jf;fisa[k; cs;slf;fpa Mh;/tp/ u';frhkp eha[Ltpd; capyhdJ xj;jpirt[j; jPh;g;ghizapd; fPH; Kjy; gpujpthjpahy; mtuJ fzthpd; rnfhjuhpd; kfd;fSf;F tH';fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ thjpfs; jdpj;jdp tHf;F eltof;iffSf;fhf mr;brhj;Jf;fs; bjhlh;ghd mth;fsJ chpikfisj; jf;fitj;Jf;bfhz;ldh;/@ 49/ mjd;gona. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; cilik khw;wk; bra;a[k; mjpfhuk; VJkpd;wp. Ma[s; ghj;jpaij kl;Lnk cilatbud;Wk; kw;Wk; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; capypd;goahd nkw;go brhj;Jfspy; milt[w;w v";Rhpikiag; bgw;Ws;sdh; vd;Wk; tpsk;g[if bra;antz;Lbkdf; nfhhp K/t/ vz; 36-1963?MdJ jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;lJ/ *nkw;go* vd;w brhy; bjspthf K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,y; ml;ltizaplg;gl;l brhj;J tiffisf; Fwpf;fpwJ/ 50/ 1977?,y; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd; capypd;go nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; KG chpikfs; Jt';fpaJ vd;gnj tHf;fpw;F (K/t/ vz; 89-1983) moj;jskhFk;/,ijna. K/t/ vz; 36-1963 jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l? nghJ capypd;go Ma[s; ghj;jpaij cilatuhd Mh;/fpUc&;zk;khs; capUldpUe;jhh; vd ntWtpjkhft[k; Twyhk;/ Ma[s; ghj;jpaij cilathpd; kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpwnf capypd;go nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F rhjfkhd KGikahd chpikfs; bjhl';fpaJ/,j;jWthapy; Iaj;jpw;fplkpd;wp ehk; xU mk;rj;ij bjspthf;fntz;Lk;/ cilik chpikahdJ kw;wtw;wpw;fpilapy; fhye;? jhH;j;jg;gLk;nghJ capy;tHp chpik milt[Wk; njjpiaf; Fwpj;J 1925?Mk; Mz;L,e;jpa thhpRhpikr; rl;lk; (,jw;Fg; gpd; @,e;jpa thhpRhpikr; rl;lk;@ vd RUf;fkhff; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;) gphpt[ 119 vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ/ mt;tifakhdJ bghUj;jkhd vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ: @119/ capy;tHp bfhilapd; xg;gilg;g[j; njjp vg;nghJ brYj;jg;gLtJ my;yJ cilik xg;gilg;g[ js;spitf;fg;gLtJ/? capy; tHp bfhilapd; thrf';fspd;go.capy;tHp bfhilg; bghUis capy;tHp chpikahsh; cldoahfg; bgwKoah? jpUf;Fk;bghGJ. capypy; Kuz;ghlhd nehf;fk; vJt[k; njhd;wpdhyd;wp. mjid mth; chpa neuj;jpy; bgWtjw;F chpika[ilatuhthh;/ me;j capy;tHp bfhil. capy; vGjpitj;jth;,we;jjd;nghpy;. mJ capy;tHp chpikahsiur; brd;wila[k;/ mth; capy;tHp bfhilia chpa fhyj;jpy; bgwhknyna,we;JnghapUe;jhy;. me;j capy;tHp bfhil mtuJ thhpRfisr; brd;wila[k;/,j;jifa NH;epiyfspy; capy; vGjpitj;jthpd; kuzj;jpd;nghpy; fpilf;Fk; capy;tHp bfhil. nrh;e;jil chpikahFk;/ tpsf;fk;/? xU capy;tHp bfhilf;fhd nehf;fk; egh; vtUf;Fk; nrh;e;jil chpikahfhJ vd;gjid. capy;tHp bfhil bghUs; rhjhuzkhf tH';fg;gLtijf; bfhz;nlh my;yJ capy;tHp bfhil bghUspd; cilik xg;gilf;fg;gLtJ xj;jpitf;fg;gLtijf; bfhz;nlh my;yJ me;j capy;tHp bfhilf;F xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;F fpilf;Fk; tl;oia ntbwhU egUf;F capy;tHp bfhilahf mspf;fg;gLtijf; bfhz;nlh my;yJ capy;tHp bfhil epjp nrh;j;J tif;fg;gl;oUg;? gjpypUe;J fpilf;Fk; tUthia me;jj; bjhifiar; brYj;Jtjw;fhd fhyk; tUk; tiuapy; nrh;j;J itj;jpUj;jy;ntz;Lk; vd;W gzpf;fg;gl;oUg;gijf;bfhz;nlh my;yJ xU tifaj;jpypUe;J xU Fwpg;gpl;l rk;gtk; eilbgWk;bghGJ me;j capy;tHpf; bfhil kw;bwhU egiu brd;wilantz;Lbkd;gijf; bfhz;nlh Cfpj;jy; TlhJ/ vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs;: i) XXX XXX ii)
XXX XXX iii) epjp xd;W @m@?tpd; thH;ehs; tiuapy; mtUf;F capy;tHp bfhilahff; bfhLf;fg;gl;lJ/ @m@,we;jgpwF me;jj; bjhif @M@?itr; brd;wilantz;Lk;/ capy; vGjpitj;jth;,we;jjd;nghpy; capy;tHp bfhil @M@?tpd; milt[W chpikahFk;/ XXX XXX XXX XXX " 51/ 1882?Mk; Mz;L brhj;Jhpik khw;Wr; rl;lk; (,jpy;,jw;Fg;gpd; “brh/kh/ rl;lk;@ vd RUf;fkhff; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;) gphpt[ 19?I eh';fs; Fwpg;gpLtJk; bghUj;jkhdjhFk;/ gphpt[ 19?MdJ milt[W chpikiaf; Fwpj;J tpthjpf;fpwJ/ mJ gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ/ @19/ milt[W chpik:- xU brhj;Jhpik khw;wj;jpd;nghpy;. vg;bghGJ bry;jpwk; bgWk; vd;W neuj;ijf; Fwpj;Jiuf;fhJ my;yJ mJ cldoahf my;yJ epfHntz;oa epfH;r;rp xd;W epfH;e;jjd;nghpy; bry;jpwk; bgWk; vd;W Fwpj;Jiuf;fpw tiuaiufSld; xU egUf;F Mjuthf Xh; chpj;jk; Vw;gLj;jg;gLfpwtplj;J. chpik khw;wj;jpd; tiuaPLfspypUe;J khwhd fUj;J njhd;wpdhyd;wp. mj;jifa chpj;jk; nrh;e;jila[k;/ xU nrh;e;jil chpj;jkhdJ. chpik khw;wk; bgWgth; cilikiag; bgWtjw;F Kd;g[ mth;,we;Jnghdhy; braypHe;J nghtjpy;iy/ tpsf;fk;:- Xh; chpj;jkhdJ nrh;e;jiljy; MfhJ vd;w fUj;J. ve;j tifaj;jpdhy; Xh; chpj;jk; Ja;f;fg;gLtJ xj;jpg;nghlg;gLfpwnjh my;yJ mnj brhj;jpd; Ke;ija chpj;jk; gpwpbjhU MSf;Ff; bfhLf;fg;gLfpwnjh my;yJ xJf;fpitf;fg;gLfpwnjh my;yJ Ja;g;gpidg; bgWk;tiu brhj;jpypUe;J bgwg;gLk; tUkhdk; nrh;j;Jitf;fg;glntz;Lk; vd;W gzpf;fpwnjh me;j tifaj;jpypUe;J kl;Lk; my;yJ Fwpg;gpl;lbjhU epfH;r;rp epfGkhapd;. me;j chpj;jk; gpw MSf;Fr; bry;Yk; vd;w tifaj;jpypUe;J kl;Lk; Xh; chpj;jk; nrh;e;jiljy; MfhJ vd;w fUj;J,Ug;gjhf ca;j;Jzug;gLjyhfhJ/@ 52/ milt[W chpik vd;gJ epfH;til chpikapypUe;J ntWgl;ljhFk;/,uz;Lnk kpfg;bghpa mstpyhd tpist[fis bfhz;Ls;sJ/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd;,wg;g[ cWjpahd epfH;thf,Ug;gjhy;. v";Rhpikahsh;fspd; chpikahdJ milt[W chpikahfpwJ/ brh/kh/ rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 19?f;Fk;.,e;jpa thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 119?f;Fk;,ilnaahd bghJg;gilahd fUj;Jk;,t;tHf;fpy; bghUe;jf;ToaJkhd bghUz;ikfs; gpd;tUkhW: capypd;go. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F Mjuthf Ma[s; ghj;jpaija[k;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsUf;F Mjuthf g{uz v";Rhpika[k; mspf;fg;gl;oUf;Fk;nghJ. capythpd;,wg;gpw;Fg; gpd;dh; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F Mjuthf mspf;fg;gl;l capy;tHp chpikahdJ milt[W chpikahfpwJ/ vdpDk;. capypd; brhj;jpd; RthjPdKk;. mDnghfKk; capy;tHp chpikauhd. mjhtJ. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; capUldpUf;Fk;tiuapy; mtuJ mjpfhu vy;iyf;Fl;gl;ljhFk;/ vdpDk;. capypd;goahd mtuJ chpikapd; vy;iyfis tphpthf;fk; bra;a mth; VbjhU chpika[k; bgw;wpUf;ftpy;iy/,J TLjyhf,aw;wg;gl;l rl;lj;jpd; tpistpw;F cl;gLtnjhL. gpd;dpl;L tpthjpf;fg;gLk; vd;gjpy; IankJkpy;iy/ Ma[s; ghj;jpaij cilath;. mthpd; jd;dpr;irahd braypd; K:ynkh my;yJ K:d;whk; jug;gpdUld; Tl;lhf nrh;e;njh v";Rhpikahsh;fis chpikfs;,Hf;fr;bra;a tha;g;g[ilatuy;yh;/,e;jpa thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 119. vLj;Jf;fhl;L (III)?,d; fPHhd tHf;fpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ahbjdpy;. capyth; kuzkile;jhy;. mth; kuzkile;j ehspypUe;J brhj;jpd;kPjhd chpik v";Rhpikahsh;fisr; brd;wila[k; vd;gjhFk;/,ij ntWtpjkhf TWtbjdpy;. Ma[s; ghj;jpaij cilathpd; epiyaw;w RthjPdk; kw;Wk; mDnghfj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dh; capypd;go KGikahd chpikfs; milt[wg; bgw;wtuhd capy;tHp chpikahpd; kuzj;jpw;Fg;gpd; cs;sgona. capythpd; kuzj;jpd;nghJ kug[tHp njhd;wpa chpikahdJ. capypd;goahd g{uz chpikahsh; gpd;dpl;L capiy tpl;Lr;bry;yhtpl;lhYk;. mtuJ brhj;jpd; kug[hpik Jt';Fk;nghJ mtUila thhpRjhuh;fSf;F rl;lhPjpahd chpikfis mspf;Fk; brhj;jpy; chpikahdJ milt[w;wpUe;jhYk;. capypd;go Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; kiwt[f;Fg;gpd;dnu nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; brhj;jpd; KGikahd chpikahsh; vd;w g{uzj;Jtj;Jld; brhj;jpid mDgtpf;fKoa[k;/ 1925.,e;jpa thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 119?,y; cs;s *KGikahd chpikfs;* vd;w brhy;ypid ftdj;jpw;bfhz;nlhkhdhy;. tpsk;g[if kw;Wk; gphptpidf;fhd jPh;g;ghizapy;,t;t[hpikna tplag;bghUshff; bfhs;sf; nfhug;gl;lJ/ 1963?Mk; Mz;oy; my;yJ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; kuzk; tiu bray;gLj;JkhW nfhug;gl;l chpikfshdJ Kd;tpsf;fg;gl;lthW nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F kug[hpikapy; brd;wilatpy;iy/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; capUld;,Ue;jnghJ tHf;Fiu ml;ltizr; brhj;Jfspy; mth;fshy; ghfg;gphptpid nfhug;gl;oUf;fKoahJ/ 53/ tph;nfh,d;l!;l;hP!; (,';/) gpiuntl; ypkpbll; ?vjph;? btz;rh;blf; brhy;a{c&d;!; gpiuntl; ypkpbll;28 vd;w tHf;fpd; jPh;g;g[iuapd; gj;jp II?,y; fhzg;gLk;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fUj;jpid eh';fs; kPz;Lk; nfl;lwpfpnwhk;/ @11/ Mifahy; fl;lis 2. tpjpfs; 2(2) kw;Wk; (3)?,y; cs;s tifa';fisg; bghUj;jpg; ghh;g;gjw;F mog;gilahf ntz;LWj;jg;gLtJ ahbjdpy;. gpe;ija tHf;fpd; tHf;FK:ykhdJ Kjy; tHf;fpy; cs;sijg;nghynt,Uf;fntz;Lk;////@ 54/,t;thW fl;lis II. tpjp 2(2)?,d; fPHhd tHf;FK:yj;jpdhy; vGfpd;w nfhUhpikahdJ tpLgl;ljhfnth my;yJ ntz;Lbkd;nw ifJwf;fg;gl;ljhfnth my;yJ fl;lis II. tpjp 2(3)?,d; fPH; ghpfhuk;
28. (2013) 1 v!;/rp/rp/ 625 nfhug;gltpy;iy vd;whnyh mjw;Fz;lhd fLikahd tpist[fs; tHf;FK:yk; xd;whf,Uf;Fk;nghJ kl;Lnk vGk;/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,y; cs;s thjpfs; capypd; midj;J,ay;g[fisa[k; cs;slf;Fk;tifapy; cs;s K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,d; xj;jpirt[j; jPh;g;ghiz bjhlh;ghf tpsk;g[if bra;jpUf;fyhk; vd;w bghUz;ikia eh';fs; kwe;jplhjnghjpYk;.,t;tHf;fpy; cs;s bghUz;ikfisg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. eh';fs; thjpl;lij fUj;jpw;? bfhs;Sk;nghJk; kw;Wk; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd;,wg;g[ njjp bjhlh;ghd r';fjpfisf; fUj;jpw;bfhs;Sk;nghJk; K/t/ vz; 36-1963 kw;Wk; jw;nghija tHf;fpd; (K/t/ vz; 1989-1983) tHf;FK:ykhdJ bjspthf ntWgl;Ls;sJ vd eh';fs; fUJfpnwhk;/ mjpy; tHf;Fiu ml;ltizr; brhj;Jfis chpik khw;wk; bra;tJ bjhlh;ghd mr;RWj;jny K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; tHf;FK:ykhdJ vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;/ 1925.,e;jpa thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; (,jw;Fg;gpd; RUf;fkhf *,e;jpa thhpRhpikr; rl;lk;* vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;) gphpt[ 119?,d; fPH; brhj;jpy; milt[w;w chpikiag; bgw;w egh;fspd; ghJfhj;Jf;bfhs;Sk; eltof;ifna K/t/ vz; 36-1963 vd eh';fs; mwpfpnwhk;/ tHf;FK:yj;ij nfhug;gLk; ghpfhuj;Jld; FHg;gpf;bfhs;syhfhJ vd;w nfhl;ghl;il eh';fs; fUj;jpw;bfhs;s ntz;oajhfpwJ/ mJ nfhug;gLk; ghpfhuj;jpd; mog;gila[ld; bjhlh;g[ilanjahFk;/,JFwpj;J @thjp. Vjd; mog;gilapy; jdf;F Mjuthd Koit vl;LkhW ePjpkd;wj;ij nfhhpdhnuh mijna,J Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ@ vdf; Twp murg; nguit tFj;Jiuj;jijna eh';fs; typa[Wj;jpf; Twfpnwhk; (ghh;f;f: KfkJ fyPy; fhd; ?vjph;? bkcwg{g; myp kpahd;29 )/ K/t/ vz; 71-1958 kw;Wk; K/t/ vz; 36-1963 kw;Wk; K/t/ vz; 732-1981?,d; tHf;F eltof;iffs; kw;Wk; jPh;g;ghizapd; tpist[ Kuz;jil. chpik tpLg;g[. cld;ghL/ 55/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khshy; K/t/ vz; 71-1958 jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;lJ/ gpujpthjpfs; 1 Kjy; 4 tiuapyhdth;fs; yl;Rikah eha[Ltpd; kfd;fshth;/ Ie;jhk; gpujpthjp capypd; epiwntw;whsuhthh;/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd;,we;j fztuhd tp/,u';frhkp eha[Lthy; epiwntw;wg;gl;l capypd;K:yk; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtkspf;fg;gl;lJ/ khwhf. mth; capypd; fPHhd mtUila chpikfis braystpy; tpl;Lf;bfhLj;jnjhL. nkYk;. tp/ u';frhkp eha[L capy; vGjp itf;fhky;,we;jjdog;gilapy; gphptpidf;fhd jPh;g;ghizia tH';FkhW nfhhpdhh;/ tplak; tprhuizf;F bry;ytpy;iy/ mJ xj;jpirtpy; Koe;jJ/ xj;jpirtpd; rhuk; ahbjdpy;. capypy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s brhj;jpd; rpy tiffs;. capypd;go brhj;jpd; VG tiffspy; mtUf;F tiuaWf;fg;gl;l chpik kl;Lnk,Ue;jnghjpYk;. mit Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; KGikahd brhj;Jfsh m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;ld/Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; xj;jpirt[ jPh;g;ghizapd; fPH; jd;Dila g';fpw;F kw;w brhj;Jfspd; kPjhd mtUila chpikia Jwe;jhh;/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khshy; nfhug;gl;lijg; nghd;W ???????????????????????????????
29. V/I/Mh;/ 1949 gp/rp/ 78 ghfg;gphptpid jPh;g;ghiz epiwntw;wg;gl;oUe;jhy;. bjhz;Qq}w;whW tifahd brhj;Jfspy; jhf;fk; Vw;gl;oUf;ff;TLk; vd;w vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;fhd fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ tp/,uhfthr;rhhpapd; thj';fis eh';fs; ftdpj;njhk;/,ij ntW tifapy; TWtbjd;why;. tp/ u';frhkp eha[L kw;Wk; yl;Rikah eha[Ltpd; Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpw;F brhe;jkhf bgUkstpyhd brhj;Jfs;,Ue;jd vdj; bjspthfpwJ/ capypy; cs;sl';fpa brhj;Jfshdit Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpw;Fr; brhe;jkhd bgUkstpyhd brhj;jpd; kpfr;rpwpa gFjpnaahFk;/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; mJnghd;W mtUila KG chpikfisa[k; nfl;Fk; epiyapy;,y;yhky;,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;. nkYk;. mtuhy; bgwKoe;jij itj;J mth; kdepiwt[ld;,Ue;jhh; vd;W Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wj;jhy; fz;lwpag;gl;lij vLj;jpak;g[k; rhd;Ws;sJ/ Mdhy;.,';F kpft[k; bghUj;jkhdJ ahbjdpy;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; xj;jpirt[f;fhd jug;gpdh;fs; my;yh;/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;Fg; gpd;ghd mth;fspd; chpikfisf; fz;lwpatpy;iy/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; khkhthd tp/ u';frhkp eha[Lthy; epiwntw;wg;gl;l capypd; fPH; mth;fSf;F KGikahd chpik tH';fg;gl;lJ/ 1925?Mk; Mz;od;,e;jpa thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 119?,y; bghUs;bfhs;sg;gl;lthW. mth;fSf;F Mjuthft[s;s tpUg;ghtzk; milt[w;w chpikia cUthf;fpaJ/ capypd;go cWjpahf Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dnu brhj;jpd; mDnghfk; kw;Wk; RthjPdj;ij mDgtpf;fKoa[k;/ capypd;fPH; cs;sl';fpa brhj;Jfspy; Ma[s; ghj;jpaij kl;Lnk cilatuhd Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; capiy Vw;Wf;bfhz;lgpwF. mth;,yl;Rikah eha[Ltpd; cwt[tHp chpikfis tphpthf;fk; bra;jpUf;f,ayhJ/ capypd; tplag;bghUshf,Uf;Fk; brhj;Jfspd; chpikfis Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dnu nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; mDgtpf;fKoa[k;. bjhlh;g[ila brhj;Jfspd; KGikahd chpikfis tH';ff;nfhUk; xj;jpirt[f;Fs; bry;Yk; mtUila eltof;iff;F nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; fl;Lg;gl;lth;fsy;yh;/ 56/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSs; capypd;go capy;tHp chpikah;fshf,Uf;Fk;,Utuhy; K/t/ vz; 36-1963 jhf;fy; bra;ag;glyhdJ/ mth;fs; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; mtUila chpikfis tphpthf;fk; bra;a,ayhjthWk; kw;Wk; brhj;Jfis (K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,d; xj;jpirt[j; jPh;g;ghizapd; fPH; mthpd; KGikahd brhj;Jfshf m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;l VG tif brhj;Jfs;) cilik khw;wk; bra;a,ayhjthWk; bghUs;gLk;goahf tpsk;g[if xd;iwf; nfhhpdh;/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,y; cs;s thjpfs; tHf;Fiu ml;ltizr; brhj;jpid jw;nghija tHf;fpy; nrh;f;f tpUk;gtpy;iy. nkYk;. mt;thwhd tpsk;g[if nfhutpy;iy vd;gJ cz;ik/ mjpy; ehk; kdjpw;bfhs;sntz;oa,uz;L mk;r';fs; cs;sd/ Kd;djhf. K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,y; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; KGikahd chpikfs; bgw;w VG tif brhj;Jfis mth; cilik khw;w";bra;a,Uf;fpwhh; vd;w mr;r czh;nt K/t/ vz; 36-1963?I jhf;fy; bra;tjw;fhd tHf;FK:ykhf,Ue;jJ vd rhl;Liuf;fg;gl;lJ (cz;ikapy;. xUtif brhj;J cilik khw;w";bra;ag;gl;ljhf Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;lJ)/,uz;lhtjhf. tHf;Fiuapd; gj;jp?II?I eh';fs; Vw;bfdnt ftdpj;njhk;. mjpy;. K/t/ vz; 89-1883?,d; tHf;Fiu ml;ltizr; brhj;Jfshd kw;w brhj;JfSld; bjhlh;g[ila mth;fsJ chpikia btspg;gilahfj; bjhlu tpUk;g[k; mth;fspd; vz;zj;ij thjpfs; btspg;gLj;jpdh;/ c/tp/K/r/. fl;lis
II. tpjp 2?,d; jilahdJ,';F bghUe;jhJ vd;gij eh';fs; Vw;bfdnt Rl;of;fhl;oa[s;nshk;/ K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,y; cs;s xj;jpirt[ jPh;g;ghizapd; tpjpKiwfis tYtpHf;fr; bra;jjpy; K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,y; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;ghizapd; g';Fs;sJ vd;w nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; thJiuapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f jFjpg;ghL cs;sJ/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; xj;jpirt[ njjpapd;go,Ue;j NH;epiy ahbjdpy;. VG tif brhj;Jfspy; ehd;F tif brhj;Jfs; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khshy; cilik khw;wk; bra;ag;gl;lJ. mnjntisapy;. xU brhj;J murhy; ifafg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ vd;gjhFk;/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; tHf;Fiu ml;ltizapy; cs;s brhj;J tif vz;fs; 5 kw;Wk; 6?I bghWj;jtiuapy;. 10/5/1955?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l capypd; tpjpKiwfs; typa[Wj;jpf; Twg;gl;lJ/ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F brhj;Jtif vz;fs; 5 kw;Wk; 6 bjhlh;ghd KGikahd chpikfs; mspg;gjw;F mog;gilahf mike;j K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,d; xj;jpirt[ jPh;g;ghizapd; tiuKiwfspypUe;J tpyfpr;bry;Yk;nghJkhapd;. mnj brhj;J tiffisg; bghWj;jtiuapy; K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,y; cs;s xj;jpirt[j; jPh;g;ghizapd;fPH; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; brhj;Jfis cilik khw;w";bra;a[k; mjpfhukpd;wp. mtUila thH;ehspy; mtw;iw mDgtpf;f kl;Lnk Koa[k; vd;gnj,jw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;/,ij 10/5/1955?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l capypd; tiuKiwfis K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; xj;jpirt[j; jPh;g;ghiz btspg;gLj;JtnjhL. nkYk; tYt{l;LfpwJ vdf; Twyhk;/ K/t/ vz; 71-1958 kw;Wk; K/t/ vz; 36-1963 Mfpa,uz;oYk; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; jPh;g;g[ gfug;gltpy;iy/ xj;jpirt[j; jPh;g;ghiziag; bgw vJ jug;gpdh;fis xj;jpira itj;jnjh mJ jug;gpdh;fspd; rl;lhPjpahd chpikfis jPh;khdpf;fhJ. Mijj; jPh;g;g[f;Twnt eh';fs; nfhug;gl;nlhk;/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; jug;gpdh;fshf nrh;f;fg;gl;lth;fSk;. tHf;Fiu"uhy; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; bra;ag;gl;lth;fSkhd,yl;Rikah eha[Ltpd; cwt[tHpapdhpd; bray;ghlhdJ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; jug;gpy; capypid bka;g;gpg;gjw;fhd njitapid ePf;fptplhJ/ 57/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; xj;jpirt[j; jPh;g;ghizapy;.,yl;Rikahtpd; cwt[ tHpapdh; cl;gl kw;w gpujpthjpfSf;bfjpuhf jh';fs; VbjhU ghpfhuKk; nfhutpy;iybad thjpfs; Fwpg;gpl;ldh; vd;w bghUz;ikapd;kPJ v';fsJ ftdk; <h;f;fg;gl;lJ vd;gJ nkw;bfhz;L fUj;jpw;bfhs;sg;glntz;oa mk;rkhFk;/,jpypUe;J K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,y; cs;s xj;jpirt[j; jPh;g;ghizapd; fPH;,yl;Rikah eha[Ltpd; cwt[tHpapdhpd; chpikfs; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l mnjrkak;. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; midj;J brhj;Jfs; bjhlh;ghd mtuJ chpikfisj; Jwe;jhh;. mijj;jtpu. mtUf;F KGikahd chpikfs; mspf;fg;bgw;w VGtifr; brhj;JfSk; Fwf;fPod;wpa[k;. nfs;tpf;F mg;ghw;gl;Lk;,Ue;jjhf thJiuf;Fk;go nfhug;gl;lJ/ K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,y; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; mtuJ midj;J chpikfisa[k; tpl;Lf;bfhLj;j tHf;Fiu ml;ltizr; brhj;Jfspd; bjhlh;ghd K/t/ vz; 89-1983?apid epWt[tjpy; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F Kuz;jil kw;Wk; cld;ghL nghd;w nfhl;ghLfspd;thapyhf mJ jilia Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;gij Rl;of;fhl;l,e;elj;ijahdJ v';fspd; Kd;ghf typa[Wj;jpf; Twg;gl;lJ/,J bjhlh;ghf ehk; epidtpw;bfhs;sntz;oaJ ahbjdpy;. K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; tHf;FiuapYk; VGtifr; brhj;Jfisj; jtpu kw;w brhj;Jfs; kWg;gpw;fplkpd;wp tHf;fpd; tplag;bghUsy;y/ mijtpl Kf;fpakhf. xj;jpirt[j;jPh;g;ghizapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ ahbjdpy;. nkw;go tHf;fpy; kw;w gpujpthjpfSf;F vjpuhf VbjhU ghpfhuKk; nfhug;gltpy;iy vd;gjhFk;/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,y; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;ghizapd;K:ykhf,yl;Rikahtpd; cwt[tHpapdhpd; chpikfs; ghjpf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gJk; mnjrkak; cz;ikahFk;/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,y; cs;s brhj;J tif vz;fs; 5 kw;Wk; 6?Ig; bghWj;jtiuapy;. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; chpikfs; cilik khw;wj;jpw;F vjpuhd jila[ld; Ma[s; ghj;jpaij tiu kl;Lnk tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mij xj;jpirtpd; fPHhd capypd; tiuaiwfSf;F Vw;g xj;jpira itj;jJ,yl;Rikah eha[Ltpd; cwt[tHpapdUf;F bghUl;ly;y vd;gnj,jw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;/,jd;fhuzkhf mth;fisg; bghWj;jtiu Vw;bfdnt K/t/ vz; 71-1958 xj;jpirt[ jPh;g;ghizahy; mth;fis fl;Lg;gLj;jpajd; fPH; tif vz;fs; 5 kw;Wk; 6 Fwpj;J Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F KGikahd chpikfs; tH';fg;gl;L kw;wtw;Wf;fpilapy; j';fsJ midj;J chpikfisa[k; mth;fs;,He;Jtpl;ldh;/ mjdhy; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; kw;Wk; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F,ilapyhd me;j cilikfs; vd;w Kiwapyhd Vw;ghL mth;fSf;F rk;ge;jkhdjy;y/ kp";rpa cilikfspd; kPjhd mth;fSf;Fs;s chpik vd;dbtdpy; K/t/ vz; 71-1958?,d; xj;jpirt[ jPh;g;ghizapd;fPH; jdpj;j chpikfs; mth;fSf;F tH';fg;gl;oUe;jJ/ tpisthdJ tif vz;fs; 5 kw;Wk; 6 vd;w Kiwapy; K/t/ vz; 36-1963 cs;s xj;jpirt[ jPh;g;ghizapd;fPH; capypd; c&uj;Jfspy; xUtifapy; typa[Wj;jpf; Twg;gl;lJ/,y;iybadpy; m/t/ vz; 71-1958?,d; jPh;g;ghiz ftdpf;fg;glhky;,Ue;jpUf;Fk;. vdnt m/t/ vz; 36-1963?,y; gpwg;gpj;jpUf;Fk; jPh;g;ghiz nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; kw;Wk; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F,ilapyhd KGikahd tplakhFk; vd;w Kot[f;F eh';fs; tUfpnwhk;/,yl;Rikah eha[L fpis xj;jpirtpw;F jug;gpdh;fshf nrh;f;fg;gl;oUe;j? nghjpY';Tl. jPh;g;ghizf;F cz;ikahd jug;gpdh;fs; my;yh;/ mth;fs; xj;jpirt[ jPh;g;ghizapy; jug;gpdh;fshf ifbahg;gkpltpy;iy/ Mifahy; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSky;yhky;. vjph;thjpfSky;yhky; m';F gpwg;gpj;jpUf;Fk; xj;jpirt[ jPh;g;ghiz my;yJ jhf;fy; bra;jpUf;Fk; m/t/ vz; 36-1963?ypUe;J ve;jtpj nkd;ika[k; ca;j;JzuKoahJ/ m/t/ vz; 36-1963 cs;s thjpfs; m/t/ vz; 732-1981';Tl jhf;fy; bra;Js;sdh;/,yl;Rikah fpis (nky;KiwaPLfspYs;s vjph;thjpfSf;fpilapy;) jug;gpdh;fs; my;y/ K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; ml;ltizapy; tiffs; 5 kw;Wk; 6?Dila gphptpidf;fhd chpik tHf;fhFk;/ nkw;brhd;d chpik tHf;fpy; jug;gpdh;fshf,y;yhjjhy; m/t/ vz; 732-1981?,d; mog;gilapy; bfhs;epiy Kd;jPh;g;g[ my;yJ Kd;jPh;g;g[ bfhs;iffSf;Fhpajd;kPJ mth;fshy; btspg;gilahf rhh;e;jpUf;f,ayhjjhFk;/ vdpDk;. typa[Wj;jpg; bgwtpUk;gpaJ vd;dbtdpy;. tshfj;jpd; mog;gilapnyna m/t/ vz; 732-1981?,y; jPh;g;ghiz gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;lJ/ jw;bghGJ chpik tHf;fpd; tHf;FK:yj;Jld; KGikahf xj;Jg;nghftpy;iy/ m/t/ vz; 732-1981?,y; cilikfs;kPJ Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F chpikfs;,Ue;jjhf tHf;F mike;jpUe;jJ vd;Wk;. nkYk; jw;nghija chpik tHf;fpy; mike;j epytuj;Jld; Kuz;gl;Ls;sbjd;W ntWtifapy; Rl;of;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ/ mt;thwhd eltof;ifapd; nghf;fpy; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; cWjpbkhHp vLg;gjpypUe;J Kuzhf jLf;fg;gl;ljhf thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ gpd;tUk; elg;g[Kiwia v';fshY';Tl Fiwf;f,aYk;/ K/t/ vz; 732-1981?,y; fpilg;gjw;Fhpa chpikfspd; tiut[fis cs;sl';fpa tHf;FK:yk; (m/t/ vz; 36-1963?,y; tif vz;fs; 5 kw;Wk; 6 vd;wKiwapy;) K/t/ vz; 71-1958?Ds;s ml';fy; bgw;wjd;fPH; ml;ltiz tiffis bfhz;l tHf;Fiuapd; brhj;JfspYs;s jdJ chpikfis iftpl;l Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; chpikfs; yl;Rikah fpisahy; xg;g[if bra;ag;gl;lJ/ eh';fs; btspg;gLj;jg;gl;l ghpkhz';fis g[wf;fzpf;ftpy;iy. cilik? fSf;fhd chpikia nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F Mjuthf xUntis epWtg;gltpy;iybadpy;. mJ bjhiye;jpUf;ff;TLk;/ tHf;Fiu ml;ltiz brhj;Jfs; vd;wKiwapy; (c&h Ky;re;j; mz;l; nfh ypkpbll;) (fiyg;gpYs;s) behoj;jth; brhj;J eph;thfp cah; ePjpkd;wk;. bkl;uh!; K:ykhf ?vjph;? $tcwh; kpy;!; ypkpbll;. nryk;30 kw;Wk; lhf;lh; fuz; rp'; ?vjph;? $k;K kw;Wk; fhc&;kPh; khepyk;31 kw;Wk; xUth;,J bjhlh;ghf ghh;f;ft[k;) chpikfis iftplg;gl;l tHf;fhf mjid fUj,ayhJ/ m/t/ vz; 732-1981?I kWg;g[j;jil tHf;fhf mikf;f jug;gpdh;fs; my;yhj vjph;thjpfshy;,ayhJ/ ??????????????????????????????????
30. V/I/Mh;/ 1953 v!;/rp/ 98
31. (2004) 5 v!;/rp/rp/ 698 10/05/1955?Mk; njjpapl;l capy; rhrdk; bka;g;gpf;fg;gl;ljh> (rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[fs; 33. 68 kw;Wk; 69) 58/,e;j nfs;tpf;Fs;shd capy; rhrdk; xh; cah; rpwg;g[hpikaw;wjhFk;/,e;jpa kug[hpikr; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 63?,y; Xh; cah; rpwg;g[hpikaw;w tpUg;g[Wjp bra;tjw;fhd Kiwapid tHptFj;Js;sJ/ mjd;go bry;yj;jFe;j tpUg;g[Wjpia,aw;WtJ kl;Lky;yhJ. Mtzj;ij capyth; fz;og;ghf epiwntw;WtJ mtrpakhdhY';Tl Fiwe;jJ,uz;L rhl;rpfs; fl;lhak; rhd;bwhg;gkpl;oUf;fntz;Lk;/ vd;d njitbad;why;.,e;jpa kug[hpikr; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 63?,y; tifbra;Js;sgo Mtzj;jpy; rhd;bwhg;gkplntz;Lk;/ Mdhy;. tHf;fkhf rhd;Wiug;gjy;y/ 59/,e;jpa rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. 1872. gphpt[ 68 (,jd;gpd;dh; RUf;fkhf 'rhl;rpar; rl;lk;' vd;W Fwpf;fg;gLk;) rl;lg;go rhd;bwhg;gkplg;gl;l Mtzj;jpd; epiwntw;Wifia mtrpak; bka;g;gpg;gJ gw;wp mQqFfpwJ/ tpUg;g[Wjp tHf;fpDs;,e;jpa kug[hpikr; rl;lk; gphpt[ 63?dhy; nfhhpago xU Mtzk; rhd;bwhg;gkplg;gl;oUe;J. xUntis m';F rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhd;Wiu"h; capUldpUe;J. nkYk;. ePjpkd;wj;jpd; bray;Kiwf;Fl;gl;L rhl;rpakspf;f jFjptha;e;jpUg;gpd; mjDila epiwntw;Wifia bka;g;gpg;gjw;fhf rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhd;Wiu"h;fSs; xUtiu miHj;jhy; kl;Lnk tpUg;g[Wjpia xUntis bka;g;gpf;ff;TLk; vd;gij mjid ghh;itapl;ljpy; bjspthfpwJ/ 60/ rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. 1872. gphpt[ 69 gpd;tUkhW vLj;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ: @69/ rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhd;Wiu"h; v';Fk; fz;lwpag;gl? tpy;iy vd rhd;Wtpsf;fk;/? mt;thW rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhd;Wiu"h; xUntis fz;lwpag;gltpy;iy vd;whnyh my;yJ If;fpa uh$;$paj;jpy; Mtzj;ij epiwntw;wg;gl;ljhf xUntis bjd;gl;lhnyh. rhd;bwhg;gj;ij Fiwe;jgo rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l xU rhl;rpapDila mtUila ifbaGj;jpy;,Ug;gij bka;g;gpf;fntz;oaJ fl;lhakhFk;. nkYk;. Mtzj;ij epiwntw;wpa eghpDila ifbahg;gk; me;j eghpd; ifbaGj;jhf,Uf;fntz;Lk;/@ 61/ *xUntis me;j rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rp fz;lwpag;gltpy;iybadpy;. kw;wtw;Wf;fpilapy; gpd;tUk; bghUs;tpsf;fj;jpid jh';FfpwJ* vd;w brhw;bwhlh; gad;gLj;jg;gl;oUe;jhYk;. *rhd;bwhg;gkpLk; rhl;rp* Kd;ghf *mt;thwhd* vd;w thh;j;ij rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 68?,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;oUf;Fk; *rhd;bwhg;gkpLk; rhl;rp* vd;gij Fwpj;Jiuf;Fk; cs;nehf;fk; bfhz;oUe;jJ/ *fz;lwpag;gl;lJ* vd;w brhw;bwhliu bghWj;jtiuapy; gy;ntW tifahd NH;epiyfis mJ cs;sl';fg;bgw;wpUe;jJ/ VnjDk; clw;hPjpahd gpzpapd; fhuzkhf rhl;rpakspg;gjw;fhd,ayhika[ila epytu';fis cs;slf;fpapUf;fpwJ/ rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhd;Wiu"h;fs;,we;jpUf;Fk; xU N:H;epiyia epr;rakhf mJ cs;slf;fkhff; bfhs;Sk;/ rhd;bwhg;gkpLk; rhd;whsh; jd;dpiy kwe;jpUg;gpd; *fz;lwpjy;* vDk; brhy; v';F xU rhd;bwhg;gkpLk; rhd;whsh; clw;hPjpahf fpilf;ff;ToanghjpYk;. mt;thW jFjptha;e;j N:H;epiyia cl;bfhz;oUg;gpd;. rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 68?,d; fPH; rhd;bwhg;gkpl;lij bka;g;gpf;Fk; flikg; bghWg;gpid Mw;Wtjw;F,ayhkYk;. nkYk; mjd;fhuzkhf mth; fz;lwpag;gltpy;iy vd;Dk; N:H;epiyahf cz;lhfptpLk;/ 62/ ghg[rp'; kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? uhk; rcwha; vd;fpw uhk;rp';32 ?,y; gphpt[ 69 Fwpj;J ePjpkd;wj;jhy; gpd;tUkhW tpjpf;fg;gl;lJ: 17/ v';F xU tHf;fpDs; rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhd;whsh;,we;Jtpl;lhnyh my;yJ ePjpkd;w Ml;rptuk;gpw;F btspapnyh my;yJ vjph;j;jug;gpdhy; tHpapypUe;J btspnaw;wg;gl;oUe;jhnyh my;yJ rpuj;ijahf njoa[k; vjph;khwhf njof;fz;Lgpf;f,ayhtpoDk; kw;wtw;Wf;fpilapy; mJ bghUe;jf;TLk;/ me;j N:H;epiyapy;jhd;,e;j capy; rhrdk; gphpt[ 69?,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s Kiwapy; epU:gpf;f,aYk;/ mjhtJ. rhd;whsh;fis tprhhpg;gjdhy; capyth; my;yJ epiwntw;whshpd; ifbaGj;jpid epU:gpf;fKoa[k;/ mjd;gpd;dh; kw;wth;fspd;kPJ bka;g;gpf;Fk; Rik khw;wg;gl;lJ/
32. (2008) 14 v!;/rp/rp/ 754 18/ vdpDk;. tHf;fkhf xU capy; rhrdk; thhpRKiwr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 63 kw;Wk; gphpt[ 68?,d; tpyf;Ff;TWfspd;go bka;g;gpg;gJ fl;lhakhf,Ug;gij fUj;jpy; itj;J,jw;F Kd;dhy; ftdpf;fg;gl;lthW NH;epiyapy; mjDila Mf;ff;TWfs; gjpthtzj;jpy; tug;bgw;W. epiwntw;Wjy; kw;Wk; rhd;bwhg;gkpLjypd; fz;og;ghd epU:gzk; jsh;t[w;W epw;Fk;/ vdpDk; gphpt[ 69?,y; fUj;jpy; bfhs;sg;gl;lthW ifbahg;gk; kw;Wk; ifbaGj;jpid fl;lhakhf bka;g;gpf;fntz;Lk;/ (typa[Wj;jpf; Twg;gl;lJ 63/ rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 69 cld; mQqfpanghJ nf/ yl;Rkzd; ?vjph;? njf;ifapy; gj;kpdp kw;Wk; gyh;?,y;33,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuia eh';fs; ftdpj;njhk;/ “32/ rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhd;Wiu"h;fs;,Utiua[k; tprhhpf;fg;glhj fhuzj;jpdhy; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 69?,d; c&uj;Jfspd;go gjtp tfpg;gthplk; Fiwe;jJ xU rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rpapd;
33. (2009) 1 v!;/rp/rp/ 354 rhd;bwhg;gkhdJ mtUila ifbaGj;jpypUe;jJ vd;Wk;. nkYk; Mtzj;ij epiwntw;Wif bra;j eghpDila ifbahg;gk; me;j eghpd; ifbaGj;jpy;,Ue;jJ vd;gija[k; epU:gpg;gJ nky;KiwaPl;lhsUf;FhpajhFk;/ rhd;whtzk; gp/2?tpY';Tl gp/rh/3 Xh; milahs';fhQqk; rhl;rpahdth; Fwpg;gpl;L TwpajhtJ. rhd;whtzk; gp/2?itg; bghWj;jkl;oy; mth; Xh; milahs';? fhQqk; rhl;rpahf ifbahg;gkpltpy;iy vd;Wk;. nkYk;. rhd;whtzk; gp/2?tpYs;s ifbahg;gk; gw;wpa[';Tl jdf;F bjhpahJ vd;gjhFk;/ nkYk;. ed;bfhil Mtzj;jpd; jd;ikiag; ghprPypj;jjpy; epiwntw;whsuhy; epiwntw;wg;gl;l Mtzj;ij kWj;J. Fwpg;ghf. thJiu jhf;fy; bra;atpy;iy vd;W mDkhdpj;jhY';Tl. mjw;fhd fl;lis m';F njitapy;iy kw;Wk; xU rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rpia tprhhpg;gjw;fhd Xh; flg;ghLkpy;iy. Mdhy;. thjp ed;bfhil Mtzj;jpd; epiwntw;Wifia xUnghJk; Vw;Wf;bfhs;stpy;iy vd;gJk;. mjdhy; ntnwnjDk; Mtzj;ijg;nghd;nw mjida[k; epU:gpg;gJ mtrpakhdJ vd;w bghUz;ik jw;nghJtiu v";rpapUf;fpwJ”/ 64/,e;j tHf;fpy; bjhlh;g[ila rkaj;jpy;,t;tpuz;L rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rpfs; capUldpy;iy vd;gjpy; g{rypy;iy/ Mifahy;. mg;nghJ vGk;gpa nfs;tpfs; gpd;tUkhW: m),d;Dk; rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rpfs;,UtUk;,we;Jtpl;lhy;. mg;nghJ rl;lj;jpd; njitahdjhtJ: rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 69?,d; fPGk;.,e;jpa thhpRhpikr; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 63?,d; fPHhd njitg;gl;lthW rhd;bwhg;gk;. mjhtJ.,uz;L rhl;rpfspd; rhd;bwhg;gk; bka;g;gpf;fntz;Lkh> my;yJ Fiwe;jgo xU rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rpapd; rhd;bwhg;gkhdJ mtUila ifbaGj;jpy;,Ue;jij bka;g;gpg;gjw;F. rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 69?Dila vGj;jpay;ghd Mizia gpd;tUfpw thrff;TwpypUe;J eP';fyhf epU:gpg;gJ nghJkhdjh> M) F/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd eltof;iffspy; capy; rhrdj;jpYs;s rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rpfspy; xUtuJ rhl;rpaj;jpd; gpujpia rhd;whtzk; gp/7 rhl;rpar; rl;lk; gphpt[ 33?,d; fPHhd njitfis nghJkhdjhf epiwntw;Wfpwjh> vd;gnj nkw;bfhz;L vHtpUf;Fk; nfs;tpahFk;/ 65/ rhl;rpar; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 83?,d; jhf;fk; bjhlh;ghd tplaj;ij eh';fs; Kjypy; vLj;Jf;bfhs;fpnwhk;/ cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; cs;bry;yg;gl;l r';fjpfs; mJty;y/ rhl;rpar; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 33 goj;jwptJ gpd;tUkhW: @33/ gpd;dpl;l eltof;ifapDs; bka;g;gpg;gjw;fhf rpy bjhlh;g[w;w rhd;Wiu. m';F Twg;gl;l cz;ik bghUz;ikfs;/? ePjpkd;w eltof;ifapy; rhl;rpahy; mspf;fg;gl;l rhd;W my;yJ mij vLg;gjw;F rl;lj;jhy; m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;l VnjDk; egh; Kd;ghfnth bka;g;gpf;Fk; fhuzj;jpw;fhf bjhlh;g[w;wpUj;jy;. mLj;JtUk; ePjpkd;w eltof;ifapDs;nsh my;yJ mnj ePjpkd;w eltof;ifapd; gpd;tUfpw fl;lj;jpnyh. vit cz;ikahd bghUz;ikfs; vd mJ TWfpwnjh. rhl;rp,we;Jtpl;lhnyh my;yJ fz;lwpag;glh? tpl;lhnyh my;yJ rhl;rpakspg;gjw;F,ayhky;,Ue;jhnyh my;yJ vjph;j;jug;gpdhy; tHpapypUe;J btspnaw;wg;gl;oUe;jhnyh my;yJ xUntis mtUila Kd;dpiyia Xh; msthd jhkjk; my;yJ brytpy;yhky; bgWtjw;F,ayhtpoy; tHf;F NH;epiyfspd;fPH;,e;ePjpkd;wk; epahakw;wjhf fUJk:,Ue;jnghjpYk;. eltof;ifahdJ xnu jug;gpdh;fSf;fpilapnyh my;yJ mth;fsplk; mf;fiwbfhz;l gpujpepjpfnsh Kjy; eltof;ifapy; FWf;F tprhuiz bra;tjw;fhd chpika[k; kw;Wk; tha;g;g[k; cila vjph;j;jug;gpdh; bghUs;tifapyhd tpla';fspDs;s tpdhf;fs; Kjy; kw;Wk;,uz;lhk; eltof;ifapYs;sthW xnu epiya[ilajhf,Uj;jy;ntz;Lk;/ tpsf;fk;:- xU Fw;wtpay; tHf;F tprhuiz my;yJ jftywpjy;,g;gphptpd; bghUs; tpsf;fj;jpDs; Fw;w";rhl;lg;gl;ltUf;Fk; kw;Wk; muR tHf;Fiu"Uf;Fk;,ilnaahd eltof;ifahf fUjg;gLk”;/ (typa[Wj;jpf; Twg;gl;lJ) 66/ F/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd eltof;ifapy; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khs; kw;Wk; capy; rhrdj;jpd; epiwntw;whsUf;F,ilapyhd rr;rutpy; *m* jug;gpdh; vz;fs; 1 kw;Wk; 2 nkYk;. *M* jug;gpdh; vd;Dk; eilapy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sdh;. mjhtJ.,e;j nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; jw;nghJs;s nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; jug;gpdh;fs; my;yh;/ Mifahy;. mnjnghd;nwhUf;fpilapy; eltof;ifapy;iy/ gphpt[ 33?,d; Kjy; tifaj;jpd; kw;bwhU thrff;TW. mjhtJ. rhl;rpar; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 33?MdJ bghUe;JfpwbghUl;L. mth;fsplk; gw;Ws;s gpujpepjpfSf;fpilapyhd eltof;iffs; epiwntw;wg;glhkypUf;fntz;Lk;/ capy; rhrdj;jpd; fPH; v";rpa Ml;fshd nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; vtnuh. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khsplk; gw;Wbfhz;l gpujpepjpfshf fUj,ayhJ vd;w thJiuia vGg;gpajhf fhzg;gLfpwJ/ 67/ nkYk;. K:d;whtJ tifaj;ij <h;f;ff;Toa xd;whf gphpt[ 145?,d; jd;ik eltof;iffspy;,y;iy vd;gij kpFjpahd xspahy; bjhpag;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ/ @gw;Ws;s gpujpepjp@ vd;fpw thh;j;ijapd; bghUs;tpsf;fk; murg; nguitf;F Kd;g[ ghprPyidf;F itj;J. fpUc&;za;ah N:h;a uht; gfJ}h; fhU kw;Wk; gyh; (gpujpthjpfs;) ?vjph;? bt';flFkhu kcwpljp N:h;a uht; gcwJ}h; fhU34 ?tpd; jPh;Kotpy; mwptpf;fg;gl;L,e;ePjpkd;wk; bgUkstpyhd rl;l tHf;Ffis Fwpj;Jiuj;Jk; kw;Wk; mfy;tphpthd kW Ma;tpw;Fg; gpd;dh; fPH;tUkhW jPh;khdpf;fpwJ/ @20/ vspjhf,Ug;gjw;F vJt[kpy;iy. M';fpy tpjpia gpd;gw;Wtij tpLj;J mt;thW bra;tjw;F tpUg;gk;bfhz;lhnyh my;yJ Kjy; eltof;ifapd; jug;gpdh; brhj;Jld; Toa jdpa[hpika[k; my;yJ,uz;lhtJ eltof;iffSf;fhd jug;gpduJ ghj;jpaijapy; Kd;dpUe;jtuhf,Ug;gJ njitahdjhFk;/ mt;thW ed;fwpe;j c&uj;Jfis gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; gjpyhf. ??????????????????????????????
34. V/I/Mh;/1933 gp/rp/ 202 bjhHpy;El;gky;yhkYk;. xU fiyapd; thrf';fs;,y;yhkYk;. kpFjpahd befpGk; jd;ikbfhz;l xd;iw nkYk; gad;gLj;jyhk;. M';fpy rl;lj;jpw;F Kd;gpd; mwpag;glhj NH;epiyfSk; kw;Wk; gw;Ws;s gpujpepjpj;Jtj;jpd; tif kw;Wk; juKila,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;ij cs;sl';fpa ehl;oDld; mQqFk;nghJ (ntWtpj epiyahd Vw;ghl;ow;F kj;jpapy;) rl;lkpaw;Wk; mjpfhuf;FG mjid fz;og;ghf epidt[bfhs;Sjy;ntz;Lk;/,r;r';fjpfspd; ghh;itapy; KoahJ. Mdhy;. mth;fspd; ePjpaurh;fshy; fz;og;ghd M';fpy rl;lj;Jiwr; brhy; tpLgl;Ls;sij Cfpj;J ca;j;JzuKoa[k;. nkYk;. Fiwthf tiuaWf;fg;gl;l @gw;Ws;s gpujpepjpfs;@ brhw;bwhliu cs;nehf;fKlDk; kw;Wk; fye;jhuha;e;Jk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ/ v';F N:H;epiyf;Fhpa xt;bthU tHf;fpd; rhpahd tpilf;fhf rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; vGk;g[fpd;w nfs;tpahf Kjy; eltof;ifapy; jug;gpduhf m';fpUe;J,uz;lhtJ eltof;ifapYk; jug;gpdhpd; gw;Ws;s gpujpepjpahf,Uf;fpwhuh> vd;w tphpthd bghUs;tpsf;fj;jpDs;,e;j mth;fspd; ePjpaurh;fshy; cilikahff; fUjg;gl;lJ/ Kjy; tpyf;Ff;Twpid jpUk;gpg;ghh;f;ifapy; Kjy; eltof;ifapd; jug;gpdh;fs;,uz;lhtJ eltof;ifapYk; jug;gpdh;fspd; rk;ge;jkhf Kjy; eltof;ifapy; cs;s vGtpdhtpy; *ve;j r';fjpfshf Twg;gl;l rhd;Wiufs;* bjhlh;ghd gw;Ws;s gpujpepjpfshf,Ue;jpUf;fntz;Lk; vd;gJ ePjpaurh;fspd; fUJepiyapy; njitg;gLfpwJ/ thhpRhpikah;fs; kw;Wk; brhj;Jhpik cwt[fSf;fhd tHf;Ffs; kl;Lky;yhJ. v';F ePoj;jpUf;Fk;,t;tpuz;L epge;jidfs; gpd;tUk; tHf;FfSk; mjpy; cs;sl';fpa[s;sJ. mjhtJ (1) Kjy; eltof;ifapy; Twg;gLk; bra;jp,uz;lhtJ eltof;ifapd; bjhlh;g[ila jug;gpdhpd; mf;fiwa[ld; xj;jpUf;fntz;Lk;. nkYk;. Kjy; eltof;ifapy; m';Fs;s bjhlh;g[ila jug;gpdhpd; mf;fiwf;F khwhf,Uj;jy;TlhJ kw;Wk; (2) Kjy; eltof;ifapYs;s Fwpg;ghd vGtpdhtpw;F,t;tpUtuhYk; gjpyspg;gjpYs;s mf;fiw xnukhjphpahf cs;sJ vd;gjhFk;/ Kjy; tifaj;jpDs; ntWtpjkhd tHf;FfSk; cs;sl';fpapUf;ff;TLk;/ Mdhy;. nkw;brhd;d epge;jidfis xUntis,t;tpUtUk; g{h;j;jp bra;jpUe;jhy;. Kjy; eltof;ifapYs;s Fwpg;ghd vGtpdh rk;ge;jkhf,uz;lhtJ eltof;ifapd; bjhlh;g[ila jug;gpdh; Kjy; eltof;ifapd; bjhlh;g[ila jug;gpdiu cs;sgoahf Kjy; eltof;ifapYk; rhh;ghsuhapUe;jghh;.,uz;lhtJ eltof;ifapd; jug;gpdh; ed;bfhil gpujpepjpahf epyj;jpYs;sthW,yf;fz tpjpg;goa[k; kw;Wk; cz;ikahft[k; tpthpf;fg;gl;oUf;Fk”;/ 68/ *gpwh; eyd; bgw;w bgauhsh;* vd;w thh;j;ij kWKidapy; gue;j bfhs;ifa[ilajhf mh;j;j';bfhs;sntz;Lk;. nkYk;. thhpRhpikahsh;fs; kw;Wk; brhj;Jhpik cwt[fs; v';Fs;snjh mt;tHf;Ffis fl;Lg;gLj;jhJ/ mth; gpe;ija eltof;ifapy; jug;gpdhpd; mt;thwhd gpujpepjpahf,Ug;ghh;/,t;tHf;fpd; tplaj;jpw;Fs; cz;lhf;fg;gl;l,uz;L nrhjidfSf;F tpilaspg;gjpy;. Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; eyDld; mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf capy; rhrdj;ij epiwntw;wpapUg;gtUld; nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; eyd; Kuz;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; thJiuf;f,ayhJ mth;fSila eydpw;F mJ epr;rakhf vjph;khwhdjy;y/,e;j capy; rhrdk; epiwntw;whsh; kw;Wk; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khshy; cz;ikahfnt mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ mjdhy;. *m* jug;gpduhf ml';fpa[s;s,t;tpuz;L egh;fspd; eydhd. ghj;jpaijapd; ghJfhg;bgJnth. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; eyDlD';Tl,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij ek;gfkhf Kot[w,aYk;/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F fPH; mth;fspd; jiyg;gpid bgwtpy;iy vd;gJ cz;ikahf,Uf;ff;TLk;/ Mdhy;. c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 11?,d; fPHhd tHf;fpY';Tl epiwt[bra;ag;gl;l Mf;ff;TWfSlDk;. rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. Gphpt[ 33?,d; fPHhd njitfSlDk; FHg;gk; bfhs;sf;TlhJ/ eLtUf;F Kd;g[ jug;gpdh;fs; vtnuh. vjph;nky;? KiwaPl;lhsh; Mjuthft[k; epiwntw;whsh; kw;Wk; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khSf;F vjpuhf F/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 145?,d; eltof;ifapy; nkw;bfhz;l nfs;tpfSf;F tpilaspg;gjpDs; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; eyd; fpilf;fpwJ vd;W thJiuf;f,ayhJ/ 10/5/1955?Mk; njjpapl;l tpsk;g[if kw;Wk; nkw;bfhz;l Kd;ndw;w';? fSlD';Tl capy; rhrdj;jpd; tHf;F bjspthf mikf;fg;? gl;Ls;sJ/ Mifahy;. K:d;whtJ tpyf;Ff;Twpd; mog;gilapyhd thJiua[';Tl v';fsplk; ntz;Lnfhs; tpLf;ftpy;iy/ *M* jug;gpdiu FWf;F tprhuiz bra;tjw;F m';fpUe;j re;jh;g;gk; kl;Lky;yhJTl. gad;gLj;jpf;? bfhs;sg;gl;lJ/ Kd;Tl;oa eltof;ifapDs; mspj;jpl;l jPh;Kot[fspd; jd;ikf;Fhpajd;kPJ rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 33?,d; bghUe;Jifa[';Tl rhh;e;jpUf;ftpy;iy/ gphpt[ 33?,d; fPH; ml';fpa[s;s bghUz;ikfspd; cz;ikia bka;g;gpg;gjw;F bjhlh;ghf rhl;rpak; vLg;gjw;F rl;lj;jhy; epr;rakhf m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;l eLth; Kd;g[ Kd;djhd eltof;ifapy; bfhLf;f Kw;gl;l rhd;whtzk;?gp/7 kw;Wk; rhd;whtzk; gp/13?';Tl (epiwntw;whshpd; thf;FK:yk;) cz;ikbad,e;j rhl;rpaj;jpd; mog;gilapy; eh';fs; fUJfpnwhk;/ 69/ nkYk; v';fshy; bjhLf;fg;gl;l nfs;tpahdJ rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rpfs;,UtUk;,we;Jnghdhh;fs; vd;w r';fjpia. khwhf bghUl;gLj;jhjepiyapy;. rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 69?,d; fPnH bka;g;gpf;fntz;oa tplaKk;. rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 68?,d; fPnH bka;g;gpf;fntz;oa tplaKk; xnuepiyg;gl;ljh> vd;gjhFk;/ kWKidapy;.,e;jpa thhpRhpikr; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 63?,d; fPH; cs;shfpa capy; rhrd tHf;FfspYk;. rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 68?,d; fPGk; jd;Dila rhd;bwhg;gj;ij epU:gpg;gjw;F Fiwe;jJ xU rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rpapid tprhhpg;gJ kl;Lky;yhJ kw;bwhU. rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rpapd; rhd;bwhg;gj;ija[';Tl mth; fl;lhak; bka;g;gpf;fntz;Lk; vd;gJ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;/ (fhz;f 1995 (6) v!;/rp/rp/ 213),e;j capy; rhrdk; kw;Wk; rhd;bwhg;gj;ij bka;g;gpg;gjw;F j';Fjilapy;yhkypUf;ifapy;. rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rp xUtiu tprhhpg;gjdhYk;. kw;bwhU rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rpapDila rhd;bwhg;gj;ija[';Tl bka;g;gpg;gJ jd;dhy; kl;Lky;yhJ. gjtp tfpg;gtUf;FhpaJkhFk;/ epiwntw;whshpd; rhd;bwhg;gj;ij,t;tpuz;L rhl;rpfshYk; bka;g;gpf;fntz;Lbkd;w rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 69?,d; fPHhd rl;lj; njitfspDs; tpHj;jtwptpl;lJ vd;gJ vjph;thjpfspd; thJiuahFk;/ rhd;whtzk; gp/7 thapyhf v';fis vLj;Jr;brd;w gpd;dh; nkw;brhd;d thf;FK:yj;jpY';Tl kw;bwhU rhl;rpapd;. mjhtJ. lhf;lh; rp/v!;/ uhkrhkp Iah; rhd;bwhg;gk; gw;wp rhl;rpahdth; rhl;rpak; mspf;ftpy;iy vd;gij bjspthf mjpy; Rl;of;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ/ mjw;Fkhwhf. rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 69?,d;go rhd;bwhg;gkhdJ Fiwe;jgo rhd;Wiuj;j rhl;rp xUth; jdJ ifbaGj;jpy;jhd; cs;sJ vd;gij epU:gpj;jy; njitahdJ vd;W Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wj;jhy; xg;gspj;J fz;lwpag;gl;lJ vd;gJ nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; thJiuahFk;/,J capyth; ifbaGj;jhdJ epiwntw;wg;gl;l Mtzj;jpy; me;j eghpd; ifbaGj;jpy;,Ue;jJ vd;gJ eP';fyhf bka;g;gpg;gJ fl;lhakhFk;/ 70/ rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 68?,y; cs;sl';fpa njitfspypUe;J gpwH;t[fis rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 69 btspg;gLj;jpf;fhl;LfpwJ vd;gJ v';fSila fUj;JepiyahFk;/,e;j capy; rhrd tHf;fpDs;,e;jpa tHpa[hpik rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 63?,y; epiwntw;wg;gLtjw;F njitahd tHpKiwfspd;go v';F Xh; rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rpfs; fpilf;ff;TLbkdpy; mtiu tprhhpj;J capiy bka;g;gpf;fntz;Lk;/ Mdhy; mth; jd;Dila rhd;bwhg;gj;ij epU:gpg;gJ kl;Lky;yhJ rhd;Wiuj;j kw;bwhU rhl;rpapd; rhd;bwhg;gj;ija[';Tl mth; epU:gpf;fntz;oaJ mtrpakhFk;/ v';F xU rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rp capy; rhrdk; my;yJ kw;w Mtz';fspd; epiwntw;Wifia epidt[Tw,ayhknyh my;yJ kWj;jhnyh ntW Mtz';fSf;fpilapy; capy; rhrdj;ij epU:gpg;gjw;F vLj;Jr;brhy;Yk; ntW rhl;rpaj;ij mDkjpf;Fk; rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 71?,y; rpe;jpf;fg;gl;Ls;s NHikt[fSf;F cl;gl;lJ vd;gjpy; re;njfkpy;iy/ ntWtifapy;. rl;lj;jpd;go rhd;bwhg;gk; njitg;gLfpw xU Mtzj;jpd;fPH; capy;tHp chpikah; my;yJ khw;wYf;Fhpathpd;,Wjp tpist[ rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rpapd; jait Kw;wpYkhf vjph;ghh;j;jepiyapy; itf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;Wk;. nkYk;. rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rpahy; Mtzj;jpd; epiwntw;Wifia vjph;khwhf kWj;Js;snghjpYk;. Mtzj;jpd; tpisgaid bka;g;gpg;gjw;F rl;lk;,ayr;bra;fpwJ/ 71/ rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 69?f;F kPz;Lk; bry;ifapy; m';Fs;s njitfshdJ Mtzj;ij epiwntw;wpa eghpd; ifbahg;gj;ij mtUila ifbaGj;jpy;,Ue;jJ vd;W xUntis epU:gpj;jpUe;jhy;. mjd;gpd; rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rpfspy; xUtuJ rhd;bwhg;gk; mtUila ifbaGj;jpypUe;jJ vd;W epU:gpf;fntz;Lk;/ ntWtifapy; rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 69?,d; fPH; te;jilfpd;w tHf;fpy; rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 68?f;F rhh;g[ila njitfshdJ,t;tpuz;L rhl;rpfspDila rhd;bwhg;gj;ij Fiwe;j mstpnyDk; rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rp xUtiuahtJ tprhhpj;J bka;g;gpf;fntz;Lk; vd;gij tpl;blhHpf;fpwJ/ rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 69?,d; bghUs;tpsf;fj;jpDs; rhd;Wiuj;j kw;bwhU rhl;rpapd; rhd;bwhg;gk; bjhlh;g[ila rhl;rpaj;ij cl;bfhz;L rhd;Wiuj;j rhl;rpahy; mspf;fg;gl;l rhd;W mJthf,Uf;fyhbkd;Wk;. Mdhy; rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 69?My; ghJfhf;fg;gl;Ls;s tHf;Ffspy; rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l,t;tpuz;L rhl;rpfshYk; epU:gpf;fg;glntz;Lk; vd;gJ rl;lj;jpd; njitg;ghLfs; vd Twg;gl;oUg;gJ xnukhjphpahd tplaky;y vd;gjhFk;/ RUf;fkhf rhl;rpar; rl;lk; gphpt[ 69?,d; fPH; K:lg;gl;Ls;s tHf;fpy; bka;g;gpf;fntz;oaJ vd;dbtdpy;. rhd;Wiuj;j rhl;rpfs; rk;ge;jkhf bghWj;jtiuapy;. rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rp xUtuJ rhd;bwhg;gkhtJ mtUila ifbaGj;jpy;,Ue;jplntz;Lk;/ rl;lg;gphpty; cs;s fUj;J bjspthft[k; kw;Wk; Iag;ghod;wpa[k; cs;sJ/,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; bghUs;bfhs;sg;gl;lthW rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 68 rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rpfs;,UtuJ rhd;bwhg;gKk; bka;g;gpf;fntz;Lk; vd rpe;jpf;fpwJ/ Mdhy; rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 69?,d; njitg;ghLfs; mJty;y/ 72/,g;nghJ rhd;whtzk; gp/7?f;F eh';fs; jpUk;g[fpnwhk;/ ed;fike;jjhdJ mjid KGtJkhf eh';fs; ftdpf;fpnwhk;: @,we;Jnghd u';frhkp eha[Lit ehd; ed;fwpntd;/ mth; xU capy; rhrdj;ij vGjp vd;dplk; rhd;bwhg;gkpLkhW nfl;lhh;/ ehd; brd;nwd;/ mth; vd;id rhd;Wiuf;Fk;go nfl;lhh;/ Kjy; ifbaGj;jhdJ vd;DilaJ/ me;j capy; rhrdk; rhd;whtzk; gp/68 MFk;/ xt;bthU gf;fKk;,we;Jnghdtuhy; ifbahg;gkplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ mth; filrp gf;fj;jpy; ifbaGj;jpl;lgpwF ehd; rhl;rpahf ifbahg;gk; bra;njd;/ kUj;Jth; rp/v!;/ uhkrhkp Iah; jhd; uhkehjg[uj;jpYs;s kUj;JtuhFk;/ mtU';Tl cldpUe;jhh;/ gjpt[ bra;jnghJ ehd; cldpUe;njd;/ rhh; gjpthsh; tPl;ow;F te;jhh;/ rhh;?gjpthsh; Kd;g[ ehD';Tl ifbahg;gkpl;nld;/,we;Jnghdth; neha[w;wpUe;jhh;/ mtuhy; tpla';fis g[hpe;Jbfhs;s Koe;jJ/ ehd; xU tUkhd thp bjhHpy; g[hpgth;/ FWf;F tprhuiz: me;j rkaj;jpy;,we;Jnghdthpd; tPl;oypUe;J 1\ my;yJ 2 iky; J}uj;jpYs;s,lj;jpy; trpj;J te;njd;/,we;Jnghdthpd; tPl;ow;F fhiy 10/30 kzpastpy; ehd; brd;nwd;/ ehd; m';F brd;wgpd;dnu kUj;Jth; te;jhh;/ mth; fhiy 11/30 kzpastpy; te;jhh;/ kUj;Jth;,e;j Mtzj;ij rhd;bwhg;gkpLtjw;fhf te;jhuh> my;yJ mtiu ftdpg;gjw;F te;jhuh> vd;gJ vdf;Fj; bjhpahJ/ gpw;gfy; xU kzpastpy; gpd;dh; rhh;gjpthsh; te;jhh;/ rhh;?gjpthsh; te;jila[k;tiuapy; ehd; j';fpapUe;njd;/ Mdhy; kUj;Jth; brd;Wtpl;lhh;/ gpw;gfy; 1/30 kzpapypUe;J 2/00 kzpf;Fs;shf rhh;gjpthsh; brd;Wtpl;lhh;/ gpd;dh; kUj;Jth; jpUk;gtpy;iy/ kUj;Jth; m';F bkhj;jj;jpy; gjpide;J epkpl fhyj;jpw;F,Ue;jhh;/ mth; xU kUe;J Crp brYj;jpaJ ehd; epidt[ bfhz;Ls;nsd;/ Mdhy; ehd; mjpy; cWjpahf,y;iy/ ehd; m';F brd;wpUe;jnghJ capy; rhrdk; Vw;bfdnt jl;lr;R bra;ag;gl;oUe;jJ. u';frhkp eha[L gLf;ifapy; fple;jhh;. FHha; tHpahf mtUf;F czt[ bfhLf;fg;gl;oUe;jJ/ ehd; m';fpUe;jnghJ mtUf;F xUKiw czt[ tH';fg;gl;oUe;jJ/ Mdhy; mtUf;F kUe;J VnjDk; mspf;fg;gl;ljh> vd;W ehd; epidtpy; bfhs;stpy;iy/ gf;f';fs; 1 kw;Wk; 4?,y; cs;s ikg;gFjpfs; Mtzj;jpd; eLg;gFjpapy; ahuhy; vGjg;gl;oUe;jJ vd;gJ vdf;F bjhpahJ/ ahh; mij vGjpdhbud;Wk; kw;Wk; ahh; mij jl;lr;R bra;jhh;fs; vd;Wk; m';F mof;ifbahg;gkpl? tpy;iy/,we;JnghdtUf;F jiyapy; xU typkpifik,Ue;J te;jJ. mth; mtjpa[w;Wf;bfhz;oUe;jhh;/ mth; typapYk;. ntjidapYk;,Ue;Jte;jhh;/ ehd; mthpd; cly;eyj;jpy; mf;fiwbfhz;ltuhf mtUf;F Fiwe;j bjhy;iyfs; bfhLj;njd;. rkaj;jpy; typ kw;Wk; KGr; nrhh;tpypUe;J kPsg;bgWk;? bghUl;L mth; mikjpahf gLj;Jf;bfhs;thh;/ mtiu bjhe;jut[ bra;antz;lhbkd;W eh';fs; mtiu nfl;nlhk;/ jl';fy;-jLj;Jitj;jy;/ xt;bthU epkplKk; mth; Raepidt[lndh my;yJ ghjp Raepidt[lndh my;yJ brayw;Wfple;jhuh> vd;W vd;dhy; TwapayhJ/ kW?tprhuiz/ mth; vd;dplk; ngrpanghJ Raepidt[ld;,Ue;jhh;/ (ifbahg;gk;) gp/ bt';flrhkp eha[L. 1/2/56 jpwe;j ePjpkd;wj;jpy; vd;dhy; vLf;fg;gl;L thrpf;fg;gl;L kw;Wk; rhpbad;W xg;g[f;bfhs;sg;gl;lJ/ (ifbahg;gk;) nf/v!;/ eurpk;kd;. 1/2/56@ 73/,e;jpa rhl;rpar; rl;lk;. gphpt[ 69 kw;Wk; Xh; jd;ik Fwpj;J,e;j fl;lj;jpy; v';fshY';Tl epWj;jpitg;gJ fl;lhakhFk; m';F tifbra;ag;gl;l Kiwg;go capy; rhrdj;ij bka;g;gpg;gJ Fwpj;J gphpt[ 69 TWfpwJ/ *bka;g;gpj;jy;* vd;Dk; brhy; rhl;rpar; rl;lk; gphpt[ 3?,y; gpd;tUkhW tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ:- @bka;g;gpj;jy; ? xU bghUz;ik vg;nghJ bka;g;gpf;fg;gl;lJ vd;W TWg;gLbkd;why;. mjd; Kd;ghd r';fjpfisg; ghprPypj;jgpwF ePjpkd;wk;,uz;obyhd;W csjhapUg;gij xg;g[f;bfhz;nlh my;yJ tHf;fpy; mt;thW epfHf;Toa N:H;epiyfspd;fPH; Fwpg;ghf csjhapUf;fpd;w Kw;nfhSf;Fhpajd;kPJ Kd;kjpa[s;s kdpjh; eilKiwapy; bray;gl;oUg;gij ghprPypj;jpUf;f? ntz;Lk;/@ 74/ Mifahy;. mjd; Kd;ghd rhl;rpak; Fwpj;Jk;. bka;g;gpf;fg;gl;l rhl;rpaj;jpy; btspg;gLj;jg;gl;l bghUz;ikia ePjpkd;wj;jhy; ek;g,aYkh> vd;gnj tpdhthf,Uf;fpwJ/,jid bjspt[gLj;Jtjw;fhf eh';fs; TWfpnwhk;/ xU tHf;fpy; gphpt[ 69?,d; fPHhd njitg;ghLfis m';Fs;s rhd;Wfs; cWjpbra;tjhf njhd;Wkhapd; gphpt[ 69?,d; njitg;ghLfs; bka;g;gpf;fg;gl;ljh> vd;gij fz;lwptJk; kw;Wk; rhl;rpaj;jpy; jd;Dila ftdj;ij brYj;Jk; RikapypUe;J,e;ePjpkd;wk; tpLgltpy;iy/ ntWtifapy; rhl;rpfspd; neh;ikj;jd;ika[k; kw;Wk; rhl;rpaj;jpd; ek;gfj;jd;ika[k; ePjpkd;wk; vg;nghJk; ePsepidg;gjw;fhd tplakhFk;/,e;j tHf;ifg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. rhd;Wiuj;j rhl;rpapd; xUtuJ rhl;rpak; gp/7?,y; cs;sl';fpa[s;sJ/ nkYk;. mth; tUkhdthp bjhHpy;g[hpgth; vd;gij epiyehl;o gphpt[ 33?,d; fPH; bjhlh;g[ilaij eh';fs; fz;lwpe;njhk;/ mth; u';fRthkp eha[Lthy; miHj;J jhd; capy; rhrdk; vGjpapUg;gjhf mtUf;F jfty;bfhLj;J. nkYk;. mjpy; rhd;bwhg;gkpLtjw;F milahs';fhl;lg;? gl;Ls;shh;/ cz;ikapy; md;iwa jpdk; m';F bry;tjw;FhpajpY';Tl rhd;Wiuf;f mtiu nfl;ldh;/ xt;bthU gf;fj;jpYk; capyth; ifbaGj;jpl;lJ gw;wpa[k;. mth; ifbaGj;jpl;lJ gw;wpa[';Tl Twpa[s;shh;/ Mjyhy;. rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rpfspy; xUth; jd;Dila ifbaGj;jpy;,Ug;gij bka;g;gpj;J. gphpt[ 69?,y; ifbahg;gk; rk;ge;jkhd njitg;ghLfis mth; epiyehl;oajpy; re;njfkpy;iy/ thf;FK:yj;ij re;njfpg;gjw;F fhuzkpy;iy vd;gij eh';fs; fhz;fpnwhk;/ capythpd; ifbahg;gj;ij bghWj;jtiuapy; gp/13 cs;s gp/7?,ypUe;J eP';fyhf capyth; ifbaGj;jpllij epiwntw;whsh; ciuahoa[s;shh;/ nkYk;. m/rh/1 capy; rhrdk; jd;dplk; fhz;gpf;fg;gl;lJ vd;Wk;. xt;bthU gf;fj;jpYk; je;ijtHp rpw;wg;gDila ifbaGj;J bfhz;lij xg;g[f;bfhz;Lk; rhl;rpakspj;Js;shh;/ vdnt gphpt[ 69?,d; fPHhd capy; rhrd mWjp rhd;Wf;fhd njitg;ghLfs; epiwt[bra;ag;gl;ld/ gp/10?I rhh;epiyr; rhd;whf tuntw;wpUg;gJ rl;lg;goahdjh> 75/ gp/10?Md capy; rhrd rhd;wpl;l efiy Vw;Wf;bfhz;oUg;gJ rl;lj;jpdhnyh my;yJ bghUz;ikapdhnyh jhf;FjYf;F Mshff;Toajh> F/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 145?,d; fPHhd eltof;iffspy; eLth; Kd;ghf mspf;fg;gl;l capy; rhrdk; gp/68?Mf,e;j tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk; fz;lwpe;jJ/,J gp/68 cz;ikahd capy; rhrdky;y vd;w vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; thJiufis xJf;fp js;spagpd;duhFk;/ capy; rhrdj;jpd; rhh;epiyr; rhd;Wf;F. mjhtJ gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l capy; rhrdj;jpd; rhd;wpl;l efypd; bka;ikia mspj;jJ. vjpuhd kWg;g[iuapYs;s Fiwthd ew;TWfis,e;j tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk; fz;lwpe;jJ/ cz;ikapy;. capy; rhrdk; gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij fhz;gpf;f X[1] kw;wk; gp/7 gotj;jpy; v';fsplk; rhd;Ws;sJ/ 76/ u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; tpjitahd Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khspd; cld;gpwe;jth; kfdhd epiwntw;whsUld; cz;ikahfnt capy; rhrdj;jpd; mry; bjhlh;e;J,Ue;jJ vd;gJ nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; tHf;fhFk;/ epiwntw;whsh; fhy";brd;wgpd;g[. mjdog;gilapy; mtUila kfd; mry; tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzj;ij cilikahff; bfhz;Ls;shh;.,iag[ila rkaj;jpy; mspg;gjw;fhd mry; tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzk; fpilf;fg;bgWtjw;fhd xU Kaw;rp bra;ag;gl;lJ/ rp/1?My; tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzj;ij jhf;fy; bra;tjw;fhf mth; miHf;fg;gl;lhh;/ mry; tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzk; mthplk;,y;iy vd;gijr; Rl;of;fhl;o mth; vjph;j;Jiuj;jhh;/ tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzj;ij bka;g;gpg;gjw;F bfhLj;j rhh;epiyr; rhd;wpid Vw;Wf;bfhs;Sk; NH;epiyfs;,Ue;jij Kjy; nky;KiwaP;l;L ePjpkd;wj;jhy; cWjpbra;ag;gl;lthW,e;j tprhuiz ePjpkd;wKk; fz;lwpe;jJ/ cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; vLf;fg;gl;l fUJepiyia cWjpbra;a,ayhJ. nkYk; btt;ntwhd fUJepiyia vLg;gjw;F fhuzkpy;iy vd;W eh';fs; fhz;fpnwhk;/ 77/ K/t/ vz; 71-1958 kw;Wk; K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,d; eltof;ifapy; Mh;/ fpUc&;zk;khshy; Kjd;KjypYk; mjd;gpd;dh;. K/t/ vz; 36-1963?,Yk; v';fs; Kd;g[ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSs;s thjpfshYk; tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzk; btspg;gilahfj; njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ cz;ikahf,Uf;ff;TLk;/ vdpDk;.,e;j tplak; tprhuizf;F bry;ytpy;iy/ tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzk; rhl;rpar; rl;lj;jpd;fPH; bka;g;gpf;fntz;Lnk jtpu K/t/ vz; 36-1963?Ys;s tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzj;jpd; bka;ik mog;gilapyhd jPh;g;ghizia Mjhukhff;bfhz;L nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; vLf;fg;gl;lthW Kuz;jil vjph;thjj;Jld; Fwpg;gpl;ly;y vd;gnj v';fsJ fUj;Jepiya[';Tl. nkYk;. xj;jpirtpw;F';Tl vjph;nky;;KiwaPl;lhsh; jug;gpdh;fshf g';nfw;ftpy;iy. Mdhy;. tHf;fpd; bghUz;ikfs; tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzk; rk;ge;jkhf rhh;epiy rhd;wpid Vw;gjw;F mjpfhuk; bfhLf;ftpy;iy vd;gij fz;lwpe;jjpy; mJ beLe;bjhiytpyhd ntz;LnfhshFk;/ tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzk;: u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; capy; rhrdk; cz;ikj;jd;ik cilajh> VnjDk; fhuzj;jpdog;gilapy; mJ tpHyhfpd;wjh> 78/ capy; rhrdj;jpy; eh';fs; ftdpj;Js;s bjhlh;g[ila gFjpfs; gpd;tUkhW: @1995?Mk; Mz;L nk jp';fs; 10?Mk; njjp cg;gpypg;ghisak; jhYfh. nfhak;g[j;J}h;. vz;lgps;sh; bt';flRthkp eha[L kfdhd jpU/ tp/ u';fRthkp eha[Lthy; epiwntw;wg;gl;l filrp capy;rhrdk; kw;Wk;,Wjp tpUg;gg; gj;jpuk;/ vdJ brhe;j chpikfshYk; kw;Wk;,';Fs;s ml;ltiz *m*?tpy; tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;s mirahr; brhj;Jfs; jdpg;gl;ljhft[k;. g{uzkhft[k; vdf;F brhe;jkhdjhFk;/ 1932?,y; jpU/ Mh;/tp/,yl;;Rikah eha[L vd;fpw vdJ rnfhjuUf;Fk; vdf;Fk;,ilnaahd FLk;g ghfg;gphptpidapy; vdf;F xJf;fg;gl;lJk; kw;Wk; vd;dhy; th';fg;bgw;w brhj;Jf;fshdit,e;j cilikfspy; cs;sl';Fk;/ nkYk;. 1932 Kjw;bfhz;L ehd; gphpf;fg;gl;l cWg;gpduhd njjpapypUe;J jdpg;gl;l ghj;jpaijapYk; kw;Wk; mDnghfj;jpYk; ehsJ njjptiu mt;thwhf bjhlh;e;jpUe;J tUfpnwd;/,d;W vdJ gphpf;fg;gl;l rKjhag;goepiyapd;go Xh; jpwe;j tpsk;g[if rk;ge;jkhf bra;jjpYs;s VnjDk; epiyaw;witfisa[';Tl ehd; jtph;f;fntz;Lk;/ mirahr; brhj;Jfsd;wpa[k;.,';Fs;s *M* ml;ltizapy; tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;s buhf;fk; kw;Wk;,ju bjhiffSf;F ehd; chpika[s;std;/ ehd; ePz;lfhyk; capy;thGk; epiy,y;yhjjhYk;. vdJ jaf;fj;jpd; fhuzj;jpdhy;Tlt[k;. nkYk;. vdJ Fiwthd gyj;jhYk; kw;Wk; rkPgfhy Fd;wpa cly;ey mwpFwpapd; fhuzj;jhYk;,';Fs;s Kiwg;go vdJ cilikfs; gw;wpa mjpfhuKiwahd rhd;wwpf;ifia ehd; mspj;jpUf;fntz;Lk;/ ehd; vdJ kdtypikia KGtJkhff; bfhz;oUf;ftpy;iy/ ehd;,e;j capy;rhrdj;jpd; fPH; nkl;Lg;ghisaj;ijr; nrh;e;j f';fs;shh; bt';flRthkp eha[Ltpd; g[j;jpuuhd jpU uhkre;jpu eha[Lit KGepiy Kaw;rpa[ld; Toa cs;nehf;f';fSlDk;. nkYk; rpe;jpj;J Muha;e;Jk; kw;Wk; MH;e;j ghprPyidf;Fg; gpd;dnu epakpj;J,e;j capy; rhrdk; kw;Wk;,Wjp tpUg;gg; gj;jpuj;ij,aw;Wfpnwd;/ ml;ltiz *m*?tpy; fz;Ls;s midj;J epyj;ijf; bfhz;Ls;s vdJ cilikfisa[k; kw;Wk; vdJ tPl;ila[k; Ma[l;fhyk; KGtJk; vdJ kidtpf;F ehd; capy;tHp chpikia mspf;fpnwd;/ guhjPdk; bra;a mtSf;F mjpfhukpy;iy. Mdhy;. epyj;jpypUe;J tUfpd;w tUthia Ja;j;Jzut[k; kw;Wk; mtw;iw epUtfpf;ft[';Tl mtSf;F chpikaspf;fpnwd;/ epyj;ijf; bfhz;Ls;s brhj;JfspypUe;J tUfpd;w tUthapid vdJ kidtp jd;Dila brhe;j FLk;gr; bryt[fisa[k; kw;Wk; tPl;Lg; guhkhpg;g[fisa[k; re;jpj;j gpd;dnu vdJ rnfhjhpfspd; FLk;gj;jpYs;s rpwg;g[ tpnrc&';fs; kw;Wk; epfH;epiy rl';FKiw? fSf;fhd brytpd';fis re;jpf;fntz;Lbkd;gJ vd;Dila cskhh;e;j tpUg;gkhFk;/ vdJ kidtpapd; Ma[l;fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dh;,e;j brhj;Jfs; tp/ u';fRthkp. 2/ /// / / ml;ltiz *m*?tpy; cs;sitfs; vdJ rnfhjhpfspd; kfd;fshd gpd;tUk; egh;fSf;F KGikahft[k; kw;Wk; rhprkkhft[k; brd;wila[k;/ 1) vd;Dila rnfhjhp jhak;khspd; kfd; tp/ fy;ahzrhkp eha[L. 2) vdJ K:d;whtJ rnfhjhp ehfk;khspd; kfd; Mh;/ brse;juuh$;. 3) vdJ ehd;fhtJ rnfhjhp u';fehafp mk;khspd; kfd; v/ mHfphpRthkp. 4) vdJ filrp rnfhjhp fpUc&;zk;khs; kfd; Mh;/ mHfphpRthkp/,e;j ehd;F egh;fSk; j';fsJ FLk;g';fSf;fhf brhj;Jfis Kiwahf itj;jpUf;fntz;L? bkd;Wk;. nkYk;. mitfis guhjPdk; bra;af; TlhJ. Mdhy; njitahd NHypy; Kjy; jWthapy; mitfis VnjDk; kw;w g';Fjhuh;fSf;F mth;fs; tpw;fntz;Lk;/ ml;ltiz *M*?,y; U:/44.000-? (U:gha; ehw;gj;jp ehd;fhapuk; kl;Lnk)?Mf kjpg;gplg;gl;L tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;s buhf;fk; kw;Wk;,ju fhg;g[Wjp gj;jpu';fisa[k; vdJ kiwtpw;F gpd;dh; TLkhdtpiutpy; tN:ypj;J fPH;f;fz;l egh;fSf;F gpd;tUkhW brYj;jntz;Lk;/ 1) nkw;brhd;d jpU/ fy;ahzRthkpapd; kidtp jpUkjp mkph;jj;jpw;F U:/10.000/0/0 2) vdJ,uz;lhtJ rnfhjhp mk;kzp mk;khSf;F U:/10.000/0/0 3) vdJ K:d;whtJ rnfhjhp ehfk;khSf;F U:/8.000/0/0. 4) vdJ ehd;fhtJ rnfhjhp u';fehafp mk;khSf;F U:/8.000/0/0. 5) vdJ Ie;jhtJ kw;Wk; filrp rnfhjhpahd fpUc&;zk;khSf;F U:/8.000/0/0/ tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzj;jpd; fPHhd brhj;JfspypUe;J eP';fyhf ntWrpy tHptiffis vd; kidtpf;fhf ehd; Vw;bfdnt bra;Jtpl;nld;/ mtw;wpw;F,e;j tHptiffshy; ve;jtpjj;jpYk; ghjpg;gpy;iy/,t;tiff;F ml;ltizfSs; cs;sl';fg;glh mira[k; brhj;JfSf;F mts; chpika[s;stshths;////////// tp/ u';fRthkp. 3/ /////,J vd;Dila KjyhtJ capy;rhrdk; kw;Wk;,Wjp tpUg;gg; gj;jpukhFk;/ Ke;ija midj;J Kd;ndw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; cl;fUj;Jf;bfhz;l Kd;ndw;ghLfs;,jd;K:ykhf Kw;wpYkha; js;Sgo bra;ag;gLfpwJ/ vdJ Ma[l;fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dh;,e;j capy; mkYf;FtUk;/@ 79/,e;j capy; rhrdj;jpy; jdJ brhe;j bghWg;gpYk; kw;Wk; g{uzkhft[k;. ml;ltiz *m*?tpy; tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;s mirahr; brhj;Jfs; mtUf;F brhe;jkhdbjd;W capythpd; thrfj;ij capy; rhrdj;jpypUe;J fhzyhk;/ nkw;fz;l brhj;Jfs; 1932?,y; mtUf;Fk;. mtUila rnfhjuUf;Fkpilnaahd FLk;g ghfg;gphptpid tHpahf xJf;fg;gl;lJk; kw;Wk; mtuhy; th';fg;gl;l brhj;Jfs; cs;sl';fpajhf brhy;yg;gLfpwJ/ mth; 1932 Kjw;bfhz;L gphpf;fg;gl;l cWg;gpduhft[k; capy;rhrd njjptiu mt;thnw bjhlh;e;Jbfhz;oUg;gjhf nkYk; TWfpwhh;/,Wjpahf VnjDk; epiyaw;witfis jtph;f;Fk;bghUl;L,d;iwajpdk; jdJ gphpf;fg;gl;l rKjhag; goepiyapid btspg;gilahf;fp Xh; tpsk;g[if bra;jjhf mth; TWfpwhh;/ nkYk;. ml;ltizapy; fz;Ls;sthW mtUf;F chpika[s;s bjhiffis capy; rhrdj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ ml;ltiz *m*?tpDs; mtuJ tPL cs;sl';fyhf midj;J brhj;JfSk; guhjPdk; bra;a[k; mjpfhukpy;yhky; mtUila kidtpf;fhf tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ nkYk;. mth; jdJ kidtp tPl;L guhkhpg;g[. mtSila brhe;j FLk;gr; bryt[fis re;jpj;j gpd;dnu jdJ rnfhjhpfspd; FLk;gj;jpy; epfHf;Toa rpwg;g[ tpnrc&';fSf;Fk; kw;Wk; rl';FKiwfSf;Fkhd bryt[fis re;jpg;gjw;Fk;. epyj;ijf; bfhz;Ls;s brhj;JfspypUe;J tUk; tUthapid gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;tjw;F jhd; vjph;nehf;Ftjhf TWfpwhh;/ jd;Dila ehd;F rnfhjhpfspd; tHpahf jdJ cld;gpwe;jhh; kfd;fSf;F. mjhtJ. jd;Dila ehd;F cay;tHp chpikahsh;fSf;F mspj;jpl;lJ g{uzkhd jd;ikapy; m';F epiykhwhjpUf;fpwJ/,e;j capy;tHp chpikah; ehy;tUk; jj;jk; FLk;g';fSf;fhf cilikfis itj;jpUf;fntz;Lbkdt[k;. mtw;iw guhjPdk; bra;af;TlhJ vdt[k;. Mdhy;. njitg;gLk;nghJ kw;w VnjDk; g';Fjhuh;fSf;F Kjy; jUthapy; tpw;fntz;Lbkd;w jdJ cskhh;e;j tpUg;gj;jpid btspg;gLj;jpa[s;shh;/ capy;rhrdj;jpd; fPHhd cilikfspypUe;J eP';fyhf jd;Dila kidtpf;F Vw;bfdnt mth; ntW tHptiffis bra;jpUg;gJ filrp gFjpapYs;s Tw;wpd;go ftdpf;fg;glntz;oajhFk;/ 80/ vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; v';fsJ Kd;g[';Tl xnuepiyahd jd;ik Fwpj;J typa[Wj;jg;gl;lJ/ 1932?,y; rnfhjuh;fSf;fpilapy; tha;bkhHpahd ghfg;gphptpid,y;iybad;Wk;. capy;rhrdj;jpy; capyth; bra;j jpUj;jKoahjgo epiyf;Tw;W cz;ikaw;w capy;rhrdk; vd;W mJthfnt K:okiwf;fpd;w tHf;fhf njhw;Wtpf;fpwJ vd;W thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ 81/ capy;rhrdj;jpy; cs;s rPh;nflhd Tw;W gw;wpa jd;ik Fwpj;Jk;. capy;rhrdj;jpy; bra;j xl;Lbkhj;j rPh;nflhd Tw;wpdhy; Ia';bfhs;tjw;fhd epiyia vGg;gpa[s;sij ftdj;jpw;bfhs;sntz;Lk;/ capyth; xU tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzj;ij,aw;Wk;nghJ rPh;nflhd thf;FK:y';fis bra;tJ TlhJ vd;gJ,jpYs;s bfhs;ifahFk;/ xUntis mth; gh';fw;w cz;ikf;Fkhwhd thf;FK:yj;ij bfhLj;jpUe;jhy;. mth; tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzj;ij,aw;wtpy;iy vd;nw mDkhdpf;fntz;Lk;/,t;tHf;fpYs;s bghUz;ikfSf;F,e;j bfhs;iffs; bghUe;jhJ/ 1932?,y; ghfg;gphptpid bra;jJ mtUf;F xJf;fg;gl;ljhf TWtJ capythpd; bjspthd g[hpe;Jbfhs;SjyhFk;/ ePjpkd;wj;jpy;,e;j tplak; bghJ tpthjj;ij cUthf;fpa[s;sJ/ capytuhy; btspg;gLj;jg;gl;l fUj;Jepiy ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Mjuitg; bgwtpy;iy. Mdhy;. mJbthU Kw;wpYkhd bgha; Tw;wpid tpthpg;gJ beLe;bjhiytpy; cs;sJ/ capytuhy;,aw;wg;gl;l capy;rhrdj;jpy; mJ xU gFjpahf,Uf;Fk;tiuapy;. ePjpkd;wj;jhy; tH';fg;gl;l,JFwpj;j fz;lwpjy; vjph;thjpfspd; tHf;fpid Kd;ndw;whJ vd mth; ek;gpf;if bfhz;oUe;jhh;/ 82/ nkYk; eh';fs; fPH;f;fz;l nehf;f';fis ftdpj;Js;nshk;: u';fRthkp eha[L goj;jtuhthh;/ mth; xU Kd;dhs; vk;/vy;/rp/ Mthh;/ mth; xU brGikahd kdpjuhthh;/ mtUf;F thhpRfs; fpilahJ/ mtUila rnfhjhpfs;kPJ ghrk; bfhz;oUe;jhh;/ mth; jd;Dila rnfhjhpfspd; xt;bthUthpDila gphptpYk; xU g[jy;tiu njh;t[bra;J capy;tHp chpikahsh;fshd mth;fsplk; cilikfs; milt[wntz;Lbkd xt;bthU gphptpdUf;Fk; Mjuthf tpUg;gk; bjhptpj;Js;shh;/ cilikfs; FLk;gj;jpy; epiyj;jpUf;fntz;Lbkd;Wk;. nkYk;. capy;tHp chpikah;fSs; vtnuDk; xUth; tpw;fntz;Lbkdpy;. mtw;iw kw;w capy;tHp chpikah;fSf;F bfhLf;fntz;Lbkd;W cz;ikahfnt mtU';Tl tHptif bra;Js;shh;/ mthpd; cly;eyj;ijg; bghWj;jtiuapy; rPuhf jPh;khdpf;Fk; jpwdpd; njitfis cly;rhh;e;j eyj;Jld; FHg;gk; bfhs;sf;TlhJ vd;W ed;F epiyepWj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ/ Mjyhy;. xU eghpd; cly;rhh;e;j gpzpfSld; mthpd; rPuhf jPh;khdpf;Fk; jpwd; gwpnghff;TlhJ/ xU egUf;F cly;rhh;e;j neha[ld; Toa ntjida[k; my;yJ fLk; ntjid jUfpw typa[k; mthpd; capy; rhrdk;,aw;Wk; jpwid,Hf;fr;bra;ahJ vd;gJ cz;ikjhd; Kf;fpakhdJ vd;dbtdpy;. vd;d bra;antz;Lbkd;w mthpd; jPh;khdj;ij gpujpgypf;Fk;,e;j capy;rhrdk; kw;Wk; mth; vd;d bra;fpwhh; vd;gJgw;wpa Raepidt[ldpUe;jhuh> vd;gJjhd;/ mth; K:r;Rf;FHy; g[w;Wnehapdhy; mtjpa[w;Wte;jhh; vd;gJ cz;ikahf,Uf;ifapy;. capy; rhrdj;ij tpl;Lr;bry;tjw;fhd tplaj;jpy; jd;Dila kdepiyia cUthf;fpf;bfhs;tjpy; jpwdw;wtuhf mth;,Ue;jhh; vd;gjw;F rhl;rpaj;jpy; m';F mwpFwpfspy;iy/ mtUf;F FHha; tHpahf cztspf;fg;gLfpd;w epiyahdJ capy; rhrdk;,aw;wf;Toa mthpd; jpwid,Hf;fr;bra;ahJ/ nkYk;. me;j tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzk; gjpt[bra;ag;gl;l tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzk; vd;gij eh';fs; cd;dpg;ghf ftdpj;njhk;/ gjpthsh; tPl;ow;F te;Js;shh;/ rhd;whtzk; X[1] u';fRthkp eha[L mthpd; bgUtpuy; nuifia itg;gjw;F nfl;lnghjpYk; ifbahg;gkpLtijna mth; tw;g[Wj;jpdhh; vd;gij fhz;gpf;fpwJ/,t;thwhd eltof;iffs; v';fsJ fUj;Jepiyg;go tpla';fspd; kPjhd,Wjp ePjpkd;wj;jhYk;. Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wj;jhYk; rhpahf kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ mjw;F Kuz;ghlhf tiuag;gl;l Kot[r;bray; v';fs; Kd;g[ ntz;Lnfhs;tpLf;ftpy;iy/ FLk;g ez;gUk; kw;Wk; ngustpy; g[fH;bgw;w kUj;JtUkhd lhf;lh; rp/v!;/ uhkrhkp Iah;jhd; kw;bwhU rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rp vd;gJ rhl;rpa';fspypUe;J';Tl bjspthfpwJ/ nkw;brhd;d kUj;Jth; fhykhdnghJ,wg;g[ bra;jpia gpuRhpj;jij vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; rhh;ghd rhl;rp m/rh/1?Mdth; mtuhfnt xg;g[f;bfhz;Ls;shh;/ m/rh/1 rl;lj;jpw;F khwhd Kiwapy; mth; bray;glkhl;lhh; vd;Wk; kw;Wk; xU gz;ghsh; vdt[k; mtiug;gw;wp Twpa[s;shh;/ gp/7?,y; kw;bwhU rhd;bwhg;gkpl;l rhl;rpa[';Tl m';F v";rpapUf;Fk; kUj;Jtiug;gw;wp ngrpa[s;shh; nkYk;. te;jpUe;j gjpthsh; Kd;g[ re;njfj;ij tpl;Litf;ftpy;iy/ kw;wgo rhl;rpar; rl;lk; gphpt[ 69?f;fhd njitg;ghLfs; epiwt[bra;J epw;gij eh';fs; Vw;bfdnt jPh;khdpj;Js;nshk;/,yl;Rikah eha[Ltpd; g[jy;th;fSf;F Mjuthf bfhilbghUs; bfhLf;ftpy;iy vd;w fhuzj;jhy; IaKw;w NH;epiyahf mjid fUj,ayhJ/,yl;Rikah eha[L kpFjpahd bry;tr; brHpg;g[ld;,Ue;jhh; vd;gJ bjspthfpwJ/ jdJ kidtpapd; cld;gpwe;jthpd; kfid capy; rhrdj;jpd; epiwntw;whsuhf Mf;fpapUg;gJ capy;tHp chpikah;fspd; jug;gpy; VnjDk; Kiwjtwhd Ml;lj;jpd;,uhikia cz;ikahfnt v';fsplk; cWjpaspj;Js;sJ/ mtuJ rhl;rpaj;jpy; (145 eltof;ifapDs; epiwntw;whshy; mspf;fg;gl;l rhd;W gp/13) 2?3 re;jh;g;g';fspy; capy;rhrdj;ij epiwntw;wg;glntz;oaJ Fwpj;J capyth; jd;Dila tpUg;gj;ij btspg;gLj;jpaJ gw;wp mth; ngrpa[s;shh;/ m/rh/1?My; vLj;Jr;brhy;yg;gl;l rhl;rpaj;jpypUe;J';Tl Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wj;jhy; capy;rhrdk; Fwpj;J vLf;fg;gl;l fUj;Jepiyia,uz;lhk; nky;KiwaPl;oDs; jiyapLtjw;fhd mjpfhuk; bfhLf;Fk; xd;iw Kuz;gl;Ls;sjhf tphpj;Jiuf;f,ayhJ/ 83/,Wjpahf. vjph;thjpfshy; nkhro. jfhj bry;thf;F my;yJ tYf;fl;lhaj;jhy; tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzj;ij Kad;W bgw;wjhf mnjnghd;W brhy;yg;gLtij bka;g;gpf;Fk; bghWg;g[k;. nkYk;. capy;rhrdj;ij bka;g;gpf;Fk; flg;ghL bfhz;oUf;ifapy;. m';F re;njfj;jpw;fplkhd NH;epiyfs;,y;iy vd;gija[k; my;yJ xUntis mitfs; VnjDk; tpsf;Ftjw;F m';fpUg;gpd; ePjpkd;w csr;rhd;wpid jpUg;jpg;gLj;JtJ tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzj;ij Kd;bdLj;Jiuj;jtUf;F chpajhFk;/,Jbjhlh;ghf tpUg;g[Wjpahtzj;jpd; gz;g[ bfl;Ls;sJ vd;gij epU:gpf;f vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; jtwptpl;ldh; vd;W m/rh/1?,d; rhd;Wiu fhz;gpf;fpwJ/ vdnt tpUg;g[Wjp MtzkhdJ Mh;/ eha[Lthy; cz;ikahf epiwntw;wg;gl;lJ vd;Wk;. nkYk;. mtUila,Wjpahd tpUg;g[Wjpahtzk; vd;w Kotpw;F eh';fs; tUfpnwhk;/ 84/ re;njfkpd;wp. rnfhjuh;fshd u';fRthkp eha[L kw;Wk;,yl;Rikah eha[L,e;J Tl;Lhpikr; brhj;jpy; ghfg;gphptpid chpikah;fs;/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; tHf;F,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; Tl;Lg; gphptPL mog;gilapd;kPjhdjhFk;/,t;tHf;fpd; NH;epiyg; bghUj;jj;jpy; *,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gk;* vd;Dk; brhw;bwhliu Tl;Lhpikr; brhj;jhf g[hpe;Jbfhs;sntz;Lk;/ kw;wtifapy;,yl;;Rikah eha[L gphptpd; rhh;ghf vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs;; u';fRthkp eha[L 1/6/1955 md;W,we;Jtpl;l fhuzj;jhy; mtUila brhj;JfSf;F thhpRhpik bjhl';fpaJ/ u';fRthkp eha[L thhprw;w epiyapy;,we;Jtpl;ljhy;. mtUila brhj;JfSf;F rnfhjuuhd,yl;Rikah eha[L kug[hpikapduhf te;jhh;. nkYk;. md;iwa njjpapy; rl;lj;jpd;fPH; cs;sthW brhj;JfSf;F,yl;Rikah eha[L vr;rt[hpikapy; gpd;chpikahsuhfpwhh;/ 85/ 1932?Mk; Mz;oy;,U rnfhjuh;fSf;fpilapy; mth;fspd; cz;ikahd Xh; tha;bkhHp ghfg;gphptpidapd; mog;gilapy; nky;Kiw? aPl;lhsh;fspd; tHf;F mike;Js;sJ/,e;j thJiufspy; ew;TWfs;,y;iy vd;gij K:d;W ePjpkd;w';fs; fz;lwpe;Js;sd/ cz;ikapy;. nky;Kiw? aPl;lhsh;fS';Tl v';fs; Kd;g[,e;jg; ghijapy; thjj;ij nkw;bfhs;stpy;iy/ mjw;Fkhwhf. 10/5/1955 md;W u';fRthkp eha[L gp/1 mwptpg;ig gpuRhpj;jjhy; Tl;Lf; FLk;gk; gpst[w;wjd; gadhf jdJ rnfhjuhplkpUe;J gphpe;J u';fRthkp eha[L,we;Jnghdhh; vd;Wk;. Mifahy;. 1/6/1955 md;W u';fRthkp eha[Ltpd; brhj;JfSf;F,k;khjphpahd tHpa[hpik bjhl';fpajhf v';fs; Kd;g[ typa[Wj;jp thjplg;gl;lJ/,dpnkw;bfhz;Lk; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; tHf;F u';fRthkp eha[Lthy; tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzk; epiwntw;wg;gl;L. nkYk;. 10/5/1955 md;W gjpt[bra;ag;gl;lJkhd gp/10?,d;kPJ fz;lwpag;gLfpwJ/,e;J Tl;L FLk;gr; brhj;jpd; chpik; ghfg;gphptpid; mjd; tpist[fs; 86/,e;j thJiufspd; btspr;rj;jpy;,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gk; bjhlh;ghd nfhl;ghLfs;. mJ bjhlh;e;jpUf;Fk; gad;fs;. Tl;Lf;FLk;gk; Kot[f;FtUk; Kiwfs; kw;Wk; @tFf;fg;gl;l Tl;Lf; FLk;gk;@ brhw;bwhlhpd; epHw;bghUis jdpg;gl;lKiwapY';Tl Muha;tJ mtrpakhdjhFk;/ mnjhL capy;rhrdj;ij cUthf;FtJ bjhlh;ghf xU,e;Jtpd; chpikiaa[k; kw;Wk; mjd; tiuaiwfisa[k; ehk; ghprPypg;gJ mtrpakhFk;/ 87/ mg;nghtpah; ?vjph;? uhk Rg;g Iad; kw;Wk; gyh;35 ?,y; murg; nguitf;F,e;j nfhl;ghLfis ghprPypg;gjw;fhd jWtha;,Ue;jJ/,e;jpahtpYs;s K:d;W ePjpkd;w';fs; midj;jpYk; btw;wpa[whj,e;j nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs;,e;ePjpkd;wk; Kd;g[ xU,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpy; khwhf gphptpid,Ue;jnghjpYk;. mJ,d;dKk; Mw;wy; tha;e;jjhf,y;iybad;Wk;.,Jtiuapy; msthYk;. vy;iyahYk; gphptpid cr;repiyailatpy;iy vd;Wk; thJiuj;jdh;/ kw;wtw;Wf;fpilapy;,e;j nfs;tpa[ld; mQqfpanghJ,e;ePjpkd;wk; gpd;tUkhW jPh;khdpf;fpwJ: @1/ jpUbey;ntyp khtl;lj;jpd; cahpa mkPd; jhkhf cWjpbra;j Kjy;epiyj; jPh;g;ghiz me;j $py;yh ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;ghizia cWjpbra;j brd;id cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;ghizapypUe;J
35. (1866) 11 vk;/I/v/ 75 bfhz;Ltug;gl;l Xh; nky;KiwaPlhFk;/ Mifahy; nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; nfhhpf;ifia xUkdjhf epuhfhpj;j K:d;W jPh;g;ghizapypUe;J tUk; Xh; nky;KiwaPlhFk;. jw;nghJs;s nky;KiwaPL bjhlf;fKjny nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; cWg;gpduhf cs;s Xh; gFf;fg;glhj FLk;gj;jpd; KGikahd cilikahf ePoj;JtUfpd;w (nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhy; nfhug;gl;l g';Fs;sitfs;) epiyahd cilikf? Sf;Fhpa rhl;Liufshf fz;lwpag;gl;lJ/ nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; nfhhpf;iff;F vjph;j;jug;gpdhpd; gj;jpunk mog;gil MjhukhFk;/ jw;nghJs;s nehf;fj;jpw;fhf 1834?Mk; Mz;L khh;r; jp';fs; 22?Mk; njjpapl;l gFf;fg;gl;l Mtzk; vd;W eh';fs; miHf;fpnwhk;/ 2/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhy; epiyahd bfhs;iffs; my;yJ brhy;yg;gLfpw rl;lj;jpd; tpjpfSf;fhft[k; cWjpahf thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ mtw;Ws; xd;whdJ. xUntis gFf;fg;glhj FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fSf;? fpilapy; gphptpidf;Fhpa xg;g[jiy TWfpd;w g';fPL Mtzk;,Uf;Fkhapd;. mjd;gpd;dh; me;j FLk;gj;jpd; cilikfs; Fwpj;J,aw;wg;gl;l Mtzj;jpy; msthYk;. vy;iyapdhYk; cs;sgoahf Xh; gphptpidia KGikahf epiwtila[k;tiuapy; gFf;fg;glhj cilikfis gFf;fg;gl;l cilikfshf epiykhw;WtJ gydw;wjhFk;/ 3/ mt;tifg;gl;l nfhl;ghL VnjDk; epWtg;gl;ljhf ePjpaurh;fs; fz;lwpatpy;iy; nkYk;. jiyg;g[ gphpt[ld; bghUs; gphpt[f;F bghUe;Jfpd;w kug[f;Fwpg;g[g; bgahpy; tpaf;fj;jf;f Kiwapy; cs;s gpiHapd;kPJ ePjpaurh;fs; nky;elj;jpr;bry;y,e;j thJiufs; gpujpepjpahfr; brayhw;WfpwJ/ 4/,e;J rl;lj;jpYs;s Xh; gphpf;fg;glhj FLk;gj;jpd; neh;epiyapYs;s fUj;Jgh';fpw;fpz';f mJ gphpf;fg;glhky; v";rpapUf;ifapy; Tl;L kw;Wk; gphpf;fg;glhj brhj;jpy;. mtUf;nfh. Fwpg;gpl;l cWg;gpdUf;nfh cWjpahf tiuaWf;fg;gl;l g';Fhpikfs;,Ug;gjhf me;j FLk;gj;jpd; jdpg;gl;l cWg;gpdh; vtuhYk; typa[Wj;jpf;Tw? KoahJ/ Xh; gphpf;fg;glhj FLk;gj;jpd; jdpg;gl;l cWg;gpdh; ahUk; xU cWjpahd tiuaWf;fg;gl;l g';Fhpikapd; Fj;jifj; bjhiffis bgWgthplnkh my;yJ khtl;l Ml;rpahshplkpUe;J chpikf; nfhhpf;iffis kug[hpikahfg; bgWtjw;nfh my;yJ Fj;jif bjhif bgwg;gLk;,lj;jpw;nfh bry;yf;TlhJ/ Xh; gphptpidahfhj FLk;gj;jpd; fUj;jpay; jpl;lg;go,e;j gphptpidahfhj FLk;gj;jpd; tUkhdk; ngiH my;yJ bghJ epjpapy; fl;lhak; bfhz;Ltug;gl;L. mjd;gpwF Xh; gphptpidahfhj FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;gpdh;fshy; kfpH;e;Jzuf;Toa KiwfSf;? fpz';f gFj;jspf;fntz;Lk;/ Mdhy; xU gphptpidahfhj FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;gpdh;fs; mth;fSf;fpilapy; jdpg;gl;l brhj;J Fwpj;J,z';fpg;nghapUg;gpd; mg;nghjpUe;J rpy tiuaWf;fg;gl;l g';Fhpikfs; cilika[hpik? fSf;F cl;gl;oUf;Fk; mt;tz;zk; mQqff;? ToaJld;,z';fpg;nghd gpd;dh; gphptpidahfhj brhj;J kw;Wk; Tl;Lg; g[Hf;fj;jpw;fhd,aw;? gz;g[fs; bjhiye;JnghfpwJ/ nkYk;. jhdhfnt cilikfis eilKiwapy; Jz;of;fg;gl;L gphpf;fg;gltpy;iybad;whYk;. brhj;Jfspy; xt;bthU cWg;gpdUf;Fk; mf;fzk; Kjy; bgWtjw;fhd chpikf;Fk; kw;Wk; jdpj;jdpahf Ja;j;JzUtjw;Fk; jFjpa[ilatuhfpwhh;fs;/ XXX XXX XXX XXX 12/ xUntis Xh; gphptpidahfhj FLk;gj;jpd; Tl;L Fj;jifa[hpikia me;j FLk;gj;jpd; gphptpidahfhj cWg;gpdh;fSf;F bghJthd Fj;jifa[hpikahf epiykhw;wpagpd; cs;sgoahd gphptpidapd; cl;fpilg;bghUspid bka;elg;gpy; cldoahf gpd;gw;wtpy;iybad;whYk;. cld;? gof;ifapy; brhj;Jfs; Fwpj;j chpik kw;Wk; ghj;jpaija[ldhd gphptpidapd;go gphptpidahfhj FLk;gk; gphptpidahd FLk;gkhtjw;F bjhl';FfpwJ/@ 88/ fphp$h gha; ?vjph;? rjhrpt; jz;ouh$; kw;Wk; gyh;36 ?,y; murg; nguitapd; jPh;g;g[iuiaf; ftdpg;gJ,g;nghJ bghUj;jkhdjhFk;/ nkw;brhd;d tHf;fpy; kpjhf;c&uh,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;gpdh;fspy; xUth; jdJ K:d;wpy; xd;W g';Fhpikia ghfg;gphptpid bra;tjw;fhd jdJ tpUg;gj;ij bjhptpj;j xU mwptpg;gpid rhh;t[ bra;Js;shh;/ chpik tHf;F epYitapy; cs;snghJ thjp,we;Jtpl;lhh;/ mtUila tpjit bjhlh;e;J thH;e;jhh;/ gjpyhf mikg;gjw;F mts; Kaw;rpj;jhs;.,jid gpujpthjpfs; mtUila kuzj;jpd;nghJ gphptpidahfhj cWg;gpduhf,e;J Tl;Lf; Flk;gj;jpy;,Ue;jhh; vd;Wk;. mtuJ,wg;gpdhy; mthpd; g';Fhpikfs; v";Reh; chpik
36. v/I/Mh;/ 1916 gp/rp/ 104 tHpahf mth;fis te;jile;jJ vd;w fhuzj;jpdog;gilapy; vjph;j;jdh;/ chpik tHf;fpDs; Kd;djhd r';fjpfSf;F vjph;khwhf thjpfspd; nfhhpf;iffis gpujpthjpfs; Vw;Wf;bfhz;Lk; kw;Wk; chpik tHf;F Kjpuhj epiyapy;,Uf;fpwJ vd;Wk;. brhj;Jfis gphpg;gjpy; mth;fSf;F tpUg;gKs;sbjd;Wk; thJiuj;jdh;/,e;ePjpkd;wk; gz;ol; N:u$; enud; kw;Wk; xUth; ?vjph;? gz;ol;,f;ghy; enud; kw;Wk; gyh;37 ?,y; mwptpj;j murg; nguitapd; Ke;ija jPh;g;g[iuia Mjhukhff; Fwpj;jJ/,Jbjhlh;ghf ePjpkd;wk; Kd;ndWtjw;F mwptpj;J tpjpf;fg;gl;lJ vd;dbtdpy;: @25/,t;tHf;fpy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk; nkny Mjhukhf Fwpj;Jf;bfhz;l,U ghprPyidfSld; FHg;gpf;bfhz;ljhf ePjpaurh;fSf;F njhd;wpa[s;sJ mjhtJ. jdpegh; tpUg;gj; Jzpthw;wy; bjhlh;ghd jFepiy Tl;Lr;rpijtpid,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy;,Wjp tifKiwahf my;yJ jug;gpdh;fshy; epakpf;fg;gl;l fhuzpfh;fshy;. jdpahh; cld;gof;iffshy;. xJf;fg;gl;l g';FhpikfSld; Toa btt;ntW tHpKiwfshy; braYWj;jf;TLk;/@ ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
37. (1912-13) 40 I/v/ 40; (1913) 11 myfhghj; vy;/b$/ 172 (nkw;fz;l) mg;nghtpahpy; cs;s Tw;Wfis Mjhukhff; Fwpj;Jf;bfhz;l gpd;dh;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;khdk; gpd;tUkhW: "28/,e;jpahtpYs;s rpy ePjpkd;w';fs; jFepiyf;Tl;Lr; rpijt[ cld;gof;ifapdhy; kl;Lnk epfHf;TLk; vd;fpw bt!;l;bgh;hp nfhkhdpd; brhy;yikg;g[fis kiwKfkhff; Fwpg;gpl;oUg;gjhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ/,J jtwhd fUj;J vd;gjpy; ePjpaurh;fSf;F re;njfkpy;iy *g';fPL Mtzk;* Vw;bfdnt ele;njwpa chpikfspd; gphptpidf;fhd tHf;Fld; m';Fs;s FGkj;jhy; mQqfg;bgw;wij bjspt[g;gLj;jpa[s;sJ/,e;jf; Tl;L cilikapy; xt;bthU jdpg;gl;l cWg;gpdUf;fhd chpikfs; Mtzk; my;yJ jug;gpdh;fspd; cld;gof;ifapy; tH';fg;gl;l brhy;yikg;gpypUe;J Cw;bwLf;ftpy;iy/,e;j cld;gof;if jdpg;gl;l cWg;gpdh; xt;bthUtUk; mth; tpUk;gpa ve;j neuj;jpYk; ePoj;Jf;? bfhz;oUf;Fk; chpikfis epiyehl;Ltjw;F jFjpa[s;sth;fs; vd;gij kl;Lnk m';fPfhpf;fpd;wJ/ 29/ gphpg;gjw;fhd cs;nehf;fj;ij jpl;ltl;lkhd tpsk;g[ifahYk; my;yJ brayhl;rpahYk; gy;ntW tHpfspy; btspg;gLj;jpf;fhl;lf;TLk”;/ 89/ mLj;jjhf *ml;lfhlh uhftk;kh kw;Wk; xUth; ?vjph;? ml;lfhlh brd;brk;kh kw;Wk; xUth;?,y;38 mwptpf;fg;gl;l,e;j ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fw;wwpe;j K:d;W ePjpauhaj;jhy; tH';fg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iuiaf; fl;lhak; eh';fs; ftdj;jpy; vLj;Jf;bfhs;fpnwhk;/ nkw;brhd;d tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wk; Kd;g[ gpr;irah vd;gthpd; tpjitjhd; nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhthh;/ gpr;irah vd;gthpd; cz;ikahd rnfhjuhpd; kfdhd bt';ifah vd;gthpd; kidtpahd brd;brk;kh vd;gth;jhd;,t;tHf;fpd; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhthh;/ nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; ikj;Jduhy; epiwntw;wg;gl;l xU tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzj;jpw;F Kd;djhf bfhz;Ltug;bgw;w,e;J Tl;Lf;FLk;gk; m';F Vwj;jhH gpst[w;wpUe;jjh> vd;gnj g{riy Rw;wpa[s;s nfs;tpapd; rhuhk;rkhFk;/ m';F,uz;L nfs;tpfs;,Ue;jnghjpYk;.,uz;lhtJ nfs;tpa[ld; kl;Lnk eh';fs; bjhlh;g[w;Ws;nshk;. mjhtJ. tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzj;jpd; epiwntw;WjYf;F Kd;dh; ghfg;gphptpid Fwpj;J bfhz;Ltug;bgw;wjh> kw;Wk; tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzj;jpd; thrf';fshnyna ClW bfhz;Ltug;gl;ljh> vd;W vGk;gpa nfs;tpiaa[';Tl eh';fs; nkYk; ftdj;jpy; bfhs;fpnwhk;/ 90/,e;ePjpkd;wk; gjpthtz';fspYs;s rhl;rpaj;ij tphpthf ghprPypg;gjw;F Kd;ndwpr;brd;W 1946?Mk; Mz;oy; epiwntw;wg;gl;l tpUg;g[Wjp
38. V/I/Mh;/ 1964 v!;/rp/ 136 Mtzj;jpw;F kpft[k; Kd;djhf 1894?,y; xU ghfg;gphptpid epfH;e;Js;sJ vd;Dk; nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; thJiufis rhl;rpa';fs; Mjhpf;ftpy;iy vd;w Kotpw;F te;jJ/ mjd;gpd;dh;.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; tH';fg;gl;l fUj;JiuapYs;s fPH;tUk; gj;jpfis ftdj;jpw;bfhs;tJ mtrpakhFk;: @25/ tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzk; epiwntw;wg;gl;l njjpahd $dthp 14. 1945 md;W rpk;gpiuah jdJ ngud; Rg;ghuhtplkpUe;J jFepiyia gphpj;Jtpl;ljhf fUjpf;bfhs;tJ mtrpabkd;w jd;Dila thJiuf;F Mjuthf fw;wwpe;j khepy muR jiyik tHf;Fiu"uhy; rhd;whtzk; v/2 (m) kPJ tYthd ek;gpf;if itf;fg;gl;oUe;j tpUg;g[Wjpahtzj;Jld; mQqFtjw;F,g;nghJ eh';fs; Kd;ndWfpnwhk;/ capyth;,we;Jnghd njjpapypUe;Jjhd; xU capy;rhrdk; brayhw;wYilajhapUf;fpwJ/ Xh; gphptpidahfhj Tl;Lhpikr; brhj;jpd; cWg;gpdUf;F xU tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzj;ij epiwntw;Wtjw;fhd rl;lg;goahd jpwd; cs;sJ/ Mdhy;. FLk;gj;jpd; Tl;Lr; brhj;jpYs;s jdJ gphptpidahfhj g';Fhpikia mtuhy; bry;yj;jf;fKiwapy; capy;tHp chpikaspf;f,ayhJ/ xUntis xU FLk;gj;jpd; gphptpidahfhj cWg;gpduhf,we;Jnghdhy; mtUila g';Fhpikfs; FLk;gj;jpd; kw;w egh;fsplj;jpy; v";Reh; chpikahf,Uf;Fk;/ Mjyhy;. Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;jpd; g';Fhpikapy; nkYk;,e;j tpUg;g[Wjp Mtzk;,a';fhJ/ Mdhy; jdJ,wg;gpw;F Kd;dh; xUntis jdJ FLk;gj;jpypUe;J mth; gphpe;Jiwe;jhy;. capy;tHp bfhil bry;jpwk; bfhs;Sk;. mjdhy; jw;nghJs;s tHf;fpy; capyth; jdJ,wg;gpw;F kd;djhf Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpypUe;J gphpe;Jiwaj; bjhl';fpduh> vd;gnj Kf;fpa nfs;tpahf vGk;gpa[s;sJ”/ XXX XXX XXX XXX 27/ xU,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;gpduhdth; FLk;gj;jpypUe;J gphptjw;fhd jd;Dila cs;nehf;fj;ij mnj FLk;gj;jpYs;s kw;w cWg;gpdh;fspd; mwpt[ gug;bgy;iyf;Fs; bjspthf bfhz;Ltuhky; btWk; rhw;Wifapdhy; gphpe;Jiuaj; bjhl';fptpl;lhuh> vd;gnj rl;lg;go vGk;gpa[s;s Kf;fpakhd nfs;tpahFk;/ mg;nghijf;fg;nghJ vGfpd;w rpf;fy;fis,e;J rl;lE}y;fspd; K:yk; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; neh;ikahd mQqFKiwahy; cz;lhfg;bgw;w nfhl;ghl;oid,e;jj; jWthapy; Fwpg;gpLtJ bghUj;jkhdjhFk;/ nfhl;ghl;od; ghpzhkj;ij,U gFjpfshf goj;jwpayhk; mjhtJ. 1) cs;nehf;fj;jpd; rhw;Wif kw;Wk; 2) mjd;tpisthf ghjpg;g[w;w kw;wth;fSf;fhd mwptpg;g[/ Kjy; gFjpapy; gpd;tUk; E}y;fs; rpy Kf;fpak;tha;e;j tpsf;fkspf;Fk;/ moahyj; fhjPRkh ?vjph;? moahyj; gPr;R (I/vy;/Mh;/ 1930 bkl;uh!; 502)?,y;,e;J rl;lj;jpd; K:yhjhu';fspy; epiyahd gFj;jwpt[k; kw;Wk; eilKiwr; bra;jp bfhz;oUf;Fk; ePjpaurh; tp!;tehj rh!;jphpfshy; mit rhpghh;f;fg;gl;L bkhHpbgah;f;fg;gl;lJ/ mtUila bkhHpbgah;g;g[ rhpahf cs;sJ vd;gij eh';fs; xg;g[f;bfhs;fpnwhk;/ nkYk;. cz;ikahfnt mjdog;gilapy;,Ujug;g[ tHf;Fiu"h;fSk; nkw;nfhshf elj;jpr;brd;wdh; a$;dty;fpah. mj;jpahak; II. gphpt[ 121 @ghl;ldhhplkpUe;J bgwg;gl;l kidapYs;s bry;t tsk; my;yJ fuk;g[ (Mz;Lj;bjhif) Kjypatw;wpd; je;ijf;Fk;. kfDf;Fkhd cilika[hpik rhprkkhdJjhd;/@ nkw;brhd;d !;nyhfj;jpd; kPJ tp$;"nd!;tuh TWfpd;w tpsf;ft[iu: @mjdhy; md;iwf;F khje;njhWk; epfH;fpw tpiue;bjhGF,Ug;gpDk; (FHe;ijngWf;fhd jpwid,Hf;ftpy;iy) kw;Wk;,e;jj; je;ij ghrg;gpizg;g[ bfhz;Ls;shh;/ nkYk;. ghfg;gphptpidia tpUk;gtpy;iy. VdpDk; kfdpd; Mirg;go (tpUg;gj;jpd;go) jhj;jhtpd; brhj;Jfspd; ghfg;gphptpid eilbgWk;”. (rl;Y}hpd; kpjhf;c&uh. gf;f';fs; 646?48)/ ru!;tjp tpny!;. gpshrplk; 28/ @ngr;R (my;yJ tpsf;fk;) VJkpd;wp. jPh;khdj;jpd; K:ynk ghfg;gphptpid epfH;j;jg;gLfpwJ. ngr;nrJkpd;wp vz;zj;jpdhy; kl;Lnk epakpf;fg;gl;l kfs; ghfg;gphptpidia Vw;gLj;Jfpwhh; vd;gJ,jpypUe;J mwpag;gLfpwJ/@,j;u kp!;uh?tpd; tPukpj;nuhjah (mj;jpahak; ?II gp1/23) @,';F';Tl. je;ijahhpd; fhyj;jpd;;bghGija ghfg;gphptpidf;Fk; kw;Wk; mtUila kuzj;jpw;F gpd;dh; kfd;fspd; tpUg;gj;jpdhy; vGk; ghfg;gphptpidf;Fk; (my;yJ,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; jdp xU cWg;gpdhpd; tpUg;gj;jpy;) vGk; ghfg;gphptpidf;Fk; ntWghL VJkpy;iy/ ePyfz;lgl;lhtpd; tahtfu ka{f;fh g[j;jfj;jpd; (mj;jpahak; IV. gphpt[ iii?I) @Tl;Lf; FLk;g bghJr; brhj;J VJkpy;yhj epiyapYk;. cz;ikapy; gphptpidahdJ mwptpg;gpd;K:yk; Tw Vw;gLfpwJ @ehd; cd;dpypUe;J jdpg;gl;ltd;@ Vbddpy;. gphptpidahdJ kdjpd; Fwpg;gpl;l epiyahFk; kw;Wk; mwptpg;ghdJ,k;kdepiyapd; btspg;ghlhFk;/@ rk!;fpUj brhw;fspy; @r';fy;g@ (jPh;;khdk;). ru!;tjp tpy;yh!; vd;w g[j;jfj;jpy;. @mf;bfbrah@ (,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; jdp xU cWg;gpdhpd; tpUg;gk;). tPukpj;nuhjah vd;w g[j;jfj;jpy;. @g[j;jptpnrc&@ (kdjpd; Fwpg;gpl;l epiy) itahtfhuh ka{fh vd;w g[j;jfkhdJ Tl;Lf; FLk;g epiyapd; gphptpidahdJ. jdp eghpd; neuo eltof;ifia rhh;ejjhFk; vd;w fUj;ij bjhptpf;fpwJ/ vdnt.,e;J rl;lg; g[j;jf';fs;. Tl;Lf; FLk;gepiyapd; gphptpidahdJ jdp egh; tpUg;gj;jpd; jdpg;gl;l bray;ghl;od;K:yk; bfhz;Ltug;gLfpwJ vd;w nfhl;ghl;il Mjhpf;fpd;wd/ 28/ Jtf;fj;jpy; fUj;J ntWghLfs;,Ug;gjhf njhd;wpabghGjpYk;. gpe;ija jPh;g;g[iufs;.,e;J rl;lg; g[j;jf';fis rhpahf bghUs; tpsf;fpd/,e;nehf;fkhdJ ghprPypf;fg;gl;L kw;Wk; mJbjhlh;ghd rl;lK';Tl thpirahf gy jPh;g;g[fspy; gphptp ft[d;rpyhy; bjspthf tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ: Ruh$; enua;d; ?vjph;? cwpf;ghy; enua;d; [(1912) I/vy;/Mh;/ 35 my 80 (gprp)]; fphpah gha; ?vjph;? rjhrpt; Jz;ouh$; [(1916) I/vy;/Mh;/ 43 fy; 1031 (gprp)]; kw;Wk; ghkyp';fh md;dtp ?vjph;? eutdh md;dtp [(1922) I/vy;/Mh;/ 45 bkl;/ 489 (gprp)] Mfpa tHf;Ffis fhz;f/ iraj; frk; ?vjph;? b$huhth; rp'; [(1922) I/vy;/Mh;/ 50 fy; 84 (gprp)] vd;w tHf;fpy; ePjpj;Jiw FGthdJ. jd;Dila Ke;ija jPh;g;g[iuia kWMa;t[ bra;jgpd;.,e;j rhuj;jpd;kPjhd jPh;thd rllj;ij,t;thwhf tFj;jJ: @kpjhf;c&uh rl;lj;jpw;Fl;gl;l,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;ijg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. brhj;jhdJ cz;ikapy; gphpf;fg;gltpy;iy? badpDk;,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpy; xUth;. jd;Dila brhj;ij jdpahf itj;Jf;bfhs;Sk; jd;Dila vz;zj;ij bjspthf mwptpf;Fk;bghGJ. Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;jpd; gphptpid epfH;fpwJ vd;gJ ed;F jPh;t[bra;ag;gl;l rl;lkhFk;///////@/ vdnt.,Jtiuapy;.,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;jpd; gphptpidahdJ jdp egh; tpUg;gj;ijr; rhh;e;jbjd;gJk; kw;Wk; mjid eilKiwf;F bfhz;Ltu. mJFwpj;j bjspthd mwptpg;g[,Uj;jy;ntz;Lk; vd;gJ nghd;wit,e;J rl;lg; g[j;jf';fshy; nfhl;ghLfs; tFf;fg;gl;L kw;Wk; ePjpkd;w';fspd; mjpfhug;g{h;t jPh;g;g[iufshy; m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;lit vd;gJ ed;F jPh;t[ bra;ag;gl;l rl;lkhFk;/ brhj;jpd; gphptpidia Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F FLk;gj;jpy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpw cWg;gpdh;fspd; nehf;fk; njitahdjh vd;gJ fodkhdbjhU tpdhthFk;/ rK:f khw;wj;jpw;nfw;g njitia epiwt[ bra;tjw;fhd fUj;Jfis cUthf;FkhW ePjpkd;w';fshy; bjhlh;e;J typa[Wj;jg;gl;lbghGjpYk;.,e;J rl;lg; g[j;jf';fs; mJ bjhlh;ghd nahridiaj; bjhptpg;gijj; jtpu.,J bjhlh;ghf ekf;F mjpfstpy; neuoahf cjttpy;iy/,J bjhlh;ghf. tahtfhuh ka{fhtpd; gpd;tUk; thrf';fs; ekf;F cjtpfukhf cs;sd: @////cz;ikapy;. mwptpg;gpdhnyna gphptpid epfH;fpwJ@ *ehd; cd;dpypUe;J jdpg;gl;ltd;* Vbddpy;. gphptpidahdJ kdjpd; Fwpg;gpl;l epiy kw;Wk; mwptpg;ghdJ kdepiyapd; btspg;ghnlahFk;/@ xUth; jd;Dila kdepiyia btw;wplj;jpy; mwptpf;fnth my;yJ btspg;gLj;jnth KoahJ/ mwptpj;jy; vd;gJ gpwUf;F bjhptpj;J cWjpbra;tjhFk;/ @gpwh;@ vd;gth; mj;jifa mwptpg;gpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLgtuhf,Uf;fntz;Lk;/ vdnt kw;wth;fsplkpUe;J jd;id gphpj;Jf;bfhs;s tpiHa[k;,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;g cWg;gpdh;. vthplkpUe;J jd;id gphpj;Jf;bfhs;s tpiHfpwhnuh mtUf;F (,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;g cWg;gpdUf;F) jd;Dila vz;zj;ij bjhptpf;fntz;Lk;/ btspg;ghl;od; bray;KiwahdJ NH;epiyfSf;nfw;g ntWgLk;/ btt;ntW fiyr;brhw;fis gad;gLj;jpajd;K:yk; mwpthh;e;j khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh;fshy;,f;fUj;J btspg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Mdhy;. mth;fs; mjid mwptpg;gpd; cl;bghUshf mwpe;jdh;/ @bjspthf btspg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ@ vd;w brhy;yhdJ. Ruh$; enua;d; ?vjph;?,f;ghy; enua;d; [(1912) I/vy;/Mh;/
35 My;/ 80 (gp/rp/)] vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; gpw cWg;gpdh;fspd; mwptpw;F epr;rakhf bjhpa[k;goahf mwptpj;jy;@ vd;w bghUspd;. g;hptp ft[d;rpyhy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ vd brse;juuhad; ?vjph;? mUzhr;ryk; brl;o [(1915) I/vy;/Mh;/ 39 bkl;/ 159 (gp/rp/)] vd;w tHf;fpy; khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ rjhrpt Iah; Twpdhh;/ fphp$h gha; ?vjph;? rjhrpt; jz;ouh$ [(1916) I/vy;/Mh;/ 43 fy;/ 1031 (gp/rp/)] vd;w tHf;fpy;. btspg;gilahd vz;zkhdJ,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; gpw cWg;gpdh;fSf;F @bjspthf bjhptpf;fg;glntz;Lk;@ vd ePjpj;Jiw FG fUj;J bjhptpj;jJ/ ghy; fpUc&;zh ?vjph;? uhk; fpUc&;zh ?vjph;? uhk; fpUc&;zh [(1931) I/vy;/Mh;/ 53 My; 300 (gprp)] vd;w tHf;fpy; Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpypUe;J jdpj;jy; vd;gJ,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;g cWg;gpdh; xUth;. mf;Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpypUe;J jhd; tpyfp bry;tjhd jd;Dila tpUg;gj;ij. gpw cWg;gpdh;fSf;F bjspthf mwptpg;gjd;K:yk; eilKiwf;F tUfpwJ* vd khz;g[kpF ePjpurh; _ $hh;$; nyhd;y!;. jPh;t[ bra;ag;gl;l rl;lkhff; fUjpdhh;/ ghg[ unkc&; uha; gpurhj; brsj;hp ?vjph;? uhjpfh njtp [(1935) 43 vy;/ lgps;a{/ yh tPf;yp 172 (gprp)] vd;w tHf;fpy; @,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;g cWg;gpdh; xUth;. jhd; FLk;gj;jpypUe;J gphptjhd jpz;zkhd vz;zj;ij gpw cWg;gpdh;fSf;F. bjspthd my;yJ gpiHaw;w bray; my;yJ mwptpg;gpd;K:yk;. gphptpid eilKiwf;F tUfpwJ@ vd;w nfhl;ghl;il. jPh;thd rl;lkhf _ $hd; thyp!; kPz;Lk; Vw;Wf;bfhz;lhh;/ nfk;gs;sp mtpyhk;kh ?vjph;? kz;nzk; bt';flRthkp [(1913) 33 vk;/vy;/b$/(746)] vd;w tHf;fpy;.,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;g cWg;gpdh;. jhd; FLk;gj;jpypUe;J gphptjw;fhd vz;zj;ij gpw cWg;gpdh;fSf;F thH;ehspy; bjhptpf;ftpy;iybadpy;. jd;Dila vz;zj;jpd; mwptpg;g[ kl;Lnk mJ btspg;gLj;jg;gl;lbghGjpYk;. gphptpidia epfH;j;jhJ vd;gij khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ _ $hd; thyp!; kw;Wk; khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU FkhuRthkp rh!;jphp Mfpnahh; typa[Wj;jpdh;/,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpypUe;J tpyFk; xUthpd; vz;zj;jpd; btspg;ghlhdJ gpw cWg;gpdh;fspd; mwptpw;F vl;oapUj;jy;. mt;thW FLk;gj;jpypUe;J xUth; tpyFtjw;F njitahd epge;jidahFk; vd;gJ.,k;Kot[fs; tFj;j nfhl;ghlhFk;/ Mdhy;. brd;id cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd;,U jPh;g;g[iufs; nkw;go tpjpapypUe;J tpyfiyg; gjpt[bra;jd/ mtw;Ws; KjyhdJ. uhk Ia;ah; ?vjph;? kPdhl;rp mk;khs; [(1930) 33 vy;/ lgps;a{ 384] vd;w tHf;fpy;. khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ khjtd; ehah; mth;fs; tH';fpa jPh;g;ghFk;/ m';F. FLk;g gphptpidahdJ jfty; mDg;gg;gl;lbghGija njjpf;Fk; Ke;ijabjd mwpthh;e;j ePjpaurh; jPh;g;gspj;jhh;/ tHf;fpy; gpw cWg;gpdh;fSf;F ntW tha;g;ngh my;yJ njh;nth,y;iy vd;w Vw;Wf;bfhs;sg;gl;l nfhl;ghl;oypUe;J. mwpthh;e;j ePjpaurh;,k;Kotpw;F te;jhh;/ Mdhy;. mt;tHf;fpd; Kjd;ikahd N:H;epiyfs; ahbjdpy;. capyhsh; mwptpg;g[ tH';fg;gLk;tiuapYk; kw;Wk; tH';fg;gl;l gpd;dUk; caph; thH;e;jhh; vd;gjhFk;/ mJ mg;goahdhy;. me;jg; bghUz;ikfspd; mog;gilapyhd mk;Kot[ rhpahdjhFk;/ gpe;ija epiyapy;. Kd; epfH;it bjhlh;g[gLj;Jjy; vd;w nfhl;ghl;il ehk; ifahSnthk;/,uz;lhk; jPh;g;g[iuahdJ. ehuhaz uht; ?vjph;? g[Unc&hj;jk; uht; (I/vy;/Mh;/1938 bkl;/ 315. 318) vd;w tHf;fpy;. ePjpaurh; jpU/ tujhr;rhhpahh; kw;Wk; ePjpaurh; jpU/ fp'; Mfpnahiu cs;slf;fpa brd;id cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Tl;lkh;tpdhy; tH';fg;gl;ljhFk;/ m';F.,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;g cWg;gpdh;. Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;jpy; jdf;Fs;s g';if K:d;whk; egUf;F capbyGjp itj;Jtpl;L. Mf!;l; 5. 1926 md;W kuzkile;jhh;/ capyhsh;. jd;Dila kfDf;F Mf!;l; 3. 1926 md;W mDg;gpa mwptpg;ghdJ mtUila kfdhy; Mf!;l; 9-1926 md;W bgwg;gl;lJ/ Mf!;l;
9. 1926 md;W kfd; mwptpg;ig bgw;w md;Wjhd; FLk;gr; brhj;jpd; gphptpid epfH;e;jJ. Mf!;l;
5. 1926 md;W je;ijahh; kuzkile;jhYk; kw;Wk; md;nw mtUila brhj;jhdJ vr;rt[hpik K:yk; kfid mile;Jtpl;ljhYk;. Mf!;l; 9. 1926 md;W kfdhy; bgwg;gl;l mwptpg;ghdJ. mtuhy; vr;rt[hpik K:yk; mspf;fg;gl;l brhj;Jhpikia mthplkpUe;J mfw;wKoahJ/ vdnt. capyhdJ bry;yj;jf;fjy;y vd thjplg;gl;lJ/ khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ tujhr;rhhpahh; mth;fs;. mkh;tpd; jPh;g;g[iuia tH';fp,t;thW fUj;J bjhptpj;jhh;: @,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;g cWg;gpdh;. mjpypUe;J tpyFtjw;fhd jd;Dila vz;zj;ij gpw cWg;gpdh;fSf;F bjhptpj;jy; mtrpak; vd. jPh;g;g[iufs; bghJthd tpjpia tFj;Js;sd. Mdhy;. mj;jifa jftypd;tiuapYk; kw;Wk; gpd;dUk;. Tl;Lf; FLk;g epiyapy; gphptpid epfHtpy;iybad. mtw;Ws; ve;jj; jPh;g;g[iua[k; tpjpia tiuaWf;ftpy;iy/@ mth;fs; Kd;ghf itf;fg;gl;l thj';fis Vw;gjpy; vGk; gy;ntW tpjpKuz;fis Fwpg;gpl;l gpd;dh;. mwpthh;e;j ePjpaurh;,t;thwhf Twpdhh;/ @rl;lkhdJ mjpfhug;g{h;tkhf-jPh;g;g[iu thapyhf jPh;t[bra;ag;gLbkdpy;. mJ Kuz;gl;l tpist[fSf;F tHpnfhYk; vd;w fhuzj;jpd; mog;gilapy;. mjid braw;gLj;j kWg;gJ v';fs; tpUg;gj;ijr; rhh;e;jjy;y; Mdhy; ve;jj; jPh;g;g[iuapYk; rl;lkhdJ mt;thW Twg;gl;ouhjbghGJk; kw;Wk; tpjpfspd; fhuzkhf mj;jifa fUj;jhdJ njitg;glhj my;yJ epahag;gLj;jg;glhjbghGJk;. Kfthpahsuhy; my;yJ Kfthpahsh;fshy; mwptpg;ghdJ cz;ikapy; bgwg;gLktiuapy;. Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpy; gphptpid epfHtpy;iy vd;gij cl;fpilahf gy;ntW tHf;Ffspy; Twg;gLk; *jfty; mspj;jy;* vd;gJ Fwpj;J eh';fs; bghUs; tpsf;fk; mspf;f fhuzk; vija[k; mwpatpy;iy/@,f;fUj;ij Vw;gjw;F v';fSila,ayhikf;fhf eh';fs; tUe;Jfpd;nwhk;/ Kjyhtjhf. Vbddpy;. eh';fs; Vw;bfdnt Fwpg;gpl;lJnghd;W. mjdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; FLk;gj;jpd; gpw cWg;gpdh;fSf;F btspg;gilahd vz;zk; bjhptpf;fg;glntz;Lk; vd;w rl;lkhdJ. ePjpj;Jiw FGtpdhy; ed;F jPh;t[bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.,uz;lhtjhf. fUj;JfSs; vjid Vw;Wf;bfhz;lhYk; mjpy; Kuz;ghLfs; cs;sd/ K:d;whtjhf. ghjpf;fg;gLgtUf;F mspf;fg;glntz;Lk; vd;Dk; vz;zj;ij mwptpj;jy; nfhl;ghlhdJ cs;shh;e;jjhFk;/ XXX XXX XXX 32/ vdnt mj;jifa mwptpg;ghdJ mjdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; egh;fis chpa NH;epifspy; mile;jhy;jhd; mJ Mf;fg;g{h;tkhf,Uf;Fk; vd fhuzfhhpa eilKiw mQqFKiwapd;go.,e;J rl;lg; g[j;jf';fshy; ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;L ePjpkd;w';fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;oUg;gJ bjspthfpwJ/ XXX XXX XXX 34/,k;nky;KiwaPl;od; K:d;whtJ tpdh Kot[ bra;ag;gl ntz;oa[s;sJ/ mJ,JthFk;/ FLk;g epiyapy; ve;jj; njjpapypUe;J gphptpid Vw;gl;ljhf Cfpf;fg;gLfpwJ> vz;zj;ij btspg;gLj;Jk; ehsh my;yJ gpw cWg;gpdh;fSf;F bjhptpf;fg;gLk; ehsh> my;yJ filrpahf bjhpe;Jbfhz;l ehsh my;yJ xt;bthU egUk; bjhpe;Jbfhz;l ehsh my;yJ xt;bthU egUk; bjhpe;Jbfhz;l btt;ntW ehsh>,Wjp khw;wkhdJ Vw;fg;gLkhdhy;. gphpa[k; egh;. xt;bthU cWg;gpdhplkpUe;Jk; btt;ntW ehl;fspy; gphpe;jjhf fUjg;gLk;/ nkw;go nfhl;ghl;il Vw;gJ. jtph;f;fKoahj FHg;g';fSf;F tHpnfhYk;/ Kjy; khw;wkhdJ Vw;fg;gLkhapd;. mJ mwpjy; nfhl;ghl;ow;F cjl;lstpy; nrit bra;tjhfptpLk;. Kjy; mwpa[k; egh; ve;jtpj fhuzKkpd;wp FLk;gj;jpd; gpw cWg;gpdh;fspd; gpujpepjp? ahfptpLfpwhh;/,uz;lhk; khw;W jPh;thdJ. FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fSs; xUth; v';Fs;shh; vd;W bjhpahjtplj;J my;yJ midtUk; gy Mz;Lfs; fHpj;nj bjhpa[kplj;J. gphpa[k; njjpia epr;rakw;wjhf;fptpLfpwJ/,e;epfH;t[fis vjph;bfhs;s,e;J rl;lg;g[j;jf';fs; vj;jPh;ita[k; tH';ftpy;iy/ jPh;g;g[ tH';fg;gl;l tHf;FfSk; mjw;fhd tHpiag; ghpe;Jiuf;ftpy;iy/ vdnt.,e;J rl;l';fSf;F CW tpistpf;fhky; mh;j;jKs;s kw;Wk; epahakhd jPh;it Vw;gLj;JtJ.,e;ePjpkd;wj;ijr; rhh;e;jjhFk;/ *Kd; epfH;it bjhlh;g[gLj;Jjy;* vd;w nfhl;ghlhdJ. Vw;bfdnt,e;J rl;lj;jpdhy; m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;L. ePjpkd;w';fshy; nkk;gLj;jg;gl;L. mr;rl;lg; gphptpy; jj;bjLj;jy; bjhlh;ghf ifahsg;gLfpwJ/ xU cWg;gpdhpd; gphpa[k; vz;zj;ij mwptpj;jypy;,U fhuzpfs; cs;sd/ xd;W vz;zj;ij btspg;gLj;Jjy;. kw;bwhd;W mjid ghjpf;fg;gLk; egh; my;yJ egh;fspd; mwptpw;F bfhz;Lbry;Yjy;/ xUKiw mspf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lhy; ? mJ xt;bthU tHf;fpd; bghUz;ikfisa[k; rhh;e;jjhFk; ? mJ vz;zk; cUthf;fg;gl;L. bjhptpf;fg;gLk; ehSld; bjhlh;g[WfpwJ/ Mdhy;,U ehs;fSf;fpilapy;. vz;zj;ij btspg;gLj;Jk; egh;. FLk;gr; brhj;jpy; mtUila eyid,Hf;fpd;wdh;. mth; gphptjw;fhd jd;Dila vz;zj;ij jpUk;gg; bgwyhk;. gphptjw;fhd mtUila vz;zkhdJ FLk;gj;jpd; gpw cWg;gpdh;fSf;F bfhz;L bry;yg;gLk; Kd;dh;. mth; kuzkilayhk;. mjd; Kot[. mtUila eydhdJ. FLk;gj;jpd; gpw cWg;gpdh;fis brd;wilfpwJ/ xU,e;J Tl;Lf; Flk;gj;jpd; jiyth; Flk;gf; fld;fSf;fhf midj;J FLk;gr; brhj;Jfisa[k; tpw;fyhk;/ mJnghd;w ntW epfH;t[k;,Uf;fyhk;/ Kd; epfH;t[ld; bjhlh;g[gLj;Jjy; vd;w nfhl;ghlhdJ fhytiuaiwapd;wp gad;gLj;jg;gLkhdhy;. mt;thW cUthf;fg;gl;l mspf;fg;gl;l chpikfs; ghjpf;fg;gLk; kw;Wk; jPh;thd chpikfs; Fiyj;JtpLk;/ rK:f ePjp njitahfpwJ kw;Wk; chpik FHg;gj;ijj; jtph;f;Fk; fhytiuaiwahdJ eph;zapf;fg;gl ntz;Lbkd bghJ mwpt[ nfhUfpwJ/ mspf;fg;gl;l chpikfis nfhl;ghL ghjpf;ff;TlhJ vd fUj;Jiuf;f. vJ mjpf epahakhdjhft[k; kw;Wk; mh;j;jKs;sjhft[k;,Uf;Fk;> mj;jifabjhU fl;Lg;ghl;il tpjpg;gjd;K:yk;. ed;F epWtg;gl;l,e;J rl;lf; nfhl;ghl;od; nehf;if eh';fs; Fiwf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy;. epfH;it vjph;bfhs;Sk; tiuaiwf;Fl;gl;nl xj;jpirt[ nfhl;ghl;il eh';fs; gad;gLj;Jfpd;nwhk;/ nkYk;. rl;lj;jpd; nehf;fk; bjspthf Kuz;gl;oUe;jhyd;wp. Kd; eltof;if nfhl;ghlhdJ mspf;fg;gl;l chpikfis ghJfhf;fpwJ/ Kd;epfH;t[ld; bjhlh;g[Wjy; nfhl;ghlhdJ rkepiy fhuzj;jpdog;gilapy; Kd;eltof;ifa[ld; rk;ge;jg;gLtjhy;. mJ mspf;fg;gl;l chpikfis ghjpf;fhJ/ gphptpid njjpahdJ.,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;jpy; gpwUf;F fpilf;fg;bgw;w chpikiag; gphpj;Jf;bfhs;tjhd vz;zj;ij btspg;gLj;Jk; njjpahFk; vd;fpd;wbghGjpYk;. vz;zj;ij btspg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; kw;Wk; mjid gpw cWg;gpdh;fs; mwpe;Jbfhs;tjw;Fk;,ilapyhd ehl;fs; fUj;jpw;bfhs;sg;gLk; vd;gJ gpd;gw;wg;gLfpwJ/ 35/ jw;bghGija tHf;fpw;F nkw;go bfhs;iffis bghUj;jp. rpk;gpua;ahtpd; kuzj;ijaLj;J. mtUila eydhdJ Rg;ghuhit brd;wilfpwJ. vdnt. mth; (rpk;gpua;ah) FLk;gj;jpypUe;J gphptjhd mtUila vz;zj;ij kjpg;gpLtjw;F mtUila capyhdJ rhh;e;J epw;fg;gLbkdpDk;. rpk;gpua;ahtpd; kuzj;jpw;F Kd;dh;. nkw;go capypd; rhu';fis Rg;ghuhnth my;yJ mtUila ghJfhtynuh mwpe;jpUe;jJ epWtg;glhj fhuzj;jpdhy; mJ FLk;gr; brhj;jpYs;s mtUila eyd;fisf; bfhz;Lbry;yKoahJ vd jPh;g;gspf;fg;glntz;oapUf;Fk;/@ 91/ FLk;gj;jpypUe;J gphptjhd jd;Dila vz;zj;jpd; njitahd kw;Wk; bjspthd mwptpg;ig capy; bfhz;Ls;sjh> vd;gJFwpj;J Kot[bra;a njitapy;iybad ePjpkd;wK';Tl gj;jp 37?,y; fUj;J bjhptpj;Js;sJ/ 92/ mLj;jjhf. g[l;u';fk;kh kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? vk;/v!;/ u';fz;zh kw;Wk; gyh;39 vd;w tHf;fhdJ.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iufspd; thpirapy; xd;whFk;/ nky;KiwaPlhdJ ghfg;gphptpidf;fhd tHf;fpypUe;J vGe;jjhFk;/ tHf;fhsh;.,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpypUe;J gphpe;j cWg;gpduhf,Ue;jhuh vd;gJ. vGe;j tpdhf;fSs; xd;whFk;/,r;re;jh;g;gj;jpy;. ePjpkd;wk; gpd;tUkhW tifbra;jJ: @5/,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;g cWg;gpdh; xUth;. FLk;gj;jpypUe;J gphptjhd jd;Dila vz;zj;ij cWjpahd. bjspthd kw;Wk; xUkpj;j mwptpg;gpd;K:yk;. FLk;gj;jpypUe;J jd;Dila gphptpidia bfhz;Lte;J jdpikahf brhj;ij mDgtpf;fKoa[k;/ FLk;gg; gphptpidf;fhf.,e;J
39. V/I/Mh;/ 1968 v!;/rp/ 1018 Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; midj;J cWg;gpdh;fSf;F? kpilapy; cld;ghhL,Uf;fntz;oa njitapy;iy/ mj;jifa tHf;fpy;. gphptjw;F gpw cWg;gpdh;fs; xg;g[jy; mspj;jduh>,y;iyah> vd;gJ mtrpakw;wjhFk;/,f;nfhl;ghl;od; rl;l mog;gilahdJ.,e;J rl;lj;jpd; Kw;fhy vGj;jhsh;fshy; epWtg;gl;Ls;sJ/ 93/ cz;ikapy; tHf;fhsh; FLk;g gphptpidia Vw;gLj;jpdhh; vd bjhFf;fg;gl;l rl;lf; nfhl;ghLfspd; mog;gilapy;.,e;ePjpkd;wk; KobtLj;J. nky;KiwaPl;il mDkjpj;jJ/ 94/ mLj;jjhf. fpUc&;zhgha; gphpj;jh; fz;gj;uht; njc&;Kf; ?vjph;? mg;ghrhcwpg; Jy;$h uhkhuht; epk;ghy;fh; kw;Wk; gyh;40 vd;w tHf;fpd;.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuia ehk; Fwpg;gplntz;Lk;/ mDgtk; (cilik) kw;Wk;,ilf;fhy Mjhaj;jpw;fhd nkw;go tHf;fpy;. @tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk; mwpe;jJnghd;W. 1902?Mk; Mz;oy; ghfg;gphptpid Vw;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy@ vd cah; ePjpkd;wk; KobtLj;jJ/,e;ePjpkd;wk; tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuia cah;g;gpj;J. fPH;f;fhQqkhW jPh;g;gspj;jJ: @16/ _ ghyhy; nfhug;gl;l fUj;J vz; 1?I ehk; vLj;Jf;bfhs;nthk;/ ghprPypf;fg;gLtJf;bfGk;
40. (1979) 4 v!;/rp/rp/ 60 mog;gil tpdhthdJ. ehuhazuht; kw;Wk; uhkre;juh uht; Mfpa,U rnfhjuh;fSf;fpilna. 1902?Mk; Mz;onyh my;yJ mjw;F Ke;ija mz;ikf; fhyj;jpnyh rl;lg;go ghfg;gphptpid epfH;e;jjh vd;gjhFk;/,J bjhlh;ghf Jtf;fj;jpnyna.,f;fUj;ij Vw;Fk;,e;J rl;lj;jpd; mog;gil nfhl;ghLfis ftdpg;gJ njitahFk;/ xg;g[f;bfhz;ltifapy; jug;gpdh;fs;,e;J kpjhf;c&uh rl;lf; nfhl;ghl;odhy; MSik brYj;jg;gLfpd;wdh;/ kpjhf;c&uh bfhs;ifa[ila xU Tl;Lf; Flk;gj;jpy;. Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;jpy;. \ my;yJ 1 -3 my;yJ | brhj;jpw;F jhd; chpikahsbud ve;j xUtUk; chpiknfhu KoahJ. FLk;gkhdJ gphpf;fg;glhjjhf,Uf;ifapy;. mJ xUkpj;j chpik kw;Wk; Tl;lDgtk; Mfpait cs;sd/ mj;jifa xUikg;ghL kw;Wk; Tl;likg;g[ Mfpait Tl;Lf; FLk;g epiyf;F mtrpakhd gz;g[fshFk;/,t;bthUikg;ghL kw;Wk; Tl;likg;g[ Mfpatw;iw Kot[Wj;jypd; bghUs;. Tl;Lf; FLk;g epiyia Kot[Wj;jy; my;yJ Fiyj;jy; MFk; my;yJ mJ. vy;iy kw;Wk; tiuaiwapd;go brhj;Jfs; gphpf;fg;glhtpoDk;.,e;J rl;lj;jpd; fPH; @ghfg;gphptpid@ MFk;/ mg;g{tpah; ?vjph;? uhk Rg;gh Iad; [(1886) 11 vk;/I/v/ 75: 2 v!;/Mh;/ 218: 8 lgps;a{/ Mh;/gp/rp/1] vd;w tHf;fpy; ePjpaurh; bt!;l;bghp TwpaJnghd;W.,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;g epiyapd; gpsnt. @chpik gphpt[ kw;Wk; brhj;J gphpt[ Mfpa,uz;ila[k; cs;slf;FfpwJ/@ mnj epiyg;ghl;il kPz;Lk; typa[Wj;jp fphp$h gha; ? vjph;? rjhrpt; [V/I/Mh;/ 1916 gp/rp/104: (1916) 43 I/V/ 151] vd;w tHf;fpy; @Tl;Lf; FLk;g epiyapd; gphpt[ my;yJ ghfg;gphptpidahdJ. brhj;J my;yJ eydpy; cz;ikapy; cldo gphptpid Vw;glhtpoDk;. mJ brhj;J kw;Wk; chpikapd; gphptpidia cs;shh;e;J Fwpg;gpLfpwJ@ vd ePjpj;Jiwf; FG tpthpj;jJ/,J ve;neuj;jpYk;. jdp chpikapd;K:yk; nfhug;glyhk;@/ 17/ Tl;Lf; FLk;g epiyapd; gphpthdJ. Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; ve;jbthU taJ Kjph;e;j cWg;gpduhYk;. jhd; FLk;gj;jpypUe;J gphpe;J. FLk;gr; brhj;jpypUe;J gphpe;J. FLk;gr; brhj;jpy; jd;Dila chpikiaj; jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; mDgtpg;gjw;fhd jd;Dila vz;zj;ij. gpw cWg;gpdh;fSf;F bjspthd bkhHpapy; bjhptpg;gjd;K:yk; bfhz;Ltug;glyhk;/ mj;jifa jfty; my;yJ Fwpg;g[zh;jy; my;yJ gpujpepjpj;Jtk; Mfpait gy;ntW tot';fshFk;/ rpy neu';fspy; mJ btspg;gilahd (vGj;J my;yJ tha;bkhHpahd). mwptpg;gpd;K:yk; rhd;whfpwJ. rpy neu';fspy;. FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fs; Ke;ija FLk;gr; brhj;ij jdpg;gl;lKiwapy; ifahSk; elj;ijapd;K:yk; btspg;gLk;/ FLk;g cWg;gpduhy;-,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;g cWg;gpduhy; gpw cWg;gpdh;fSf;F vjpuhf-,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fSf;bfjpuhf. FLk;gr; brhj;jpy; ghfg;gphptpid kw;Wk; jdp mDgtk; nfhhp mwptpg;g[ mDg;g[jy; my;yJ tHf;Fj; bjhLj;jy; nghd;wit,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;g gpstpw;F nghJkhd rhd;whFk;/@ (typa[Wj;jpf; Twg;gl;lJ) fy;ahzp (,we;Jtpl;lhh;) thhpRfs; K:yk; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; ?vjph;? ehuhazd; kw;Wk; gyh;41 d;w tHf;fpy; K:d;W ePjpaurh;fisf; bfhz;l mkh;thdJ fPH;f;fhQqkhW tFj;jspj;jJ:- @10/,t;tHf;fpd; rpf;fiy jPh;f;fntz;oa mLj;j fl;lk; ahbjdpy;. th/rh/M/1 (gp/1) FwpaPl;lhtzkhdJ ghfg;gphptpid MtzkhFkh> vd;gjhFk;/ ghfg;gphptpid vd;gJ,e;J rl;lj;jpy; El;gkhd cl;bghUshFk;/ ghfg;gphptpid vd;gJ xU bghUspy;,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;g epiyapd; gphpthFk; kw;Wk;,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;gpdh; mjid chpikahf jd;Dila tpUg;gj;jpdog;gilapy; nfhuyhk;/,e;j FWfpa ghh;itapy;.,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;g cWg;gpdh; xUth; Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpypUe;J gphpe;J. brhj;ij jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; mDgtpg;gjw;fhd jd;Dila vz;zj;jpd; cWjpahd kw;Wk; bjspthd btspg;ghlhdJ. ghfg; gphptpidia Vw;gLj;j mtrpakhfpwJ/ gphptjw;fhd cWg;gpdh; my;yJ cWg;gpdh;fs; gphptJ bjhlh;ghd mj;jifa
41. V/I/Mh;/ 1980 v!;/rp/ 1173 bjspthd vz;zkhdJ.,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;g epiyapy; gphptpidia Vw;gLj;jp. vg;goahtJ mjd;K:yk; vr;rt[hpika[ila Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpw;F Kw;Wg;g[s;sp itj;J. Tl;Lf; FLk;gk; gpst[w;w ehs;Kjy;. mj;jifa cWg;gpdh;. bghJ epy chpikahsuhfpwhh;/ mj;jifa ghfg;gphp tpidahdJ. mj;jifa cWg;gpdh;fSf;F g';Ffs; brd;wiltjpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ/ mJ vr;r chpikia mg;g[wg;gLj;jp. mtUila thhpRfSf;F bry;fpwJ/ mj;jifa ghfg;gphp tpidahdJ vy;iy kw;Wk; tiuaiwapd;go gpd;gw;wg;gl;lhYk; my;yJ gpd;gw;wg;glhtpoDk;. chpik gphpt[ kw;Wk; brhj;J gphpt[ Mfpa,uz;ila[k; cs;slf;FfpwJ/ (fpUc&;zh gha; gphpjh; fz;gj;uht; njc&;Kf; ?vjph;? mg;ghrhcwpg; Jy;$huhkhuht; epk;gy;fh; [(1979) 4 v!;/rp/rp/
60. 68] vd;w tHf;fpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s (mg;g{tpah; ?vjph;? uhk Rg;gh Ia;ad; [(1886) 11 vk;/I/V/ 75: 2 rh; 218: 8 lgps;a{/Mh;/ gp/rp/1] vd;w tHf;if ghh;f;f/) gphptjw;fhd epr;rakhd kw;Wk; bjspthd Fwpg;gpd;K:yk; Vw;gLk; Tl;Lf; FLk;g epiyapd; gpsthdJ. brhj;jpd; cz;ikahd kw;Wk; eilKiwapyhd gphptpidiaf; bfhz;ouhj? bghGjpYk;. mJ eyd; kw;Wk; brhj;J gphptpidia cl;fpilahf Fwpf;fpwJ/,J. ve;neuj;jpYk;. jdpg;gl;l chpikapd;Kiwapy; nfhug;glyhk; (fphp$h gha; ?vjph;? rjhrpt; [V/I/Mh;/ 1916 gp/rp/ 104: 43 I/V/ 151: 18 ghk;ng vy;/Mh;/ 621] vd;w tHf;fpd; jPh;g;g[iuiag; ghh;f;f) vy;iy kw;Wk; tiuaiwapd; mog;gilapy; cz;ikahd kw;Wk; eilKiwapyhd brhj;J gphptpidahdJ. Tl;Lf; FLk;g epiyapd; gpstpypUe;J njhd;WfpwJ kw;Wk; mJnt. gue;j bghUspy; ghfg;gphptpid vdg;gLfpwJ/@ gpd;tUk; gj;jp 18?Ia[';Tl ehk; ftdpf;fyhk;:- 18/ th/rh/M/1 (gp/1) FwpaPl;L MtzkhdJ ghfg;gphptpid vd;w bghUspyike;j ghfg;gphptpid Mtzk; my;y kw;Wk; mJ FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fSf;Fs; vy;iy kw;Wk; tiuaiwapd; mog;gilapy; ghfg;gphptpid bra;a[k; nehf;fpd; mog;gilapyhdjy;y/ vdpDk;.,e;J rl;lj;jpy; Tl;Lf; FLk;gk; kw;Wk; Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;J vd;w Kiwapy;. @ghfg;gphptpid@ vd;w brhy;yhdJ jdpg;gl;lKiwapy; bghUs;bfhs;sg;? gLfpwJ/ Tl;Lf; FLk;g epiyapd; gphpthdJ Mtzj;jpd;K:yk; bfhz;Ltug;gLbkdpy;. mj;jifa gphptpidiaf; bfhz;LtUtjw;fhd vz;zj;jpd; vGj;Jtotk; my;yJ mwptpg;ghdJ. Tl;Lf; FLk;gk; vd;gijg; gphpf;fpwJ. (uhftk;kh ?vjph;? br";rk;kh [V/I/Mh;/ 1964 v!;/rp/ 136: (1964) 2 v!;/rp/Mh;/ 933: (1964) 1 v!;/rp/v. 593] vd;w tHf;if fhz;f)/ ghfg;gphptpidia nkw;bfhs;s Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;gpdh;. mj;jifa FLk;gj;jpypUe;J gphptjhd vz;zj;ij cWjpahd kw;Wk; bjspthd FwpaPl;od;K:yk; bjhptpg;gJ midj;JtifapYk; mtrpakhfpwJ/ mj;jifa jfty; totk; ahbjdpy;. mj;jifa eydpd; Fwpg;g[ my;yJ gpujpepjpj;Jtk; Mfpait xt;bthU tHf;fpd; NH;epiyfisr; rhh;e;jjhFk;/ FLk;gj;jpypUe;J gphptjhd bjspthd vz;zj;jpd; mwptpg;ghdJ. mjdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; gpw cWg;gpdh;fspd; mwptpw;F vl;lntz;Lk; vd;gJ mLj;j njitahFk;/ Kotpd; kW Ma;thdJ. gphptjw;fhd,e;j vz;zkhdJ gy;ntW tifapy; btspg;gilahf,Uf;fntz;Lbkd bjhptpf;fpwJ/ mJ mwptpg;ghfnth my;yJ tHf;F jhf;f? yhfnth,Uf;fyhk;/ Iaj;jpw;fplkpd;wp. Fwpg;g[ my;yJ mwptpg;g[ Mfpait mj;jifa mwptpg;ghy; ghjpf;fg;glf;Toa FLk;gj;jpd;gpw cWg;gpdh;fSf;F bjhptpf;fg;glntz;Lk;/@ (nkw;go) gfte;j; gp/ Rnynf ?vjph;? jpfk;gh; nfhghy; Rnynf kw;Wk; gyh; vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wk; fPH;f;fhQqkhW jPh;g;gspj;Js;sJ:- @14/ /////Tl;Lf; FLk;g gphptpidahy; Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;jpd; jd;ikapnyJk; khw;wk; Vw;glhJ kw;Wk; Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpy; gphptpid VJk; Vw;glhky; Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;jhdJ epiyj;jpUf;Fk; tiuapy;. mJ jd; jd;ikiaj; jf;fitj;Jf;? bfhs;fpwJ/ Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; ve;jbthU cWg;gpdUk;. jd;Dila jdpg;gl;l bray;K:yk;. Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;ij jd;Dila brhj;jhf khw;wKoahJ/@ fy;ahzp (kuzkile;Jtpl;lhh;) thhpRjhuh;fshy; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; ? vjph;? ehuhazd; kw;Wk; gyh; (V/I/Mh;/ 1980 v!;/rp/ 1173) kw;Wk; gfte;j; gp/ Rnynf ?vjph;? jpfhk;gh; nfhghy; Rnynf kw;Wk; gyh; (V/I/Mh;/ 1986 v!;/rp/ 79) vd;w tHf;FfSf;fpilna Kuz;ghL cs;sjh> 95/ nkw;go fy;ahzp tHf;fpy;. fug;gd; vd;w xUth;,U kidtpfisa[k; kw;Wk; FHe;ijfisa[k; bfhz;oUe;jhh;. mth;fs; brhj;Jhpik kw;Wk; thhpR tplaj;jpy; gHf;ftHf;f rl;lj;jpd;K:yk; MSik bra;ag;gl;lbghGjpYk;. mj;jifa Fwpg;ghd gHf;ftHf;fr; rl;lk; VJk;,y;yhjepiyapy;. mth;,e;J kpjhf;c&uh rl;lj;jpdhy; MSik bra;ag;gl;lhh;/ mth; xU gjpag;gl;l Mtzj;ij epiwntw;wpdhh;/ mJ capy; my;yJ ghfg;gphptpid gj;jpuk; my;yJ FLk;g Vw;ghl;L rhd;W vd gy;ntwhf tpthpf;fg;gl;lJ/ tHf;fhdJ mtUila Kjy; kidtp K:ykhd kfdpd; tpjitahy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;lJ/ fug;gd;. K:jhijah; brhj;ij capyhf khw;wKoahJ vd;gjhy;. th/rh/M/1 (gp/1) capy; vd bfhs;sg;glKoahJ vd ePjpkd;wk; KobtLj;jJ/ nkYk; k/rh/M/1?I (gp/1) ghfg;gphptpid Mtzkhf fUjg;glKoa[kh vd ghprPypf;f ePjpkd;wk; Kw;gl;lJ/ jPh;g;g[iuapd; gj;jp?10?,y; cs;s fUj;Jfs; jPh;g;ghf tH';fg;gl,Ue;jJ vd,j;jWthapy; bfhs;sg;gl;lJ/ ePjpkd;wkhdJ. gj;jp 10?,y; fUj;J bjhptpj;jgpd;dh;. kfd;fspd; g';Ffs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;L kw;Wk; bgz;fSf;Fk; tHptif bra;ag;gl;lbghGjpYk;. k/rh/M/1 (gp/1) K:yk;. vy;iyfs; kw;;Wk; tiuaiwfs; thapyhf Mf;fg;g{h;tkhd ghfg;gphptpid bra;ag;gltpy;iy vd ePjpkd;wk; Kot[bra;jJ/ mjd;gpd;dh;. gp/1?MdJ Mf;fg;g{h;t ghfg;gphptpid Mtzk;,y;iybadpy;. bjhlUk; Tl;Lf; FLk;g epiyapd; kPjhd mjd; tpist[ Muhag;glntz;Lkh> vd ePjpkd;wk; tpdtpaJ/ mjd;gpd;dh;. ehk; bjhptpj;Js;s fUj;Jfis gj;jp?18?,y; bjhptpf;f ePjpkd;wk; Kw;gl;lJ/ gp/1 FwpaPl;lhtzj;jpy; g';Ffis Fwpg;gpl;ljd;K:yk;. Kjw;fz; Tl;Lf; FLk;g epiyapy gpst[ Vw;gl;lbjd nkYk; Kot[bra;a ePjpkd;wk; tpiae;jJ/ Tl;Lf; FLk;g epiyapy;. xUKiw gpst[ Vw;gl;Ltpl;lhy;. Tl;Lf; FLk;gk;,y;yhjjhfp. cWg;gpdh;fs; bghJr; brhj;jpd; Tl;Lhpikahsh;fshfpd;wdh; vd Kot[bra;ag;gl;lJ/ nkYk;. ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fUj;J ahbjdpy;. Tl;Lf; FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fs; mnj bfhilapd; fPH; bjhlh;e;J trpj;jdh; my;yJ brhj;Jfis vy;iyfs; kw;Wk; tiuaiwfs; K:yk; gphpf;fhky; mDgtpj;jdh; vd;gitbay;yhk; bghUl;ly;y/ kW,izg;g[ thjplg;gl;L epWtg;gl;lhyd;wp. mth;fs; Tl;L epyr; brhj;Jhpikiag; bgwKoahJ/,t;tHf;fpy; vd;d tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ kw;Wk; gpe;ija jPh;g;g[iuapy; vd;d tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gdtw;iw bjhFf;f eh';fs; nfhug;gLfpd;nwhk;/ gpe;ija (nkw;go) gfte;j; gp/ Rnynf vd;w tHf;fpd; jPh;g;g[k; mwpthh;e;j K:d;W ePjpaurh;fs; ml';fpa mkh;tpdhy; tH';fg;gl;ljhFk;/ 96/ nkw;go tHf;fpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l bghUz;ikfis. ehk; RUf;fkhf fhz;nghk;/ tHf;fpy;,uz;lhk; kWg;ghsUld; tHf;fhsuhf,Ue;j nky;KiwaPl;lhsUk;. mtUila rnfhjuh;fSs;,UtUk;,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;gpdh;fshth;/ bghJ tiuaiw epWtdKk; kw;Wk; Tl;lhz;ika[k;,Ue;jd/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; Tl;Lf; FLk;g jiytuhf (fh;j;jhthf) bray;gl;oUe;jhh;/ mth; epWtdj;jpd; (epWkk;) nkyhz;ik,af;Fduhft[k; bray;gl;oUe;jhh;/ mJ bjhlh;ghf. mjw;fhf mth; tUtha; <l;oapUe;jhh;/,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;g[ mtrpak; vGe;j tpdh ahbjdpy;. mt;tUthahdJ nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; jdpg;gl;l tUthahf ghtpf;fg;glntz;Lkh> my;yJ mJ Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpw;Fhpajh> vd;gjhFk;/ Tl;lhz;ik Mtzj;ija[k;. gpw Mtz';fisa[k; ghprPypj;jgpd;dh;.,e;ePjpkd;wkhdJ. fPH;f;fhQqkhW fUj;J bjhptpj;jJ: @14/ ////Tl;Lf; FLk;g gphptpidahy; Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;jpd; jd;ikapnyJk; khw;wk; Vw;glhJ kw;Wk; Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpy; gphptpid VJk; Vw;glhky; Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;jhdJ epiyj;jpUf;Fk; tiuapy;. mJ jd; jd;ikiaj; jf;fitj;Jf;? bfhs;fpwJ/ Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; ve;jbthU cWg;gpdUk;. jd;Dila jdpg;gl;l bray;K:yk;. Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;ij jd;Dila brhj;jhf khw;wKoahJ/@ 97/ Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;jhdJ ghfg;gphptpid bra;ag;glhky; epiyj;jpUf;Fk;tiuapy;. mr;brhj;jpd; jd;ikapy; khw;wk; VJk; Vw;glhJ vd;w,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fUj;jpd;K:yk;,t;tHf;fpy; tprhuiz ePjpkd;wkhdJ xU fijia cUthf;fpa[s;sJ/ gp/1?,d;K:yk; gphptpid Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lbghGjpYk;. tp/ u';fRthkp eha[L kw;Wk; mtUila rnfhjuh; ml';fpa FLk;gj;jpd; brhj;jhdJ Tl;lhfnt,Ue;jJ vd;Wk;. mJ tp/ u';fRthkp eha[Lthy; capy; bfhil mspf;fg;gl;lJnghd;W mspf;fg;glKoahbjd;Wk; Kot[bra;jJ/ Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wkhdJ. bghUz;ikapd; mog;gilapy; KotpypUe;J ntWgLtjhf Twp. jPh;g;g[iuapdpd;W ntWgl;lJ/ 98/ cz;ikapy; mj;jifa Kuz;ghL VJkpy;iy vd eh';fs; epidf;fpd;nwhk;/ (nkw;go) mg;g{tpah; tHf;fpy; gpug[f;fs; ePjpait (gphptP ft[d;rpy;) Vw;bfdnt vd;d tFj;Js;sJ vd;gij eh';fs; ftdpj;Js;nshk;/ xU gphptpidahfhj,e;J FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fs;. xU Fwpg;gpl;l brhj;J. gpd;dh;. xUrpy tiuaWf;fg;gl;l g';Ffspd; cilika[hpikf;Fl;gl;L,Uj;jy; ntz;Lk; vdj; j';fSf;Fs;shfnt xj;Jf;bfhs;fpwnghJ. mJ gphptpidahfhj brhj;J kw;Wk; Tl;L mDnghfk; vd;w jd;ikia,He;JtpLk;; mjw;Fg;gpwF mr;brhj;nj ghpf;fg;glhkYk; g';fplg;glhkYk;,Ue;jhY';Tl xt;bthU cWg;gpdUk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l tiuaWf;fg;gl;l g';fpidg; bgWth;/ 99/ nkw;go tHf;fhdJ cz;ikapy; gphpf;fg;glhj,e;J Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; ghfg;gphptpidg; gj;jpuj;ija[k; cs;slf;FfpwJ vd;Wk;. nkYk;. gphpf;fg;glhj brhj;jpd; tuk;bgy;iyfs; gphpf;fg;gLk;tiu mij gphpf;fg;gl;l brhj;jhf khw;WtJ vd;gJ gadw;wJ vd;w thJiuia ePjpkd;wj;jhy; ghprPypf;fg;glntz;Lk; vd;gij epidtpw;bfhs;sntz;Lk;/ Fwpg;ghf. Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpy; gphptpidia Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w Tl;Lhpikahpd; ghfk;gphpj;jy; Fwpj;j tpsk;g[ifapd; tpisit ePjpkd;wk; ghprPypf;ftpy;iy/ mt;thwhd ghfg;gphptpid khw;wj;jpd;nghJ. Fwpg;gpl;l tifapyhd brhj;Jfs; Fwpj;j Tl;Lhpikahpd; chpikahdJ. ve;j cld;gof;ifnah my;yJ ghfg;gphp? tpidnah,d;wp mjd; tuk;bgy;iyfSf;Fl;gl;L jdpg;gl;l kw;Wk; g{uz chpikfshf khw;wg;glyhkh vd;gjhd tpdhit ePjpkd;wk; ghprPypf;ftpy;iy/ 100/ fphp$hgha; ?vjph;? rjhrpt; Jd;jpuh$;42. vd;w tHf;fpy;. nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; fzth; kpjhf;c&uh Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; nkyhsUf;F ghfg;gphptpid bra;a[k;goahd jdJ tpUg;gj;ij btspg;gLj;jp gjpt[bgw;w mwptpg;g[ xd;wpid rhh;t[bra;jhh;. mJ ghfg;gphptpidf;fhd chpik tHf;fhf gpd;bjhlh;e;jJ vd;gjhd NH;epiy Fwpj;J gphpl;ldpd; murg; nguitapy; tpthjpf;fg;gl;lJ/ mJFwpj;J gj;jpfs; 25 kw;Wk; 28?,y; eh';fs; fUj;Jiuj;Js;nshk;/ 101/ vdnt. tpthjj;jpd; RUf;fj;jpd;go eh';fs; gpd;tUkhW jPh;khdpf;fpnwhk;:,e;J rl;lg;go ghfg;gphptpidahdJ.,U bghUs;TWfis Fwpj;J tpthjpf;fpwJ/ xUtifapy; ghh;j;jhy;. ghfg;gphptpidahdJ. tuk;bgy;iyfSf;Fs; ghfg;gphptpid bghJthf Kot[bra;af;Toa Kjy; epiyahFk;/ Tl;Lhpikahsh;fSf;F kj;jpapy; Tl;L thlifa[hpika[s;sJ/ xU,e;J Tl;LhpikahdJ jug;gpdh;fSf;fpilnaahd cld;gof;ifapd;thapyhf cUthf;fg;glKoahky;. rl;lg;go cUthf;fg;gLfpwtplj;J. mij jfh;j;jplKoa[k; my;yJ Tl;Lf;FLk;gj;jpy; Koit bfhz;LtUk;goahd Tl;Lhpikahsh;fspd; jd;dpr;irahd tpsk;g[ifapd;K:yk; ghfg;gphptpidia Vw;gLj;jplt[k; Koa[k;/,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[fs; 6 kw;Wk; 30 Mfpatw;wpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sijg;nghd;W. ghfg;gphptpid Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F
42. V/I/Mh;/ 1916 gp/rp/ 104 Kd;ghf Tl;Lhpikahshplk;,Ue;jnj brhj;JhpikahFk;/ ghfg;gphptpidf;fhd nehf;fj;ijj; jtpu ntbwjida[k; btspg;gLj;jhky; tpsk;g[if bra;tjd;nghpy;. mij kw;w Tl;Lhpikahsh;-Tl;Lhpikahsh;fSf;F bjhptpf;Fk;tifapy;,Uj;jy;ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; IankJkpy;iy. mt;thwhf bghUs;gLfpd;w ghfg;gphptpidahdJ chpikK:yj;jpy; gphptpidia Vw;gLj;JtJ vd;gjhFk;/ Vw;bfdnt fUj;Jiuj;Js;sgo. ghfg;gphptpidapd; nkw;go bghUs;tpsf;fkhdJ gue;j bray;tpist[fis bfhz;Ls;sJ/ v";Rhpikahshpd; kug[hpik vd;fpw nfhl;ghlhdJ. Tl;L Fj;jifa[hpikia cs;slf;FfpwJ. mJ Kjy; NHypy; ghfg;gphptpid epiwntw;wg;? gl;oUf;fpwtplj;J Kot[Wk;/ mt;thwhd ghfg;gphptpidia Vw;gLj;jpa gpd;dh; Tl;Lhpikah;,we;Jtpl;lhh;. v";Rhpikah; vd;w nfhl;ghl;od; mog;gilapyhd chpikahdJ,y;yhjjhf;fg;gLk;. mt;thwhd ghfg;gphptpidf;Fg; gpd;dh; mtUf;F,wg;g[ Vw;gl;lhy;. mtuJ rl;lg;goahd thhpRjhuh;fs; thhpRhpikiag; bgw chpika[ilath;fshth;/ mt;thwhf Tl;L Fj;jifa[hp? ikahdJ bghJ Fj;jifa[hpikahf khw;wg;gLk;. MapDk; mJ Kjypy; ghfg;gphptpid Vw;gLj;jg;gl;oUf;Fk; FLk;gr; brhj;Jfspy; TLjyhf,d;wp gphpf;fg;gl;l FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fSf;F jdpg;gl;lKiwapy; gphpf;fg;gl;L khw;wg;gLk; vd;W Fwpg;gpLtJ xd;whfhJ/ gftj; gp/ Ryhnf vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fUj;Jiu,JntahFk;/ v';fshy; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sgo. jPh;g;g[iuapd; gj;jp 14?,y; cs;sl';fpa[s;s rl;lj;jpd; nfhl;ghLfshdJ. nkw;go tHf;fpd; rpwg;g[ bghUz;ikfs; K:ynk mwpe;Jbfhs;sKoa[k; vd;w Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fUj;Jiuia eh';fs; fPnH Fwpg;gpltpy;iy/ tuk;bgy;iyfs; gphpg;gbjd;gJ. brhj;Jfis ghfj;jpw;nfw;g gphpg;gjhFk; vdg; bghJthf g[hpe;Jbfhs;sg;gLfpwJ/ xh;,e;J capiy vGjKoa[kh> capiy epiwntw;Wtjw;fhd mtuJ mjpfhuj;jpd; tuk;bgy;iyfs; vJthFk;> 1956?Mk; Mz;L,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 30?I mky;gLj;Jtjd;K:yk; VnjDk; khw;w';fs; bfhz;Ltug;gl;ldth> 102/,e;J rl;l cld;gof;ifahdJ. capypd; fUj;Jiuia cs;slf;Ffpwjhf njhd;wtpy;iy/ MapDk; fhyg;nghf;fpy;. capy; vGJtjpy; xh;,e;Jtpd; mjpfhu';fs; Fwpj;J ePjpkd;w';fs; mwpe;Jbfhz;Ls;sJ/,t;tHf;fpy;. kpjhf;c&uh rl;lk; bjhlh;ghf ehk; tpthjpf;fpnwhk;/ mjd;fPH;.,e;J xUth;.,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lk; mkYf;F tUtjw;F Kd;ghfnt mtuJ jdpg;gl;l kw;Wk; nrh;e;jile;j brhj;Jfis capy; tHp vGjyhk;;/ Tl;Lf; FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;gpduhf,Uf;Fk;,e;J xUth; gy;ntW tpjkhd jdpg;gl;l brhj;ij mtuJ RthjPdj;jpYk; itj;jpUf;fyhk;/ mit,e;J xUth;. mtuJ je;ij my;yhJ ntbwhU eghplkpUe;njh. ghl;ld;. Kg;ghl;ld; MfpnahhplkpUe;njh thhpRhpik K:yk; bgwg;gl;l brhj;J. Xh;,e;J fy;tp tHpapdhy; <l;lg;gl;l midj;J brhj;Jfspd; jdpg;gl;l tUkhdk;. muR khdpak; (1930?,d; K:yk; tpsk;g[if bra;ag;gl;l,e;J fy;tp tHp <l;lg;gl;l brhj;J) Mfpait chpikj; jilahd brhj;ij cs;slf;FfpwJ/,jidf;Fwpj;J. Ky;yhtpDila,e;J rl;lj;jpd; 23?MtJ gjpg;g[ gf;fk; 341?342?Ys;s gj;jp 228?,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ capy; vGJtij fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;w rl;lj;ijg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. mij fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; Fwpg;gpl;l rl;lk; VJkpy;iy/ 1865?Mk; Mz;oy; jhd; thhpRhpikr; rl;lk; eilKiwf;F te;jJ/ mJ,e;JfSf;Fg; bghUe;jhJ/ 1870,e;J capy; rl;lkhdJ tuk;g[ila gad;ghl;oidf; bfhz;lJ. (kw;wtw;wpw;fpilna brd;id efuj;jpYs;s,e;Jf;fspd; capy;fSf;Fg; bghUe;Jk;) 1865?,d;,e;jpa thhpRhpikr; rl;lkhdJ,e;JfSf;F bghUe;jf;Toa Fwpg;gpl;l rpy tifa';fis mspj;Js;sJ vd;gjpy; IankJkpy;iy/ 1881?Mk; Mz;L capy; bka;g;gpjH; kw;Wk; epUthfr; rl;lj;jpd; fPH;. capy; epiwntw;whsh; vd;gth; v";Rhpikah; Fwpj;j rl;l tpjpf;Fl;gl;L,e;J xUthpd; rl;lg;goahd rhh;ghw;Weuhthh;/ 1925?Mk; Mz;L,e;jpa thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 211?MdJ mnj rl;l epiyg;ghl;oid bjhlh;fpwJ/ vdpDk;. Ke;ija thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;ij ePf;fk; bra;j 1925.,e;jpa thhpRhpikr; rl;lkhdJ gphpt[ 57?,d; thapyhf 1927?Mk; Mz;L $dthp 1?Mk; ehsd;nwh my;yJ mjw;Fg; gpd;dnuh,e;J. bgsj;jk;. rPf;fpak; my;yJ b$adj;ij rhh;e;jtuhy; vGjg;gl;l capy; kw;Wk; capypd; gpw;nrh;f;iffs; rl;lj;jpd; ml;ltiz III?,y; tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;sgo gFjp VI?,d; tifa';fspy; tifbra;fpwJ. mjw;F Ke;ija TWfshd mjhtJ. gphpt[ 57?,d; fPHhd TWfs; (m) kw;Wk; (M)?f;F mt;tifa';fis bghUj;jplyhfhJ/ vdnt. Xh;,e;Jthy; epiwntw;wg;gl;l rpwg;g[hpikaw;w capiyg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. 1927?Mk; Mz;L $dthp 1?Mk; ehSf;Fg; gpd;dh;. mj;jifabjhU capy; Fiwe;jgl;rk;,uz;L rhl;rpfis bfhz;L rhd;bwhg;gkpLjy; fl;lhakhf;fg;gl;lJ Mfpatw;iw gphpt[ 63 ntz;LWj;JfpwJ/ vdnt Xh;,e;Jthy; epiwntw;wg;gl;l capYk;. 1927. $dthp 1?Mk; ehs; Kjy; Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ/ 103/,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 30?MdJ gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ: @capy;tHp,w';Fhpik: capy; tHpahf my;yJ gpw tpUg;ghtz Vw;ghl;od; tHpahf mayilt[ bra;ag;glj;jf;fr; brhj;J vjida[k;.,e;J xUth;,e;jpa thhpRhpikr; rl;lk; 1925?,d; tifa';fSf;F,z';fnth my;yJ,e;Jf;fSf;Fg; bghUe;Jwj;jf;f epyt[Wk; gpw rl;lk; vjdpd; tifafSf;F,z';fnth mayilt[r; bra;ayhk;/ tpsf;fk; ? kpjhf;c&uh rl;lj;jpd;go gpwg;g[tHp g';Fhpikr; brhj;jpy;,e;J Mz; xUtUf;Fs;s chpj;jnkh. juthL. jutHp.,y;yk;. FLk;gk;. my;yJ fhtF brhj;jpy;. mjidr; rhh;e;j cWg;gpdh; xUtUf;Fs;s chpj;jnkh.,e;jr; rl;lj;jpd; my;yJ epyt[W gpw rl;lk; vjdpYk; cs;s vJ vt;thwpUg;gpDk;,e;j cl;gphptpd;; bghUs;go mJ mtshnyh mtdhnyh mayilt[ bra;ag;glj;jf;f brhj;jhfr; bfhs;sg;gLk;@/ 104/ mJ capiy epiwntw;Wtjw;F xU,e;Jtpd; mjpfhuk; Fwpj;J rl;lj;jpy; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jpajh> Kd;djhf ftdj;jpy; bfhz;Ltug;gl;Ls;sgoahd.,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lk;,aw;wg;gl;ljw;F Kd;g[.,e;J xUth; jdJ jdpg;gl;l kw;Wk; Rark;ghj;jpa brhj;ij capy;tHp mspf;fyhk;/ mth; Tl;Lhpikahsuhf,Uf;fpd;w Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;jpy; mtuJ chpikia capy;tHp epiwntw;Wk; mjpfhuj;ijg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. mj;jifabjhU bray; rl;lg;go Vw;g[ilajy;y/ vk;/vd;/ Mh;aK:h;j;jp ?vjph;? vk;/o/ Rg;guha brl;o43 ?,y;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuia eh';fs; Fwpj;Jf;fhl;lyhk;. mjpy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;Kot[ gpd;tUkhW: @///// Mdhy; JujpUc&;ltrkhf. yr;irah je;ijahf,Ue;jnghjpYk;,e;J rl;lj;jpd;go Tl;Lf; FLk;gr; brhj;ijnah my;yJ mjd; VnjDk; gFjpianah capy;K:yk; jPh;t[bra;a KoahJ. mt;thW capy;K:yk; bra;ag;gl;l gy;ntW tifapyhd brhj;J Vw;ghLfs; brayw;wJ vd;gJ bjspt[ (fhz;f. ghh;tjpgha; ?vjph;? gfte;j; ge;jhhpehj;: 39 ghk;ng 593: V/I/Mh;/ 1915 ghk;ng 265 kw;Wk; Rg;ghuhkp bul;o ?vjph;? uhkk;kh. 43 bkl;uh!; 824: V/I/Mh;/ 1920 bkl;uh!; 637)/