CEPCO INDUSTRIES PRIVATE LIMITED v. TEWARI RESTAURANT PRIVATE LIMITED

Delhi High Court · 09 Jan 2023 · 2023:DHC:151
Navin Chawla
CS(OS) 682/2021
2023:DHC:151
civil appeal_dismissed Significant

AI Summary

The Delhi High Court held that non-compliance with procedural requirements under the Commercial Courts Act is curable and a suit wrongly filed as non-commercial can be re-numbered and proceeded with as a commercial suit without rejection.

Full Text
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Neutral Citation Number 2023/DHC/000151
CS(OS) 682/2021
HIGH COURT OF DELHI
Reserved on:19.12.2022
Date of Decision: 09.01.2023
CS(OS) 682/2021 & I.A. 16516/2022
CEPCO INDUSTRIES PRIVATE LIMITED..... Plaintiff
Through: Mr.Jai Sahai Endlaw & Mr.Ashish Kumar, Advs.
VERSUS
TEWARI RESTAURANT PRIVATE LIMITED..... Defendant
Through: Mr.Ankur Jain, Adv.
CORAM:
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE NAVIN CHAWLA
I.A. 17306/2022
JUDGMENT

1. This application has been filed by the defendant praying for the rejection of the plaint under Order VII Rule 11(d) of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (hereinafter referred to as ‘the CPC’).

2. The learned counsel for the defendant asserts that the plaintiff, in its plaint, has admitted that by virtue of the Lease Deed dated 22.03.2016, the possession of the suit premises was handed over to the defendant for the operation of a bar/restaurant; and the provisions of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017 (in short, ‘the GST Act’) were made applicable as the defendant was also to pay Goods and Services Tax (in short, ‘GST’) over and above the agreed rent.

3. He submits that the plaintiff in paragraph 9 of the Plaint further reiterates that the defendant has been continuing to use and occupy the suit premises for its commercial purposes.

4. He submits that therefore, the present suit is a Commercial Suit of a specified value and was to be filed under the provisions of the Commercial Courts Act, 2015 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Act’). The plaintiff, however, in paragraph 17 of the plaint falsely represented the suit to be ‘non-commercial in nature’, thereby escaping the rigors of the Act. He submits that as the plaintiff failed to comply with the provisions of the Act, especially with regard to the plaint being accompanied with the ‘Statement of Truth’ and Section 12A of the Act, the plaint is liable to be rejected.

5. The learned counsel for the defendant submits that the filing of the Statement of Truth is a mandatory condition under Order VI Rule 15A of the CPC, as applicable to commercial disputes. The provision of Section 12A of the Act is also mandatory in nature. The plaintiff having failed to comply with both, and the suit being a Commercial Suit, the same is liable to be dismissed.

6. The learned counsel for the plaintiff admits that the present suit should have been filed as a Commercial Suit under the Act. He prays that the present suit be re-numbered as a Commercial Suit and be proceeded accordingly. In support, he places reliance on the judgments of this Court in Rachit Malhotra v. One97 Communications Limited., 2018 SCC OnLine Del 12410; and Apnaghar Builders Pvt. Ltd. v. Intense Fitness and SPA Pvt. Ltd., 2021 SCC OnLine Del 4128.

7. Further, placing reliance on the judgment of the Calcutta High Court in Harji Engineering Works Pvt. Ltd. v. Hindustan Steelworks Construction Ltd., 2021 SCC OnLine Cal 2457, he submits that the plaintiff be also permitted to file the ‘Statement of Truth’ as required for a Commercial Suit. He submits that the defect in filing of the Statement of Truth is a curable defect.

8. As far as non-compliance with Section 12A of the Act is concerned, he submits that the present suit was filed in December 2021; the judgment of the Supreme Court in Patil Automation Pvt. Ltd. and Ors. v. Rakheja Engineers Pvt. Ltd., (2022) 10 SCC 1, which holds the provisions of Section 12A of the Act to be mandatory, is prospective in nature, and has been made effective only from 20.08.2022. He submits that, therefore, the present suit cannot be rejected only because the plaintiff had not initiated pre-institution mediation as required under Section 12A of the Act.

9. I have considered the submissions made by the learned counsels for the parties.

10. The plaintiff has already admitted that the present suit was wrongly filed as an Ordinary Suit of a non-commercial nature. In Rachit Malhotra (supra), this Court has rejected submissions similar to the one made by the learned counsel for the defendant herein, observing as under:-

“18. The last contention of the counsel for the applicant/defendant is, that though the present suit qualified as a commercial suit, but the
plaintiff has filed as an ordinary suit and the suit has been registered as such and is liable to be rejected. Attention in this regard is drawn to Section 7 of the Commercial Courts, Commercial Division and Commercial Appellate Division of High Courts Act, 2015 (Commercial Courts Act). However, on enquiry, as to which is the Commercial Division of this Court, the counsel for the applicant/defendant admits that the suit is pending in this Court which is a Court of Ordinary Civil Jurisdiction as well as Commercial Division of the High Court.
19. I have also enquired from the counsel for the applicant/defendant, whether not it is only a case of nomenclature and even if this suit were to be a commercial suit, the same can always be registered as a commercial suit.
20. The counsel for the applicant/defendant states that the plaint does not contain the declaration as a plaint in a commercial suit is required to contain.
21. Even if that be so, it has been held in Uday Shankar Triyar v. Ram Kalewar Prasad Singh, (2006) 1 SCC 75, Union of India v. Shanti Gurung, 2014 SCC OnLine Del 989, Haldiram (India) Pvt. Ltd. v. Haldiram Bhujiawala, 2009 (109) DRJ 647 (SLP(Civil) No. 11587/2009 preferred whereagainst has been dismissed vide order dated 14th May, 2009) that non-compliance with procedural requirements should not entail automatic dismissal or rejection if the defect or irregularity is curable.”
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11. The above judgement was followed by this Court in Apnaghar Builders Pvt. Ltd. (supra), observing as under: -

“19. There is another reason why the said application is to be dismissed. As observed by this court in Rachit Malhotra(supra), ultimately it is only a case of nomenclature and, even if, this suit
was to have been found to be a commercial suit, it could always be registered as a commercial suit by directions of this Court. Such a mis-description of the suit cannot entail its rejection. When a suit is re-numbered as a commercial suit, obviously, Section 12A of the Act, would not and cannot come into play. Of course, the discretion of the court still remains under Section 89 of the CPC, to refer the parties to mediation, to work out an amicable settlement between the parties before embarking on the trial, subject of course, to the timeframe provided under the Act.”

12. This Court, in various orders, including order dated 21.07.2022 passed in CS (OS) 469/2021 titled Riveria Commercial Developers Ltd. v. Brompton Lifestyle Brands Pvt. Ltd., placing reliance on the above referred judgments, also allowed the suit to be registered as a Commercial Suit. The same procedure was followed by this Court vide order dated 15.12.2022 passed in FAO-IPD 23/2021 titled Dhani Aggarwal v. Mahesh Yadav & Ors.

13. As far as non compliance with the mandatory provision of Section 12A of the Act is concerned, the judgment of the Supreme Court in Patil Automation Pvt. Ltd. and Ors. (supra) has been expressly made prospective in nature. The same, therefore, shall have no application to the facts of the present case as the suit was filed prior to the date of the said judgment. The parties were also referred to mediation vide order dated 22.04.2022 passed by the learned Joint Registrar (Judicial), however, the parties could not arrive at a settlement of their disputes.

14. As far as non-filing of the ‘Statement of Truth’, as the Suit was not filed as a Commercial Suit to which the provisions of the Act apply, the occasion of filing the ‘Statement of Truth’ did not arise. Now that the Suit is admitted to be a Commercial Suit of the specified value to which the provisions of the Act would apply, the plaintiff shall rectify this defect, however, for this defect alone the plaint cannot be rejected.

15. In view of the above, I find no merit in the present application. The same is dismissed. CS(OS) 682/2021 & & I.A. 16516/2022

16. As it is now admitted by the learned counsel for the plaintiff that the present suit should have been filed as a Commercial Suit under the provisions of the Act, the Registry is directed to re-number the suit as a Commercial Suit. The plaintiff shall file the Statement of Truth and comply with other provisions of the Act with respect to the pleadings of the plaint, within a period of two weeks of this order.

17. List before the learned Joint Registrar (Judicial) on 31st January

2023.

NAVIN CHAWLA, J. JANUARY 09, 2023