P ALPA BEN & ORS v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS

Delhi High Court · 16 Dec 2025 · 2025:DHC:11495-DB

C. Hari Shankar; Om Prakash Shukla

2025:DHC:11495-DB

administrative petition_allowed Significant

AI Summary

The Delhi High Court quashed a recovery order of alleged salary overpayment passed without prior notice and barred by Supreme Court precedents limiting recovery from Group C/D employees and beyond five years.

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W.P.(C) 19025/2025
HIGH COURT OF DELHI
W.P.(C) 19025/2025, CM APPL. 79253/2025 & CM APPL.
79254/2025 P ALPA BEN & ORS. .....Petitioners
Through: Mr. Abhay Kumar Bhargava, Mr. Satyaarth Sinha, Ms. Shradha Mewati, Advs.

VERSUS

UNION OF INDIA & ORS. .....Respondents
Through: Mr. Ravindra Vikram Singh, SPC for R1 to R3
Insp Athurv And Mr. Ramniwas Yadav, CRPF

CORAM:

HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE C. HARI SHANKAR
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE OM PRAKASH SHUKLA
JUDGEMENT (ORAL)
16.12.2025 C. HARI SHANKAR, J.

JUDGMENT

1. With consent of learned Counsel, this writ petition is disposed of without calling for any response.

2. The petitioners are aggrieved by order dated 9 August 2024 whereby recovery of overpayment of salary allegedly for the year 2015-18 has been effected.

3. The order has been passed without any prior notice to the petitioner and, therefore, violates the judgment of the Supreme Court in Bhagwan Shukla v. Union of India[1].

4. Besides, the recovery is in the teeth of clauses (i) and (iii) of para 18 of the judgment of the Supreme Court in State of Punjab v. Rafiq Masih[2], which prohibit recovery more than five years after the alleged excess payment and prohibits recovery from Group C and Group D employees. For ready reference, para 18 of Rafiq Masih may be reproduced, thus:

“18. It is not possible to postulate all situations of hardship

which would govern employees on the issue of recovery, where

payments have mistakenly been made by the employer, in excess

of their entitlement. Be that as it may, based on the decisions

referred to hereinabove, we may, as a ready reference, summarise

the following few situations, wherein recoveries by the employers,

would be impermissible in law:

(i) Recovery from the employees belonging to Class III and Class IV service (or Group C and Group D service).

(ii) Recovery from the retired employees, or the employees who are due to retire within one year, of the order of recovery.

(iii) Recovery from the employees, when the excess payment has been made for a period in excess of five years, before the order of recovery is issued.

(iv) Recovery in cases where an employee has wrongfully been required to discharge duties of a higher post, and has been paid accordingly, even though he should have rightfully been required to work against an inferior post.

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(v) In any other case, where the court arrives at the conclusion, that recovery if made from the employee, would be iniquitous or harsh or arbitrary to such an extent, as would far outweigh the equitable balance of the employer's right to recover.

5. Mr. Ravindra Vikram Singh, learned SPC very fairly acknowledges this position.

6. Accordingly, the impugned order dated 9 August 2024 is quashed and set aside. If any amounts have been recovered from the petitioners, they shall be returned to the petitioners within a period of four weeks from today, failing which the amounts shall carry interest at the rate of 12% per annum till date of actual payment.

7. The writ petition is accordingly allowed.

C. HARI SHANKAR, J.

OM PRAKASH SHUKLA, J. DECEMBER 16, 2025

P ALPA BEN & ORS v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS

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