618faab91c9002f7d7b6a0beae385c04adfb37c11c25f500e131a33df2fc311b

(1) brd;id. ikyhg;g{h;. kPh;rhngl;il. bt';flhr;ry Kjyp bjU. vz; 144?,y; trpf;Fk; rp';fhu brl;oahhpd; kfdhd rp/ br';fHdp brl;oahUf;Fk; (2) br';fHdp brl;oahh; fhg;ghsuhf,Uf;Fk; mtuJ 2 taJila,sth; kfdhd tpehafK:h;j;jpf;Fk; Mjuthf epiwntw;wg;gl;lJ/ mJ gpd;tUkhW: ehd; Kjy; kidtpapd; kfdhntd;/ ehd; j';fSld;,Uf;fKoahjjhy;. U:/10.000-? kjpg;g[ila j';f eif kw;Wk; U:/5.000-? kjpg;g[ila bghUl;fspd; milkhdj;ij chpik khw;wk; K:yk; bgw;Wf;bfhz;nld;/,e;j ehsd;W.,e;j Mtzj;jpd; K:yk; fPH;f;fhQqk; ml;ltizapy; kpff; Fwpg;ghf tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;sgo. kzkjp fpuhkj;jpy; mike;Js;s ekf;F brhe;jkhd tPl;Lkidfs; bjhlh;ghf vdJ g';fpid tpLtpf;fpd;nwd;/ nkw;go tPl;Lkidapd; kPjhd milkhdj; bjhifahdJ U:/10.500-?k; j';fshy; jPh;t[ bra;ag;gLk;/,jw;Fgpd;dh;. ekf;fpilna,uj;j cwitj; jtpu ntbwhd;Wkpy;iy/,e;jtifapy;. ehd; tpLjiy Mtzj;ij epiwntw;wpndd;/ 3/ tpjptrj;jhy;. 9/12/1978 md;W jpU/ re;jpud;,we;Jtpl;lhh;/ 19/1/1988 md;W br';fHdp brl;oahh;,we;Jtpl;lhh;/ br';fHdp brl;oahhpd;,uz;lhk; kidtpahd jpUkjp/ Fg;gk;khs; 25/8/2005 md;W,we;Jtpl;lhh;/ Vw;bfdnt Fwpg;gpl;lijg;nghd;W br';fHdp brl;oahhpd;,uz;lhk; jpUkzj;jpy; gpwe;Js;s FHe;ijfshd ckh utpre;jpud; kw;Wk; tpdhafK:h;j;jp Mfpnahh; K/t/ vz; 8173-2006?I jhf;fy; bra;jdh;/ 1 Kjy; 3 tiuapyhd gpujpthjpfs; br';fHdp brl;oahhpd;,uz;lhk; jpUkzj;jpypUe;J gpwe;j kw;w kfs;fshth;/ mijj;bjhlh;e;J. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; 4 kw;Wk; 5?Mk; gpujpthjpfshf nrh;f;fg;gl;ldh;/ mt;thnw 6?Mk; gpujpthjpa[k; nrh;f;fg;gl;lhh;. mtnu br';fHdp brl;oahhpd;,uz;lhtJ jpUkzj;jpy; gpwe;j kuzKw;w kfspd; kfdhthh;/ 4/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fis tpyf;Ff;nfhUk; thjpfspd; tHf;fhdJ. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; je;ijahy; epiwntw;wg;gl;Ls;s tpLjiy Mtzj;jpd; mog;gilapyhdJ/ MapDk;. tpLjiy MtzkhdJ. re;jpudpd; je;ijahd br';fHdp brl;oahh; capUldpUf;ifapy;. 1975?Mk; Mz;L epiwntw;wg; gl;Ls;sJ vd;w fhuzj;jpd;nghpy; gpur;rpidf;Fhpa tpLjiy Mtzk;,y;yhepiyaJ vd;W tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jhy; fz;lwpag;gl;lJ/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs;. j';fsJ jhj;jhthd br';fHdp brl;oahhpd; brhj;ij kug[hpik K:yk; bgWtjw;F tpLjiy Mtzk; xU jilahf,Uf;fhJ vd;W fz;lwpag;gl;lJ/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; 2 -7 g';if kl;Lnk bgWtjw;Fhpath;fs; vdf; fz;lwpag;gl;lJ/ mjd;go. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F 2 -7 g';Ff;fhd jPh;g;ghiz tH';fg;gl;lJ/ *M* ml;ltiz brhj;ijg; bghWj;jtiuapy;.,t;t[hpik tHf;F js;Sgo bra;ag;glntz;oajhapw;W/ thjpfs;. nk/t/ vz; 883-2009?I jhf;fy; bra;jdh;/ 1. 3 kw;Wk; 6?Mk; gpujpthjpfs; nk/t/ vz; 718-2009?,y; nky;KiwaPL xd;iwj; jhf;fy; bra;jdh;/ vjph;g;g[f;Fs;shd cj;jut[ K:yk; cah; ePjpkd;wk;,k;nky;KiwaPLfis mDkjpj;J. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs;. kuzKw;w br';fHdp brl;oahhpd; brhj;jpy; g';F vjida[k; nfhUtjw;F chpika[ilath;fs; my;yh; vd;W fz;lwpe;jJ/ tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;ghizia neh;khwhf;Ftjw;fhd mog;gil thjf;Tw;W. Fyhk; mgh!; ?vjph;? cwh$p fahk; myp kw;Wk; gyh;. V/I/Mh;/ 1973 v!;/rp/ 554 vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; tFj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;s jPh;g;g[iuapy; tH';fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ RUf;fkhff;Twpd;. jpU/ re;jpud; jdJ je;ijaplk; kWgaidg; bgw;Wf;bfhz;L tpLjiy Mtzj;ij epiwntw;wpdhh; vd;w Tw;iwg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. m?ml;ltiz brhj;jpy; g';fpidf; nfhUtjw;F nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F Kuz;jil Vw;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gjhFk;/ nkYk;.,uz;lhtJ thjpapd; kuzj;ij mwpe;j ePjpkd;wk;. 1?Mk; thjp kw;Wk; mtUld; gpwe;jth;fshd 1 Kjy; 3 tiuapyhd gpujpthjpfs; kl;Lnk 2?Mk; thjpapd; g';if kug[hpikahfg; bgWtjw;Fhpath;fs; vd;W fz;lwpe;jJ/ mjhtJ. thjpfs;. gpujpthjpfs; gp/1 Kjy; gp/3 kw;Wk; gp/6 Mfpnahh; m?ml;ltiz brhj;jpy; 1 -6 g';ifg; bgWtjw;Fhpath;fs; vd;Wk;. 2?Mk; thjpapd; kuzj;ij fUj;jpw;bfhz;L ghh;f;ifapy;. 1?Mk; thjpa[k;. 1 Kjy; 3 tiuapyhd gpujpthjpfSk; 5 -24 g';fpida[k;. 6?Mk; gpujpthjp 4 -24 g';fpida[k; bgWtjw;Fhpath;fs; vd;W fz;lwpag;gl;lJ/ m?ml;ltiz brhj;jpy; 4 kw;Wk; 5?Mk; gpujpthjpfspd; g';F kWf;fg;gl;ljd;nghpnyna mth;fs;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd Kd;g[s;sdh;/ 5/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ rpj;jhh;j; ma;ah;. 1?Mk; thjpf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ ckhc&';fh; kw;Wk; 2 kw;Wk; 6?Mk; gpujpthjpfSf;fhd fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ b$ae;j; Kj; uh$; Mfpnahhpd; thj';fisf; nfl;nlhk;/ 6/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ rpj;jhh;j; ma;ah;. (nkw;go) Fyhk; mg;gh!; vd;w tHf;fpd; Mjuit ehoajpy; cah; ePjpkd;wk; gpiHg[hpe;Js;sJ vd;W thJiuj;jhh;/ mt;tHf;fhdJ Kfkjpa rl;lj;jpd; fPH; vGe;Js;sJ vd;Wk;. 1956?Mk; Mz;L.,e;J thhpRhpikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 8?,d; fPH; Kjy; tFg;g[ thhpRjhuh;fshd nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; g';if,Hf;fr;bra;a mj;jPh;g;g[iuapy; tFj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;s nfhl;ghl;oid gad;gLj;jKoahJ vd;Wk; mth; Rl;of;fhl;odhh;/ nkYk; mth; Fwpg;gpLifapy;. 1975?Mk; Mz;L tpLjiy Mtzk; epiwntw;wg;gl;lntisapy;. Kjy; nky;KiwaPl;lhsUf;F K:d;W tanj,Ue;jJ vd;gjhFk;/ nkYk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ ahbjdpy;.,uz;lhk; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh; gpwf;ftpy;iy vd;gjhFk;/ brhj;jhdJ. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; jhj;jhtpd; jdpg;gl;l brhj;jhf,Ue;jhYk;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs;. br';fHdp brl;oahUf;F Kd;g[,we;j kfdpd; kfd;fshf,Ug;gjhYk;. mJ rl;lg;go gphpt[ 8?,d; fPH; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F,uf;fKld; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;s g';fhFk;/ brhj;Jhpik khw;Wr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 6 Fwpg;gPL bra;ag;gl;lJ/ tpLjiy MtzkhdJ. 1975?Mk; Mz;oy; epiwntw;wg;gl;lnghJ. nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; je;ijahd jpU/ re;jpuDf;F vjph;nehf;F,w';Fhpik kl;Lnk,Ue;jJ vd;W mth; Rl;of;fhl;odhh;/ vjph;fhyj;jpy; kug[hpikahfg; bgWk; vjph;ghh;g;g[ kl;Lnk rl;lg;goahd chpik khw;wj;jpd; fUg;bghUshf mikahJ/ vdnt. tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk; tpLjiy Mtzj;ij Kw;wpYk; bry;yhjJ vdg; g[wf;fzpj;jJ Kw;wpYk; rhpna/ ntWtifapy; Twpdhy; br';fHdp brl;oahhpd; brhj;jpd; kug[hpik 1988?Mk; Mz;L bjhl';fpanghJ. gpur;rpidf;Fhpa brhj;J br';fHdp brl;oahhpd; bgahpy;,Ue;jJ. gphpt[ 8?,d; tiuaiwfspd;go. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; rl;lg;goahd g';fpid kug[hpikahfg; bgWk; chpikia tpLjiy Mtzj;jpd; mog;gilapy; nfs;tpf;Fs;shf;fKoahJ/ 1956?Mk; Mz;L,e;J,sth;epiy kw;Wk; fhg;ghz;ikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 8?,d; fl;lisia cah; ePjpkd;wk; ftdpf;fj; jtwpaJ vd;W mth; nkYk; Fwpg;gpl;lhh;/ xUntis nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; je;ijahd jpU/ re;jpud; mtuJ je;ija[ld; xg;ge;jk; bra;jpUg;gjhf fUjg;glyhk; vd;W thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ vdpDk;. gphpt[ 8?I fUj;jpw;bfhz;L ghh;f;ifapy;. xg;ge;jkhdJ. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjhf bray;glhJ/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; jhj;jh capiy epiwntw;WtjpypUe;njh. kw;wtifapy; brhj;ij ifahStjpypUe;njh mtiu vJt[k; jLf;fKoahJ vd;W mth; nkYk; gzpe;Jiuj;jhh;/ jpU/ re;jpud; capy; vGjhky;,we;jjd; tpisit mwpe;jpUe;Jk;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; brhj;ij kug[hpikahfg; bgWtijj; jLf;Fk;bghUl;L mth; rl;lg;goahd ghJfhg;g[ vjida[k; bra;atpy;iy/ mth;fsJ je;ijahd jpU/ re;jpud; kw;Wk; jhj;jh Kiwna 1978 kw;Wk; 1988 Mfpa Mz;Lfspy;,we;j njjpfspd; mog;gilapy;. brhj;Jhpik khw;Wr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 43?,d; bghUspd;go Kuz;jila{l;L nfhl;ghl;oidg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd tha;g;gpy;iy vd;W thJiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ 7/ fw;wwpe;j K:j;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ b$ae;j; Kj; uh$; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F Mjuthf Kd;dpiyahdhh;/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F Mjuthf bray;gl;lJ vd;gJ gpd;dh; Vw;gl;l khw;wk; vd;W mth; xg;g[f;bfhz;lhh;/ mjhtJ. Kjypy; jpU/ b$ae;j; Kj; uh$pd; jug;gpdh;fshf,Ue;j br';fHdp brl;oahhpd; kfs;fspy; xUtUk;. 6?Mk; gpujpthjpa[khd (br';fHdp brl;oahUf;F Kd;djhf,we;j mtuJ kfspd; kfd;) jpU/ ghg[t[k; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; chpikf; nfhhpf;ifia vjph;j;jdh;/ vdpDk;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; g';ifg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. jpU/ b$ae;j; Kj; uh$; mth;fspd; jug;gpdh;fSf;F Mjuthf gpd;dpl;l chpik khw;wk; bra;ag;gl;Ls;sjhf bjhpfpwJ/,J bjspthfnt mtuJ jug;gpdh;fspd; epiyg;ghl;il jiyfPHhf;fpa jtph;f;fKoahj khw;wj;ij tpsf;Ffpd;wJ/ cah; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; rhh;t[wg;gl;l (nkw;go) Fyhk; mg;gh!;; vd;w tHf;fpy;,e;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;g[iukPJ cah; ePjpkd;wk; rhh;e;Jepd;wJ; mjd; bghUz;ikfspd; mog;gilapy; Kuz;jil nfhl;ghL gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;W jpU/ b$ae;j; Kj; uh$; thJiuj;jhh;/ MapDk;.,t;tHf;fpd; bghUz;ikfs; Kuz;jil nfhl;ghl;il cWjpbra;atpy;iy/ Fyhk; mg;gh!; vd;w tHf;fpy; Tl;L thhpRjhuh;fs; jLf;fg;gl;ldh; vd;W jPh;khdpf;f mth;fspd; elj;ij,e;ePjpkd;wj;jhy; ghprPyidf;F vLf;fg;gl;lJ vd;W mth; thjpl;lhh;/ khwhf.,t;tHf;fpy; cWjpahd Kuz;ghL cs;sjhf mth; thJiuj;jhh;/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;F ve;j elj;ija[k; Fwpg;gpl;Lf; Twg;gltpy;iy/ (nkw;go) Fyhk; mg;gh!; vd;w tHf;fpYs;s epiyg;ghl;oidg;nghd;W. 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456. (1889)?,y; gpd;gw;wg;gl;lJ/,jw;F khwhdJk; cz;ikahFk;/ vjph;nehf;F thhprhy;. jdJ K:jhijahpd; Ma[l;fhyj;jpy; bra;a[k; chpikj;Jwg;g[ bry;yhJ my;yJ kug[hpikahf mile;j gpwF mJ mtUf;F fl;lhakhf mspf;fj;jf;fjhFk;/@,J rl;lg;go xU rhpahd Tw;whFk;. Vbddpy; btWk; kug[hpikahfg; bgWtij vjph;nehf;fp chpikiaj; Jwg;gjhy;. vjph;fhyj;jpy; vjph;nehf;F thhprpd; elj;ijiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;j,ayhJ/ Mdhy; vjph;nehf;F thhpR kWgaidg; bgw;W. nkw;bfhz;L jhnd. chpikahsh; jdJ brhj;ij capnuhoUg;gth;fSf;F cilkhw;wk; bra;ahkypUg;gjw;F mtiu jtwhf tHpelj;Jk;goahf ele;Jbfhs;thbudpy;. kWg;g[f;fplkpd;wp mtuJ chpik mthplj;jpy; milt[WfpwnghJ. mjid epiyepWj;JtjpypUe;J jLj;Jtpl,aYk;/ mjhtJ Kuz;jil nfhl;ghL,f;Tw;why; bjhlg;glhky;,Uf;fpwJ/@ (typa[Wj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ) 14/ brhj;J mjhtJ *m* ml;ltiz brhj;J jpU/ re;jpudpd; K:jhijah; brhj;J my;y/ jpU/ re;jpudpd; je;ijahh; capy; vGjhky;,we;jjhy;jhd; mth; mjd;kPjhd chpikfisg; bgw;whh;/ Mjyhy; mth;jhd; cWjpepiy thhpR Mthh;/ cWjpepiy thhprhd xUtuhy; bra;ag;gLk; chpik khw;wk; vjph;nehf;F,w';Fhpikahjyhy;. mJ VnjDk; chpikia khw;wspg;gjw;F jpwdw;wjhFk;/ tpLjiy Mtzk; epiwntw;Wtjdhnyna mjhtJ,t;tHf;fpd; r';fjpfspd;go chpik khw;wk; VJk; epfHtpy;iy/,jw;fhd fhuzk; vd;dbtd;why;. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; je;ijahuhd chpik khw;wk; bra;jth;. khw;w";bra;af;Toa my;yJ chpikj;Jwf;ff;Toa ve;j chpikiaa[k; bgw;wpUf;fntapy;iy vd;gnjahFk;/ vdpDk;. mtuJ chpikiaj; jLf;fKoa[k; vd;gjhf mtuJ elj;ij,Uf;Fbkdpy;. tpLjiy Mtzj;ij epiwntw;WtJ mtuJ chpikiag; ghjpf;ff;TLk;; Mfnt nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fSf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h; jpU/ rpj;jhh;j; ma;ah; mth;fspd; kw;w thj';fspy; ew;TW,Ug;gjhf eh';fs; mwpe;jhyd;wp. nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; nfhhpf;ifapd;kPJ mit ePf;ftpayh Iaj;ij gjpf;ff;TLk;/ 15/ nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; jhj;jh. tpLjiy Mtzj;jpd;nghpy; bray;gl;lhh; vd;gjw;Fk;. mth; tpLjiy Mtzj;jpd; mog;gilapy; Mtzk; VJk; epiwntw;wtpy;iy vd;gjw;Fk; rhd;W VJkpy;iy vd;w nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs; kw;Wk; jpU/ b$ae;j; Kj; uh$; mth;fspd; thjk; v';fspd; ftdj;ij <h;f;ftpy;iy/ jpU/ br';fHdp brl;oahh;,UKiw kzk;g[hpe;Jbfhz;lhh;/ Kjy; kidtp K:yk; nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; je;ij gpwe;jhh;/ mjd;gpwF. mth; kPz;Lk; kzk;g[hpe;Jbfhz;lhh;/,uz;lhtJ jpUkzj;jpw;Fg; gpwF. mj;jpUkz ge;jj;jpypUe;J FHe;ijfs; gpwe;j gpwFjhd; tpLjiy Mtzk; 1975?Mk; Mz;L etk;gh; jp';fs; 12?Mk; ehs; epiwntw;wg;gLk;goahdJ/,uz;lhtJ jpUkzj;jpd; K:yk; gpwe;j xU kfd; jw;brayhf neha;tha;g;gl;ljhfj; bjhpfpwJ; mtuJ rhh;ghf nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fspd; je;ij tpLjiy Mtzj;ij epiwntw;wpdhh;/,uz;lhtJ jpUkzj;jpd; K:yk; gpwe;j kfdpd; chpikiag; ghJfhg;gnj br';fHdp brl;oahhpd; nehf;fkhf,Ue;Jte;jjhfj; bjhpfpwJ/ mth;,uz;lhtJ jpUkzj;jpd; fPH; cUthd mtuJ chpikiag; ghJfhf;f tpUk;gpdhh;; mjw;fhf Kjy; jpUkzk; K:yk; gpwe;j kfdhd nky;KiwaPl;lhshpd; je;ijahUf;F Fwpg;gpl;l bgWkhdKs;s kWgad; bfhLf;fg;gl;lJ;,J. jpU/ re;jpud; gpur;rpidf;Fhpa brhj;J bjhlh;ghd jdJ chpikfs; midj;ija[k; Jwg;gjw;F VJthf,Ue;jJ/,jw;Fg;gpwF mth;fSf;F,uj;j rk;ge;jkhd cwitj; jtpu ntbwe;j bjhlh;g[k;,y;iy/ brhj;J bjhlh;ghd jpU/ re;jpudpd; nfhhpf;if vjida[k; kWg;gnj jpU/ brl;oahhpd; nehf;fkhf,Ue;jJ vd;gijj; bjhptpg;gjhfnt *tpLjiy Mtzj;jpy;* cs;s thrf';fs;,Ue;jjhfj; bjhpfpwJ/ mth;. mtuJ Fwpf;nfhis mile;Jtpl;ljhf bjspt[gl vz;zpdhh;. nkYk;. rl;lg;go (nkw;go) Fyhk; mg;gh!; vd;w tHf;fpd; nfhl;ghL gad;gLj;jg;gl;L. jpU/ re;jud; mtuJ je;ijahUf;F Kd;,wf;ftpy;iybad;why; jug;gpdh;fspd; jpl;lg;gona midj;Jk; epfH;e;jpUf;ff;TLk;/ 16/ jpU/ re;jpud; mtuJ je;ijf;Fg;gpd; capUld;,Ue;J. mtuJ je;ijapd; brhj;J capy; vGjg;glhky; kug[hpikg;go mtiu mile;J tpLjiy Mtzk; epiwntw;wpa me;j elj;ijna rl;lg;goahd chpik khw;wj;jpy; KoahjpUe;jjhf Cfpj;jhy;. kWgaidg; bgw;Wf;bfhz;l jpU/ re;jpudpd; elj;ijia mJ jLj;jpUf;ff;TLk;/ jpU/ brl;oahh; capypd; K:yk; ve;j Mtzj;ija[k; epiwntw;wtpy;iy vd;w r';fjpna. jpU/ re;jpud;. gpur;rpidf;Fhpa brhj;jpypUe;J kug[hpik vDk; fpis btl;lg;gl;oUg;gjhf vLj;Jiuj;jjd; mog;gilapy; mth; eltof;if nkw;bfhz;lhh; vd;gijf; fhl;LfpwJ/ 17/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fshd jpU/ re;jpudpd; gps;isfs; tpLjiy Mtzk; vJt[k; Vd; epiwntw;wtpy;iy vd;gJ Fwpj;J thjpf;fhd fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"iu eh';fs; tpdtpanghJ. br';fHdp brl;oahh; jhd; g[hpe;Jbfhz;l rl;lj;jpd;nghpy; bjs;sj;bjspthf eltof;if nkw;bfhz;lhh; vd thjpl;L fw;wwpe;j tHf;Fiu"h; gjpyspj;jhh;/,e;J,sth;epiy kw;Wk; fhg;ghz;ikr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 8?,d; bray;tpist[: 18/,e;J,sth;epiy kw;Wk; fhg;ghz;ikr; rl;lk;. 1956 (,jpy;,jw;Fg;gpwF *1956?Mk; Mz;L rl;lk; vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;). gphpt[ 8(1). (2) kw;Wk; (3) kw;wtw;Wf;fpilna TWtjhtJ: @8/,ay;g[ fhg;ghshpd; mjpfhu';fs;/? (1) Xh;,e;J,sthpd;,ay;g[ fhg;ghsh;.,e;jg; gphptpd; tifa';fSf;Fl;gl;L.,sthpd; eyDf;F ntz;oa my;yJ,sthpd; chpikr; brhj;jpidf; iftug;bgwt[k;. ghJfhf;ft[k; my;yJ gaDilajhf;ft[k;. njitahd my;yJ jFe;j chpa bray;fisg; g[hptjw;F mjpfhuKilath; Mthh;; Mdhy; fhg;ghsh; ve;neh;tpYk;. xg;ge;jk; thapyhf,stiuj; jdpKiwapy; fl;Lg;gLj;j,ayhJ/ (2),ay;g[ fhg;ghsh;. ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;mDkjpapd;wp.? (m),sthpd; mirahr; brhj;jpd; gFjp vjida[k; milkhdk; itj;jnyh. gw;Wg; bghWg;g[f;Fl;gLj;jnyh. tpw;gid. bfhil. ghpkhw;wk; my;yJ gpwtif chpik khw;wk; bra;jnyh MfhJ; my;yJ

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Ie;jhz;LfSf;F nkw;gLk; xU fhytiuf;F my;yJ,sth; chpik taJ mila[k; njjp fle;J Xuhz;Lf;F nkw;gLk; xU fhytiuf;F Fj;jiff;F tpLjy; MfhJ/ (3) cl;gphpt[ (1) my;yJ cl;gphpt[ (2)?I kPWfpwtifapy;,ay;g[ fhg;ghsh; xUtuhy; mirahr; brhj;J vJt[k; jPh;t[ bra;ag;gLkhapd;. mJ,stnuh mth; K:yk; chpik nfhUk; xUtnuh vLf;Fk; eltof;ifahy; jtph;jF jPh;thFk;/@ 19/ nky;KiwaPl;lhsh;fs;. xg;ge;jk; thapyhf,stiuj; jdpKiwapy; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;w Xh;,e;J,sthpd;,ay;g[ fhg;ghsh; kPjhd jilapd;nghpy; rhh;e;jpUf;fpd;wdh;/ nkw;go jiliaf; fUj;jpw;bfhz;L. (nkw;go) Fyhk; mg;gh!; vd;w tHf;fpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s nfhl;ghL bghUe;jhJ vd thjplg;gl;Ls;sJ/,J xU thJiuna vd;whYk;,J gphpt[ 8?,d; Kiwahd bghUs;tpsf;fj;jpd;nghpy; nghJkhdbjd;W Vw;Wf;bfhs;sg;glhJ vd;nw eh';fs; fUJfpnwhk;/ 20/ xU rpWtid my;yJ xU jpUkzkhfhj bgz;izg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. je;ijahUk;. mtUf;Fg;gpd; jhahUk;. me;j,stUf;Fk; mnjhL';Tl me;j,sthpd; brhj;Jf;Fk;,ay;g[ fhg;ghsh;fshf,Uj;jy; ntz;Lk; vd 1956?Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; gphpt[ 6 kw;wtw;Wf;fpilapy; tpsk;g[fpwJ/ vdpDk;. 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