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(rpwg;g[ mDkjp kD (c) vz; 6731-2021?,ypUe;J vGfpwJ)
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JUDGMENT
1) mDkjp tH';fg;gl;lJ/ m/ cz;ik epfH;t[ bjhlh;ghd gpd;dzp 2/,k;nky;KiwaPl;oy;,uz;L murpayikg;g[ mjpfhhpfspd; mjpfhu';fis rPh;J}f;fpg; ghh;g;gjpYs;s xU EQqf;fkhd nfs;tp Clfj;jpd; rpe;jid btspaPL kw;Wk; ngr;R Rje;jpuk;. 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Kff; ftrk; mzpjy; nghd;w tpjpKiwfs; kw;Wk;,ju nfhtpl;?19 bjhlh;ghd fl;Lg;ghLfs; nghd;wit filg;gpof;fg;gltpy;iy vd;W Twp murpay; fl;rpfSf;F njh;jy; Mizak; 9 Vg;uy; 2021[6] njjpaplg;gl;l kw;bwhU fojj;ij tH';fpaJ/ nkYk; tpjpKiwfis kPWk; neh;t[fs; bjhlUkhapd;. bghJf; Tl;l';fs; kw;Wk; nguzpfs; Mfpatw;iw jilbra;tJ Fwpj;J njh;jy; Mizaj;jhy; ghprPypf;fg;gLk; vd;gJk; fUj;jpw;bfhs;sg;gl;lJ/ tpisthf. gpur;rhu jpd';fspd;nghJ khiy 7/00 kzp Kjy; fhiy 10/00 kzpf;F,ilna bjUf;Tj;Jfs;. nguzpfs; kw;Wk; bghJf;Tl;l';fSf;F 16 Vg;uy; 2021[7] njjpaplg;gl;l Mizapd;thapyhf jiltpjpj;jJ/ mnjehspy; nfhtpl;?19 bjhlh;ghd ghJfhg;g[ tpjpKiwfis fz;og;g[ld; filg;gpof;fntz;Lbkd;gij kPz;Lk; typa[Wj;jp kw;bwhU fojk;8 tH';fg;gl;lJ/ 5/ foj vz; 4-21-2021-v!;/o/Mh;/-gFjp?1 6/ foj vz; 4-2021-v!;/o/Mh;/-gFjp?1 7/ Miz vz; 464-lgps;a{/gp/?vy;/v/-2021 8/ foj vz; 464-lgps;a{/gp/?vy;/v/-2021 5/ fU:h; rl;lkd;w bjhFp 135?,d; m/,/m/jp/K/f/ ntl;ghsUk; kw;Wk; khtl;lr; brayhsUkhd vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsuhy; brd;id cah; ePjpkd;wk; Kd;g[ xU ePjpg;nguhiz kDitj; jhf;fy; bra;jhh;/ nfhtpl;?19 tHf;Ffspd; vz;zpf;ifapy; cs;s miybaGr;rpia Fwpj;Jf;fhl;o vz;zpf;if rhtofspy; cs;s mYtyh;fspd; ghJfhg;g[ kw;Wk; Mnuhf;fpaj;ij cWjpg;gLj;j nghJkhd Kd;bdr;rhpf;if eltof;iffis nkw;bfhs;Sk;go nj/M/ 16 Vg;uy; 2021 md;W fojk; xd;iw vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; mDg;gpdhh;/ gjpy; vJt[k; bgwhj fhuzj;jpdhy;. vjph;nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; cah; ePjpkd;wj;ij mQqfp nfhtpl;?19 tpjpKiwfSf;fpz';f Vw;ghLfs; bra;at[k; kw;Wk; jpwkhd eltof;iffis vLg;gjd;thapyhf fU:h; rl;lkd;w bjhFjp 135?,y; 2 nk 2021 md;W epahakhd thf;F vz;zpf;ifia cWjpbra;tjw;fhd xU fl;lis fpilf;fg;bgw Kaw;rpj;jhh;/ 6/ brd;id cah; ePjpkd;w jiyik ePjpaurh; jpU/ r";rPg; ngdh;$p kw;Wk; ePjpaurh; bre;jpy;Fkhh; uhkK:h;j;jp Mfpnahh; ml';fpa cah; ePjpkd;w ePjpah; Maj;jpduhy;,k;kD tprhhpf;fg;gl;L. 26 Vg;uy; 2021 md;W gpd;tUk; thrf';fspd;go Xh; Miz gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;lJ: @4/ [...] Vg;uy; 6. 2021 md;W khepyj;jpy; thf;Fg;gjpt[ bgUk;ghYk; mikjpahf eilbgw;wnghjpYk;. njh;jy; gpur;rhu';fs; kw;Wk; nguzpfspd; rkaj;jpy; nfhtpl;?19 bewpKiwfis murpay; fl;rpfs; gpd;gw;wpaij njh;jy; Mizak; cWjpbra;atpy;iy vd;gJ ftdpf;fg;glntz;Lk;/,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpy; mnjnghd;W cj;jut[fs;,Ue;jnghjpYk;. xt;bthU njh;jy; kDtpd; mnefkhd Mizfspd; mog;gilapy; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; TWtijg;nghy. gpur;rhu fhyj;jpd;nghJ nfhtpl; bewpKiwfisf; filg;gpoj;jpUf;fntz;Lk; vd;Wk;. mj;jifa jdpr;rpwg;g[tha;e;j bewpKiwfisg; gpd;gw;Wtjpy; njh;jy; Mizak; jtwpapUf;ff;TLbkd;Wk;. gpur;rhu';fSk; kw;Wk; nguzpfSk;,ilbtsp tpjpKiwfisg; gpd;gw;whky; elj;jg;gl;lJ vd;Wk;. nkYk; elj;ij tpjpfspd;,ju ntz;LWj;jy;fis ntz;Lbkd;nw g[wf;fzpj;jjpy; njh;jy; Mizak; jd; g';fpw;F mikjpahfr; brd;Ws;sJ/ 5/ kw;w rpy khepy';fisg;nghy,e;j khepyk; nkhrkhf ghjpg;gilatpy;iy vd;wnghjpYk;. jpdrhp mog;gilapd;nghpy; neh;t[fspd; vz;zpf;ifapYs;s tpiuthd miyapd; epkpj;jkhf. Vwj;jhH xU thuj;jpw;F mg;ghy;,Uf;fpd;w nk 2. 2021 md;W thf;F vz;zpf;ifapd;nghJ gpd;gw;wntz;oa eltof;iffs; Fwpj;J. jw;nghJ epytptUk; fLikahd N:H;epiyapd; fhuzkhf Vw;bfdnt jpl;lkplg;gl;oUf;fntz;Lk;/ murpanyh my;yJ murpayw;wnjh. thf;F vz;zpf;if jaf;fkhfnth my;yJ fhy';fle;njh,uz;oy; ve;j Kiwapy; eilbgw;whYk;. TLjyhd miybaGr;rpf;F xU tpida{f;fpahf thf;F vz;zpf;if vf;fhuzj;jpdhYk; mike;Jtplf;TlhJ/ bghJ Rfhjhuk; vd;gJ jdpkdpjdpd; kjpg;g[ Kf;fpaj;JtkhFk;. vdnt nkw;Twg;gl;lJ Fwpj;J murikg;g[ mjpfhhpfSf;F epidt[gLj;jntz;Lbkd;gJ ntjid mspf;fpwJ/ Fokf;fs; caph;thGk;nghJ kl;Lnk mth;fSf;F kf;fshl;rp FoauR cj;juthjkspj;j gpw chpikfis mth;fs; Ja;j;J kfpHKoa[k;/ ghJfhg;g[ld; caph; thH;tJ xd;nw,g;nghija NH;epiyahFk; vdnt kw;witbay;yhk; mjd;gpd; tUtjhFk;/ 6/ fU:h; rl;lkd;wj; bjhFjpiag; bghWj;jtiuapy;.,uz;L Tlhu';fs; mjhtJ. 3.500 rJu mo gug;gst[ bfhz;l xd;Wk;. 4000 rJu mo gug;gst[ bfhz;l kw;bwhd;Wk; Vw;ghL bra;ag;gl;Ls;sjhf njh;jy; Mizaj;jpd; rhh;gpy; bjhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ ntl;ghsh;fshd 77 egh;fspy; bgUk;ghyhdth;fs; thf;F vz;zpf;ifapd; rkaj;jpy; Kfth;fis <LgLj;Jk;bghUl;L Fwpg;gplg;gl;l,lg;gug;g[fs; nghJkhdjh vd;w ePjpkd;wj;jpd; tpdt[jYf;F. jdpg;gl;l ntl;ghsh;fs;,uz;Lngh; thf;F vz;zpf;ifapd; neuj;jpy; mth;fs; Kfth;fis <LgLj;jg;? nghtjpy;iy vd;W bjhptpj;jdh; vd;Wk;. bghpa murpay; fl;rpfs; xd;gjpypUe;J VG kl;Lnk Kfth;fis <LgLj;jf;TLbkd;W mth;fs; vGj;Jg;g{h;tkhf cWjpbra;Js;sjhf njh;jy; Mizak; nfhhpa[s;sJ/ 7/ mj;jifa NH;epiyapy;.,uz;L njh;t[bra;ag;gl;l Tlhu';fspy; thf;F vz;zpf;if eilbgWk;bghUl;L nfhtpl; elj;ij tpjpfs; kw;Wk; chpa eltof;iffs; vLj;jpl,ayhJ vd;W njh;jy; Mizak; vjph;ghh;f;f KoahJ/ MW TLjy; thf;F vz;zpf;if FGkj;ij Vw;ghL bra;jjd; fhuzkhf,ilbtsp epak';fis filg;gpof;f,aYk; vd;W njh;jy; Mizak; bjhptpf;fpwJ/ 8/ xt;bthU thf;F vz;zpf;if ika';fspYk; mnjnghd;W chpa eltof;iffisg; gpd;gw;wplntz;Lbkd;Wk;. nkYk;. Kiwahd Rfhjhuk;. chpa eytpay; NH;epiyfs;. Kff; ftrk; mzptij,d;wpaikahjjhf;Fjy; kw;Wk;,ilbtsp epak';fSf;F fPH;g;gojy; nghd;witia filg;gpoj;jhy; kl;Lnk thf;F vz;zpf;ifiaj; bjhl';ft[k; my;yJ bjhlh;e;jplt[k; ntz;Lk;. chpa eltof;iffis cldoahf epiwntw;wpl njh;jy; Mizak; kw;Wk; jiyik njh;jy; mYtyh; Mfpnahh; khepy Rfhjhu brayhsh; kw;Wk; bghJey,af;Feiu fye;J Mnyhrpf;f ntz;Lk;/ 9/ midj;J thf;F vz;zpf;if ika';fspYk; nghJkhd eltof;if vLg;gjw;fhd xU KGepiwthd bjhFg;ig njh;jy; Mizak; tH';fpLk;nghJ,r;N:H;epiyia kW rPuha;t[ bra;tjw;F,t;tplak; Vg;uy; 30. 2021 md;W gl;oayplg;gLk;/ [...]@ 7/ nfl;g[ eltof;ifapd;nghJ. njh;jy; MizakhdJ @nfhtpl;?19,uz;lhk; miy Vw;gLtjw;F jdpg;gl;lKiwapy; gjpy; brhy;y flikg;gl;lJ@ vd;Wk;. nkYk; njh;jy; MizakhdJ @bfhiy Fw;wr;rhl;LfSf;F Ml;glntz;Lk;@ vd;W cah; ePjpkd;wk; tha;bkhHpahf fUj;Jiuj;jjhf rhl;Liuf;fg;gLfpwJ/,t;tifahd Tw;Wfs;. cah; ePjpkd;w cj;jutpd; xU gFjpahf,y;yhjnghJk;. bra;jpj;jhs;. kpd;dQq kw;Wk; bjhiyf;fhl;rp Clf';fspy; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ/ 8/ jpU/ Rjpg; b$apd;. Jiz njh;jy; Mizahsh; kw;Wk;,ju mtyh;fSf;F vjpuhf bfhy;fj;jh. fh;jh fhty; epiyaj;jpd;,/j/r/. gphpt[fs; 269. 270 kw;Wk; 304 c-, gphpt[ 120?gp?,d; fPH; xU jdp egh; g[fhh; xd;iw 27 Vg;uy; 2021 md;W jhf;fy; bra;jhh;/ brd;id cah; ePjpkd;wk; 2021 Vg;uy; 26 njjpaplg;gl;l Mizia,e;jg; g[fhhpy; Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy/ 9/ bgUk;gug;g[j; bjhw;Wnehapd; fhuzkhf thf;Fg;gjpt[ bray;Kiwfis epUtfpg;gjw;fhf nkw;bfhz;l eltof;iffisa[k;. tH';fg;gl;l cj;juita[k; tpthpj;J brd;id cah; ePjpkd;wk; Kd;g[ njh;jy; Mizak; vjpUiu?cWjpbkhHpia jhf;fy; bra;jJ/ nkYk;. nj/M/ gy;tif kDita[k;9 gpd;tUk; ghpfhuj;jpw;fhf jhf;fy; bra;jJ: @ [...] 29/ ///,e;j khz;gik ePjpkd;wk; eP/ng/k/ vz; 10441-2021?,d; jw;nghija eltof;iffspd; gjpt[Uf;fspy; gFjpahf miktij kl;Lk; gj;jphpf;if kw;Wk; kpd;dD Clfj;jpy; mwptpf;fntz;Lk; vd;Wk; Clf epWtd';fSf;F mtrpakhd bjspt[iufis tH';Ftjw;fhd Fwpg;gpl;l fl;lisfis,J bjhlh;ghf tH';fpl xU,ilf;fhy Vt[iuf;fhd cj;juit gpwg;gpj;Jk; ePjp ghpghypj;J jpUg;jpailayhk;/ 30/,e;j NHikt[fspy;. eP/ng/k/ vz; 10441-2021 bjhlh;ghf,e;j khz;gik ePjpkd;wj;ij rhl;lj;jf;f tha;bkhHp fUj;Jiufspd; Clf /////////////////////////// 9/ eP/ng/g/k/ vz; 12062 & 12065-2020 mwptpg;g[fspd; mog;gilapy; bfhiyf; Fw;wj;jpw;fhd K/j/m/-g[fhh; vJt[k; fhty;Jiw mjpfhhpfs; gjpt[bra;af;TlhJ vd;w Vt[iuia,ilf;fhy fl;lisf;fhd cj;juthf gpwg;gpj;J,e;j khz;gik ePjpkd;wk; jpUg;jpailantz;Lk; vd ntz;Liuf;fpnwhk;/@ (typa[Wj;jg;gl;lJ) 10/ fU:h; rl;lkd;wj; bjhFjp 135?,y; Fwpg;ghf. 2 nk 2021 md;W thf;Ffs; vz;zpf;ifapd;nghJ nfhtpl;?19 elj;ij tpjpfisf; filg;gpog;gjw;fhf njh;jy; Mizaj;jhy; vLf;fg;gl;l eltof;iffspd;? bghUl;L.,e;j kDit cah; ePjpkd;wk; jPh;t[ bra;a[k;nghJ. 30 Vg;uy; 2021 md;W brd;id cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; kPz;Lk;,t;tplak; nfl;lwpag;gl;lJ/,e;j Mizapd; epkpj;jkhf,e;j gy;tif kDt[';Tl Koj;Jitf;fg;gl;lJ/ 11/ 30 Vg;uy; 2021 Mizahy; kdf;Fiwa[w;W,e;ePjpkd;wj;ij njh;jy; Mizak; ehoa[s;sJ/ kdf;FiwahdJ vd;dbtd;why; mjDil gy;tif kD ew;TWfspd;kPJ kjpg;gplg;gltpy;iy vd;Wk;. nkYk;. Ke;ija nfl;g[ eltof;ifapd;nghJ bra;ag;gl;l tha;bkhHp fUj;Jiufis ngU:iuf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gJ bjhlh;ghdjhFk;/ M) cr;r ePjpkd;wk; Kd;ghd eltof;iffs; 12/,e;ePjpkd;wk; Kd;g[. 30 Vg;uy; 2021 njjpaplg;gl;l Mizia njh;jy; Mizak; vjph;j;Jiuj;jJ/ Ke;ija Mizia vjph;j;Jiug;gjw;bfd;W jpUj;jk; bra;tjw;fhf jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l tHf;fpil tpz;zg;gk; xd;W jw;nghJ,Wjp Miza[ld;,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/,ilf;fhy epthuzj;jpd; thapyhf. 30 Vg;uy; 2021 njjpaplg;gl;l Mizapd;nghpy; epWj;jk; bra;a nfhug;gl;lJ/ nkYk;,ilf;fhy fl;lisahf gpd;tUk; ghpfhuk; nfhug;gl;Ls;sJ: @M) bfhy;fj;jh. fh;jh fhty; epiya bghWg;g[ mjpfhhp Kd;ghf _kjp ee;jpjh rpd;cwhthy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l 27/4/2021 njjpaplg;gl;l g[fhh; bjhlh;ghf,e;jpa njh;jy; Mizaj;jpd; CHpah;fSf;F vjpuhf tYf;fl;lhakhd eltof;if vLf;ff;TlhJ vd;W fl;lisaplg;gLfpwJ/ (,izg;g[?gp-19,';Fs;sJ)@ (typa[Wj;jg;gl;lJ) 13/ njh;jy; Mizaj;jpd; rhh;ghf. jpU/ mkpj; c&h;kh cld; M$uhd fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/,uhnfc&; jpntjp gpd;tUk; thjply;fis typa[Wj;jpdhh;:
(i) njh;jy; Mizak; @nfhtpl;?19,uz;lhk; miy Vw;gLtjw;F jdpg;gl;lKiwapy; gjpy; brhy;y flikg;gl;lJ@ vd;Wk;. nkYk;. njh;jy; Mizak; @bfhiyf; Fw;wr;rhl;LfSf;F Ml;glntz;Lk;@ vd;W kjpg;g[ Fiwthd fUj;Jiufis tha;bkhHpahf cah; ePjpkd;wk; bra;jpUf;f ntz;oajpy;iy: m) fU:h; rl;lkd;wj; bjhFjp 135?,y; nfhtpl;?19 bewpKiwfSld; xt;t[jyhf ghJfhg;g[ld; thf;Ffis vz;Qqtjw;F njitahd Vw;ghLfisr; bra;tJ bjhlh;ghf,g;gog;gl;l fUj;Jiufs; cah; ePjpkd;wk; Kd;ghd tptfhuj;jpd; jd;ika[ld; ve;jj; bjhlh;g[ilika[k; bfhz;oUf;ftpy;iy; M) thf;Fg;gjpt[ Vw;bfdnt KGikahf eilbgw;Wtpl;lJ/ nkYk;. thf;Ffspd; vz;zpf;if kl;Lnk 2 nk 2021 md;W v";rpa[s;sJ;,) nfhtpl;?19 bewpKiwfis gpd;gw;Wtjw;fhf vLf;fg;gl;l eltof;iffis tpthpg;gjw;fhf njh;jy; Mizaj;jpw;F xU tha;g;gpid tH';fhky;,k;khjphpahd fUj;Jiufs; bra;ag;gl;oUf;fpwJ/ nkYk;. tha;jhtpd;nghJ mjDila njh;jy; elj;Jk; Kiwfs; ftdj;jpy; <h;f;fg;gLk; vd;W mwpe;jpltpy;iy; <) mj;jhl;rp kw;Wk; Mjhuk;,y;yhky; tha;bkhHpahf kjpg;g[ Fiwthd fUj;Jiufis cah; ePjpkd;wk; bra;jpUf;fpwJ; c) njh;jy; Mizaj;jhy; jhf;fy; bra;ag;gl;l gy;tif kDitf; Fwpg;gplhky; ePjpg;nguhiz kDit cah; ePjpkd;wk; jPh;t[ bra;jJ;
(ii) cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; bra;ag;gl;l fUj;Jiufs; Clf';fspy; gutyhf btspaplg;gl;ljhy;. xU jdpg;gl;l murikg;g[ mjpfhhpahd njh;jy; Mizaj;jpd; njhw;wj;jpy; fiwgoe;Jtpl;lJ/,e;jf; Fwpg;g[iufs; njh;jy; Mizaj;jpd;kPJ kf;fs; itj;Js;s ek;gpf;ifiaf; Fiwj;Jtpl;lJ vd;Wk; mjDila murikg;g[ mjphuj;jpd; g[dpjg; gz;g[f;F kiwnfL bra;Js;sJ;
(iii) njh;jy; elj;Jk; Kiwfs; bjhlh;ghd tpla';fspy; njh;jy;
Mizaj;jpd;nky; ePjpkd;w kPs;ghh;itapd; msht[if tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ vdnt. kw;bwhU ifnjh;e;j murikg;g[ mjpfhhpapd; braw;fsj;jpw;Fs; te;jilfpd;w njh;jy; bray;Kiwfs; my;yJ njh;jy; Mizak; gw;wp Fwpg;g[iufs; bra;a[';fhy; fl;Lg;ghLfis ePjpkd;w';fs; braYWj;jntz;Lk;; (iv),e;jj; njh;jy; Mizak; fLikahd neha;j; bjhw;wpd;nghJ gy;ntW khepy';fspy; njh;jy;fis elj;jpa[s;sJ/ nkYk;. nfhtpl;?19 bjhlh;ghd bewpKiwfis mky;gLj;Jtjw;fhd nghJkhd eltof;iffis nkw;bfhz;lJ/ mog;gilahd ghJfhg;g[ eltof;iffs; kw;Wk; bewpKiwfis cs;sgoahf mky;gLj;JtJ vd;gJ khepy,ae;jpu mikg;gpd; iffspy; cs;sJ/ njh;jy; rkaj;jpd;nghJTl khepy';fspd; MSifia njh;jy; Mizak; vLj;Jf;bfhs;stpy;iy/ nkYk;. mjd; bghWg;g[j; jPh;tpy; cs;s gzpahsh;fspd; vz;zpf;if FiwthdjhFk;;
(v) jkpH;ehl;oy; njh;jy;fs; elj;jntz;Lbkd;w Kotpid gpg;uthp
2021?,y; vLj;jnghJk;. gpur;rhuj;jpd;nghJk; (Vg;uy; 4. 2021 md;W Kot[w;wJ) nfhtpl;?19 tHf;Ffspd; vz;zpf;if fl;Lg;ghl;oy;,Ue;jJ/ vdnt njh;jyhdJ tHf;Ffspd; miybaGr;rpf;fhd Fwpg;gplj;jf;f fhuzf;TW my;y vd;W tptuf;Fwpg;gpd; xU gFg;gha;t[ Rl;of;fhl;LfpwJ/ kfhuhc&;ouh. jpy;yp kw;Wk; fh;ehlfh nghd;w khepy';fspy; njh;jy;fs; eilbgwhjnghJk; tHf;Ffspy; flikahd miybaGr;rpiar; re;jpj;jJ;
(vi) njh;jy; Mizak; fLikahd neha;j;bjhw;wpd;nghJ gpur;rhuj;jpw;fhd nghjpa tHpfhl;Ljy;fis tide;jJ. nkYk; murpay; njh;jy;fspd; <Lghl;od; msht[ifia fl;Lg;gLj;jpaJ;
(vii) tha;bkhHp nfl;g[ eltof;iffspd;nghJ. vGj;Jg;g{h;tkhd ePjpj;Jiw gjpt[Uf;fspd; gFjpahf my;yhj cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fUj;Jiufs; njh;jy; Mizaj;jpw;F kl;Lkp";rpa ghjfj;ij Vw;gLj;jpa[s;sJ;
(viii) ePjpkd;w eltof;iffis tGthky; mwptpg;gij Clf';fs; cWjpbra;antz;Lk;. nkYk;. eltof;iffs; kf;fspd; ek;gpf;ifia,Hg;gjw;F tHpnfhYfpd;w kdbtGr;rpiaj; J}z;LtJnghy,Uf;ff;TlhJ/ ePjpkd;w eltof;iffis mwptpf;fpd;w Kiwapy; Vt[iufs; kw;Wk; tHpfhl;Ljy;fs; tidag;glntz;Lk;; ix) ePjpkd;w tprhuizfs; elj;JtjpYk; kw;Wk; Clf';fspd; Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fk;,ilapy; xU rkepiyiag; guhkhpf;fntz;Lk;/ xU egh; my;yJ mYtyhpd;kPJ xU ePjpkd;wk; xJf;fpj; js;sg;gl;l mtJ}Wfisf; bfhz;Ls;sJ vd;w Clf mwptpg;g[ jtwhdjhFk;; x) xU ePjpkd;wj;jpd; fUj;Jfs; mjd; jPh;g;g[iufspd; tHpahfj; bjhptpj;jpUe;jnghjpYk;. ePjpgjpfspd; tha;bkhHpahd Fwpg;g[iufis Kf;fpakhd Clf';fspy; nkw;nfhshff; fhl;LtJ xU mikg;ghf tFf;fg;gl;l ek;gpf;if Fwpj;j vz;zg; gjpit tH';fptpLk;/,J ePjprhh;e;j eilKiw tuk;gpd; vy;iyfis kp";RtjhFk;/ 14/,e;j thjply;fis vjph;j;J. Kd;bdr;rhpf;if vjph;thjpapd; rhh;ghf M$uhd jpU/ gpujPg; fkhh; ahjt;. njh;jy; rkaj;jpd;nghJ khepy';fspy; njh;jy; Mizak; bghJf;fl;lisfs; gpd;gw;wg;gLfpwjh vd;gij cWjpbra;J. Jizg;gilia tphpt[Wj;JtJ. khtl;l Ml;rpah;fs;. fhty;Jiw mjpfhhpfs;. fhty;Jiw jiyik,af;Feiua[';Tl gzpapil ePf;fk; bra;at[k; my;yJ khw;wpaikg;gjw;fhd mjpfhuk; cs;sl';fyhf. kpFjpahd mjpfhu';fis njh;jy; Mizak; Ja;j;J kfpH;fpwJ vd;Dk; r';fjpia typa[Wj;jpdhh;/ vdnt. njh;jy;fspd;nghJ nfhtpl;?19 bjhlh;ghd bewpKiwfs; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;ghd eltof;iffis epiwntw;WtJ njh;jy; Mizaj;jpd; bghWg;ghFk;/ 15/,t;tHf;fpy; vGg;gg;gl;l bjhiynehf;F gpur;rpidfspypUe;J tHf;Fiu"hpd; thjply;fis ehk;,g;nghJ Muha;e;J ghh;f;fyhk;/,) rl;lepiy kw;Wk; njh;e;jhuha;jy; 16/,e;ePjpkd;wk; Kd;g[. nfl;g[ eltof;iffspd;nghJ cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; tha;bkhHpahd Fwpg;g[iufshYk;. nkYk; mjDila gy;tif kDtpd; jFjpg;ghLfis vLj;Jiuf;fhky; nghdJk; njh;jy; Mizaj;jpd; kdf;FiwahFk;/ mjDila gy;tif kDtpy;. 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xG';FKiwfs; bghJkf;fspd; Kd;dpiyapy; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; nkny jhkhfnt tpjpj;Jf;bfhs;Sk; rpwe;j gz;ghFk;/ bghJkf;fspy; mf;fiwa[s;s egh;fis KGikahf ePjpkd;wk; bfhz;oUf;Fk;nghJ /// vy;nyhUk; mth;fs; vd;d bra;fpwhh;fs; vd;gJ Fwpj;J kpft[k; vr;rhpf;ifaha;,Uf;fpd;wdh; vd;Wk;. xt;bthUtUk; rw;nw fLikahf Kaw;rpf;fpd;wdh;. vdnt bghJkf;fs; my;yJ Clf';fspd; Kf;fpakhd cWg;gpdh;fs; m';F Kd;dpiyahftpy;iybadpy;. ePjpkd;w';fspy; m';F xG';FKiwfspd; gyhgyd; Kw;wpYkhf Fiwglf;TLk;/ jdp miw ////////////////////////////////// 11/ (1974) 3 lgps;a{/vy;/Mh;/ 801 tprhuizf;fhd cj;juit xUth; bfhz;oUf;Fk;nghJ. bghJkf;fs; kw;Wk; Clf';fs; midtUk; jl;of;bfhz;L nghFk; jpOh; xw;iwr; brayhy; btspnaw;wg;gLth;. nkYk; bghJkf;fspDila nkw;ghh;it KGtJkhf,y;yhkw;ngha;tpLk;/@ 21/,e;jr; bray;Kiwapd; ek;gpf;if bghJkf;fspd; Ma;tpw;F Jizbra;fpwJ/ bghJthd tpthj';fs; kw;Wk; jpwdha;t[fs; ePjpgjpapd; eltof;ifiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;JtJnghd;W bray;gLk;/ enuc&; _jh; kpuh$;fh; ?vjph;? kfhuhc&;ou khepy muR12 vd;w tHf;fpy; jdJ khWgl;l fUj;Jiuapy;. ePjpaurh; 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