Full Text
JUDGMENT
NARENDER JAIN & ANR ..... Appellants
THR LRS & ORS ..... Respondents AND
RAVINDER JAIN & ANR ..... Appellants
THR LRS & ORS ..... Respondents AND
SH. BHIKU RAM JAIN, DECEASED
THROUGH LR, MR. VIRENDER KUMAR JAIN ..... Appellant
THROUGH LRS AND OTHERS ..... Respondents Advocates who appeared in this case:
For the Appellants : Mr. Dhruv Mehta, Senior Advocate with
Mr. Rahul Malhotra and Ms. Shruti Gupta, Advs. in FAO(OS) No.22/2020.
RAWAL
Mr. Pradeep Aggarwal, Mr. Sahil Gupta, Mr. Arjun Aggarwal, Ms. Gurleen Kaur and Mr. Vishal Singh, Advs. in FAO(OS) 28/2020.
Mr. Abhishek Aggarwal, Adv. in FAO(OS)
39/2020.
For the Respondent : Mr. Ashish Dolakia, Senior Advocate with
Mr. Sanjay Sharma Darmora and Mr. Yoginder Prashad Uniyal, Advs. for R-1(A).
HON’BLE MR JUSTICE AMIT MAHAJAN
1. These appeals are directed against an order dated 24.12.2019 (hereafter ‘the impugned order’) delivered by the learned Single Judge in CS(OS) No.994/1977. The said suit was instituted for specific performance of an Agreement to Sell dated 22.12.1970 (hereafter ‘the Agreement to Sell’) in respect of property ad-measuring 5373 sq. yds. bearing No.4 Flagstaff Road, Civil Lines, Delhi (hereafter ‘the suit property’). The said suit was decreed by the Supreme Court in terms of a judgment dated 03.12.2012 renderedin Civil Appeal No.8653/2012 and other connected appeals.
2. The Supreme Court directed specific performance of the Agreement to Sell, albeit at a consideration equivalent to market price as prevailing on the date of the said decision, that is, on 03.12.2012. Since there was no material to determine the said sale consideration, the Supreme Court remitted the matter to the Trial Court (learned Single Judge of this Court) to undertake the exercise of determining the market value of the suit property as on 03.12.2012.
3. The learned Single Judge, passed the impugned order determining the market value of the suit property, as on 03.12.2012, at ₹130 crores. However, the learned Single Judge also directed that on failure of the plaintiffs to pay the said price, the defendant will sell the suit property at the said price within the stipulated period. And, if the defendant also fails to sell the suit property for the aforementioned price within the period of sixty days, the plaintiffs would be entitled to purchase the suit property at ₹75 crores.
4. The appellants in these appeals have challenged the impugned order principally on the ground that the same exceeds the scope of remand, which was limited to determining the market value of the suit property as on 03.12.2012. The appellants contend that the impugned order in effect modifies the decree passed by the Supreme Court.
5. It is also the case of the appellants that the value of the suit property was required to be determined on the basis of evidence led by the parties. Whereas, the plaintiffs had led evidence, the defendant had not led any evidence. It is contended on behalf of the appellants that the RAWAL market value of the suit property, as determined by the learned Single Judge, is in disregard of the evidence available on record.
6. The controversy in the present appeal relates to determination of the market value of the suit property as on 03.12.2012.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
7. The appellants in these appeals are sons of Late Sh. Bhiku Ram Jain (since deceased). Late Sh. Bhiku Ram Jain entered into the Agreement to Sell dated 22.12.1970 with Late Sh. Anis Ahmed Rushdie (since deceased) for purchasing the suit property for a total consideration of ₹3.75 lacs. Out of the aforesaid amount, Late Sh. Bhiku Ram Jain had paid a sum of ₹50,000/- as earnest money. The Agreement to Sell was not performed. Accordingly, Late Sh. Bhiku Ram Jain and his two sons [Narender Kumar Jain and Arvind Kumar Jain – appellants in FAO(OS) No.22/2020] filed the suit for specific performance of the Agreement to Sell being CS(OS) No.994/1977. Although, Narender Kumar Jain and Arvind Kumar Jain were not parties to the Agreement to Sell, they were arrayed as plaintiffs no.2 and 3 in the subject suit ostensibly for the reason that in terms of the Agreement to Sell, the suit property was required to be conveyed to Late Sh. Bhiku Ram Jain or his nominees. And, it was averred in the plaint that Sh. Bhiku Ram Jain had nominated Narender Kumar Jain and Arvind Kumar Jain for execution of the sale deed.
8. During the pendency of the said suit, Sh. Anis Ahmed Rushdie expired and his legal heirs were brought on record.
9. The subject suit [CS(OS) No.994/1977] was decreed in favour of the plaintiffs (Late Sh. Bhiku Ram Jain and his two sons Narender Kumar Jain and Arvind Kumar Jain) by a judgment dated 05.10.1983. In terms of the said decree, the plaintiffs had the right to get the sale deed of the suit property executed in either of their names. It was directed that the balance consideration of ₹3.25 lacs would be payable at the time of execution of the sale deed.
10. Aggrieved by the said decision, the defendants filed an appeal [RFA(OS) No.11/1984] which was allowed by the Division Bench of this Court by a judgment dated 31.10.2011. The decree dated 05.10.1983 was set aside and the suit was dismissed.
11. The plaintiffs sought to appeal the decision dated 31.10.2011 of the Division Bench of this Court before the Supreme Court by filing a Special Leave Petition. The Supreme Court granted leave to appeal and allowed the resultant appeal – Civil Appeal (Civil Appeal No.8653/2012) – as well as connected appeals in terms of a common judgment dated 03.12.2012[1]. The Supreme Court referred to the appellants in those appeals as plaintiffs but had clarified that the judgment does not in any manner recognize their rights as successorsin-interest of the original plaintiffs. Reported in (2013) 8 SCC 131:Satya Jain v. Anis Ahmed Rushdie RAWAL
12. As noted above, in terms of the judgment dated 03.12.2012, the Supreme Court set aside the decision of the Division Bench of this Court in RFA (OS) No.11/1984 and decreed the specific performance of the Agreement to Sell. However, the Supreme Court also directed that the sale deed to be executed in favour of the plaintiffs would be at the market price of the suit property as on the date of the said judgment, that is, 03.02.2012. The Supreme Court remitted the matter to the learned Single Judge of this Court to undertake the exercise of making a correct assessment of the market value of the suit property.
13. The learned Single Judge has rendered the impugned order pursuant to the order dated 03.12.2012.
REASONS AND CONCLUSION
14. As is apparent from the above, the controversy in the present appeal is in a narrow compass. The principal question to be addressed is whether the impugned order passed by the learned Single Judge is in conformity with the judgement of the Supreme Court dated 03.12.2012. It would be relevant to refer to the operative part of the judgment dated 03.12.2012 which reads as under:
15. There is no ambiguity in the aforementioned judgement or the directions issued by the Supreme Court. It is clear that the subject suit [CS(OS) No.994/1977] for the specific performance was decreed in favour of the plaintiffs. The defendants were required to execute the Agreement to Sell and convey the suit property to the plaintiffs at the market value of the suit property as on the date of the decree- 03.12.2012. The matter was placed before the trial court for the limited purpose of ascertaining the market value of the suit property as on 03.12.2012.
16. It is material to note that after the said decision was rendered by the Supreme Court, certain applications for modification/clarification (I.A. Nos.3-5 & I.A. D.No.37212 of 2013 and I.A. Nos.12-13 & 14-15 of 2013) were filed before the Supreme Court seeking impleadment/clarification/modification/correction of the judgment dated 03.12.2012. The said applications included an application filed by Sh. Amit Jain, Sh. Rahul Jain and Smt. Aruna Jain claiming that Ms. Sameen Rushdie Momen (legal heir of deceased defendant Anis Ahmed Rushdie) had sold part of the suit property (two parcels admeasuring an aggregate of 1500 sq. yds.) to the said applicants while the matter was pending before the Supreme Court.
17. Narender Kumar Jain and Arvind Kumar Jain (original plaintiffs no.2 and 3 being appellants in FAO(OS) No.22/2020) also filed applications (I.A. Nos.12-13), inter alia, stating that Ms. Sameen Rushdie Momen had executed an irrevocable General Power of Attorney dated 04.11.2010 for a consideration in favour of M/s Fine Properties Pvt. Ltd. whereby she had sought to part with her rights and interests in the suit property in favour of the constituted attorney (M/s Fine Properties Pvt. Ltd.) for consideration of ₹4.[5] crores. The applicants prayed that in view of the above the defendants were not entitled to any relief as they had already parted with the suit property. The said applicants also filed another application seeking stay of the proceedings in respect of the applications filed by M/s Fine Properties Pvt. Ltd. before the learned Single Judge.
18. In addition, an application was also filed by Chopra Marketing Pvt. Ltd. seeking impleadment in the appeal disposed of by the Supreme Court claiming that it had entered into an agreement to purchase the suit property with the constituted attorneys of defendants.
19. All applications, apart from the application seeking correction of certain errors, were dismissed by the Supreme Court by an order dated 08.05.2013 for the reason that matters sought to be agitated were not subject matter of the appeals disposed of in terms of the judgement dated 03.12.2012.
20. The applications filed by Narender Kumar Jain and Arvind Kumar Jain for seeking modification of the order on the ground that the RAWAL defendant had parted with its rights in the suit property in favour of M/s Fine Properties Ltd. was rejected with certain observations. The relevant extract of the order dated 08.05.2013 is set out below:
21. Pursuant to the orders passed by the Supreme Court, the learned Single Judge undertook the exercise for determining the market value of the suit property as on 03.12.2012.
22. By an order dated 29.01.2014, the learned Single Judge directed that the matter be listed before the Registrar General of this Court on 12.02.2014 for conducting an enquiry regarding the value of the suit property in terms of the decision of the Supreme Court. The said order also specifically granted liberty to the parties to lead evidence on the said question.
23. On 12.02.2014, the Registrar General issued directions to the concerned Sub-Divisional Magistrate (hereafter ‘the SDM’) for submitting the valuation report of the suit property. The SDM submitted a report dated 23.04.2014 stating the value of the suit property as ₹51,51,85,000/-. The Registrar General of this Court also nominated M/s ITCOT Consultancy and Services Ltd. to ascertain the market value of the suit property. The said valuer submitted a report valuing the suit property at ₹1,57,95,69,000/-. The parties were also afforded opportunity to cross-examine the SDM and M/s ITCOT Consultancy and Services Ltd. in respect of valuation reports submitted by them.
24. The plaintiffs also produced a valuation report of a valuer (Mr. M.L. Aggarwal) and tendered the same in evidence along with an affidavit of the said valuer. Mr Agarwal was also cross examined. In addition, Mr. Narender Kumar Jain was also examined as PW[2].
25. The defendants did not examine any witnesses.
26. After the aforesaid proceedings were concluded before the Single Judge.
27. Before the learned Single Judge, it was contended on behalf of the plaintiffs that the defendant had executed a sale deed dated 04.11.2010 and had also executed a General Power of Attorney in favour of the M/s Fine Properties Pvt. Ltd. setting out the consideration at ₹4.[5] crores. Additionally, the defendant had also executed a sale deed dated 15.11.2011 in respect of 836.12 sq. mtrs. (equal to 1000 sq. yds.) for a sale consideration of ₹2.20 crores and another sale deed dated 21.11.2011 for another portion of the suit property measuring 418 sq. mtrs. (500 sq. yds.) for a sale consideration of ₹1.[1] crores. It was contended that the value of the entire property was ascertainable at ₹11.82 crores based on the consideration as mentioned in those sale deeds.
28. In addition, it was also contended on behalf of the plaintiffs that there were other mitigating factors including that the suit property was tenanted and covered under the Delhi Rent Control Act, 1958. It was RAWAL submitted that the suit property was an irregular plot (shermukhi) which was not considered auspicious and therefore, its price would be lower than the average price of other properties in the area. It was contended that the market value of the suit property was required to be ascertained by factoring in these attributes and factors, which had the effect of significantly lowering the value of the suit property.
29. During the course of the proceedings before the learned Single judge, the learned counsel appearing for defendant no.1D, who claimed to be the sole legal heir of original defendant Late Sh. Anis Ahmed Rushdie, stated that he could arrange a buyer who was willing to pay ₹145 crores for the suit property. It is also recorded in the impugned order that on 13.02.2018, the counsel appearing for the plaintiffs stated that he would obtain instructions whether plaintiff no.1 and plaintiff no.2 were willing to pay the price of ₹145 crores if the defendant was successful in finding a serious buyer willing to purchase the suit property at the aforesaid price. It is further recorded in the impugned order that on 13.02.2018, the learned Single Judge had observed that the best procedure for determining the market value of the property was to determine whether the actual buyer is willing to pay the sum of ₹145 crores as stated and accordingly, adjourned the matter to 08.03.2018 to enable the counsel for the defendant to bring a buyer for the aforesaid amount.
30. On 08.03.2018, a statement was made on behalf of the learned counsel for the defendant that he had a buyer willing to offer a sum of RAWAL ₹130 crores for the suit property on as is where is basis. On that date, one Mr. Ashok Kumar, S/o Chiranji Lal, R/o 19, Farquhar Road, Birmingham (proposed buyer) was also present in the Court along with demand draft of ₹25 lacs in favour of the Registrar General of this Court.
31. However, the matter regarding the possible sale of the suit property did not proceed any further and rightly so. The issue before the learned Single Judge was limited to ascertaining the market value of the suit property as on 03.12.2012 and not to realise the best price for the suit property.
32. The record shows that the plaintiffs had also raised doubts whether the offer made by defendant no.1D was a bona fide offer.
33. The learned Single Judge has also recorded in the impugned order that on 11.04.2018, the learned counsel appearing for the defendant had made a statement that the defendant would be willing to convey the suit property in favour of the plaintiff for a sum of ₹11.82 crores if the proposed buyer failed to purchase the suit property for ₹130 crores. Apparently, this statement was made to persuade the Court to accept that the offer of ₹130 crores was a serious one. However, thereafter the defendant No.1D filed an application [IA No.6188/2018] stating that if the proposed buyer did not purchase the property at ₹130 crores, the Court could determine the market value of the property and the defendant ought not be compelled to sell the suit property at a consideration of ₹11.82 crores.
34. In the aforesaid background, the learned Single Judge has passed the impugned order. The operative part of the said order read as under:
35. The limited scope of remand by the Supreme Court was to ascertain the market value of the suit property as there was no material before the Court to do so. It is relevant to bear in mind that the suit instituted was one of specific performance of the Agreement to Sell which was decreed. Thus, in terms of the order dated 03.12.2012 passed by the Supreme Court, the Agreement was required to be performed by the defendant (successor-in-interest). The only issue that remained was RAWAL to fix a consideration which was required to be paid. It is apparent that there was no scope for the learned Single Judge to device a method for introducing any third party sale.
36. The approach of putting in place two separate sale considerations for the suit property, one determined at ₹130 crores with the further recourse to perform the Agreement at ₹75 crores if the plaintiffs did not pay the said amount and the defendant could not secure the same by further sale, is wholly alien to the scope of determination of the market value of the suit property as on 03.12.2012 for specific performance of the Agreement to Sell, as decreed by the Supreme Court. Clearly, there cannot be two market values of the same property for specific performance of the agreement to sell.
37. There may be some element of subjectivity in determining the price of an immovable property. However, we are unable to agree that the same would be incapable of determination in a Court. It is obvious that the Court would require to determine the value of the property on the basis of material and evidence placed before the Court.
38. It is well settled that the price agreeable by a willing buyer and a willing seller would, in normal circumstances, be accepted as the value of a property. Thus, it would certainly be open for the Court to take into consideration such value if evidence to the said effect was available with the Court. However, it would be erroneous to direct actual sale of the property to determine its value.
39. We are also unable to concur with the learned Single Judge’s view that judicial notice could be taken that the price of the property as on 03.12.2012 would be higher than the price of immovable property as on the date of its determination (that is, on 12.12.2019). The assumption that the prices of immovable properties have fallen since 2012 to 2019 does not appear to be supported by any evidence on record. At any rate no material has been alluded to by the Court in arriving at the said conclusion. The mitigating factors as mentioned by the plaintiffs were also required to be considered.
40. It is also material to note that certain parties are also claiming interest in the suit property or part thereof pursuant to Agreements / General Power of Attorney executed by the defendant and/or his predecessors including those executed in the period between 31.10.2011 (the date on which the Division Bench had set aside the decree for specific performance) and 03.12.2012 (the date on which the suit was decreed by the Supreme Court). Plainly, the rights created by the defendant in favour of the other persons, if any, would also be affected if the defendants are compelled to enter into a sale of the suit property on the failure of the plaintiffs to pay the consideration as determined. Clearly, no directions could be issued by the learned Single Judge for the sale of the suit property on the failure of the plaintiffs to pay the consideration as determined.
41. In view of the above, we set aside the impugned order and remand the matter to the learned Single Judge to determine the value of RAWAL the suit property afresh in terms of the directions issued by the Supreme Court.
42. We direct the Registrar to place the matter before the concerned learned Single Judge on 11th December, 2023 and request the learned Single judge to conclude the proceedings as expeditiously as possible.
43. The appeals are allowed in the aforesaid terms.
VIBHU BAKHRU, J AMIT MAHAJAN, J DECEMBER 05, 2023 ‘gsr’ RAWAL