Santosh v. State of Delhi

Delhi High Court · 17 Jan 2023 · 2023:DHC:600
Jasmeet Singh
BAIL APPLN. 4288/2021
2023:DHC:600
criminal bail_granted Significant

AI Summary

The Delhi High Court granted bail to the petitioner in an NDPS case, holding that mixing narcotic samples before testing violates mandatory Standing Orders and vitiates evidence.

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BAIL APPLN. 4288/2021
HIGH COURT OF DELHI
Date of Decision: 17.01.2023
BAIL APPLN. 4288/2021
SANTOSH ..... Petitioner
Through: Mr. Rahul Sharma, Mr. Ishwar Singh, Mr. S. Santanam Swami Nathan, Ms. Abhilasha Sherawat, Mr. Akshat Maheshwari, Mr. Deepak Ghai, Ms. Yash Kumar, Advs.
VERSUS
STATE OF DELHI ..... Respondent
Through: Mr. Aashneet Singh, APP for State
CORAM:
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE JASMEET SINGH JASMEET SINGH, J (ORAL)
JUDGMENT

1. This is an application seeking grant of bail in FIR No.482/2019 under Section 21 of NDPS Act registered at PS Bharat Nagar, Distt. North West.

2. The FIR states that the applicant was apprehended at B-123 Block, J.J. Colony, Wazirpur. On her search, 33.59 gram of smack was found in 258 pouches.

3. As per the FIR, it is stated that the contraband from the 258 pouches was mixed and thereafter samples were drawn. Thereafter, notice under Section 50 was issued and thereupon proceedings were conducted.

4. It is stated by Mr. Sharma, learned counsel for the petitioner that as per FIR, it is clear that the samples were mixed by the respondent and hence, the sample itself is vitiated /contaminated. He relied upon the judgement of Coordinate Bench of this Court titled as “Ram Bharose vs. State” in Bail Application No.1623/22 where it has been observed: “...as has been observed by the Co-ordinate Bench of this Court vide paragraph 15, 16, 17, 18 and 33 thereof to the effect:- “15. In view of the stringent provisions of the NDPS Act, the issue to be considered is whether the procedure specified under the Standing Orders can be flouted.

16. A combined reading of paras of the Standing Orders would show that there were more than one container/package is found, the respondent is required to draw a sample from each of the individual container/package and test each of the sample with the „field testing kit‟. It is further provided that if the container/packages are identical in shape, size and weight then lots of 10 of 40 containers/packages may be prepared and thereafter representatives samples from each container/package in a particular lot are to be drawn, mixed and sent for testing.

17. Mixing of the contents of container/package (in one lot) and then drawing the representative samples is not permissible under the Standing Orders and rightly so since such a sample would cease to be a representative sample of the corresponding container/package.

18. In the present case, four packets containing suspicious powdery substance were found concealed in a „stroller bag‟. On testing with the „field testing kit‟, the powder in each packet tested positive for heroin. The IO without weighing the contents of each individual packet, mixed the powder from all the 4 packets in one polythene bag and then drew the sample from the mixure. xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx

33. Resultantly, this court is of the view that the samples sent to the CRCL were not the representative samples. Besides, by mixing the contents of all the 4 packets before drawing any sample not only the sanctity of the case property in the individual packet was lost but also the evidence as to how much each individual packet weighed. In reaching the aforesaid conclusion, I also draw support from the decisions in Shajahan v. Inspector of Excise (DB) reported as 2019 SCC OnLine Ker 2685 Kulwinder Kumar vs. State of Punjab, reported as 2018 SCC Online P&H 1754 and Santosh Kumar vs. The State of Bihar passed in Criminal Appeal (SJ) No. 158/2016 decided on 30.08.2019”. ARORA

5. This Court in judgement dated 14.12.2022 titled “Laxman Thakur vs. State” has observed that:-

“7. The judgment of Sumit Tomar (supra) has been duly considered by the Coordinate Bench of this Court titled in a judgment titled as „Santini Simone vs. Department of Customs‟ [2020 SCC OnLine Del 2128] and relevant paras read as under: “57. In Sumit Tomar v. State of Punjab, (2013) 1 SCC 395, the Court was examining the case where according to the prosecution, two plastic bags containing „bhooki‟ opium powder were recovered from the dickey of the car. The contents of both the bags were mixed and two samples of 250 grams each were taken out. The remaining contraband weighing 69.5 kgs were sealed in two bags and the samples were sent to Forensic Science Laboratory for examination. It was contended on behalf of the appellant that the procedure followed by the concerned seizing officials was irregular and the alleged contraband could not be mixed and the samples taken thereafter. It was contended that since the punishment is based on the quantity of contraband recovered, mixing of substances from two bags was unacceptable. The said contention was rejected. The Court held that merely because different punishments have been prescribed depending on quantity of the contraband, the same has not caused any prejudice to the appellant. The Court reasoned that even after taking two samples of 250 grams each, 69.5 kgs of contraband was still available. 58. In Amani Fidel Chris (supra), four brown colour packets were allegedly recovered. The said packets contained powdery substances, which on being tested, yielded a positive result for heroin. The substances were then mixed properly and weighed with the help of an electronic machine and it was found that the same weighed 1.5 kgs. Thereafter, two samples of 5 grams each were drawn from the recovered substance and put into zip lock pouches. It was contended that the procedure adopted was not permissible. The procedure of transferring the contents of all four packets into one and then
ARORA drawing a sample from the mixture had caused a serious prejudice, as it could not be ascertained whether the four packets contained the alleged narcotic. The Court found that the procedure adopted fell foul of the Standing Order No. 1/88 dated 15.03.1988 issued by the Narcotics Control Bureau (which was pari materia to Standing Order 1/1989 dated 13.06.1989, issued by Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance, Government of India). The Court held that where more than one container/package is found, it is necessary that samples be drawn from each separate container/package and be tested with a field-testing kit. If the container/packages are identical in shape, size and weight then lots of 10 or 40 container/packages may be prepared. Thereafter, representative samples from each container/package be drawn.
59. In Basant Rai (supra), a Coordinate Bench of this Court considered a case where the accused was allegedly found carrying a polythene bag, containing eight smaller polythene bags, containing a brown colour substance, which was alleged to be charas. The Investigating Officer had taken small pieces from each packet and mixed the same and thereafter, drawn two samples which were sent to FSL for analysis. The Court found fault with the said procedure and allowed the appeal. The Court held as under:
“25. After hearing both the learned counsel for parties and going through the Trial Court Record, I find force in the submission of learned counsel for appellant. Admittedly, the samples were drawn after breaking small pieces from 08 of the polythene bags which were allegedly kept in a green coloured bag by the appellant in his right hand. The IO prepared two samples of 25 grams each after taking a small quantity from each of the slabs. 26. Though the settled law is that if it is not practicable to send the entire quantity then sufficient quantity by way of samples from each of the packets of pieces recovered should be sent for chemical examination. Otherwise, result thereon, may be doubted.
27. For example, if the 08 packets were allegedly recovered from the appellant and only two packets were having contraband substance and rest 6 packets did not have any contraband; though all maybe of the same colour, when we mix the substances of all 8 packets into one or two; then definitely, the result would be of the total quantity and not of the two pieces. Therefore, the process adopted by the prosecution creates suspicion. In such a situation, as per settled law, the benefit thereof should go in favour of the accused. It does not matter the quantity. Proper procedure has to be followed, without that the results would be negative.”

60. In Edward Khimani Kamau (supra), a Coordinate Bench of this Court rejected the procedure where the substance found in nine packets was transferred into one packet and two samples were drawn from the same. The Court held that it could not be ascertained that all nine packets contained heroin.

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61. In Charlse Howell @ AbelKom (supra), the NCB had allegedly recovered 330 grams of heroin. The powder recovered was packed in 166 polythene strips, which were concealed in the laces/hem of two lehengas. The concealed powder from the 166 strips was collected in a transparent polythene and on weighing, it was found to be 330 grams. Two samples of five grams were drawn and put separately in zip lock polythene pouches. A Coordinate Bench of this Court following the decision of the Supreme Court in Union of India v. Bal Mukund, (2009) 12 SCC 161, held that the procedure adopted was not in conformity with the Standing Order 1/88 dated 15.03.1988, issued by the Narcotics Control Bureau.”

6. I am of the view that as mandated by the Hon‟ble Supreme Court in judgment of „Union of India vs. Bal Mukund & Ors.‟ [(2009) 12 SCC 161], standing order 1/88 is a “requirement of law”.

7. Relevant portion of Standing order 1/88 reads as under: “2.[4] In the case of Seizure of a single package/container, one sample (in duplicate) shall be drawn. Normally, it is advisable to ARORA draw one sample (in duplicate) from each packet/container in case of seizure of more than one package/container.”

8. The standing order 1/88 mandates that the transferring of content of all packets into one and then drawing a sample from the mixture is not permitted.

9. I am of the view that in the present case, the instructions in S.O. 1/88 have not been followed and the sample has been drawn after mixing the contents of various packets into one container. The same has caused serious prejudice to the case of the applicant. The collection of sample itself is faulty.

10. In addition, the quantity recovered from the applicant is an intermediate quantity and does not fall within the ambit of commercial quantity. The rigours of Section 37 of NDPS is therefore not applicable.

11. Furthermore, the applicant is also an AIDS (PLHA) patient and is also in need of medical attention, as her immunity is compromised.

12. In view of the above, the applicant is directed to be released on bail in aforesaid FIR on the following terms and conditions: a) The applicant shall furnish a personal bond in the sum of Rs.25,000/- to the satisfaction of the Trial Court; b) The applicant shall join investigation as and when called by the I.O. concerned; c) The applicant shall provide her mobile number to the Investigating Officer (IO) concerned, which shall be kept in working condition at all times. The applicant shall not switch off, or change the same without prior intimation to the IO concerned, during the period of bail; ARORA d) In case the applicant changes her address, she will inform the IO concerned and this Court also; e) The applicant shall not leave the country during the bail period and surrender her passport, if any, at the time of release before the I.O. concerned; f) The applicant shall not indulge in any criminal activity during the bail period. g) The applicant shall not communicate with, or come into contact with any of the prosecution witnesses, or tamper with the evidence of the case.

13. The observations made hereinabove are only for the purpose of deciding the bail application and will have no bearing on the trial.

14. Hence, the application is allowed and disposed of.

JASMEET SINGH, J. JANUARY 17, 2023 ARORA