Full Text
HIGH COURT OF DELHI
Date of Decision: 11th MARCH, 2026 IN THE MATTER OF:
IN
19721/2023, I.A. 33382/2024 M/S R K BARARIA .....Plaintiff
Through: Appearance not given
Through: Mr. Vinay Kumar Garg, Senior Advocate, Mr. Bipin Kumar, Mr. Suresh Chandra Sharma, Mr. K. S.
Rekhi, Mr. Shivom Sharma, Advocates
JUDGMENT
1. The present applications being I.A. 4623/2019 has been filed by the Plaintiff under Order XXXIX Rule 1 and 2 read with Section 151 of the CPC seeking ex-parte ad-interim injunction restraining the Defendant, their agents, representatives or any other person from selling, transferring, alienating or creating any third party interest in 50 Flats in Tower A, J, B, & I and 130 Flats in other Towers and further retrain them, their agents, representatives or any other person acting on their behalf from transferring in any manner till the disposal of the main suit. I.A. 8900/2019 has been filed by the Defendant under Order XXXIX Rule 4 read with Section 151 of the CPC for setting aside the Interim Order dated 09.04.2019 passed by this Court and I.A. 11461/2019 which has also been filed by the Defendant under Order XXXIX Rule 4 read with Section 151 of the CPC seeking modification of the Interim Order dated 05.07.2019 passed by this Court.
2. Shorn of unnecessary details, the facts of the case read as under: i. The Plaintiff is M/s R. K. Bararia, which is a proprietorship concern engaged in civil constructions and Nandi Infratech Private Limited is the Defendant, who is the Project Developer and has awarded the work of construction to the Plaintiff. ii. The Plaintiff and the Defendant entered into a Construction Contract dated 31.01.2015 (hereinafter referred to as “the Contract”) for the construction of multi-storeyed flats in the project “Amaatra Homes” at Sector 10, Greater Noida. (hereinafter referred to as “the Project”) iii. Initially, as per the award letter dated 1.11.2014, the scope of work entailed construction of 08 towers i.e., B, C, D, E, F, G, H & I of the Project for a tentative value of Rs. 36,12,50,000/- and later two more towers i.e., A and J were added and hence the Plaintiff had to construct a total of 10 towers. iv. The Plaintiff has filed the instant suit seeking recovery against the Defendant for the sum of Rs. 10,32,54,740/- along with interest at the rate of 18% per annum which is due and payable for the work executed under the Contract. It is also alleged by the Plaintiff that the termination of the Contract by the Defendant was arbitrarily and wrongful. v. A cross Suit being CS(OS) No. 160/2018 was filed by the Defendant against the Plaintiff herein stating that the Plaintiff has been paid an extra sum of Rs. 2,58,00,000/-. Liquidated damages to the extent of Rs. 8,59,00,000/- due to delay in execution of the Project had also been claimed in the said Suit filed by the Defendant. vi. The present Suit was listed for hearing on 09.04.2019. This Court found that since the amount claimed by the Plaintiff is quite substantial and the claim of the Defendant is primarily for liquidated damages which are to be established at trial, it directed that any transfer of flats in Tower A and J made by the Defendant in the Project constructed by the Plaintiff shall be subject to further Order of this Court. The Defendant was permitted to deal with these flats by informing the proposed buyers of the Order of this Court. Certain Orders were also passed for carrying out joint measurements for ascertaining the value of the work which the Plaintiff has done under the Contract. vii. The said Order was modified on 05.07.2019. The Order sheet dated 05.07.2019 reveals that the learned Counsel for the Defendant made a settlement offer for deposit of Rs. 5,00,00,000/- being a sale consideration for 06 flats to ensure that the entire Project was not stalled.
3. This Court on 05.07.2019 modified the Order dated 09.04.2019 by directing that the sale consideration of the first 06 flats or any other number of flats amounting to a total sum of Rs. 5,00,00,000/- which are sold by the Defendant, shall be deposited with the Registrar General of this Court and subject to such deposit, the Defendant was free to deal with the remaining flats in the Project.
4. It is pertinent to mention that the prayer in I.A. 11461/2019 is for modification of the Order dated 05.07.2019 and pass an Order for keeping the 16 flats of total sale consideration value of more than Rs. 5,00,00,000/as security till the disposal of the application being I.A. 4623/2019 under Order XXXIX Rule 1 and 2 filed at the first instance of the Suit.
5. This Court vide Order dated 17.01.2023 recorded that the Defendant had not deposited the requisite amount in terms of the Order dated 05.07.2019 leading to contempt of the Order of this Court and therefore, the Plaintiff had filed a contempt petition being CCP (O) 74/2019 for noncompliance of the said Order. The Defendant was directed to file an affidavit within a period of four weeks placing on record the details of the flats in two towers i.e., A and J which have been sold by the Defendant in the aftermath of the Order dated 09.04.2019 together with the details of the sale consideration realized as a result of the said sales.
6. An affidavit has been filed by the Defendant on 01.03.2023 in compliance of the Order dated 17.01.2023. Relevant paragraph of the said affidavit reads as under:
7. Another affidavit has been filed by the Defendant on 09.05.2023. Relevant paragraph of the said affidavit reads as under:-
8. Perusal of the said affidavit indicates that due to an upward surge in real estate market, the value of the flats in the project, namely, “Amaatra Homes” substantially increased and the Defendant was in an immediate requirement of funds for the purpose of completion of construction of the Project. The said affidavit indicates that only 17 flats are left out of a total inventory of 942 flats under the Project and the Defendant is willing to secure 12 flats as unsold stocks. The details of the 17 unsold flats were furnished along with the affidavit.
9. The amount was deposited only in the year 2024 i.e., after 05 years and that too in two tranches of Rs. 2,00,00,000/- and Rs. 3,00,00,000/- on 15.02.2024 and 10.05.2024 respectively.
10. Learned Senior Counsel appearing on behalf of the Defendant strenuously submits that in a suit for recovery of money, an injunction on immovable property cannot be passed. He draws the attention of this Court and contends that an Order under Order XXXIX Rule 1 and 2 can be passed only when the suit is regarding a property and that the property which is the subject matter of the suit is endangered of being wasted, damaged or alienated by any party of the suit or where there is an eminent danger that the Defendant will remove or dispose of the property with a view to defraud its creditors or where there is a threat of dispossession of the Plaintiff from the suit property. He states that until and unless all these conditions are satisfied, no order under Order XXXIX Rule 1 and 2 can be passed even in a suit pertaining to an immovable property. He, therefore, states that in the present Suit which is one for recovery of money, no Order can be passed while exercising the jurisdiction under Order XXXIX Rule 1 and 2.
11. Learned Senior Counsel appearing on behalf of the Defendant thereafter, draws attention of this Court to Order XXXVIII Rule 5 and contends that in a suit for recovery of money, the Court can only pass an attachment before judgment, and even to pass such an Order, the Plaintiff has to satisfy the Court that there is a threat that the Defendant could dispose of whole or a part of his property or is about to remove whole or a part of his property from the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court and thereby reducing the decree passed in a suit for recovery of money only to a paper decree. He further states that the facts of this case do not demonstrate that either of these two conditions under XXXVIII Rule 5 are satisfied for passing an Order under the aforesaid provision.
12. He, therefore, states that the Order dated 09.04.2019 as modified vide Order dated 05.07.2019 has been passed wholly without jurisdiction, and therefore, cannot be confirmed and resultantly, I.A. 8900/2019 which has been filed by the Defendant under Order XXXIX Rule 4 read with Section 151 of the CPC for vacation/setting aside the Interim Order dated 09.04.2019 passed by this Court and as modified by the Order dated 05.07.2019 should be allowed,
13. Learned Senior Counsel appearing on behalf of the Defendant draws attention of this Court to a judgment of a Division Bench of this Court in Evolve Info Train India Pvt. Ltd. v. Versatile Commotrade Pvt. Ltd. & Anr., (2018) SCC OnLine Del 7016, Sunil Kakrania & Ors. v. M/s. Saltee Infrastructure Ltd. & Anr., (2009) SCC OnLine Cal 1638, Kohinoor Steel Private Limited v. Pravesh Chandra Kapoor, (2010) SCC OnLine Cal 1856 and Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran and Another v. Lark Construction Pvt. Ltd., (2005) 1 Mah LJ 953 to substantiate his contention that interim injunction against him in a property cannot be granted in a money suit.
14. Learned Senior Counsel appearing on behalf of the Defendant draws the attention of this Court to a judgment of the Apex Court in Raman Tech. & Process Engg. Co. And Another v. Solanki Traders, (2008) SCC 2 302 to highlight the circumstances under which Order XXXVIII Rule 5 can be invoked. Relevant paragraphs of the said judgment reads as under: “5. The power under Order 38 Rule 5 CPC is a drastic and extraordinary power. Such power should not be exercised mechanically or merely for the asking. It should be used sparingly and strictly in accordance with the Rule. The purpose of Order 38 Rule 5 is not to convert an unsecured debt into a secured debt. Any attempt by a plaintiff to utilise the provisions of Order
38 Rule 5 as a leverage for coercing the defendant to settle the suit claim should be discouraged. Instances are not wanting where bloated and doubtful claims are realised by unscrupulous plaintiffs by obtaining orders of attachment before judgment and forcing the defendants for out-of-court settlements under threat of attachment.
6. A defendant is not debarred from dealing with his property merely because a suit is filed or about to be filed against him. Shifting of business from one premises to another premises or removal of machinery to another premises by itself is not a ground for granting attachment before judgment. A plaintiff should show, prima facie, that his claim is bona fide and valid and also satisfy the court that the defendant is about to remove or dispose of the whole or part of his property, with the intention of obstructing or delaying the execution of any decree that may be passed against him, before power is exercised under Order 38 Rule 5 CPC. Courts should also keep in view the principles relating to grant of attachment before judgment. (See Premraj Mundra v. Md. Manech Gazi [AIR 1951 Cal 156] for a clear summary of the principles.”
15. Learned Senior Counsel appearing on behalf of the Defendant thereafter has taken this Court to a judgment of Premraj Mundra v. Md. Maneck Gazi & Ors., (1951) SCC OnLine Cal 20, a judgment relied upon by the Apex Court, wherein the Single Bench of the Calcutta High Court has laid down the guiding principles before exercising powers under Order XXXVIII Rule 5 which reads as under:-
16. Learned Senior Counsel appearing on behalf of the Defendant, therefore, states that the Order dated 09.04.2019 passed by this Court and modified by the Order dated 05.07.2019 has been passed without any jurisdiction wherein this Court has invoked the power of Order XXXIX Rule 1 and 2 in an immovable property which is not a subject matter of the present suit and has also not applied its mind to acknowledge various factors to be kept in mind while exercising the power under Order XXXVIII Rule 5. Hence, I.A. 4623/2019 which has been filed by the Plaintiff under Order XXXIX Rule 1 and 2 ought to be dismissed and I.A. 8900/2019 and I.A. 11461/2019 should be allowed/disposed of accordingly.
17. Per contra, learned Senior Counsel appearing on behalf of the Plaintiff strenuously contends that the power of the Court while dealing with an application under Order XXXIX Rule 1 and 2, is inherent in its nature and Orders can be passed to meet the ends of justice. He states that the Order dated 05.07.2019 shows that the learned Counsel for the Defendant has himself offered a sum of Rs. 5,00,00,000/-. He states that the conduct of the Defendant is such that he kept on selling the flats in the Project without adhering to the commitment given by it to the Court and the requisite amount came to be deposited only on 15.02.2024 and 10.05.2024 which is about 4 years after the Order was passed and the Defendant, therefore, does not deserve any indulgence of this Court for modification of the Order.
18. The learned Senior Counsel for the Plaintiff has relied upon several orders of this Court and various other High Courts, wherein Orders regarding immovable properties have been passed even in recovery suits by exercising powers under Order XXXIX Rules 1 & 2 of CPC.
19. Heard learned Counsels for the Parties and perused the material on record.
20. The present suit is one for recovery of money. Material on record indicates that the money is to be recovered from the sale of flats. In order to balance the equities, this Court on 09.04.2019 passed the following Orders. Relevant paragraph of the said Order reads as under:
21. When the matter came up for hearing on 05.07.2019, this Court while dealing with the application being I.A. 4623/2019 filed by the Plaintiff under Order XXXIX Rule 1 and 2 and an application being I.A. 8900/2019 filed by the Defendant under Order XXXIX Rule 4, noted the submission of learned Counsel for the Defendant that the Defendant is volunteering to pay a sum of Rs. 5,00,00,000/- in order to secure the decree. Though the Plaintiff in its pleadings has stated that the Plaintiff has not approached under Order XXXVIII Rule 5, the offer made by the learned Counsel for the Defendant is to secure the amount which is the principle under Order XXXVIII Rule 5. Relevant paragraph of the said Order is reproduced and reads as under:
22. Admittedly, the said amount which has been offered by the Defendant came to be deposited only in May 2024 which is 4 years after the Order was passed. No valid reason is forthcoming as to why the amount was not deposited. The fact that an application has been filed for modification of the Order dated 05.07.2019 alone cannot be a reason for not complying with the Order.
23. The only inference that can be drawn by this Court after reading the applicaiton is that the Defendant was in need of funds for which purpose the flats were sold and the money has been utilized by the Defendant without complying with the Order of the Court. In the opinion of this Court, the conditions under Order XXXVIII Rule 5, therefore, stands automatically fulfilled. There is nothing on record to show that other than this asset there is any other asset available to the Defendant from a where a decree even if passed against the Defendant, can be satisfied. It seems that the only asset from where the Defendant can get liquid cash is only from the sale of the flats in this Project and if these flats are sold without the money being secured, the Plaintiff might only end up having a paper decree. The statement of the Plaintiff that the Plaintiff has sought for directions under Order XXXIX Rules 1 and 2 of CPC and not under Order XXXVIII Rule 5 of CPC is irrelevant and immaterial as the Court has the power to exercise powers under Order XXXVIII Rule 5 of CPC even if prayers are made under Order XXXIX Rules 1 and 2.
24. The question as to whether the Order dated 09.04.2019 passed by this Court and as modified by the Order dated 05.07.2019 could have been passed under Order XXXIX Rule 1 and 2 in a suit for recovery of money, therefore, pales into insignificance because of the conduct of the Defendant. The conduct of the Defendant does not inspire any confidence in this Court for modification of the said Order or return of the money.
25. In the opinion of this Court, the Order dated 09.04.2019 passed by this Court and as modified by the Order dated 05.07.2019 does not call for any modification and neither it is required to be vacated. The amount which is sought for in the plaint is Rs. 10,32,54,740/- and an amount of Rs. 5,00,00,000/- stands deposited in this Court.
26. An assertion made by learned Counsel for the Defendant to demonstrate its solvency is that its gross income stands at Rs. 24,00,00,000/, its current income is at Rs. 60,00,00,000/- and its net profit is Rs. 9,00,00,000/-. However, in the absence of any verifiable material, this assertion cannot be accepted. If this were the position, then there was no reason for the Defendant to not comply with its own undertaking given to this Court. It is settled law that violation of an undertaking given to this Court amounts to contempt. The contention of the learned Senior Counsel for the Defendant that the inventory of the builder is not a reflection of its financial condition cannot be accepted in the absence of any material to show the actual inventory of the defendant reflecting alternative projects and other means for funds generation.
27. In view of the above, the present applications are disposed of. CS(COMM) 166/2019 & CCP(O) 74/2019, I.A. 10609/2020, I.A. 19721/2023, I.A. 33382/2024 List on 11.08.2026.
SUBRAMONIUM PRASAD, J MARCH 11, 2026 Prateek