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Kf;fpakhd rl;l vGtpdh vd;w brhw;bwhlh;. mg;nghjpUe;j c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 100 (1973?Mk; Mz;L Kjw;bfhz;L jpUj;jr; rl;lj;jhy; ePf;fg;gl;lJ)?,d; filrpf; Twpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lthW. ghprPyidf;fhf te;jJ kw;Wk;,J bghJthf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j xU rl;l vGtpdh vd bghUs;gltpy;iybad;whYk;,t;tHf;fpy; ml';fpa[s;s Kf;fpakhd rl;l vGtpdhthFk; vd me;j ePjpaurh;fs; jPh;khdpj;jdh;/ rh; Rdpyhy; tHf;fpy; [1962 rg;sp (3) v!;/rp/Mh;/ 549: V/I/Mh;/ 1962 v!;/rp/ 1314]. bkl;uh!; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; KG mkh;thy;. hpkyhg[o Rg;gh uht; ?vjph;? 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Kd;djhf xU ehl;od; rl;lj;jhy; mWjpaplg;glhknyh my;yJ Kd; jPh;g;g[ vjdhYk; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;glhknyh,Uf;fntz;Lk;. nkYk; mJ vt;tpjj;jpYk; gjpyspf;fg;glntz;Lbkd;why; mjd; Kd;ghf cs;s tHf;fpd; jPh;Kotpd;nghpy; kw;Wk;-my;yJ jug;gpdh;fspd; chpikfspd;nghpy; mJ Kf;fpakhd tplag;bghUisf; bfhz;oUf;fntz;Lk;/ 33/ xU rl;l vGtpdh @tHf;fpy; ml';fp@apUf;fntz;Lbkd;why;. mjw;F Kjypy; thJiufspy; Xh; mog;gilia mikf;fntz;Lk;. nkYk; mt;btGtpdh. bghUz;ikrhh; ePjpkd;w';fshy; vl;lg;bgw;w epiyepWj;jj;jf;f bghUz;ik fhz;Kot[fspypUe;J btsptuntz;Lk; kw;Wk; tHf;fpy; epahakhd kw;Wk; Kiwahd KobtLg;gjw;fhf mt;btGtpdhitj; jPh;khdpg;gJ mtrpakhdjhf,Uf;fntz;Lk;/ 34/,t;tHf;fpy; cs;sthW. mj;jifa rl;l vGtpdh my;yJ rl;lk; kw;Wk; bghUz;ik fyg;g[ vGtpdht[';Tl tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk; my;yJ Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk; Kd;ghf typa[Wj;jg;glhjtplj;J.,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; g";rnfhghy; gU:th ?vjph;? tpndc&; re;jpu nfh!;thkp[3] vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lthW Xh;,uz;lhk; nky;KiwaPL Vw;Wf;bfhs;sg;gl,ayhJ/ 35/ xU rl;l vGtpdh Kf;fpakhd xd;wh> vd;gJk;. mt;btGtpdh tHf;fpy; ml';fpa[s;sjh>,y;iyah> vd;gJk; xt;bthU tHf;fpd; r';fjpfs; kw;Wk; N:H;epiyfisr; rhh;e;jjhFk;/ xl;Lbkhj;j jiyaha ghprPyid ahbjdpy;. vy;yh epiyfspYk; ePjp tH';Fk; jtph;f;ftpayh flikf;Fk;. ve;j tHf;fpd; Ma[isa[k; ePl;og;gijj; jtph;f;Fk; tpjkhd tw;g[Wj;Jk; njitf;Fk;,ilnaahd ePjp Jyhf;nfhiy J}f;fpg; gpog;gJ njitahFk;/,e;j Kd;bkhHpa[iu. re;njhc&; cwrhhp ?vjph;? g[Unc&hj;jk; jpthhp[4] vd;w tHf;fpypUe;J Mjuit ehLfpwJ/ 36/ Xh;,uz;lhk; nky;KiwaPl;oy;. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mjpfhutuk;g[. 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(ii) Xh; tHf;fpy; Kf;fpakhd rl;l vGtpdh ml';fpa[s;sJ.

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VJk; Mtzj;jpd; rl;lg;goahd bray;tpist[ my;yJ bghUs;tpsf;fk; Fwpj;njh. mjhtJ mJ rl;l vGtpdhit vGg;gf;ToaJ vd;gijf; Fwpj;njh cah; ePjpkd;wk; Kd;ghf fUj;J ntWghL VJkpy;iy/ cah; ePjpkd;wk; Kd;ghf cs;s vGtpdh. mWjpaplg;gl;l rl;lf; nfhl;ghLfshnyh kw;Wk;-my;yJ Kd;jPh;g;g[fshnyh cs;slf;fg;glhjjhy;,J tpthjpf;fj;jf;f tpdhty;y/ 39/ VJk; Kf;fpakhd vGtpdhtpd;nghpy; Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wj;jhy; mspf;fg;gLk; jPh;Kot[. mWjpaplg;gl;l rl;l vGtpdh vjida[k; kPwptpl;lJ vd;gnjh my;yJ Kuzhdtw;why; ghjpg;gile;Jtpl;lJ vd;gnjh vtUila tHf;Fky;y/ xl;Lbkhj;jkhf vLf;fg;gLk; rhd;W. Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fhz;Kotpid. epahakhdtifapy; Mjhpg;gjpy;iy vd;gnjh. Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk; gjpt[Ur; rhd;wpid bghUsw;w Kiwapnyh kw;Wk;-my;yJ kdk;nghd nghf;fpnyh bghUs;tpsf;fk; bra;jJ vd;gnjh vtUila tHf;Fky;y/ Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk;. VJk; mWjpaplg;gl;l rl;lf; nfhl;ghl;oidg; bghUl;gLj;jhknyh my;yJ mjw;Fkhwhf bray;gl;nlh. mjd; Koit vl;oa[s;sJ vd;gJk; vtUila tHf;Fky;y/ 40/ Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk; gjpt[U rhd;wpid tphpthf Muha;e;J. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;?gpujpthjp. tHf;F tshfj;jpd; xU gFjpapd; chpikahsh; vd;Wk;. vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;?thjp. tHf;F tshfj;jpd; kw;bwhU gFjpapd; chpikahsh; vd;Wk; xU epahakhd Kotpid vl;oaJ/ vjd;K:yk; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;?gpujpthjpf;Fhpa kw;Wk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;?thjpf;Fhpa chpik Kd;dth;fs;. tHf;F tshfj;jpd; kPjhd chpikK:yj;ijg; bgw;wdnuh. me;j gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l chpikkhw;w Mtz';fs; cl;gl. ek;gj;jf;fJk; fl;Lg;gLj;JtJkhd chpikK:y Mtz';fspd; mog;gilapyhdnj,f;fhz;KothFk;/ bka;g;gpf;fg;gl;l r';fjpapypUe;J jtwhd Kot[ VJk; vLf;fg;glt[kpy;iy/ bka;g;gpf;Fk; flika[k; jtwhf,lkhw;wpaikf;fg;glt[kpy;iy/ 41/,uz;lhtJ rl;l vGtpdh mjhtJ nkny fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;L. thJiufs; kw;Wk; rhd;wpd; mog;gilapy; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd thjp rhh;ghf Kot[ bra;ag;gl;Ls;sthW. thjp. ghjp tHf;Fr; brhj;J bjhlh;ghd chpikK:y tpsk;g[iff;F chpikahdth; vd Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk; jPh;khdpj;jJ rhpah> vd;w vGtpdhthFk;/ tHf;Fr; brhj;jpy; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; thjpapd; ghjp g';F Fwpj;j tpsk;g[iff;F mtUila jFjpg;ghL Fwpj;j Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kot[.,uz;lhk; nky;KiwaPl;oy; jiyaPl;ilf; nfhutpy;iy/ 42/ cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; tidag;gl;l Kjy; vGtpdh mjhtJ. 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Rkhh; 75 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dhy; epiwntw;wg;gl;l chpikkhw;w Mtzj;jpd; mog;gilapy; tHf;Fr; brhj;jpd; cilika[hpikapidf; nfhhpdhh; vd;gJ bjs;sj;bjspthfpwJ/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;?gpujpthjp. jdJ je;ijahy; epiwntw;wg;gl;l cilik chpiktpLg;g[ Mtzj;jpd; mog;gilapy; 1966?Mk; Mz;L Kjy; bjhlh; RthjPdj;ijf; nfhhpa[s;shh;/ mjhtJ. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;?gpujpthjp chpik tHf;F jhf;fy; bra;tjw;F Kd;ghf Rkhh; 28 Mz;Lfs; chpikahsuhf tHf;F tshfj;jpd; RthjPdj;jpy;,Ue;Jte;jjhff; Twpa[s;shh;/ 50/,t;tHf;fpd; r';fjpfs; kw;Wk; N:H;epiyfspd;go ghh;j;jhy;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;?gpujpthjp. tHf;Fr; brhj;jpd; xU gFjpf;Fj;jhd; chpikahsh; vd;whYk;. mth; KGr;brhj;jpd; RthjPdj;jpypUe;J te;jhh; vd;gij kWg;gjw;fpy;iy. nkYk; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;?gpujpthjp. chpikahsuhf gy Mz;Lfshf bjhlh;e;J RthjPdj;jpypUe;J te;jjhf jdJ vjph;tHf;Fiuapy; Twpa[s;shh;. vjph;epiy RthjPdk; tHpahd cilika[hpik bjspthf thJiuf;fg;gl;oUf;ftpy;iybad;whY';Tl. vjph;tHf;Fiuapy; nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; vjph;thjk; kpft[k; Kf;fpakhdjhd vjph;epiy RthjPdk; Fwpj;nj,Ue;jJ/ vdpDk;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;?gpujpthjp vjph;epiy RthjPdk; K:yk; chpikK:yk; nfhu chpika[ilatuh>,y;iyah vd;w tpdhit Muha;tJ,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F mtrpakpy;iy/ 51/ RthjPdj; jPh;g;ghiz nfhUk; egh;. mr;RthjPdj;ijg; bgWtjw;F mtuJ jFjpg;ghl;il epWtntz;Lk;. nkYk; mtuJ nfhhpf;if. fhytiuaiw rl;l';fshy; jilbra;ag;gltpy;iy vd;gija[k; epWtpf;fhl;lntz;Lk;/ mth; rhl;Liuj;j mj;JkPwpath; RthjPdj;ij bgWtjw;F Kd;ghfnt jhd; RthjPdj;ijg; bgw;wpUe;jhh; vd;gijf; fhz;gpf;fntz;Lk;/ 52/ @chpikK:yj;ijj; bjhlh;e;JtUk; RthjPdk;@ vd;Dk; KJbkhHp. brhj;Jf;F mjd; bghUe;Jifiag; bghWj;J tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd; jd;ikiag; bghWj;jtiu. mJ midtUk; brd;WtUk; jpwe;jbtspapl';fs; tifapy;. cz;ikahd kw;Wk; jdpj;Jtkhd ifa[ilikf;F mDkjpf;fhJ/ vtUk; RthjPdj;ij cWjpahf bka;g;gpf;fhjnghJ kl;Lnk chpikK:yj;ij bjhlh;e;J RthjPdk; tUtjhf fUjg;glntz;Lk; vd;w mDkhdk; vGfpwJ/,t;tHf;fpy; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;?gpujpthjp jhd; RthjPdj;jpYs;shnubahHpa vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;?thjp my;y vd xg;g[f;bfhs;sg;gLfpwJ/ 53/ mirahr; brhj;jpd; RthjPd kPsg;bgWjYf;fhd Xh; chpik tHf;F. 1963?Mk; Mz;L fhytiuaiwr; rl;lj;jhy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ/ fhytiuaiwr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 3. mr;rl;lj;jpy; tFj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l tiuaiw fhyk; fhyhtjpahd gpwF. chpik tHf;F vjida[k; jhf;fy; bra;tijj; jilbra;fpwJ/ vjph;thjj;jpy;. fhytiuaiw vd;w thjk; vLf;fg;gl;oUf;fhtpl;lhY';Tl tiuaiw fhyk; fhyhtjpahd gpwF. jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l chpik tHf;ifj; js;Sgo bra;tjw;F ePjpkd;wk; flikg;gl;Ls;sJ/ 54/ mirahr; brhj;ij kPsg;bgWtjw;fhd chpik tHf;FfSf;fhd tiuaiw fhyk;. fhytiuaiwr; rl;lj;jpw;Fhpa ml;ltizapd; gFjp V?,y; tFj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. nkYk; mjpy; Fwpg;ghf tFKiwf;TWfs; 64 kw;Wk;

65. trjpf;fhf,jd;fPH; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd:gFjp V. ? mirahr; brhj;J bjhlh;ghd chpik tHf;Ffs; brhj;J tptuk; tiuaiw fhyk; tiuaiwf; fhyk; vg;nghjpypUe;J bjhl';FfpwJ 64/ chpikK:yj;jpd;nghpyy;yhky; Ke;ija RthjPdj;jpd; mog;gilapy;. brhj;jpd; TthjPdj;jpy; thjp,Uf;Fk;nghJ mtiu btspnaw;wp RthjPdk; bgWtjw;fhf gd;dpbuz;L Mz;Lfs; RthjPdj;jpypUe;J btspnaw;Wk; ehs; 65/ chpik K:yj;jpd; mog;gilapy; mirahr; brhj;jpd; RthjPdj;jpw;Fk; my;yJ mjpYs;s ghj;jpaij vjw;Fk; gd;dpbuz;L Mz;Lfs; gpujpthjpapd; RthjPdk; thjpf;F vjph;epiy MfpwnghJ m) v";Rhpikahsh;. gpd;dilt[hpikah; (chpikahsh; my;yhjth;) my;yJ capy;tHp chpik bgWgth; Mfpnahuhy; chpik tHf;F jhf;fy; bra;ag;gLkplj;J. v";Rhpikahsh;. gpd;dila[hpikah; my;yJ capy;tHp chpikbgWgth; Mfpnahhpd; brhj;J neh;t[f;nfw;g RthjPdj;jpw;Fs; tUfpwnghJjhd; gpujpthjpapd; RthjPdk; vjph;epiyahfptpl;ljhff; fUjg;gLjy;ntz;Lk;/ M) Xh;,e;J my;yJ K!;yPk; bgz;zpd;,wg;gpd;nghpy; mirahr; brhj;jpd; RthjPdj;Jf;F chpikahd Xh;,e;J my;yJ K!;yPk; bgz; chpik tHf;F jhf;fy; bra;a[kplj;J. mg;bgz;,wf;fpwnghJjhd; gpujpthjpapd; RthjPdk; vjph;epiyahfptpl;ljhff; fUjg;gLjy;ntz;Lk;/,) tpw;gid ehsd;W jPh;g;g[f; fldhsp RthjPdj;Jf;F btspapy;,Ue;jhh; vDk;nghJ. jPh;g;ghizia epiwntw;Wk;tifapy; tpw;gidapy; cs;s tpiyf;F th';fpatuhy; chpik tHf;F jhf;fy; bra;ag;gLkplj;J. 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