3c6bea171d736ace9219920d282ef8840877eeac29f97a2cb72aa01afab2fa77

2021 INSC 243

fjt[ vz; 325?,y; mike;Js;s brhj;ij tpw;gjw;fhf xnu FLk;gj;ijr;rhh;e;j nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSld; jdpg;gl;l xg;ge;j';fis vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; bra;Jbfhz;lhh; vd tHf;Fiufspy; rhl;Liuf;fg;gl;lJ/ xg;ge;jj;jpd; epge;jidfspd;go ehd;F khj fhyj;jpw;Fs; tpw;gid epiwt[bgwntz;Lk;/ vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs;. tpw;gizahtz';fs; epiwntw;wp gjpt[bra;tjw;F Kd;djhfnt tpy;y';fr; rhd;wpjH; jhf;fy; bra;jpUf;fntz;Lk;/ vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs;. 1961?Mk; Mz;L tUkhdthpr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 230?m?,d; fPH; tUkhdthp jilePf;fr; rhd;wpjiHa[k; bgwntz;Lk;/ xg;ge;jj;jpy; tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;s flg;ghl;Lf;fpz';f. Kjy; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;. brhj;ij chpik khw;w";bra;a mDkjpg;gjw;fhf. tUkhdthp mjpfhhpfsplk; tpz;zg;gpj;jhh;/ tUkhdthp mjpfhhpfs; 25/6/1991 md;W brhj;jpd; fl;lha ifafg;gLj;Jiff;fhd cj;jut[ xd;iwg; gpwg;gpj;jdh;/ 3/ tUkhdthp mjpfhhpapd; cj;juit vjph;j;J vjph;nky;Kiw? aPl;lhsh;fshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l ePjpg;nguhiz kD. bkl;uh!; cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; 21/12/1992?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l mjDila cj;jutpd;K:yk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ/ tHf;ifg; g[jpjhf kPz;Lk; ghprPypg;gjw;fhf mjpfhhpfSf;F cj;jutplg;gl;lJ/ tUkhdthp mjpfhhpfs; 22/2/1993 md;W brhj;ij th';Fk;go gzpj;J kw;bwhU cj;jut[ gpwg;gpj;jdh;/ nkw;go cj;jut[ cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; vjph;f;fg;gl;L. 10/3/1993 md;W ,ilf;fhy cWj;Jf;fl;lis cj;jut[ xd;W gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;lJ/ brhj;jpd; jd;ikia khw;whky; mJfhWk; cs;sepiyia ngQqk;go jug;gpdh;fSf;F cj;jutplg;gl;lJ/ tUkhdthp mjpfhhpfshy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l cj;jut[fSld; bjhlh;g[ila xg;ge;j';fSf;Fg; gpwF

epiwt[bra;ag;gl;ltw;iwa[k;. mt;t[j;jut[fis vjph;f;fpd;w ePjpg;nguhiz kDf;fspd; epYitapida[k; fUj;jpw;bfhz;L. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSk;. vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSk; 24/1/1994 md;W ehd;F jdpj;jdp g[hpe;Jzh;t[ xg;ge;j';fis epiwntw;wpdh;/ g[hpe;Jzh;t[ xg;ge;j';fspd; thrf';fs;. 20/3/1991?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l xg;ge;jj;jpw;F gjpyhdjy;y/ mit TLjyhfr; nrh;f;fg;gl;lit vd;gijf; fhl;Lfpd;wd/ tpw;gid Mtz';fisg; gjpt[bra;tjd; thapyhf tpw;gid epiwtila[k;tiu vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; mry; chpikK:y Mtz';fisj; bjhlh;e;J itj;jpUf;fntz;Lk; vd;Wk; xg;g[f;bfhs;sg;gl;lJ/ mry; chpikK:y Mtz';fs; gjptpd;nghJ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fsplk; xg;gilf;fg;gLk;/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l bjhif brYj;jg;gl;lJ vd;Wk;. mth;fSf;F Mjuthf ePjpg;nguhiz kDf;fs; jPh;t[bra;j gpd;dh;. cldoahf tpw;gidahtz';fs; gjpt[ bra;ag;gLk; rkaj;jpy; v";rpa[s;s tpw;gidj; bjhifahdJ vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fsplk; brYj;jg;gLk; vd;Wk; g[hpe;Jzh;t[ xg;ge;jj;jpy; gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;lJ/ 4/ tUkhdthp mjpfhhpfshy;. fl;lhaf; ifafg;gLj;jg;gl;lij vjph;j;J jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l ePjpg;nguhiz kDf;fs;. 11/09/1998 md;W jPh;t[ bra;ag;gl;ld/ ePjpg;nguhiz kDf;fis mDkjpf;fpd;w cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fw;wwpe;j jdpakh; ePjpaurhpd; jPh;g;g[iu. nky;KiwaPl;ilj; jhf;fy; bra;jjd;thapyhf tUkhdthpj; Jiwahy; vjph;j;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; fpiua Mtzj;ij epiwntw;Wtjw;fhd nfhhpf;if vGe;jnghJ. mJ ePjpg;nguhiz nky;KiwaPL jPh;t[bra;ag;gl;l gpd;dnu bra;ag;gLk; vd;W vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; mth;fsplk; bjhptpj;jdh;/

,e;jpad; t';fp mjw;fhd fld;fis vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fsplkpUe;J tN:ypg;gjw;fhd chpik tHf;F xd;iwj; jhf;fy; bra;jJ/ vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fsplk; bjhlh;e;J nfhhpf;iftpLj;jnghjpYk;. mth;fs; fpiua Mtz';fis epiwntw;whjjhy;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; Fwpj;jtif epiwntw;wj;jpw;fhd jdpj;jdp tHf;Ffisj; jhf;fy; bra;jdh;/ 5/ vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l vjph;tHf;Fiuapy;. 22/1/1994?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l g[hpe;Jzh;t[ xg;ge;jkhdJ. 20/3/1991?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l tHf;F cld;gof;iffSf;F khw;whf mike;jbjd gzpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ chpik tHf;F fhytiuaiwiaf; fle;Jtpl;lJ vd vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; rhh;ghf thjplg;gl;lJ/ jug;gpdh;fSf;fpilnaahd fpiuak; ehd;F khj fhy';fSf;Fs; Kot[bra;ag;glntz;Lk; vd;W xg;g[f;bfhs;sg;gl;ljhy;. 20/3/1991?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l cld;gof;ifapy; fhyk; ,d;wpaikahjf; Twhf ,Ue;jJ/ tUkhdthpj; Jiwapd; Mizf;F vjpuhf jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l ePjpg;nguhiz kD 1998?Mk; Mz;L mDkjpf;fg;gl;oUe;jnghjpYk;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; 2000?Mk; Mz;oy; chpik tHf;Ffisj; jhf;fy; bra;tjw;F Kd;g[. ,uz;L tUl';fSf;F nkyhf mikjpahf ,Ue;jdh; vd;gJ mth;fs; cld;gof;ifapy; j';fsJ gFjpia epiwntw;Wtjw;F jahuhfnth. tpUg;gj;Jlndh ,y;iy vd;gij bjspthff; fhl;LfpwJ vd;gjhFk;/ 6/ ehd;;F chpik tHf;Ffs; aht[k; xUnru tprhhpf;fg;gl;L. mt;t[hpik tHf;Ffs; 17/7/2003 md;W cah; ePjpkd;w jdpakh; ePjpauruhy; jPh;g;ghizaplg;gl;lJ/ v";rpa tpw;gidj; bjhifia 12# tl;oj; bjhifa[ld; nrh;j;J jPh;g;ghizaplg;gl;l ehspypUe;J vl;L thu';fSf;Fs; itg;gPL bra;a

nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F cj;jutplg;gl;L. mt;thW itg;gPL bra;tjd;nghpy;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F Mjuthf fpiua Mtzj;ij epiwntw;w vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F cj;jutplg;gl;lJ/ mjd;gpd;dh;. nky;Kiw? aPl;lhsh;fsplk; brhj;jpd; RthjPdj;ij xg;gilf;f vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F cj;jutplg;gl;lJ/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; 01/8/2003 md;W v";rpa tpw;gidj; bjhifia itg;gPL bra;jdh;/ fw;wwpe;j jdpakh; ePjpaurhpd; jPh;g;g[iuf;F vjpuhf vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; Kjnyw;g[ chpik nky;KiwaPLfisj; jhf;fy; bra;jdh;/ mit 25/7/2008 md;W cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; ePjpah; <uhaj;jhy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;ld/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F Mjuthf gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l jPh;g;ghizfis ePf;fwt[ bra;j ePjpah; <uhaj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuna jw;nghija nky;KiwaPLfspd; tplag;bghUshFk;/ 7/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l chpik tHf;fpy; jPh;g;ghizapLifapy;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; cld;gof;ifapy; j';fsJ gFjpia epiwntw;Wtjpy; mf;fiw VJk; fhl;ltpy;iy vd;Wk; TwKoahJ. mth;fsplk; nghJkhd epjpapy;iy vd;Wk; TwKoahJ vd;W cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fw;wwpe;j jdpakh; ePjpaurh; jdJ fUj;ijj; bjhptpj;jhh;/ nkYk; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; v";rpa tpw;gidj; bjhifia itg;gPL bra;jjd;K:yk; xg;ge;jj;jpd; j';fsJ gFjpia epiwntw;w vg;bghGJk; jahuhft[k;. tpUg;gj;JlDk; ,Ue;jjhf jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ/ nkYk;. mth; fpiuaj; bjhifapd; bgUk;ghyhd gFjp Vw;bfdnt brYj;jg;gl;Ltpl;lJ vd;Wk; fUj;Jiuj;jhh;/ fw;wwpe;j jdpakh; ePjpaurhpd; Tw;Wg;go. ePjpg;nguhiz kDf;fs; jPh;t[ bra;ag;gl;l njjpapypUe;J K:d;W tUl fhyj;jpw;Fs; chpik tHf;F jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;ljhy;. mJ

fhytiuaiwahy; jilbra;ag;gl;ljhff; Tw ,ayhJ/ 24/1/1994?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l g[hpe;Jzh;t[ xg;ge;j';fs; 20/3/1991?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l cld;gof;iffnshL itj;jpUf;fg;glntz;oaitahFk;/ nkw;go fhz;Kot[fspd; nghpy;. fw;wwpe;j jdpakh; ePjpaurh; chpik tHf;fpy; jPh;g;ghizapl;lhh;/ vdpDk; ,Hg;g[f;fhd jPh;tspg;g[f;F nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; nfhug;gl;l ghpfhuk; tH';fg;gltpy;iy/ fw;wwpe;j jdpakh; ePjpaurh;. v";rpa[s;s tpw;gidj; bjhiff;F 12 rjtPjj;ij tl;oahf jPh;tspj;jhh;/ 8/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; ePjpg;nguhiz kD jPh;t[ bra;ag;gl;lijaLj;J. cldoahf v";rpa tpw;gidj; bjhifia brYj;jtpy;iy vd;W jPh;khdpj;jjd;nghpy; cah; ePjpkd;w ePjpah; <uhakhdJ. fw;wwpe;j jdpakh; ePjpaurhpd; jPh;g;g[iu kw;Wk; jPh;g;ghizia ePf;fwt[ bra;jJ/ ePjpg;nguhiz kD 11/9/1998 md;W jPh;t[ bra;ag;gl;lnghjpYk; 2000?Mk; Mz;L mf;nlhgh; Kjy; ork;gh; khj';fSf;fpilna chpik tHf;Ffs; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;Ls;sd/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy;. fpiua Mtz';fis epiwntw;wf;nfhhp mwptpg;g[fs; VJk; mDg;gg;glt[kpy;iy. mth;fs; Kj;jpiu jhs;fs; VJk; th';fpapUf;ft[kpy;iy/ ePjpah; <uhaj;jpd; fUj;Jg;go. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; ePjpg;nguhiz kDf;fs; jPh;t[bra;ag;gl;l gpwF. ,uz;L Mz;Lfs; kw;Wk; K:d;W khj';fs; mikjpf;fhj;Jte;jdh; vd;w r';fjpa[ld; mth;fs; cld;gof;ifapd; j';fsJ gFjpia epiwntw;Wtjw;F jahuhft[k; tpUg;gj;JlDk; ,y;iy vd;gijna nkw;go fhuzpfs; Rl;of;fhl;Lfpd;wd/ mijj;jtpu. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; Fwpj;jtif epiwntw;wy; ghpfhuj;jpw;F chpika[ilath;fs; my;yh; vd;W jPh;khdpg;gjw;F mth;fspd; elj;ij Fwpj;J cah; ePjpkd;w

ePjpah; <uhaj;jhy; fUj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; brhj;jpd; xU ghfj;jpd; cilikia vt;thW bgw;Wf;bfhz;ldh; vd;gijf; Fwpj;J thJiuj;J epU:gpf;fhjjw;fhf ePjpah; <uhak; mth;fis FiwTwpaJ/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs;. brhj;jpd; xU ghfj;jpd; cilikapy; bjhlh;e;J ,Ue;JtUtjhy;. brhj;jpd; fhyp cilikf;fhd mth;fsJ nfhhpf;if gadw;wbjd fz;lwpag;gl;lJ/ ,e;jpad; t';fpapd; mYtyfk; ,a';fpf;bfhz;oUf;Fk; brhj;jpd; fPH;jsj;jpw;Fs; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; mj;JkPw Kd;Ws;sjhy; mth;fs; Fwpj;jtif epiwntw;wj;jpd; neh;ikbewp ghpfhuk; nfhUtjpypUe;J mth;fis chpikaw;wth;fshf;fpaJ/ 9/ eh';fs;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;fhd tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ ,uhfnte;jpuh v!;/ _tj;rh kw;Wk; vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;fhd fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ gp/v!;/ eurpk;cwh Mfpnahhpd; thj';fisf; nfl;nlhk;/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; thJiu ahbjdpy;. cld;gof;iffSk;. g[hpe;Jzh;t[ xg;ge;j';fSk; xU';nf thrpf;fg;glntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;/ brhj;ij th';Ftjw;fhd midj;J ehd;F cld;gof;iffspd; tpw;gidj; bjhif U:/37 ,yl;rk; vd;Wk;. mjpy; U:/34 ,yl;rk; 1994?Mk; mz;L Mf!;l; khjj;jpw;Fs; brYj;jg;gl;Ltpl;lJ vd;Wk; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; rhh;ghf thjplg;gl;lJ/ 11/9/1998?Mk; njjpaplg;gl;l cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iuia vjph;j;J tUkhdthpj; Jiwahy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l ePjpg;nguhiz nky;KiwaPL epYitapYs;sJ vd;w fhuzj;jpd;nghpy;. fpiua Mtz';fis epiwntw;Wtjw;fhf nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; bra;ag;gl;l nfhhpf;ifahdJ vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshy; epuhfhpf;fg;gl;lJ vd;W jpU/ _tj;rh

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fpiua Mtzk; gjpt[ bra;ag;gLk; rkaj;jpy; cldoahf v";rpa fpiuaj; bjhifiar; brYj;Jk; bghWg;g[ld; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fis gpizf;fpwJ vd;W mth; gzpe;Jiuj;jhh;/ jpU/ _tj;rhtpd; Tw;Wg;go. cah; ePjpkd;wk;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fis FiwfhQqk;bghUl;L @fpiua Mtz';fs; gjpt[ bra;ag;gLk; rkaj;jpy;@ vd;w kpf Kf;fpakhd thh;j;ijfisg; g[wf;fzpj;Jtpl;L. @cldoahf@ vd;w thh;j;ijapd;nky; rhh;t[w;W gpiHg[hpe;Jtpl;lJ vd;gjhFk;/ tUkhdthpj; Jiwahy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l ePjpg;nguhiz nky;KiwaPl;od; epYitna. ePjpg;nguhiz kDf;fs; jPh;t[ bra;ag;gl;l gpd;dh;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs;. cldoahf chpik tHf;Ffisj; jhf;fy; bra;a ve;j eltof;iffSk; vLf;ftpy;iy vd;gjw;fhd fhuzkhFk;/ nf/v!;/ tpj;ahehjk; kw;Wk; gyh; ?vjph;? itutd;4 kw;Wk; rhujhkzp fe;jg;gd; ?vjph;? v!;/ ,uh$yc&;kp5 vd;fpd;w ,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iufspypUe;J Mjuiteho. jpU/ _tj;rh. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs;. fpiuaj; bjhifapd; xU bgUk; gFjpia brYj;jptpl;ljhYk;. cilikapd; xU gFjp mth;fsplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;L. chpik tHf;F fhytiuaiwf;Fl;gl;L jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;Ls;sjhYk;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs;. Fwpj;jtif epiwntw;wg; ghpfhuj;jpw;Fhpatuhth; vd;W thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ nkYk; 1963?Mk; Mz;L Fwpj;jtif ghpfhur; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 10?m ,ilr;brUfg;gl;l fUj;jpw;bfhz;L ghh;f;ifapy;. Fwpj;jtif epiwntw;Wjy;. tpUg;gjpfhug; ghpfhukhf ,dpnkYk; ,Uf;fhJ vd;gJ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; rhh;ghf gzpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ nky;KiwaPLfs; cl;gl 4/ (1997) 3 v!;/rp/rp/ 1 5/ (2011) 12 v!;/rp/rp/ 18

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