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,e;jpa cr;r ePjpkd;wk; chpikapay; nky;KiwaPl;L mjpfhutuk;g[ rpwg;g[ mDkjp kD (chpikapay;) vz;fs; 3063?3064-2021
(tHf;F Fwpg;ngL vz; 3869-2021) bkl;uh!; cah; ePjpkd;wk; mjd; rhh;ghf jiyikg; gjpthsh; /// kDjhuh;
?vjph;? vk;/rp/ Rg;ukzpak; kw;Wk; gyh; /// vjph;kDjhuh;fs; jPh;g;g[iu khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ nkhfd; vk;/ re;jhdft[lh;:
,e;j rpwg;g[ mDkjp kDf;fs;. 8/1/2020?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l bkl;uh!; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; (,jpy; ,jw;Fg;gpwF @cah; ePjpkd;wk;@ vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;) bghJ cj;jut[ kw;Wk; jPh;g;g[iuapypUe;J vGfpd;wd/ ,jpYs;s 1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; jhf;fy; bra;j nky;KiwaPL tHf;F vz;fs; 876-2012 kw;Wk;
566-2013?,y; mtuhy; itg;gPL bra;ag;gl;l ePjpkd;wf; fl;lz';fisj; jpUg;gpaspf;Fk;go ntz;Liuj;jhh;. mth; jhf;fy; bra;j chpikapay; gy;tif kD vz;fs; 26742 kw;Wk; 26743-2019?I cah; ePjpkd;wk; vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd jPh;g;g[iu K:yk; mDkjpj;jJ/
2/ ,k;kDf;fSf;F tHpnfhypa r';fjpfs; gpd;tUkhW:
1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;. 2?Mk; vjph;kDjhuhplkpUe;J 10/6/1996?Mk; njjpad;W
,uz;L thfd';fis ,U btt;ntW jtizKiw cld;gof;iffspd;
(tHf;F Fwpg;ngL vz; 3869-2021) bkl;uh!; cah; ePjpkd;wk; mjd; rhh;ghf jiyikg; gjpthsh; /// kDjhuh;
?vjph;? vk;/rp/ Rg;ukzpak; kw;Wk; gyh; /// vjph;kDjhuh;fs; jPh;g;g[iu khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ nkhfd; vk;/ re;jhdft[lh;:
,e;j rpwg;g[ mDkjp kDf;fs;. 8/1/2020?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l bkl;uh!; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; (,jpy; ,jw;Fg;gpwF @cah; ePjpkd;wk;@ vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;) bghJ cj;jut[ kw;Wk; jPh;g;g[iuapypUe;J vGfpd;wd/ ,jpYs;s 1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; jhf;fy; bra;j nky;KiwaPL tHf;F vz;fs; 876-2012 kw;Wk;
566-2013?,y; mtuhy; itg;gPL bra;ag;gl;l ePjpkd;wf; fl;lz';fisj; jpUg;gpaspf;Fk;go ntz;Liuj;jhh;. mth; jhf;fy; bra;j chpikapay; gy;tif kD vz;fs; 26742 kw;Wk; 26743-2019?I cah; ePjpkd;wk; vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd jPh;g;g[iu K:yk; mDkjpj;jJ/
2/ ,k;kDf;fSf;F tHpnfhypa r';fjpfs; gpd;tUkhW:
1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;. 2?Mk; vjph;kDjhuhplkpUe;J 10/6/1996?Mk; njjpad;W
,uz;L thfd';fis ,U btt;ntW jtizKiw cld;gof;iffspd;
(,jpy; ,jw;Fg;gpd; *cld;gof;if I* kw;Wk; *cld;gof;if II*; Tl;lhf
*cld;gof;iffs;* vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;) K:yk; th';fpdhh;. mjd;go
1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;. Kjd;ikf; fldhsp-jtizr; brYj;Jgth; Mthh; kw;Wk;
3 kw;Wk; 4?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;fs; cld;gof;iffspd; gpizahsh;fshth;/ cld;gof;ifapd; thrf';fspd;go. 1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;. ,uz;L thfd';fspy; xt;bthd;wpw;Fk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l jtizfspy; bjhif U:/10.08.000-?I 2?Mk; vjph;kDjhuUf;F brYj;jntz;Lk;/
3/ 2?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;. 1. 3 kw;Wk; 4?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;fSf;F vjpuhf
Kjnyw;g[ tHf;F vz;fs; 66-2003 kw;Wk; 76-2003 Mfpatw;iw Kiwna nfhak;g[j;J}h;. TLjy; khtl;l chpikapay; ePjpkd;wk; (,jpy; ,jw;Fg;gpd;.
*chpikapay; ePjpkd;wk;*) kw;Wk; nfhak;g[j;J}h;. TLjy; khtl;l kw;Wk; mkh;t[ ePjpkd;wj;jpd; (,jpy; ,jw;Fg;gpd; *khtl;l ePjpkd;wk;*) Kd;ghf jhf;fy; bra;jhh; vd;gij ekf;fhf Fwpg;gpLtjw;Fg; nghJkhdjhFk;/ ,U chpik tHf;FfspYk;. 2?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;. cld;gof;if I kw;Wk; cld;gof;if II?,y; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l jtizfs; Kiwna U:/6.64.000-? kw;Wk; U:/5.97.200-?I brYj;jtpy;iy vd;W rhl;Liuj;J. kPjKs;s bjhifia tl;oa[ld; nrh;j;J tN:ypg;gjw;F nfhhpdhh;/ ,U Kjnyw;g[ tHf;Ffshd 66-2003 kw;Wk; 76-2003. chpikapay; ePjpkd;wk; kw;Wk; khtl;l ePjpkd;wj;jhy; Kiwna 13/2/2004 kw;Wk;
31/1/2005?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iufspd; K:yk; gFjpahf jPh;g;ghizaplg;gl;ld/
4/ mjpy; kdf;Fiwa[w;W 1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;. K/t/ vz; 66-2003 kw;Wk;
K/t/ vz; 76-2003?,d; jPh;g;g[iufSf;F vjpuhf cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;g[
*cld;gof;iffs;* vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;) K:yk; th';fpdhh;. mjd;go
1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;. Kjd;ikf; fldhsp-jtizr; brYj;Jgth; Mthh; kw;Wk;
3 kw;Wk; 4?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;fs; cld;gof;iffspd; gpizahsh;fshth;/ cld;gof;ifapd; thrf';fspd;go. 1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;. ,uz;L thfd';fspy; xt;bthd;wpw;Fk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l jtizfspy; bjhif U:/10.08.000-?I 2?Mk; vjph;kDjhuUf;F brYj;jntz;Lk;/
3/ 2?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;. 1. 3 kw;Wk; 4?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;fSf;F vjpuhf
Kjnyw;g[ tHf;F vz;fs; 66-2003 kw;Wk; 76-2003 Mfpatw;iw Kiwna nfhak;g[j;J}h;. TLjy; khtl;l chpikapay; ePjpkd;wk; (,jpy; ,jw;Fg;gpd;.
*chpikapay; ePjpkd;wk;*) kw;Wk; nfhak;g[j;J}h;. TLjy; khtl;l kw;Wk; mkh;t[ ePjpkd;wj;jpd; (,jpy; ,jw;Fg;gpd; *khtl;l ePjpkd;wk;*) Kd;ghf jhf;fy; bra;jhh; vd;gij ekf;fhf Fwpg;gpLtjw;Fg; nghJkhdjhFk;/ ,U chpik tHf;FfspYk;. 2?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;. cld;gof;if I kw;Wk; cld;gof;if II?,y; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l jtizfs; Kiwna U:/6.64.000-? kw;Wk; U:/5.97.200-?I brYj;jtpy;iy vd;W rhl;Liuj;J. kPjKs;s bjhifia tl;oa[ld; nrh;j;J tN:ypg;gjw;F nfhhpdhh;/ ,U Kjnyw;g[ tHf;Ffshd 66-2003 kw;Wk; 76-2003. chpikapay; ePjpkd;wk; kw;Wk; khtl;l ePjpkd;wj;jhy; Kiwna 13/2/2004 kw;Wk;
31/1/2005?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l jPh;g;g[iufspd; K:yk; gFjpahf jPh;g;ghizaplg;gl;ld/
4/ mjpy; kdf;Fiwa[w;W 1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;. K/t/ vz; 66-2003 kw;Wk;
K/t/ vz; 76-2003?,d; jPh;g;g[iufSf;F vjpuhf cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;g[
Kiwna nky;KiwaPL tHf;F vz;fs; 876-2012 kw;Wk; 566-2013?I
Kd;bfhzh;e;jhh;/ nky;KiwaPLfs;. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;g[ ghprPyidf;fhf epYitapYs;snghnj. jug;gpdh;fs; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F btspna jdpg;gl;lKiwapyhd jPh;t[f;F xj;jpire;J. mjd;go mth;fSf;fpilnaahd fUj;JntWghLfisj; jPh;j;Jf;bfhz;ldh;/ ,ijf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;L. 1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;. nky;KiwaPL tHf;F vz;fs; 876-2012 kw;Wk; 566-2013?I jpUk;gg; bgWtjw;fhd mDkjpnfhhp. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;ghf nfhhpf;if kD xd;iwj; jhf;fy; bra;jhh;/ nk/t/ vz; 566-2013 kw;Wk; nk/t/ vz; 876-2012?,y; Kiwna 16/9/2019 kw;Wk;
18/9/2019?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l cj;jut[fspd; K:yk; 1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuuhy; itg;gPL bra;ag;gl;l ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ij jpUg;gpaspf;Fk; cj;jut[ld; mj;jifa mDkjp tH';fg;gl;lJ/
5/ cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; nkny brhy;yg;gl;l cj;jut[fs; ,Ug;gpDk;. ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ij jpUg;gpf;bfhLj;jYf;F bjhlh;g[ila tpjpfspd;go mjpfhukspf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;w fhuzj;jpd; mog;gilapy;. mj;jifa jpUg;gpf;bfhLj;jYf;fhd 1?Mk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; nfhhpf;ifia gjpthsh; mYtyfk; tha;bkhHpahf kWj;Jtpl;lJ/ mjd; cjtpapy;yhknyna. 16/9/2019 kw;Wk; 18/9/2019?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l cj;jut[fSf;fpz';f. 1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;. nk/t/ vz; 876-2012 kw;Wk; 566-2013?,y; Kiwna. mtuhy; brYj;jg;gl;l ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ijj; jpUg;gpaspg;gjw;F ntz;Liuj;J. chpikapay; tprhuizKiwr; rl;lk;. 1908. (,jpy; ,jw;Fg;gpwF *c/tp/K/r/*) gphpt[ 151?,d; fPH; 25/12/2019 md;W chpikapay; gy;tif kD vz;fs; 26742-2019 kw;Wk;
26743-2019?I jhf;fy; bra;jhh;/
Kd;bfhzh;e;jhh;/ nky;KiwaPLfs;. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;g[ ghprPyidf;fhf epYitapYs;snghnj. jug;gpdh;fs; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F btspna jdpg;gl;lKiwapyhd jPh;t[f;F xj;jpire;J. mjd;go mth;fSf;fpilnaahd fUj;JntWghLfisj; jPh;j;Jf;bfhz;ldh;/ ,ijf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;L. 1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;. nky;KiwaPL tHf;F vz;fs; 876-2012 kw;Wk; 566-2013?I jpUk;gg; bgWtjw;fhd mDkjpnfhhp. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;ghf nfhhpf;if kD xd;iwj; jhf;fy; bra;jhh;/ nk/t/ vz; 566-2013 kw;Wk; nk/t/ vz; 876-2012?,y; Kiwna 16/9/2019 kw;Wk;
18/9/2019?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l cj;jut[fspd; K:yk; 1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuuhy; itg;gPL bra;ag;gl;l ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ij jpUg;gpaspf;Fk; cj;jut[ld; mj;jifa mDkjp tH';fg;gl;lJ/
5/ cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; nkny brhy;yg;gl;l cj;jut[fs; ,Ug;gpDk;. ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ij jpUg;gpf;bfhLj;jYf;F bjhlh;g[ila tpjpfspd;go mjpfhukspf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;w fhuzj;jpd; mog;gilapy;. mj;jifa jpUg;gpf;bfhLj;jYf;fhd 1?Mk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; nfhhpf;ifia gjpthsh; mYtyfk; tha;bkhHpahf kWj;Jtpl;lJ/ mjd; cjtpapy;yhknyna. 16/9/2019 kw;Wk; 18/9/2019?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l cj;jut[fSf;fpz';f. 1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuh;. nk/t/ vz; 876-2012 kw;Wk; 566-2013?,y; Kiwna. mtuhy; brYj;jg;gl;l ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ijj; jpUg;gpaspg;gjw;F ntz;Liuj;J. chpikapay; tprhuizKiwr; rl;lk;. 1908. (,jpy; ,jw;Fg;gpwF *c/tp/K/r/*) gphpt[ 151?,d; fPH; 25/12/2019 md;W chpikapay; gy;tif kD vz;fs; 26742-2019 kw;Wk;
26743-2019?I jhf;fy; bra;jhh;/
6/ 8/1/2020?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd bghJ jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; cj;jutpd; K:yk;. cah; ePjpkd;wk; nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l chpikapay; gy;tif kDf;fis mDkjpj;J. mjpYs;s 1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuUf;F ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ij
KGikahf jpUg;gpf;bfhLf;f gjpthsh; mYtyfj;jpw;F cj;jutpl;lJ/
7/ bjhlh;g[ila tpjpfspd; fPH; ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ij jpUg;gpf;bfhLj;jy; mDkjpf;fj;jf;fjh> vd;gjhd tpdhitf; Fwpj;J tpthjpf;ifapy;. cah; ePjpkd;wk; 1955?Mk; Mz;L jkpH;ehL ePjpkd;wf; fl;lz';fs; kw;Wk; chpik tHf;F kjpg;gPL rl;lk; (,jpy; ,jw;Fg;gpd;.
*1955. rl;lk;*) gphpt[ 69?m?I ghprPypj;jJ. mJ gpd;tUkhW vLj;jpak;gg;gLfpwJ:
@69?m/ chpikapay; tprhuizKiwr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 89?,d; fPHhd g{ry;fisj; jPh;t[bra;tjd;nghpy; jpUg;gpf; bfhLj;jy;/? ePjpkd;wk; 1908?Mk; Mz;L chpikapay; tprhuizKiwr; rl;lj;jpd; (ikar; rl;lk; V-1908)
89?Mk; gphptpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s g{riyj; jPh;j;Jf; bfhs;Sk; Kiwfs; vtw;iwa[k; chpik tHf;fpd; jug;gpdh;fSf;F ghpe;Jiuf;fpwtplj;J. brYj;jg;gl;l fl;lzk; mj;jifa ghpe;Jiuapd;nghpy; jpUg;gpf;bfhLf;fg; gLjy;ntz;Lk;/ mjidj; jpUg;gpf;bfhLg;gjw;F. g{riyj; jPh;j;Jf;bfhs;Sk;tiuapy; fhj;jpUf;fntz;oajpy;iy/@
(typa[Wj;jpf; Twg;gl;lJ)
KGikahf jpUg;gpf;bfhLf;f gjpthsh; mYtyfj;jpw;F cj;jutpl;lJ/
7/ bjhlh;g[ila tpjpfspd; fPH; ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ij jpUg;gpf;bfhLj;jy; mDkjpf;fj;jf;fjh> vd;gjhd tpdhitf; Fwpj;J tpthjpf;ifapy;. cah; ePjpkd;wk; 1955?Mk; Mz;L jkpH;ehL ePjpkd;wf; fl;lz';fs; kw;Wk; chpik tHf;F kjpg;gPL rl;lk; (,jpy; ,jw;Fg;gpd;.
*1955. rl;lk;*) gphpt[ 69?m?I ghprPypj;jJ. mJ gpd;tUkhW vLj;jpak;gg;gLfpwJ:
@69?m/ chpikapay; tprhuizKiwr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 89?,d; fPHhd g{ry;fisj; jPh;t[bra;tjd;nghpy; jpUg;gpf; bfhLj;jy;/? ePjpkd;wk; 1908?Mk; Mz;L chpikapay; tprhuizKiwr; rl;lj;jpd; (ikar; rl;lk; V-1908)
89?Mk; gphptpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s g{riyj; jPh;j;Jf; bfhs;Sk; Kiwfs; vtw;iwa[k; chpik tHf;fpd; jug;gpdh;fSf;F ghpe;Jiuf;fpwtplj;J. brYj;jg;gl;l fl;lzk; mj;jifa ghpe;Jiuapd;nghpy; jpUg;gpf;bfhLf;fg; gLjy;ntz;Lk;/ mjidj; jpUg;gpf;bfhLg;gjw;F. g{riyj; jPh;j;Jf;bfhs;Sk;tiuapy; fhj;jpUf;fntz;oajpy;iy/@
(typa[Wj;jpf; Twg;gl;lJ)
Kjnyw;g[ chpik tHf;Ffspd; bjhlh;r;rpahf cs;s nky;KiwaPl;L tHf;Ffisg; ghprPypf;ifapy;. gphpt[ 69?m?,y; tifbra;ag;gl;lthW *chpik tHf;Ffs;* vd;w tuk;g[f;Fs; tUtjhy;. ePjpkd;wk;. c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?,y; ftdk; brYj;jKw;gl;lJ. mJ gpd;tUkhW vLj;jpak;gg;gl;Ls;sJ/
@89/ ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F btspna gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;j;Jf; bfhs;Sjy;/- (1) jug;gpdh;fSf;F. Vw;fj;jf;fjhf
,Uf;ff;Toa jPh;t[f;Fhpa TWfs; ,Ug;gjhf ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F bjhpa[kplj;J. ePjpkd;wkhdJ jPh;t[f;Fhpa tiuaiwfis tFj;J. mjidj; jug;gpdh;fspd; fUj;Jiuf;fhf mth;fsplk; mspf;fntz;Lk;. jug;gpdh;fspd; fUj;Jiufisg; bgw;wgpd;dh;. ePjpkd;wk; xU rhj;jpakhd jPh;t[f;Fhpa tiuaiwfis kPz;Lk; tFj;J. mij:-
(m) bghJth; jPh;t[
(M) ,irtpzf;fj; jPh;t[
(,) nyhf; mjhyj; (kf;fs; ePjpkd;wk;) K:yk; jPh;t[ bra;jy; cl;gl ePjpKiwj; jPh;t[; my;yJ
(<) rkurk;
Mfpatw;Wf;F Fwpj;jDg;gyhk;/
@89/ ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F btspna gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;j;Jf; bfhs;Sjy;/- (1) jug;gpdh;fSf;F. Vw;fj;jf;fjhf
,Uf;ff;Toa jPh;t[f;Fhpa TWfs; ,Ug;gjhf ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F bjhpa[kplj;J. ePjpkd;wkhdJ jPh;t[f;Fhpa tiuaiwfis tFj;J. mjidj; jug;gpdh;fspd; fUj;Jiuf;fhf mth;fsplk; mspf;fntz;Lk;. jug;gpdh;fspd; fUj;Jiufisg; bgw;wgpd;dh;. ePjpkd;wk; xU rhj;jpakhd jPh;t[f;Fhpa tiuaiwfis kPz;Lk; tFj;J. mij:-
(m) bghJth; jPh;t[
(M) ,irtpzf;fj; jPh;t[
(,) nyhf; mjhyj; (kf;fs; ePjpkd;wk;) K:yk; jPh;t[ bra;jy; cl;gl ePjpKiwj; jPh;t[; my;yJ
(<) rkurk;
Mfpatw;Wf;F Fwpj;jDg;gyhk;/
2/ xU gpur;rpidahdJ ?
(m) bghJth; jPh;t[ my;yJ ,irtpzf;fj; jPh;t[f;fhf
Fwpj;jDg;gg;gLkhapd;. 1996 (26-1996)?Mk; Mz;L. bghJth; jPh;t[ kw;Wk; ,irtpzf;fj; jPh;t[r; rl;lj;jpd; tifa';fspd; fPH; bghJth; jPh;t[f;nfh. ,irtpzf;fj; jPh;t[f;nfh Fwpj;jDg;gg;gLk; jPh;t[f;fhd tHf;F eltof;iffSf;F mr;rl;lj;jpd; tifa';fs; bghUe;jj;jf;fjhf ,Uj;jy;ntz;Lk;;
(M) kf;fs; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F (nyhf; mjhyj;jpw;F)
Fwpj;jDg;gg;gLk;nghJ. ePjpkd;wk; mjid. 1987
(39-1987)?Mk; Mz;L rl;lg;gzpfs; Mizf;FG rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 20?,d; cl;gphpt[ (1)?,d; tifa';fSf;Fl;gl;L. kf;fs; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F Fwpj;jDg;gyhk;. nkYk;. kf;fs; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F mt;thW Fwpj;jDg;gg;gl;l gpur;rpid bjhlh;ghf mr;rl;lj;jpd; kw;w midj;J tifa';fSk;
(,) ePjpKiw jPh;t[f;fhf Fwpj;jDg;gg;gLk;nghJ. mij ePjpkd;wk; chpa mikg;g[f;nfh my;yJ egUf;nfh
Fwpj;jDg;gyhk;. me;j mikg;g[ my;yJ egh; kf;fs; ePjpkd;wkhfnt fUjg;gLjy;ntz;Lk;/ 1987 (39-1987). rl;lg; gzpfs; Mizf;FG rl;lj;jpd; tifa';fs;
(m) bghJth; jPh;t[ my;yJ ,irtpzf;fj; jPh;t[f;fhf
Fwpj;jDg;gg;gLkhapd;. 1996 (26-1996)?Mk; Mz;L. bghJth; jPh;t[ kw;Wk; ,irtpzf;fj; jPh;t[r; rl;lj;jpd; tifa';fspd; fPH; bghJth; jPh;t[f;nfh. ,irtpzf;fj; jPh;t[f;nfh Fwpj;jDg;gg;gLk; jPh;t[f;fhd tHf;F eltof;iffSf;F mr;rl;lj;jpd; tifa';fs; bghUe;jj;jf;fjhf ,Uj;jy;ntz;Lk;;
(M) kf;fs; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F (nyhf; mjhyj;jpw;F)
Fwpj;jDg;gg;gLk;nghJ. ePjpkd;wk; mjid. 1987
(39-1987)?Mk; Mz;L rl;lg;gzpfs; Mizf;FG rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 20?,d; cl;gphpt[ (1)?,d; tifa';fSf;Fl;gl;L. kf;fs; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F Fwpj;jDg;gyhk;. nkYk;. kf;fs; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F mt;thW Fwpj;jDg;gg;gl;l gpur;rpid bjhlh;ghf mr;rl;lj;jpd; kw;w midj;J tifa';fSk;
(,) ePjpKiw jPh;t[f;fhf Fwpj;jDg;gg;gLk;nghJ. mij ePjpkd;wk; chpa mikg;g[f;nfh my;yJ egUf;nfh
Fwpj;jDg;gyhk;. me;j mikg;g[ my;yJ egh; kf;fs; ePjpkd;wkhfnt fUjg;gLjy;ntz;Lk;/ 1987 (39-1987). rl;lg; gzpfs; Mizf;FG rl;lj;jpd; tifa';fs;
midj;Jk;. mr;rl;l tifa';fspd; fPH; kf;fs; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F Fwpj;jDg;gg;gLk; gpur;rpidiag; nghd;W
(<) rkurj;jpw;fhf Fwpj;jDg;gg;gLk;nghJ. ePjpkd;wk;. jug;gpdh;fSf;fpilna xj;jpirit Vw;gLj;jp tFj;Jiuf;fg;glyhFk; mj;jifa eilKiwiag; gpd;gw;Wjy;ntz;Lk;/@
8/ nkw;go tifa';fis chpa ghprPyid bra;jgpwF. mit mtw;Wf;F eyk; gaf;Fk; bray;nehf;fj;ijaspj;J. mtw;wpd; Fwpf;nfhisa[k;. nehf;fj;ija[k; epiwntw;Wk;tifapy;. jhuhsg;nghf;Fld; bghUs;tpsf;fg;gl ntz;Lk; vd;W cah; ePjpkd;wk; jPh;khdpj;jJ/ FWfpa nehf;fj;Jld; bghUs;bfhs;sg;gLkhdhy;. mJ. c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?,d; fPH; rkur ikak; my;yJ gpw khw;W ePjpKiwj; jPh;t[ ika';fspd; K:yk; mth;fsJ gpur;rpidiaj; jPh;t[bra;Jbfhs;Sk; jug;gpdh;fs;. mth;fsJ ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ijj; jpUk;gg;bgWtjw;Fhpath;fshFk;/ mnjntisapy; jh';fshfnt jdpg;gl;lKiwapy; j';fsJ gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;t[ bra;Jbfhs;Sk; jug;gpdh;fs; fl;lzj;ijj; jpUk;gg;bgwf; nfhUtjw;F tHptif VJkpd;wp tplg;gLk; N:H;epiyf;Fk; tHpnfhyptpLk;/ mjd;go. xnu N:H;epiyapYs;s
,UtUf;fpilnaahd mj;jifa khWgl;l elj;JKiw. murikg;g[r; rl;lj;jpd; tFKiwf;TW 14?I kPWtjhf mike;JtpLk; vd;W cah; ePjpkd;wk; fUj;Jiuj;jJ/ Mfnt. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fUj;Jg;go. c/tp/K/r/.
(<) rkurj;jpw;fhf Fwpj;jDg;gg;gLk;nghJ. ePjpkd;wk;. jug;gpdh;fSf;fpilna xj;jpirit Vw;gLj;jp tFj;Jiuf;fg;glyhFk; mj;jifa eilKiwiag; gpd;gw;Wjy;ntz;Lk;/@
8/ nkw;go tifa';fis chpa ghprPyid bra;jgpwF. mit mtw;Wf;F eyk; gaf;Fk; bray;nehf;fj;ijaspj;J. mtw;wpd; Fwpf;nfhisa[k;. nehf;fj;ija[k; epiwntw;Wk;tifapy;. jhuhsg;nghf;Fld; bghUs;tpsf;fg;gl ntz;Lk; vd;W cah; ePjpkd;wk; jPh;khdpj;jJ/ FWfpa nehf;fj;Jld; bghUs;bfhs;sg;gLkhdhy;. mJ. c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?,d; fPH; rkur ikak; my;yJ gpw khw;W ePjpKiwj; jPh;t[ ika';fspd; K:yk; mth;fsJ gpur;rpidiaj; jPh;t[bra;Jbfhs;Sk; jug;gpdh;fs;. mth;fsJ ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ijj; jpUk;gg;bgWtjw;Fhpath;fshFk;/ mnjntisapy; jh';fshfnt jdpg;gl;lKiwapy; j';fsJ gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;t[ bra;Jbfhs;Sk; jug;gpdh;fs; fl;lzj;ijj; jpUk;gg;bgwf; nfhUtjw;F tHptif VJkpd;wp tplg;gLk; N:H;epiyf;Fk; tHpnfhyptpLk;/ mjd;go. xnu N:H;epiyapYs;s
,UtUf;fpilnaahd mj;jifa khWgl;l elj;JKiw. murikg;g[r; rl;lj;jpd; tFKiwf;TW 14?I kPWtjhf mike;JtpLk; vd;W cah; ePjpkd;wk; fUj;Jiuj;jJ/ Mfnt. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fUj;Jg;go. c/tp/K/r/.
gphpt[ 89?,d; murikg;g[rhh;e;j bghUs;tpsf;fKk;. mjd; tpisthf. 1955?Mk;
Mz;L rl;lg;gphpt[ 69?m?t[k;. ,t;tifa';fs; jug;gpdh;fSf;fpilnaahd gpur;rpidia ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F btspna jPh;j;Jf;bfhs;tjw;Fhpa midj;J
Kiwfisa[k; cs;slf;FtnjhL. ePjpkd;wk; gpd;dpl;L. mit rl;lg;goahf jPh;t[ fhzg;gl;Ls;sij mwpar; bra;fpd;wd/
9/ ,';Fs;s kDjhuh; kdf;Fiwa[w;wjd;nghpy;. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd jPh;g;g[iuia vjph;j;jhh;/
10/ c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?,y; gl;oayplg;gl;Ls;s VnjDk; khw;WKiw gpur;rpidiaj; jPh;t[bra;a[k; mikg;g[f;F. ePjpkd;wnk jug;gpdh;fis
Fwpj;jDg;g[fpd;w mt;tHf;Ffspy; kl;Lnk 1955?Mk; Mz;L rl;lg;gphpt[
69?m?MdJ ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ijj; jpUg;gpaspf;fnt fUj;Jiuf;fpwJ vd;gJ kDjhuhpd; thj';fspYs;s KiwaPl;od; rhukhFk;/ vdnt. jug;gpdh;fs;. ePjpkd;wj;jhyhd Fwpj;jDg;g[jy; VJkpd;wp. c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?,d; fPH;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s KiwfSf;fg;ghy;. mth;fsJ gpur;rpidia jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; jPh;t[ bra;Jbfhs;s cld;gLkplj;J. ,J jw;nghija tHf;ifg; nghd;w
N:H;epiyfSf;F bghUe;jhJ/
,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; gFg;gha;t[
11/ kDjhuhpd; thjj;ijf; nfl;ljd;nghpYk;. Kd;itf;fg;gl;l thjf;TWfis KGikahf ghprPyid bra;jjpYk;. fPnH Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s fhuz';fSf;fhf kDjhuhpd; thJiufshy; <h;f;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gija[k; eh';fs; mwpfpnwhk;/
Mz;L rl;lg;gphpt[ 69?m?t[k;. ,t;tifa';fs; jug;gpdh;fSf;fpilnaahd gpur;rpidia ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F btspna jPh;j;Jf;bfhs;tjw;Fhpa midj;J
Kiwfisa[k; cs;slf;FtnjhL. ePjpkd;wk; gpd;dpl;L. mit rl;lg;goahf jPh;t[ fhzg;gl;Ls;sij mwpar; bra;fpd;wd/
9/ ,';Fs;s kDjhuh; kdf;Fiwa[w;wjd;nghpy;. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd jPh;g;g[iuia vjph;j;jhh;/
10/ c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?,y; gl;oayplg;gl;Ls;s VnjDk; khw;WKiw gpur;rpidiaj; jPh;t[bra;a[k; mikg;g[f;F. ePjpkd;wnk jug;gpdh;fis
Fwpj;jDg;g[fpd;w mt;tHf;Ffspy; kl;Lnk 1955?Mk; Mz;L rl;lg;gphpt[
69?m?MdJ ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ijj; jpUg;gpaspf;fnt fUj;Jiuf;fpwJ vd;gJ kDjhuhpd; thj';fspYs;s KiwaPl;od; rhukhFk;/ vdnt. jug;gpdh;fs;. ePjpkd;wj;jhyhd Fwpj;jDg;g[jy; VJkpd;wp. c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?,d; fPH;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s KiwfSf;fg;ghy;. mth;fsJ gpur;rpidia jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; jPh;t[ bra;Jbfhs;s cld;gLkplj;J. ,J jw;nghija tHf;ifg; nghd;w
N:H;epiyfSf;F bghUe;jhJ/
,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; gFg;gha;t[
11/ kDjhuhpd; thjj;ijf; nfl;ljd;nghpYk;. Kd;itf;fg;gl;l thjf;TWfis KGikahf ghprPyid bra;jjpYk;. fPnH Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s fhuz';fSf;fhf kDjhuhpd; thJiufshy; <h;f;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gija[k; eh';fs; mwpfpnwhk;/
12/ c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?,d; tifa';fs;. chpikapay; ePjpkd;w';fspy; beL';fhykhf bgUfptUk; tHf;Ffspd; gpd;g[yj;jpypUe;J g[hpe;Jbfhs;sg;gLjy; ntz;Lk;. ,J jpOh; ,lUf;Fs;shfp tpiuthd ePjpf;F eph;g;ge;jpj;J. ePjpKiw mikg;gpd;kPJ mst[f;F kPwpa Rikia itf;fpwJ/ 1908?Mk; Mz;L chpikapay; tprhuizKiwr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 89?,d; jpUj;jr;rl;lk; kw;Wk; bjhlh;g[ila tifKiwfspd; mog;gilapy;. rl;l Mizaj;jpd; 238?MtJ mwpf;ifapy;. gphpt[ 89?MdJ. chpikapay; gpur;rpidfSf;F khw;WKiwfspy; jPh;t[fhQqk;
Kiwfis ehor;brd;W. mth;fSila gpur;rpidfis ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F btspna jPh;j;Jf;bfhs;s Cf;Ftpg;gij (gj;jp 2/3) chpikapay; ePjpkd;w';fspd; flikahf;fpa[s;sJ/ ,f;fUj;Jiufs;. jdpg;gl;l jPh;t[Kiwfis vspjhf;Ftjw;Fk;. ,e;jpa ePjpj;Jiwapy; epuk;gptHpa[k; tHf;Fg; gjpt[fis vspjhf;Ftjw;Fk;. gphpt[ 89?,d; nehf;fj;ija[k;. Fwpf;nfhspida[k; bjs;sj;bjspthf;FfpwJ/ ,e;j nehf;fk; g[dpjj;jd;ika[ilajhft[k;. 1955?Mk;
Mz;L rl;lg;gphpt[ 69?m ,e;jpa ePjpkd;w';fspy; chpa fhyj;jpy; ePjp tH';Fjiy braw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd fl;lhaj;ijj; bjhptpg;gnjhL. ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ij jpUg;gpaspg;gij tifbra;tjd; K:yk; jPh;t[fhzg;gLtija[k;
Cf;Ftpf;fpwJ/ ,t;tpU tifa';fspd; msg;gpw;fhpa ed;ik gaf;ff;Toa nehf;fKk;. Fwpf;nfhSk; mJFwpj;j ,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; bghUs;tpsf;fj;ij bjhptpf;fntz;Lk;/
13/ nkw;go tifKiwfs; Fwpj;j v';fsJ bghUs;tpsf;fj;ij nkYk; tpsf;Ftjw;F Kd;ghf. iluf;lnul; M`g; vd;nghh;!;bkd;l; ?vjph;? jPgf; kfh$d;.
1994 (3) v!;/rp/rp/ 440?,y; ,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; bghUs;tpsf;Fk; g';F Fwpj;j
Kiwfis ehor;brd;W. mth;fSila gpur;rpidfis ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F btspna jPh;j;Jf;bfhs;s Cf;Ftpg;gij (gj;jp 2/3) chpikapay; ePjpkd;w';fspd; flikahf;fpa[s;sJ/ ,f;fUj;Jiufs;. jdpg;gl;l jPh;t[Kiwfis vspjhf;Ftjw;Fk;. ,e;jpa ePjpj;Jiwapy; epuk;gptHpa[k; tHf;Fg; gjpt[fis vspjhf;Ftjw;Fk;. gphpt[ 89?,d; nehf;fj;ija[k;. Fwpf;nfhspida[k; bjs;sj;bjspthf;FfpwJ/ ,e;j nehf;fk; g[dpjj;jd;ika[ilajhft[k;. 1955?Mk;
Mz;L rl;lg;gphpt[ 69?m ,e;jpa ePjpkd;w';fspy; chpa fhyj;jpy; ePjp tH';Fjiy braw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd fl;lhaj;ijj; bjhptpg;gnjhL. ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ij jpUg;gpaspg;gij tifbra;tjd; K:yk; jPh;t[fhzg;gLtija[k;
Cf;Ftpf;fpwJ/ ,t;tpU tifa';fspd; msg;gpw;fhpa ed;ik gaf;ff;Toa nehf;fKk;. Fwpf;nfhSk; mJFwpj;j ,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; bghUs;tpsf;fj;ij bjhptpf;fntz;Lk;/
13/ nkw;go tifKiwfs; Fwpj;j v';fsJ bghUs;tpsf;fj;ij nkYk; tpsf;Ftjw;F Kd;ghf. iluf;lnul; M`g; vd;nghh;!;bkd;l; ?vjph;? jPgf; kfh$d;.
1994 (3) v!;/rp/rp/ 440?,y; ,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; bghUs;tpsf;Fk; g';F Fwpj;j
gpd;tUk; ,d;wpaikahf; Twpidf; ftdj;jpw;bfhs;sntz;Lk; ?
@24/ ////ePjpkd;w';fspd; flik vd;gJ rl;lkpaw;Wtjy;y/ mjid tpsf;FtJ kl;Lnk vd;wnghjpYk;. rl;lkd;wj;jpd; cl;fUj;ija[k;. rl;lj;jpd; cl;bghUisa[k; braw;gLj;JtjpYs;s rpuk';fisf; fistjw;fhd bghWg;ig Vw;f rl;lkd;wj;ijf; nfhuKoahJ/ mj;jifa
N:H;epiyfspy;. rl;lj;ijj; jhuhsg;nghf;Fld; bghUs; tpsf;Ftjd; K:yk; rl;lj;ij cUthf;Ftnjh. g[Jikahfg; bghUs;tpsf;Ftnjh ePjpkd;wj;jpd; flikahFk;/
25/ nkf;!;bty;ypd; rl;lj;jpd; bghUs;tpsf;fj;jpd; gj;jhtJ gjpg;gpd; gf;fk; 229?,y; fPH;f;fhQqk; gFjp fhzg;gLfpwJ:
@xU rl;lj;jpd; bkhHpeilahdJ. mjDila rhjhuzkhd bghUs;tifapYk;. ,yf;fzhPjpahd bghUs;tifapYk;. rl;lkpaw;Wtjd; bjspthd nehf;fj;jpw;F btspg;gilahd
Kuz;ghl;Lf;nfh my;yJ rpy mbrsfhpaj;jpw;nfh my;yJ mwpt[f;F xt;thjjhfnth. ,lh;g;ghl;ow;nfh my;yJ mePjpf;nfh cl;fUj;jpy;iy vd mDkhdpj;jhYk;. mjd;kPJ xU bghUs;tpsf;fj;ij itf;fyhk;. ,J brhw;fspd; bghUnshL thf;fpaj;jpd; mikg;iga[k; khw;wpaikj;JtpLfpwJ/ ////rl;lj;jpd; Kjd;ik nehf;fKk;.
@24/ ////ePjpkd;w';fspd; flik vd;gJ rl;lkpaw;Wtjy;y/ mjid tpsf;FtJ kl;Lnk vd;wnghjpYk;. rl;lkd;wj;jpd; cl;fUj;ija[k;. rl;lj;jpd; cl;bghUisa[k; braw;gLj;JtjpYs;s rpuk';fisf; fistjw;fhd bghWg;ig Vw;f rl;lkd;wj;ijf; nfhuKoahJ/ mj;jifa
N:H;epiyfspy;. rl;lj;ijj; jhuhsg;nghf;Fld; bghUs; tpsf;Ftjd; K:yk; rl;lj;ij cUthf;Ftnjh. g[Jikahfg; bghUs;tpsf;Ftnjh ePjpkd;wj;jpd; flikahFk;/
25/ nkf;!;bty;ypd; rl;lj;jpd; bghUs;tpsf;fj;jpd; gj;jhtJ gjpg;gpd; gf;fk; 229?,y; fPH;f;fhQqk; gFjp fhzg;gLfpwJ:
@xU rl;lj;jpd; bkhHpeilahdJ. mjDila rhjhuzkhd bghUs;tifapYk;. ,yf;fzhPjpahd bghUs;tifapYk;. rl;lkpaw;Wtjd; bjspthd nehf;fj;jpw;F btspg;gilahd
Kuz;ghl;Lf;nfh my;yJ rpy mbrsfhpaj;jpw;nfh my;yJ mwpt[f;F xt;thjjhfnth. ,lh;g;ghl;ow;nfh my;yJ mePjpf;nfh cl;fUj;jpy;iy vd mDkhdpj;jhYk;. mjd;kPJ xU bghUs;tpsf;fj;ij itf;fyhk;. ,J brhw;fspd; bghUnshL thf;fpaj;jpd; mikg;iga[k; khw;wpaikj;JtpLfpwJ/ ////rl;lj;jpd; Kjd;ik nehf;fKk;.
cl;fUj;Jk; bjspthf ,Uf;Fkplj;J. njit
Vw;gl;lhyd;wp my;yJ gad;gLj;jg;gl;l bkhHp Kw;wpYk; vspjhf ifahsg;glKoahjjhf ,Ue;jhyd;wp. Kd;tiut[ bra;jthpd; jpwikapd;ikahnyh my;yJ rl;lj;ijf;
Fwpj;j mwpahikahnyh mjid gadw;wjhf
Mf;fptplf;TlhJ/@ (typa[Wj;jpf; Twg;gl;lJ) vdnt. ePjpkd;w';fs;. rl;lj;jpd; bkhHpeilapYs;s g[wf;fzpf;ff;Toa
,UbghUs;gLk; jd;ikapypUe;J tpisfpd;w mePjp my;yJ VnjDk;
,lh;g;ghl;ilf; fistjw;fhf. rl;lkpaw;wpajd; cz;ikahd nehf;fj;ij miltjw;fhf mij bghUs;tpsf;fk; bra;ayhk; vd;gJ ed;F mWjpaplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ ,J. mjpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s bkhHpeilapy; tpjpKiwapd;wp bjhFj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l N:H;epiyfis cs;slf;Ffpd;w bjhlh;g[ila tifa';fspd; tuk;bgy;iyia tphpt[g;gLj;Jtija[k; cs;slf;fyhk;/
14/ ,r;rl;lg; bghUs;tpsf;ff; nfhl;ghL. ic&nyc&; ijhpathd;
?vjph;? nkhfd; ghy;fpUc&;z yy;yh. (2016) 3 v!;/rp/rp/ 619 vd;w kpf rkPgj;jpa jPh;Kotpy; cWjpbra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ ?
@33/ ///brhy;Yf;F brhy; epfuhd bghUs;tpsf;f tpjpahdJ. rpy fhyj;jpw;F Kd;g[tiu. @bghd; tpjp@ahf fUjg;gl;oUe;jhY';Tl. Fwpg;ghf brhy;Yf;Fr; brhy; epfuhd bghUs;tpsf;fkhdJ nehf;fj;ij epiwt[ bra;ahkypUf;Fkplj;J my;yJ bghUsw;wjhfptpLkplj;jhd neh;t[fspy;. jw;nghJ bray;nehf;Fila bghUs;tpsf;ff;
Vw;gl;lhyd;wp my;yJ gad;gLj;jg;gl;l bkhHp Kw;wpYk; vspjhf ifahsg;glKoahjjhf ,Ue;jhyd;wp. Kd;tiut[ bra;jthpd; jpwikapd;ikahnyh my;yJ rl;lj;ijf;
Fwpj;j mwpahikahnyh mjid gadw;wjhf
Mf;fptplf;TlhJ/@ (typa[Wj;jpf; Twg;gl;lJ) vdnt. ePjpkd;w';fs;. rl;lj;jpd; bkhHpeilapYs;s g[wf;fzpf;ff;Toa
,UbghUs;gLk; jd;ikapypUe;J tpisfpd;w mePjp my;yJ VnjDk;
,lh;g;ghl;ilf; fistjw;fhf. rl;lkpaw;wpajd; cz;ikahd nehf;fj;ij miltjw;fhf mij bghUs;tpsf;fk; bra;ayhk; vd;gJ ed;F mWjpaplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ ,J. mjpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s bkhHpeilapy; tpjpKiwapd;wp bjhFj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l N:H;epiyfis cs;slf;Ffpd;w bjhlh;g[ila tifa';fspd; tuk;bgy;iyia tphpt[g;gLj;Jtija[k; cs;slf;fyhk;/
14/ ,r;rl;lg; bghUs;tpsf;ff; nfhl;ghL. ic&nyc&; ijhpathd;
?vjph;? nkhfd; ghy;fpUc&;z yy;yh. (2016) 3 v!;/rp/rp/ 619 vd;w kpf rkPgj;jpa jPh;Kotpy; cWjpbra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ ?
@33/ ///brhy;Yf;F brhy; epfuhd bghUs;tpsf;f tpjpahdJ. rpy fhyj;jpw;F Kd;g[tiu. @bghd; tpjp@ahf fUjg;gl;oUe;jhY';Tl. Fwpg;ghf brhy;Yf;Fr; brhy; epfuhd bghUs;tpsf;fkhdJ nehf;fj;ij epiwt[ bra;ahkypUf;Fkplj;J my;yJ bghUsw;wjhfptpLkplj;jhd neh;t[fspy;. jw;nghJ bray;nehf;Fila bghUs;tpsf;ff;
nfhl;ghnl jiyrpwe;J tps';FfpwJ/ ,J rl;lj;jpd; nehf;fj;Jld; Kuz;gLk; Koitf; bfhz;LtUkhdhy;. mjw;F Mjut[j; bjhptpf;fKoahJ/@ mDuhf; kpl;ly; ?vjph;? ic&yp kpc&;uh kpl;ly;. (2018) 9 v!;/rp/rp/
691?,y; ,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; gpe;jpa jPh;Kotpy; ,J gpd;gw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ/
15/ mWjpaplg;gl;l rl;lg; bghUs;tpsf;ff; nfhl;ghLfspd;
Jizbfhz;L ghh;f;ifapy;. jw;nghija tpthjg;bghUshft[s;s Fwpg;gpl;l tifa';fspy; eh';fs; jw;nghJ ftd";brYj;j tpiHfpnwhk;/ kDjhuuhy; bghUs;tpsf;fg;gl nfhug;gl;Ls;s c/tp/K/r/. rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 89 kw;Wk; 1955?Mk;
Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 69?m?,d; FWfpa nehf;fKila bghUs;tpsf;fkhdJ. ePjpkd;wj;jhy; rkur ikaj;jpw;nfh my;yJ kw;w ika';fSf;nfh
Fwpj;jDg;gg;gLk; jug;gpdh;fs;. mth;fsJ ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ij KGikahf jpUk;gg;bgw chpika[ilath;fs; vd;w mnjntisapy;. ,njnghd;W j';fsJ gpur;rpidia jh';fshfnt jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; jPh;j;Jf;bfhz;L ePjpkd;wj;jpd; neuj;ija[k;. epjpahjhu';fisa[k; kpr;rg;gLj;Jk; jug;gpdh;fs;. jPh;t[ nfhUtjw;F ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jiyaPl;il nfhuj;njitapy;iy vd;gjw;fhfnt mth;fSf;F mnjgad; kWf;fg;gl;LtpLk; vd;DbkhU Kot[f;F tHpnfhyptpLk;/ v';fsJ fUj;Jg;go. mj;jifabjhU bghUs;tpsf;fkhdJ. nkw;go tifa';fspd;
Fwpf;nfhisa[k;. nehf;fj;ija[k;. tha;g;g[s;s ,U gphpitr; rhh;e;j jug;gpdh;fspy; xU gphptpdh; 1955?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 69?m?,d; gad; kWf;fg;gl;L ghugl;rkhf elj;jg;gLfpd;wdh; vd;wbjhU bghUsw;wJk;. epahakw;wJkhd
691?,y; ,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; gpe;jpa jPh;Kotpy; ,J gpd;gw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ/
15/ mWjpaplg;gl;l rl;lg; bghUs;tpsf;ff; nfhl;ghLfspd;
Jizbfhz;L ghh;f;ifapy;. jw;nghija tpthjg;bghUshft[s;s Fwpg;gpl;l tifa';fspy; eh';fs; jw;nghJ ftd";brYj;j tpiHfpnwhk;/ kDjhuuhy; bghUs;tpsf;fg;gl nfhug;gl;Ls;s c/tp/K/r/. rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 89 kw;Wk; 1955?Mk;
Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 69?m?,d; FWfpa nehf;fKila bghUs;tpsf;fkhdJ. ePjpkd;wj;jhy; rkur ikaj;jpw;nfh my;yJ kw;w ika';fSf;nfh
Fwpj;jDg;gg;gLk; jug;gpdh;fs;. mth;fsJ ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ij KGikahf jpUk;gg;bgw chpika[ilath;fs; vd;w mnjntisapy;. ,njnghd;W j';fsJ gpur;rpidia jh';fshfnt jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; jPh;j;Jf;bfhz;L ePjpkd;wj;jpd; neuj;ija[k;. epjpahjhu';fisa[k; kpr;rg;gLj;Jk; jug;gpdh;fs;. jPh;t[ nfhUtjw;F ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jiyaPl;il nfhuj;njitapy;iy vd;gjw;fhfnt mth;fSf;F mnjgad; kWf;fg;gl;LtpLk; vd;DbkhU Kot[f;F tHpnfhyptpLk;/ v';fsJ fUj;Jg;go. mj;jifabjhU bghUs;tpsf;fkhdJ. nkw;go tifa';fspd;
Fwpf;nfhisa[k;. nehf;fj;ija[k;. tha;g;g[s;s ,U gphpitr; rhh;e;j jug;gpdh;fspy; xU gphptpdh; 1955?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 69?m?,d; gad; kWf;fg;gl;L ghugl;rkhf elj;jg;gLfpd;wdh; vd;wbjhU bghUsw;wJk;. epahakw;wJkhd
Kot[f;F bjspthfnt tHpnfhyptpLk;/ ,jd; gpd;g[yj;jpy; brhy;Yf;F brhy; epfuhd my;yJ tpjpKiwr;rhh;e;j bghUs;tpsf;fkhdJ. mePjpf;F kl;Lnk tHpnfhyp. tifa';fspd; nehf;fj;jpid gadw;wjhf;fptpLk;/ Mjyhy;
,jpypUe;J tpyfp. tifa';fspd; bray;nehf;Fila bghUs;tpsf;fj;jpw;F
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16/ vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd jPh;g;g[iuapy; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; vLf;fg;gl;l fUj;JiuahdJ. kw;w khepy';fspYs;s cah; ePjpkd;w';fshY';Tl cWjpbra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;/ fkyk;kh kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? bcwhdhyp jhYf; mf;hpfy;ruy; g[buhoa{!; nfh?Mg;gnul;ot; khh;f;bfl;o'; brhirl;o ypkpbll;. (2010) 1 V/I/Mh;/ fh;ehlfh Mh;/ 279 vd;w fh;ehlf cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;Kotpidf; Fwpj;Jiuj;jjpy; gpd;tUkhW Kot[ bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ:
@6/ chpik tHf;fpd; my;yJ nky;KiwaPl;od; my;yJ ntW
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,irtpzf;fj; jPh;t[ K:ykhf j';fsJ gpur;rpidia
,zf;fkhdKiwapy; jPh;t[bra;Jbfhz;lduh> my;yJ mth;fs;. mjid c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?,d; tifaj;ij
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16/ vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd jPh;g;g[iuapy; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; vLf;fg;gl;l fUj;JiuahdJ. kw;w khepy';fspYs;s cah; ePjpkd;w';fshY';Tl cWjpbra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;/ fkyk;kh kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? bcwhdhyp jhYf; mf;hpfy;ruy; g[buhoa{!; nfh?Mg;gnul;ot; khh;f;bfl;o'; brhirl;o ypkpbll;. (2010) 1 V/I/Mh;/ fh;ehlfh Mh;/ 279 vd;w fh;ehlf cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;Kotpidf; Fwpj;Jiuj;jjpy; gpd;tUkhW Kot[ bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ:
@6/ chpik tHf;fpd; my;yJ nky;KiwaPl;od; my;yJ ntW
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,irtpzf;fj; jPh;t[ K:ykhf j';fsJ gpur;rpidia
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Vw;Wf;bfhs;sntz;oapUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; mth;fs;. bghJth;-rkurh; nghd;w vtbuhUtUkpd;wpnah. ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jiyaPod;wpnah. j';fsJ gpur;rpidfisj; j';fSf;fpilna jPh;t[bra;Jbfhz;lhy;. khepy muRf;F ve;jbthU brytpdKk; Vw;glhJ/ mt;thwpUf;ifapy;. tHf;fpYs;s jug;gpdh;fs;. c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?,d;
Jizbfhz;L j';fsJ gpur;rpidiaj; jPh;t[bra;J bfhz;lhnyh my;yJ c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?,d;
Jizehlhky; j';fSf;Fs;shf mjid jPh;t[bra;J bfhz;lhnyh. mJ bjhlh;ghf ePjpkd;w fl;lzj;ijr; brYj;Jk; jug;gpdh;fs; 1870?Mk; Mz;L ePjpkd;wf; fl;lz';fs; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 16?,d; fPH; tifbra;ag;gl;lthW. ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ij KGikahf jpUk;gg;bgWtjw;F chpika[ilatuhth; vd;gnj v';fsJ
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Jizbfhz;L j';fsJ gpur;rpidiaj; jPh;t[bra;J bfhz;lhnyh my;yJ c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?,d;
Jizehlhky; j';fSf;Fs;shf mjid jPh;t[bra;J bfhz;lhnyh. mJ bjhlh;ghf ePjpkd;w fl;lzj;ijr; brYj;Jk; jug;gpdh;fs; 1870?Mk; Mz;L ePjpkd;wf; fl;lz';fs; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 16?,d; fPH; tifbra;ag;gl;lthW. ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ij KGikahf jpUk;gg;bgWtjw;F chpika[ilatuhth; vd;gnj v';fsJ
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18/ n$/nf/ `nghh;$p';!; ?vjph;? <rhh; fd;!;luf;c&d; ,e;jpah ypkpbll; kw;Wk; gyh;. (2009) 113 o/Mh;/n$/ 612 vd;w tHf;fpy; jpy;yp cah; ePjpkd;wKk;
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18/ n$/nf/ `nghh;$p';!; ?vjph;? <rhh; fd;!;luf;c&d; ,e;jpah ypkpbll; kw;Wk; gyh;. (2009) 113 o/Mh;/n$/ 612 vd;w tHf;fpy; jpy;yp cah; ePjpkd;wKk;
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,d;wpaikahj jFjpf;TW vd;gJ ePjpkd;w';fspd; jiyaPod;wp ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F btspna jug;gpdh;? fSf;fpilna jPh;t[bra;Jbfhs;tjhFk;/
18/ ePjpkd;wk; vg;bghGJnk gpur;rpidiaj; jPh;t[bra;a[k; kd;wj;jpw;F jug;gpdh;fis Fwpj;jDg;gntz;Lk; vd;gJk; gphptpd; ntz;LWj;jy; my;y/ jug;gpdh;fs; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F
,Jty;y/ ,J fhytiuapd;wp ePz;Lbfhz;oUf;Fk; tprhuizahf ,Ue;jpUe;jhy;. ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzk; jpUg;gpaspf;fg;glhjij epahag;gLj;jpapUf;fKoa[k;. Mdhy;
,t;thwhd tHf;Ffspy; jug;gpdh;fis Cf;Ftpg;gnj ePjpkd;w';fspd; bgUKaw;rpahf ,Uj;jy;ntz;Lk; kw;Wk; mth;fis Cf;Ftpf;Fk;tpjkhf tHf;Fiua[ld; Toa ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ij jpUg;gpaspf;fntz;Lk;/ xxx
17/ c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?,d; fPH; tFj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;s
VnjDbkhU Kiwapy; kl;Lnk gpur;rpidiaj; jPh;j;Jf;bfhs;Sjy; vd;gJ c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?,d; fPH;
,d;wpaikahj jFjpf;TW my;y/ mJ jPh;t[ fhzg;bgWtjw;fhd rpy Kiwfis tFj;Jiuf;fpwJ vd;gijf;fhl;oYk; gphpt[ 89?,d; bghUe;Jiff;fhd
,d;wpaikahj jFjpf;TW vd;gJ ePjpkd;w';fspd; jiyaPod;wp ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F btspna jug;gpdh;? fSf;fpilna jPh;t[bra;Jbfhs;tjhFk;/
18/ ePjpkd;wk; vg;bghGJnk gpur;rpidiaj; jPh;t[bra;a[k; kd;wj;jpw;F jug;gpdh;fis Fwpj;jDg;gntz;Lk; vd;gJk; gphptpd; ntz;LWj;jy; my;y/ jug;gpdh;fs; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F
btspna jPh;t[fz;oUe;jhy;. mJ neh;ik bewp nfhl;ghl;od; mog;gilapy; tuntw;ff;Toa tplakhf
,Uf;fntz;Lk;/
19/ ePjpkd;wf; fl;lz';fs; rl;lkhdJ. thpkjpg;gPl;Lr; rl;lkhFk;. mJ tpjpKiwg;goahf bghUs;bfhs;sg;gl;L.
Iag;ghl;ow;fhd gyd; VJkpUg;gpd;. mJ jug;gpdUf;F
Mjuthf mspf;fg;glntz;Lnkad;wp khepy muRf;F my;y/@ (typa[Wj;jpf; Twg;gl;lJ)
(nkw;go) fkyk;kh kw;Wk; (nkw;go) n$/nf/ nghh;$p';!; Mfpa ,U tHf;fpYk; vLf;fg;gl;l fUj;J. gpd;dh; ,e;jh;$pj; ft[h; bua;dh ?vjph;? cwh;tpe;jh; ft[h; Mde;j;. 2018 v!;/rp/rp/ Md;iyd; jpy;yp 6557 vd;w tHf;fpy; jpy;yp cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; rhh;t[wg;gl;lJ/
19/ eh';fs;. nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l jPh;Kot[fspy; cah; ePjpkd;w';fshy; vLf;fg;gl;l mQqFKiwa[ld; cld;gLfpnwhk;/ bgUk;ghYk; ,irtpzf;fj;jpd;
K:yk; gpur;rpidapidj; jPh;t[bra;Jbfhs;Sk; Kiwfspd; K:yk; j';fsJ tHf;Ffisj; jpUk;gg;bgw tpUk;g[k; jug;gpdh;fSf;F btFkjp mspg;gnj. gphpt[
69?m?,d; nehf;fkhFk;. mjd;go mth;fshy; itg;gPL bra;ag;gl;l ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ijj; jpUg;gpj;jUkhW nfhu mth;fis ,ay;tpg;gjd; K:yk; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; neuKk;. epjpts';fSk; kpr;rkhfpwJ/ mt;thW ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ijj; jpUg;gpaspg;gJ jug;gpdh;fSf;fpilnaahd gpur;rpidf;Fhpa tplag;bghUSld; bjhlh;g[ilajhfapy;yhtpl;lhYk;. mJ epr;rakhf gpur;rpidiaj; jPh;t[bra;tjw;fhd khw;WKiwfis ehor;bry;y mth;fis J}z;Ltjw;F
,Uf;fntz;Lk;/
19/ ePjpkd;wf; fl;lz';fs; rl;lkhdJ. thpkjpg;gPl;Lr; rl;lkhFk;. mJ tpjpKiwg;goahf bghUs;bfhs;sg;gl;L.
Iag;ghl;ow;fhd gyd; VJkpUg;gpd;. mJ jug;gpdUf;F
Mjuthf mspf;fg;glntz;Lnkad;wp khepy muRf;F my;y/@ (typa[Wj;jpf; Twg;gl;lJ)
(nkw;go) fkyk;kh kw;Wk; (nkw;go) n$/nf/ nghh;$p';!; Mfpa ,U tHf;fpYk; vLf;fg;gl;l fUj;J. gpd;dh; ,e;jh;$pj; ft[h; bua;dh ?vjph;? cwh;tpe;jh; ft[h; Mde;j;. 2018 v!;/rp/rp/ Md;iyd; jpy;yp 6557 vd;w tHf;fpy; jpy;yp cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; rhh;t[wg;gl;lJ/
19/ eh';fs;. nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l jPh;Kot[fspy; cah; ePjpkd;w';fshy; vLf;fg;gl;l mQqFKiwa[ld; cld;gLfpnwhk;/ bgUk;ghYk; ,irtpzf;fj;jpd;
K:yk; gpur;rpidapidj; jPh;t[bra;Jbfhs;Sk; Kiwfspd; K:yk; j';fsJ tHf;Ffisj; jpUk;gg;bgw tpUk;g[k; jug;gpdh;fSf;F btFkjp mspg;gnj. gphpt[
69?m?,d; nehf;fkhFk;. mjd;go mth;fshy; itg;gPL bra;ag;gl;l ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ijj; jpUg;gpj;jUkhW nfhu mth;fis ,ay;tpg;gjd; K:yk; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; neuKk;. epjpts';fSk; kpr;rkhfpwJ/ mt;thW ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ijj; jpUg;gpaspg;gJ jug;gpdh;fSf;fpilnaahd gpur;rpidf;Fhpa tplag;bghUSld; bjhlh;g[ilajhfapy;yhtpl;lhYk;. mJ epr;rakhf gpur;rpidiaj; jPh;t[bra;tjw;fhd khw;WKiwfis ehor;bry;y mth;fis J}z;Ltjw;F
Jizg[hpa[k; bghUshjhuhPjpahd Cf;Ftpg;ghFk;/ (nkw;go) fkyk;kh vd;w tHf;fpy;. c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?,d; fPH; ePjpj;Jiw jiyaPl;od; mtrpakpd;wp j';fsJ gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;t[bra;Jbfhs;s xg;g[f;bfhz;l jug;gpdh;fs;.
,g;gaidg;bgw kpft[k; jFjpa[ilath;fns vd;W fh;ehlf cah; ePjpkd;wk; rhpahfnt fUj;Jiuj;jJ/ mth;fs; j';fsJ nfhhpf;iffis jh';fshfnt jPh;khdpj;Jf;bfhs;s tpUk;g[tjhnyna mth;fs; gpur;rpidiaj; jPh;j;Jf;bfhs;s xU K:d;whk; jug;gpdh; mikg;g[f;fhf xU rh;r;irf;Fhpa jsthlj;ij
Vw;gLj;JtjpypUe;J muirf; fhj;Js;sdh;/ bghJth; jPh;t[k;. rkurKk; epr;rakhf gpur;rpidf;F jPh;t[fhQqfpd;w eyk;gaf;Fk; Kiwfshf ,Ue;jhYk;. jug;gpdh;fSf;fpilna jdpg;gl;lKiwapy; ,zf;fkhd ngr;Rthh;j;ij elj;Jtjd;
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf; Fiwj;Jf; Twf;TlhJ vdt[k; eh';fs; mwpfpnwhk;/ v';fsJ fUj;jpd;go. c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F btspna jPh;t[ fhQqk;Kiwfis kl;Lk; Vd; gphpt[ 69?m Cf;fg;gLj;jntz;Lk; vd;gjw;Fk;. jug;gpdh;fshy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; kw;wKiwfis khw;whe;jhapd; kfidg;nghy Vd; ghtpf;fntz;Lk; vd;gjw;Fkhd epahakhd fhuzk; VJk; brhy;yg;gltpy;iy/ xg;g[f;bfhz;lthW. jug;gpdh;fs;. fhytiuaiwapd;wp ePz;Lbfhz;oUf;Fk; tprhuizf;F my;yJ gy;ntwhd mw;gkhd tHf;FfSf;F gpd;dh;. j';fsJ gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;j;Jf;bfhz;Ltpl;ljhd ghtidapy; ePjpkd;wf; fl;lz';fisj; jpUg;gpaspf;ff;nfhhp ePjpkd;wj;ij mQqFtjw;fhd
N:H;epiyfSk; ,Uf;fyhk;/ mt;thwhd tHf;Ffspy; ePjpkd;wk;. jug;gpdh;fspd;
Ke;ija elj;ijiaa[k; neh;ikbewp nfhl;ghLfisa[k; fUj;jpw;bfhz;L. ePjpkd;wf; fl;lz';fSf;Fhpa bjhlh;g[ila tpjpfspd;fPH; ghpfhuk; tH';f
,g;gaidg;bgw kpft[k; jFjpa[ilath;fns vd;W fh;ehlf cah; ePjpkd;wk; rhpahfnt fUj;Jiuj;jJ/ mth;fs; j';fsJ nfhhpf;iffis jh';fshfnt jPh;khdpj;Jf;bfhs;s tpUk;g[tjhnyna mth;fs; gpur;rpidiaj; jPh;j;Jf;bfhs;s xU K:d;whk; jug;gpdh; mikg;g[f;fhf xU rh;r;irf;Fhpa jsthlj;ij
Vw;gLj;JtjpypUe;J muirf; fhj;Js;sdh;/ bghJth; jPh;t[k;. rkurKk; epr;rakhf gpur;rpidf;F jPh;t[fhQqfpd;w eyk;gaf;Fk; Kiwfshf ,Ue;jhYk;. jug;gpdh;fSf;fpilna jdpg;gl;lKiwapy; ,zf;fkhd ngr;Rthh;j;ij elj;Jtjd;
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf; Fiwj;Jf; Twf;TlhJ vdt[k; eh';fs; mwpfpnwhk;/ v';fsJ fUj;jpd;go. c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F btspna jPh;t[ fhQqk;Kiwfis kl;Lk; Vd; gphpt[ 69?m Cf;fg;gLj;jntz;Lk; vd;gjw;Fk;. jug;gpdh;fshy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; kw;wKiwfis khw;whe;jhapd; kfidg;nghy Vd; ghtpf;fntz;Lk; vd;gjw;Fkhd epahakhd fhuzk; VJk; brhy;yg;gltpy;iy/ xg;g[f;bfhz;lthW. jug;gpdh;fs;. fhytiuaiwapd;wp ePz;Lbfhz;oUf;Fk; tprhuizf;F my;yJ gy;ntwhd mw;gkhd tHf;FfSf;F gpd;dh;. j';fsJ gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;j;Jf;bfhz;Ltpl;ljhd ghtidapy; ePjpkd;wf; fl;lz';fisj; jpUg;gpaspf;ff;nfhhp ePjpkd;wj;ij mQqFtjw;fhd
N:H;epiyfSk; ,Uf;fyhk;/ mt;thwhd tHf;Ffspy; ePjpkd;wk;. jug;gpdh;fspd;
Ke;ija elj;ijiaa[k; neh;ikbewp nfhl;ghLfisa[k; fUj;jpw;bfhz;L. ePjpkd;wf; fl;lz';fSf;Fhpa bjhlh;g[ila tpjpfspd;fPH; ghpfhuk; tH';f
kWf;fyhk;/ MapDk;. jw;nghija tHf;F. mj;jifa jd;ikbfhz;ljhf eh';fs; fhztpy;iy/
20/ vdnt. 1955?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 69?m kw;Wk; c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?,d; tiuaiwfspd; tpjpKiwrhh;e;j bghUs;tpsf;fkhdJ. jug;gpdh;fSf;fpilnaahd mj;jifa jdpg;gl;lKiwapyhd ngr;Rthh;j;ijfisa[k;. xj;jpirt[j; jPh;t[fisa[k; cs;slf;fhJ vd;whY';Tl. mj;jifa xj;jpirt[j; jPh;t[fspy; g';nfw;gth;fs;. c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?,d; fPH; gpur;rpidia khw;WKiwfspy; jPh;t[bra;Jbfhs;Sk; Kiwfis ehor;bry;y
Fwpj;jDg;gg;gLgth;fSf;F fpilf;ff;Toa mnj gad;fisg;bgw chpika[ilath;fs; vd;gij eh';fs; typa[Wj;jpf; TWfpnwhk;/ cz;ikapy;. kDjhuh;. mj;jifa gaid tH';Ftij Vd; mt;thW jPtpukhf vjph;f;fntz;Lk; vd;W eh';fs; jpifg;gilfpnwhk;/ gjpthsh; mYtyfk;-khepy muR FWfpa fhyj;jpy; ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ij xUKiwjhd; ,Hf;Fk; vd;whYk; ePz;lfhykhf Kotw;w RHw;rpapYs;s tHf;Ffis elj;Jtjpy; mth;fSf;F
Vw;gLk; brytpdj;ija[k;. bryt[ tha;g;gpida[k; kpr;rg;gLj;JfpwJ/ Mfnt. mth;fsJ Ra mf;fiwapd;nghpy; 1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuhpd; nfhhpf;ifia mDkjpj;jpUf;fntz;Lk;/
21/ ,t;thwhf. v';fsJ fUj;Jg;go. c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89 kw;Wk;
1955?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 69?m Mfpait jhuhsg;nghf;Fld; bghUs;bfhs;sg;glntz;Lk; vd;W cah; ePjpkd;wk; jPh;khdpj;jJ rhpnaahFk;/
,t;tphpthd bray;nehf;Fila bghUs;tpsf;fj;ijf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;L. eh';fs; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kotpid cWjpbra;J. c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?I
20/ vdnt. 1955?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 69?m kw;Wk; c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?,d; tiuaiwfspd; tpjpKiwrhh;e;j bghUs;tpsf;fkhdJ. jug;gpdh;fSf;fpilnaahd mj;jifa jdpg;gl;lKiwapyhd ngr;Rthh;j;ijfisa[k;. xj;jpirt[j; jPh;t[fisa[k; cs;slf;fhJ vd;whY';Tl. mj;jifa xj;jpirt[j; jPh;t[fspy; g';nfw;gth;fs;. c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?,d; fPH; gpur;rpidia khw;WKiwfspy; jPh;t[bra;Jbfhs;Sk; Kiwfis ehor;bry;y
Fwpj;jDg;gg;gLgth;fSf;F fpilf;ff;Toa mnj gad;fisg;bgw chpika[ilath;fs; vd;gij eh';fs; typa[Wj;jpf; TWfpnwhk;/ cz;ikapy;. kDjhuh;. mj;jifa gaid tH';Ftij Vd; mt;thW jPtpukhf vjph;f;fntz;Lk; vd;W eh';fs; jpifg;gilfpnwhk;/ gjpthsh; mYtyfk;-khepy muR FWfpa fhyj;jpy; ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ij xUKiwjhd; ,Hf;Fk; vd;whYk; ePz;lfhykhf Kotw;w RHw;rpapYs;s tHf;Ffis elj;Jtjpy; mth;fSf;F
Vw;gLk; brytpdj;ija[k;. bryt[ tha;g;gpida[k; kpr;rg;gLj;JfpwJ/ Mfnt. mth;fsJ Ra mf;fiwapd;nghpy; 1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuhpd; nfhhpf;ifia mDkjpj;jpUf;fntz;Lk;/
21/ ,t;thwhf. v';fsJ fUj;Jg;go. c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89 kw;Wk;
1955?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 69?m Mfpait jhuhsg;nghf;Fld; bghUs;bfhs;sg;glntz;Lk; vd;W cah; ePjpkd;wk; jPh;khdpj;jJ rhpnaahFk;/
,t;tphpthd bray;nehf;Fila bghUs;tpsf;fj;ijf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;L. eh';fs; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kotpid cWjpbra;J. c/tp/K/r/. gphpt[ 89?I
cs;slf;FtnjhL. ePjpkd;wk; gpd;dpl;L. jug;gpdh;fSf;fpilnaahd gpur;rpidia ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F btspna jPh;j;Jf;bfhs;Sk; midj;J KiwfspYk; rl;lg;goahf
Kot[ vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhf mwpatUkplj;J. mtw;Wf;Fk; 1955?Mk; Mz;L rl;lg;gphpt[ 69?m?,d; gaid tphpt[gLj;jntz;Lk; vd jPh;khdpf;fpnwhk;/ Mjyhy;.
,J jw;nghija fUj;JntWghl;il cs;slf;FfpwJ/ ,jpy; jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; jPh;t[ vl;lg;bgw;W. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;g[ nky;KiwaPl;ilj; jpUk;gg;bgWtjw;fhd nfhhpf;ifkD jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l ,j;jifa xU neh;tpY';Tl. nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd ,jpYs;s 1?Mk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ijj; jpUk;gg;bgWtjw;Fhpatuhthh;/ jPh;Kot[fSk; cj;jut[fSk;
22/ mjd;go ,k;kDf;fs; js;Sgo bra;ag;gLfpd;wd kw;Wk;
08/01/2020?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd jPh;g;g[iu cWjpbra;ag;gLfpwJ/
23/ nky;KiwaPL tHf;F vz;fs; 876-2012 kw;Wk; 566-2013?,y; 1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuuhy; itg;gPL bra;ag;gl;l ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ij MW thu fhyj;jpw;Fs; jpUg;gpaspf;Fk;go kDjhuh;fSf;F cj;jutplg;gLfpd;wJ/ khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ nkhfd; vk;/ re;jhdft[lh; khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ tpdPj; ruz; g[J jpy;yp.
17/02/2021/
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Kot[ vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhf mwpatUkplj;J. mtw;Wf;Fk; 1955?Mk; Mz;L rl;lg;gphpt[ 69?m?,d; gaid tphpt[gLj;jntz;Lk; vd jPh;khdpf;fpnwhk;/ Mjyhy;.
,J jw;nghija fUj;JntWghl;il cs;slf;FfpwJ/ ,jpy; jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; jPh;t[ vl;lg;bgw;W. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;g[ nky;KiwaPl;ilj; jpUk;gg;bgWtjw;fhd nfhhpf;ifkD jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l ,j;jifa xU neh;tpY';Tl. nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhd ,jpYs;s 1?Mk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ijj; jpUk;gg;bgWtjw;Fhpatuhthh;/ jPh;Kot[fSk; cj;jut[fSk;
22/ mjd;go ,k;kDf;fs; js;Sgo bra;ag;gLfpd;wd kw;Wk;
08/01/2020?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd jPh;g;g[iu cWjpbra;ag;gLfpwJ/
23/ nky;KiwaPL tHf;F vz;fs; 876-2012 kw;Wk; 566-2013?,y; 1?Mk; vjph;kDjhuuhy; itg;gPL bra;ag;gl;l ePjpkd;wf; fl;lzj;ij MW thu fhyj;jpw;Fs; jpUg;gpaspf;Fk;go kDjhuh;fSf;F cj;jutplg;gLfpd;wJ/ khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ nkhfd; vk;/ re;jhdft[lh; khz;g[kpF ePjpaurh; jpU/ tpdPj; ruz; g[J jpy;yp.
17/02/2021/
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